Earticle

Purpose: We investigated the changes in the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) and the no-signal reaction time (NSRT) following motor sequential learning in the stop-signal task (SST). This study also determined which of the reduction0s of spatial processing time was better between blocked- and random-SST. Methods: Thirty right-handed healthy subjects without a history of neurological dysfunction were recruited. In all subjects, both the SSRT and the NSRT were measured for the SST. Tasks were classified into two categories based on the stop-signal patterns, the blocked-SST practice group and random-SST practice group. All subjects gave written informed consent. Results: In the blocked-SST group, both the SSRT and the NSRT was significantly decreased (p<0.05) but not significantly changed in the random-SST group. In the SSRT and the NSRT, the blocked-SST group was faster than the random-SST group (p<0.05). In the post-test SST after practice of each group, the SSRT was significantly decreased in the random-SST group (p<0.05), but the NSRT showed no significant changes in either group. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that random-SST practice resulted in a decrease in internal processing times needed for a rapid stop to visual signals, indicating motor skill learning is acquired through improved response selection and inhibition.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in the brain connectivity in mental practice and physical performance of training bilateral upper extremity function. Method: The subject performed activities involving mental tasks and physical exercise for bilateral upper extremity functioning during each phase of EEG measurements. The subject performed a symmetrical task(lifting a box and placing it back) that involved moving both arms at the same time and an asymmetrical task(opening and closing a bottle cap) in order to perform functional tasks. EEG electrodes were attached to Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, T3, T4, P3, and P4. Data analysis was performed using Cross-Line Mapping for correlational analyses between EEG electrode pairs. Conclusion: This study found that the brain connectivity patterns of symmetrical and asymmetric upper extremity tasks have similar patterns for the motor and sensory area, and that the correlation of the physical practice is generally higher than that of the mental practice.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the perceived importance and performance of evidence-basedclinical practice guidelines (EBCPG) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention among nurses inorthopedic hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 188 nurses in three orthopedichospitals in South Korea. Participants rated the importance and performance of 110 EBCPG for VTEprevention items across 10 domains using a 5-point Likert scale. Importance-performance analysis wasutilized to identify gaps and prioritize areas for improvement. Results: The mean importance and performance scores for EBCPG for VTE prevention were 4.02 and 3.67,respectively, revealing a statistically significant gap (t ¼ 10.67, p < .001). Differences were observedacross domains, with “General interventions for VTE prevention” showing the highest scores for bothimportance and performance, while “VTE prevention for cancer patients” and “VTE prevention for surgicalpatients” exhibited the largest gaps. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for targeted strategies to bridge the gap between theperceived importance and performance of EBCPG for VTE prevention, particularly in domains withsignificant performance deficiencies. Tailored education and institutional support are recommended toenhance guideline utilization and improve patient outcomes in orthopedic hospitals.

필자는 지난 10여 년간 판소리를 연구하고 학습하면서, 판소리 창자들이 ‘성음’이란 용어를 가장 많이 사용하고 있음을 발견하였다. 예를 들어, “저건 성음이 아니다" 혹은 "성음이 기가 막 혀!" 등의 표현이었다. 이것은 가창자에 대한 미학적, 음악적 취향과 기호를 판단하는 발언으로, 판소리 연행의 외부자로서 선뜻 이해하기 어려운 개념이었다. 한국 전통성악장르의 정수(精髓) 라 할 수 있는 판소리에서, ‘성음’에 대한 해석은 주로 ‘음색’적인 측면에서 접근하여 왔다. 하지 만 필자가 판소리 학습에 직접 참여하여 조사 한 결과, 창자들은 성음에 대해 음색을 포함한 구체적이고 음악적인 표현들을 포괄적으로 실현하였고, 이는 음악의 개별적 제반 요소(musical parameters)에 대한 연주실제(performance practice)와 긴밀하게 연관되어 있음을 확인할 수 있 었다. 본 논문은 계면성음과 함께 판소리 미학의 양대 산맥을 이루는 우조성음에 관한 연구이다. 박록주제 흥보가를 계승하고 있는 박송희 명창, 박봉술제 적벽가의 송순섭 명창, 만정제 춘향가의 신영희 명창을 대상으로 연구의 초점을 맞추었으며, 소리꾼 김수미와 장시간의 현장조사 및 학습 을 통해 얻어진 결과를 체계적으로 정리하였다. 창자들은 연주실제를 통한 우조성음의 발현을 통성과 단전호흡을 통한 창법, 간결한 시김새 구사와 조음점(調音點, articulation), 붙임새의 활용 과 연관된 악절구조 등, 세 가지 음악적 제반 요소를 바탕으로 논지를 전개하였다. 우조성음의 기본적 특성은 모든 음악적 제반 요소간의 섬세한 균형이 이루어 질 때 구현되며, 창자들은 ‘소리 를 들어 올려라!’라는 표현으로 우조성음을 정의하였다.

