Earticle

The electrification of modern energy systems relies heavily on lithium-ion batteries, yet their high energy density exacerbates thermal runaway (TR) safety risks. Traditional TR characterization is expensive, time-consuming, and reliant on post-mortem analysis. To enable design-stage safety screening, this study proposes a physics-informed machine learning framework utilizing the open Battery Failure Databank. We curated 309 experiments and used 11 pre-test variables to predict three complementary TR severity metrics: total energy yield, unrecovered mass, and positive-end ejecta energy fraction. Evaluating four tree-based models via 10-fold stratified cross-validation, Random Forest emerged as the best baseline across all targets. Results revealed a clear predictability gradient: total energy yield showed high determinism (R² = 0.93), unrecovered mass moderate predictability (R² = 0.57), and directional ejecta energy remained stochastic (R² = 0.30). This framework can help reduce reliance on destructive testing.

This work assesses the quality of Internet of Things data not only as an intrinsic quality on how well it represents the related phenomenon but also, on how much information it contains to educate an artificial entity. The quality metrics here proposed are tested with real datasets. Also, they are implemented on OpenCPU, so the open data repositories can use them off-the-shelf to rate their datasets without computational cost and minimum human intervention, making them more attractive to potential users and gaining visibility and impact.

The present study specifies the historical development of data sharing practices in three disciplines?oceanography, ecology, and genomics?along with the evolving progress of movements?e-Science, cyberinfrastructure, and open science?that expedite data sharing in more diverse disciplines. The review of these disciplinary data-sharing practices and the movements suggests opportunities and challenges that would serve as a basis for implementing data-sharing practices. The increasing need for large-scale and interdisciplinary research provides momentum for initiating data sharing. In addition, the development of data repositories and standards for metadata and data format facilitates data sharing. However, challenges need to be addressed, in regard to conflicting issues of patenting data, concerns about privacy and confidentiality, and informed consent that adequately enables data sharing. It is also necessary to consider the needs of the various stakeholders involved in data sharing to incentivize them to improve its impact.

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본 논문에서는 Open Government Data(이하 OGD) 제공 서비스를 위한 API 설계 및 구현 방 안을 다룬다. API를 제공하는 방식은 가장 많이 사용되는 RESTful 방식을 사용했다. OGD의 표현의 성숙도를 표현하기 위해 5-Star 모델을 사용하고, 구현기술인 RESTful API의 성숙도를 표시하기 위 해서는Richardson model 을 이용하였다. 5-Star 수준별 구현을 위해 사용할 수 있는 Richardson model의 수준들을 분석하였고 이들의 구현 방안도 제시 하였다.

In this paper, we discuss issues in designing and implementing an Application Programming Interface(API) for Open Government Data (OGD) service. To provide API, we used RESTful methods since it is most often used currently. For the maturity model in representing OGD, we used the 5-Star model and for the maturity model in implementation technology, we used Richardson maturity model. We then discuss issues in providing API for each level in 5-Star model by using levels in Richardson’s model. We also presented implementation methodology for each level in 5-Star model.

This study examines how the Korean government should prepare for changes in the ICT and data markets. The government is emphasizing openness and innovation as well as improving efficiency and effectiveness. It insists that the public sector, public policy, and public service need more open and innovative. An open government is an open governance system that observes and considers how the roles and behaviors of other actors in the state and society are changing, not just the situations that occur within the public sector. Because it is difficult to accurately define the social problems facing the government alone, it is necessary to cooperate with other entities outside the government by enhancing openness, transparency, and participation based on ICT. Standards are required to strengthen universality in technical aspects such as interoperability, and supporting standard service quality. These can be used in other countries for processes such as procurement, planning, and decision- making. By examining the historical evolution and preparation process of open government from e-government, this study tries to derive the essential elements for building a successful platform government in the future.

This paper presents how Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) technique can be used for open data analytics for a policy decision maker to support the policy impact evaluation using the example of Policy Compass, an EU research project. The practical usage example on drug policy shows the potential of FCMs as a policy impact modelling and decision support tool that can utilise the open data. Through the provision of a more intuitive and easier means of using open data based on FCM techniques, the Policy Compass project can play a critical role for both policy maker and lay public to evaluate the policy impact and prepare for future policy making.

The concept of open data together with the goals of e-government has made the establishment of an effective open data initiative one of the highest priorities of government organizations to date. This research investigates 28 open data use cases of South Korea as listed in its open data government portal. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of open datasets utilization in a technologically-advanced and well-developed nation and hopefully provide some useful insights on how open data is currently being used, how it is opening up new business, and more importantly, how it is contributing to the civic society by providing services to the public. Most open data cases started with developers accessing open data from the government and then creating an application that will feature the open dataset or API. Next, there applications are offered to the public through the website or mobile application portals.

본 논문은 디지털 기술의 발전으로 인해 가능해진 메타버스 환경에서 문화유산을 보존하고 전파하기