While researching and studying pansori for the past ten years, one of the most common words I heard with regard to pansori’s aesthetic standard was “seongeum.” One might say, “ya! gye seongeumi giga makhyeo, meaning, “hey, that person’s seongeum is incredible!,” or, “ayi jeogeon seongeumi aniya!,” “nah, that’s not seongeum,” meaning the person is not properly conveying seongeum. Audience members, musicians and scholars alike all refer to seongeum but what constitutes “seongeum” is not explicit and quite often elusive. Any serious discussion of seongeum focuses on what is “heard” in performance, and singers interpret seongeum through the sound itself. Thus, seongeum is the quality and timbre of sound that is heard and understood as the ideal musical aesthetic, the totality of a performance that includes all the subtle aspects of performance practice. The article focuses on the performance practice of ujo in pansori and considers how pansori singers create the ideal ujo sound or seongeum, “lifting up the sound,” reflective of ujo’s grand and majestic character. This analysis is based on my fieldwork with several pansori singers who can immediately assess if an appropriate seongeum is being used as the music itself is being performed. They base their assessment on the delicate balance of three parameters: 1) vocal timbre, vocal production, and technique; 2) articulation, vocal phrasing and ornamentation (sigimsae); and (3) text setting (buchimsae) and phrase structure. When all parameters are in balance, the essential character of ujo seongeum, “lifting up the sound,” is revealed in the music.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of hair practice ability of beauty workers on job satisfaction and beauty practice management performance. A questionnaire was conducted on 285 hair care workers. The sub-factors of the hair practice ability of beauty workers consisted of cut, perm, dyeing, dryness, and customer counseling/management, and the sub-factors of job satisfaction consisted of interpersonal relations, professional pride, social recognition, and job environment to investigate the effect on management performance and analyze the relationship between the factors. The main purpose of hair practice education is to improve skills, and the average number of annual participation in hair practice education of beauty workers was less than three times. Among the sub-factors of job satisfaction, the director had the highest interpersonal relationship and professional concern, the designer had the highest social recognition and job environment, and the designer had the highest management performance. Hair practice ability had a positive (+) effect on job satisfaction and beauty practice management performance. In , cut had a positive (+) effect on practical and non-financial performance, and a positive (+) effect on financial performance. The effect of job satisfaction on beauty practice management performance is that the higher the social recognition among practical performances, the higher the social recognition in the job environment non-financial performance, in the financial performance. A complete mediating effect of job satisfaction was confirmed between beauty practice management performance. In conclusion, it was found that job satisfaction and management performance were also high when practical skills were improved. Therefore, it suggests that job satisfaction and management performance can also be improved if education, technical education, trend education, and service education for customer satisfaction are implemented to improve personalized practical skills.

본 연구는 간호대학생이 COVID-19상황에서 임상실습만족도와 임상실습무력감이 임상수행능력에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 데 목적이 있다. 대상자는 G시에 소재한 1개 대학의 간호학과 3.4학년 263명 을 연구대상으로 하였다. 분석은 기술통계분석과 t 검증과 ANOVA, 상관관계, 다중회귀분석을 실시 하였다. 임상수행능력은 평균 3.50점, 임상실습만족도는 3.46점, 임상관련 무력감은 2.84점이였고, 임상수행능력은 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 임상수행능력은 학년별, 대학생활만족도, 실습동료와 의 관계, 임상실습량 만족도와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며 대상자의 임상수행능력은 임상 실습만족도는(r=.33, p<.001), 임상관련 무력감(r=.45, p<.001)에 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었고, 임상 관련 무력감은 임상수행능력과는 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 임상수행능력에 대한 회귀분석은 통계적으로 유의하였고(F=22.12, p<.001), 설명력은 14%였다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해 본 연구는 COVID-19 상황에서 간호대학생의 임상수행능력을 향상시키기 위한 기초정보를 제시하는 점에서 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of clinical practice satisfaction and clinical practice powerlessness on clinical performance ability in COVID-19 situation of nursing students. The subjects were 263 students in G city, analysis was conducted by descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The clinical performance ability according to the general characteristics of the subjects showed statistically significant differences in the clinical performance ability according to grade, university life satisfaction, relationship with the practice, Relationship with clinical practice peer, and satisfaction with clinical practice amount. The clinical performance ability of the subjects was significantly correlated with clinical practice satisfaction and clinically related clinical practice powerlessness. Clinical practice powerlessness did not show any correlation with clinical performance ability. Regression analysis on Clinical performance ability was statistically significant, and explanatory power was 14%. The results of this study are as follows: It is meaningful in that it presents basic information to improve clinical performance ability of nursing students.

This study explored the effect of writing activity on EFL participants’ speaking performance. In order to attain this purpose, three research questions were presented; 1) What are the characteristics of learners’ writing? 2) How does their speaking fluency change during the writing sessions?, and 3) What is the effect of writing practice on learners’ speaking fluency, in terms of features of spoken grammar? Four college students participated in this study. Pre- and post-oral proficiency test scores, the participants’ writing products, and recorded data of their speaking performance were used for data analysis. Results of data analysis showed that, first, the more proficient participants were, the fewer the errors they made in their writing. Second, there was an increase in scores of intermediate- and beginning-level of students between the pre- and post- oral tests while the scores of advanced level of students did not show any differences between those two tests. Lastly, the result shows that the learners with higher proficiency in writing ability have higher recognition to the spoken grammar. Pedagogical implications are also made on the effective teaching of English writing and speaking in the Korean classroom setting.

본 연구에는 간호대학생의 Big-5 성격 특성이 임상실습 스트레스와 임상 수행 능력에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 대상자는 편의추출 방법으로 모집하였는데, 경북 및 경남 지역에 소재한 간호학 과 재학생으로 임상실습 경험이 있는 3학년과 4학년을 대상으로 하였고, 2022년 3월부터 4월까지 구조화 된 설문지를 이용하였다. 수집된 자료 130부 중 115부를 대상으로 SPSS 27.0 Statistics Program을 이용하여 다중회귀분석(Multiple Regression Analysis) 하였다. 연구 결과, 임상실습 스트레스에 미치는 영향 요인은 Big-5 성격 특성 중 정서적 불안정성으로 나타났다(F=11.505, p<.001). 임상 수행 능력에 미치는 영향 요인은 외향성, 성실성, 개방성으로 분석되었다(F=15.317, p<.001). 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 간호대학생 들의 임상실습 스트레스를 줄이고 임상 수행 능력을 향상하기 위하여 간호대학생의 성격 특성을 고려한 스트레스 예방 및 대처 프로그램을 개발하고 적용해야 하며, 임상실습 지도 프로그램을 개발하여 학생들 이 임상실습을 효과적으로 참여할 수 있도록 해야 한다.

This study aims to examine the impact of Big-5 personality traits on clinical practice stress and clinical competence among nursing students who have experienced at clinical practice. Data were collected from March to April 2022 using a questionnaire. A total of 115 responses were analyzed by Multiple Regression Analysis with the SPSS 27.0 Statistics Program. The findings revealed that the presence of emotional instability, as one of the Big-5 personality traits, significantly influenced clinical practice stress (F=11.505, p<.001). Furthermore, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness among Big-5 personality traits were found to significantly influence clinical competence (F=15.317, p<.001). To mitigate clinical practice stress and enhance clinical competence among nursing students, programs should be developed to prevent and cope with clinical practice stress based on nursing students' personality traits, in addition to programs aims at improving clinical competence.

산업의 서비스화와 수요자의 시장권력 증대로 인하여 혁신의 관점이 기술, 공급자 중심에서 사람, 수요자 중심으로 변화하고 있다. 이에 따라 혁신도 수요 측의 행동을 파악하여 수요자가 요구하는 바에 기초하는 새로운 관점이 필요하게 되면서 혁신을 위한 대안으로 서비스디자인이 주목을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 서비스디자인에 대한 개념을 설정한 후, 다음의 두 가지 연구 주제에 관하여 살펴본다. 첫째, 국내 기업들이 서비스디자인을 기업경영에 적용하기로 결정할 때 어떠한 요인들이 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 기업들이 서비스디자인을 경영에 적용하였을 때 어떠한 경제적 성과가 유발되는가? 499개의 국내기업에 대한 설문자료에 기초하여 이 두 주제 에 대한 실증분석을 실시한 결과, 우선 기업이 독립적인 디자인 조직 보유 여부, 소비자의 니 즈를 파악하고 반영하려는 노력의 정도, 그리고 사내 디자인 인력수와 인프라 구축 정도 등이 기업의 서비스디자인 활용에 영향을 미치는 요인들로 파악되었다. 그리고 서비스디자인을 활용 하는 기업이 그렇지 않은 기업에 비해 디자인투자가 기업의 매출액, 고용, 생산성 등에 미치는 효과가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 향후 국내기업들의 혁신역량을 제고하기 위해 서비스디자인 활용을 보다 적극적으로 도입하기 위한 인프라 구축 및 정책적 지원이 필요함을 시사한다.

The tendency of servicification is shifting the foundation of industry from technology and suppliers to humans and consumers. As a result, innovation requires new perspectives based on demand side by grasping the behaviors of customers, and service design is attracting attention as an alternative for innovation. This study analyzes what factors prompt an enterprise to use service design and how service design affects firm performance, using survey data in Korea. It is shown that a firm is more likely to use service design if it has an independent design center, employs more designers, reflects customer needs better, and has sufficient design personnel and design infrastructure. This result implies that rather than other innovation factors, direct spending on design is likely to lead firms to implement service design. Design investment has a significantly positive effect on both quantitative and qualitative performance. Furthermore, the effects of design investment on sales, employment, and productivity are greater in firms using service design than in firms that do not. Since our empirical analysis shows that service design has a positive effect on firm’s performance and innovation, government’s policy should focus on encouraging firm’s to apply service design in its management by establishing the infrastructure.

Street fashion is an embodied and mediated social practice that, like dance, the primary medium of the exchange of information is the body. At Seoul Fashion Week, street fashion has become a performance of sartorial acts of gender transgression. And when interpreted through Elaine Aston’s notion of feminist theater practice that utilizlizs the Brechtian dramatic tool of Verfremdung (“alienation”) to help the audience form a critical view of a social practice. According to Aston, there are three main forms of embodied, performed “display” in which feminist theater engages as a way of social critique: Over-Display, Under-Display, and Cross-gendered Display. This paper posits an additional one, called Code-Smashing Display, that is part and parcel of a unique form of Astonian, feminist theater practice that occurs within Korean street fashion as it is constructed as cultural text. Code-Smashing Display is the very currency of the socially conscious Verfremdung in which many frequently paepi engage and which seems to help define style within Korean street fashion as a transgressive social practice unto itself.

본 논평은 ‘SNS를 통한 영어 쓰기 활동에 초급자의 참여와 교육적 성과를 유도 하기 위한 학습 전략’에 대한 학술논문을 비평한 글이다. 해당 학술논문에서 교사 는 초급 학생들의 글쓰기 참여도를 향상시키기 위해 수업 모형을 만들어 제시하였 다. 교사는 다양한 시각적 자료를 제시해 학생들의 배경지식 및 영어쓰기에 필요한 전략을 학습시키고 카카오톡을 이용한 글쓰기 연습을 통해 그에 대한 인식 및 성 과 활동을 분석하였으며, 분석 도구로 설문조사 후 리커트 척도를 이용하였다. 그 러나 논문의 이론적 배경에 대한 설명이 모호하여 교사가 제시하는 전략을 뒷받침 하고 학습활동에 대한 결과를 분석하기에 부족한 점이 있다. 따라서 본 논평에서는 이론적 배경의 미흡한 부분을 밝히고, 해당 연구에 적합한 이론적 틀을 제시할 것 이다. 적절한 분석 도구로서 비고츠키(Vygostky)의 ‘활동이론(Activity Theory)’ 을 제안한다. ‘활동이론’은 학습활동을 주제로 하는 모든 연구의 유용한 분석 도구 로, 본 논평에서는 ‘활동이론’의 ‘활동체계(Activity System)’를 적용한 예시를 보 여줌으로써 해당 논문의 개선 방향을 제시할 것이다.

The purpose of this paper is twofold; first, to review the research paper entitled “A Strategy for SNS-based Writing Practice to Leverage Less Proficient Students’ Participation and Pedagogical Performance” written by Lee Kwang-Soon and Kim Bong-Gyu in 2014 and second, to suggest an appropriate theoretical framework for the research paper. In this paper, I start with reviewing the research by presenting the implications and limitations. The second part criticizes the theoretical background of the research and proposes to use Activity Theory as a suitable framework. With the application of the activity system to the research, the current critical review shows how useful Activity Theory in explaining the students’ mobile activities and analyzing the research findings.

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore clinical practice performance according to type of practice in students in pediatric nursing and the relationship with satisfaction of clinical practice. Methods: The subjects consisted of 531 nursing students (307 at a pediatric ward and 224 at a nursery) from 5 colleges of nursing. Data collected from March to June 2012 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, AVONA and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Clinical practice performance on direct nursing activity was significantly different according to the course on pediatric nursing, grade point average, and satisfaction of nursing major. Observation practice was different according to type of college, the course on pediatric nursing, grade point average, duration of practice and clinical educator in the pediatric ward. In the nursery, direct nursing activity was significantly different according to the type of college, the course on pediatric nursing, hospital type, and duration of practice. Observation practice was different according to type of college, satisfaction of a nursing major, and the clinical educator. In addition, significant correlations were found between clinical practice performance and satisfaction of clinical practice. Conclusion: Our research can assist effective pediatric nursing practice planning for nursing students.

본 연구는 조직의 리더십과 직무환경이 사회복지사의 실천수행에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 자료수집은 2019 년 7월 4일부터 30일까지 경기도 소재 사회복지시설 종사자를 대상으로 이루어졌으며, 연구의 목적에 동의한 205명의 자료를 수집⋅분석하였다. 연구결과 사회복지사의 실천수행에 영향을 미치는 요인은 결혼상태, 리더십(변혁적 리더십, 거래적 리더십), 직무환경(직무평가 공정성)으로 나타났으며, 리더십과 실천수행의 관계에서 직무환경이 매개효과를 갖 는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 사회복지사의 전문직 실천수행 역량을 향상시키기 위해서는 조직구성 원 성숙도에 따른 적절한 리더십 발휘와 더불어, 직무환경으로서의 직무평가에 대한 공정성을 증진시켜야 함을 논의하였다.

This study analyzed the effect that an organization’s leadership and work environment exerts on social worker’s practice performance. The survey for data collection was conducted from July 4th 2019 to July 30th, 2019 among employees of social welfare facilities located in Gyeonggi province. We analyzed the data from 205 participants who had agreed on the purpose of the study. The data analysis showed that the factors for social worker’s practice performance were found to be marital status, leadership (transformational leadership, transactional leadership) and work environment. On the other hand, work environment (fairness of job evaluation) was found to have a mediating effect in the relationship between leadership and practice performance. Based on the results, this study discussed the need for adequate leadership to be practiced by taking the maturity of the organization members into consideration so that social worker’s professional competence in practice performance can improve. As for work environment, it is imperative to increase the fairness in job evaluation.

본 연구는 학교사회복지 실습생의 실천수행능력의 수준이 어느 정도이고 이에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지를 알아내보기 위해 전국 57개교 112명의 실습생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과 학교사회복지 실습생의 실천수행능력 수준은 100점을 기준으로 할 때 약 69점인 것으로 나타나 동일한 척도를 활용하여 조사한 다른 사회복지실천현장 실습생의 실천수행능력보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 실습생 요인, 실습기관 요인과 슈퍼비전 요인이 실습생의 실천수행능력에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴본 결과 슈퍼비전 요인 중 실습 슈퍼바이저의 슈퍼비전 기능에 대한 실습생의 인식이 가장 크게 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 정기적인 슈퍼비전 시간의 유무가 그 다음을 이었다. 즉 슈퍼바이저의 슈퍼비전 기능에 대한 실습생의 인식이 긍정적일수록 그리고 실습생이 슈퍼바이저로부터 고정된 시간에 정기적으로 슈퍼비전을 받았을 때 실습생의 실천수행능력이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 실습현장에서 슈퍼바이저가 제공하는 슈퍼비전이 실습생의 실천수행능력의 습득에 매우 큰 영향을 미치고, 슈퍼비전이 일정한 시간에 정기적으로 제공될 때 실습생은 더 높은 수준의 실천수행능력을 키워나갈 수 있다는 사실을 시사해 주고 있다. 본 연구결과에 기초하여 학교사회복지 실습생의 실천수행능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 슈퍼비전과 실습지도 체계에 대한 제언을 제시하였다.

A survey was conducted with 112 students doing school social work field practicum in 57 different schools in order to find out their level of practice performance and factors that influence it. The study results revealed that the level of practice performance of students in school social work field practicum was around 69 when calculated with 100 as the base score which was higher than the score found in a study that used the same scale to assess the level of practice performance of students doing field practicum in other social work fields. When the effect of the students' individual factors, school factors and supervision factors were analyzed, only two variables from the supervision factors were found to be statistically significant. One was the perception of students toward the supervision functions performed by their field work supervisors which had the greatest effect while the other was the presence of regular supervision hours. Thus the more positive the students perceived the supervision functions performed by their supervisors and when the students received regular supervision at a set time, the higher became the students' level of practice performance. These results revealed the amount of influence the supervision provided to the students can have on their attainment of practice performance and that students could develop higher levels of practice performance when supervision is provided regularly. Implications of the results were explored in terms of measures that could be taken with regards to supervision that could help increase the level of practice performance of students in school social work field practicum.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a virtual reality (VR)-based self-directed practice program for indwelling catheterization on the practice immersion, performance confidence, and practice satisfaction of nursing students. Methods: A quasi-experimental study employing a non-equivalent control group pretest?posttest design was conducted with 59 nursing students. The experimental group (n = 26) performed VR-based, self-directed practice, while the control group (n = 33) conducted conventional mannequin-based practice. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations, independent t-test and the Mann?Whitney U test. Results: A significant group-by-time interaction effect was observed for performance confidence (Waldχ² = 6.88, p = .009), indicating a greater improvement in the experimental group. Practice immersion was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t = 2.31, p = .025). However, no significant difference was observed in practice satisfaction between the groups (Z = -0.07, p = .944). Conclusion: The VR-based self-directed practice program effectively enhanced performance confidence and practice immersion of nursing students. VR simulation is recommended as a valuable educational strategy to complement conventional mannequin-based practice in self-directed learning environments.

Immediately after the RussoJapanese War (19045), the city of Tokyo saw what historians call the “era of urban popular violence” during which a series of urban riots led by dissident activists against national and local authorities erupted until 1918 rice riots. Though scholars of this era have paid attention to media and culture to study the formation process of modern subjectivity in the emergent nationstate, they have tended to imagine urban populace at the extreme ends of manipulated mass or potential revolutionary. As a result, the dynamic negotiation between nonelite daily life practices and the modernizing state imperatives has not been sufficiently studied. By examining local news articles in Tokyo’s most entertainmentoriented media, Miyako shinbun, from the perspective of Michel de Certeau’s “practice of everyday life,” this paper explores the politicality of the local popular cultural practices. I argue that nonelite dwellers in late Meiji Tokyo were capable of intermittently creating their own space for their theatrical and violent actions while negotiating with the state and elite discourse and system that formulate them into the homogenously “civilized” Japanese.

日露戦争(1904~05)直後の東京では、国家や都市の権力層に対する大規模な 民衆暴動が1918年の「米騒動」まで頻発した。前世紀の歴史学では「都市民衆騒擾 期」とよばれたこの時代のメディアや文化の研究では、拡大する国民国家における近代 的な主体の形成過程が明らかにされている。そうした研究での「都市民衆」は、隷従的 国民大衆または潜在的革命勢力のいずれかとして位置づけられる傾向がある。結果とし て、非エリートの日常生活実践と近代国家による抑圧とのあいだの動的な交渉についての 研究は十分になされていない。本稿では、ローカルな民衆文化の実践がはらむ政治性を 提示するため、ミシェル･ド･セルトーの「日常生活実践」の視点から、東京の民衆向け 娯楽紙として知られた日刊紙『都新聞』の社会面を分析する。これにより、東京の非エ リート住民が、均一的に「文明化」した国民形成のために国家やエリート層が押しつける 言説や制度と交渉しつつ、パフォーマンスや暴力をふくむ日常生活実践のための独自の 空間をどのように形成していたかをあきらかにする。

본 연구는 호흡기감염에 대한 어린이집교사의 감염관리수행에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위한 서술적 조사연 구이다. 연구대상은 어린이집교사 432명으로, 자료수집은 2016년 7월 2일부터 8월 20일까지 진행되었다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 SPSS/WIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여, 기술통계, t-검정, 일원분산분석, 피어슨 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 하였다. 연구결과, 호흡기감염의 원인과 증상에 관한 지식, 간호지식, 감염관리수행과 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며, 어린 이집교사의 감염관리수행에 유의하게 영향을 미치는 요인은 간호지식(β=-.371, p<.001), 양육경험(β=-1.993, p<.001), 호흡기감염의 원인 및 증상에 관한 지식(β=.096, p<.001)이었으며, 이들 변수가 감염관리수행 변인의 43.4%를 설명하였 다. 이들 변수 중 감염관리수행에 가장 영향을 많이 미치는 변수는 간호지식이었다.

This purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing performance about practice of infections management by child care center teachers about respiratory tract infection. The participant were 432 teachers working in child care center. Data were collected from July 2 to August 20, 2015 through a self-report questionnaire survey. The data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program with descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression analysis. Knowledge about causes and symptom of respiratory tract infections(β=.096, p<.001),parenting experience(β=-1.993, p<.001), and nursing knowledge(β=-.371, p<.001) had significant positive effects on the practice of infection management. Explained variance for the practice of infection management was 43.4% and nursing knowledge was the most significant factor in the practice of infection management of child care center teachers.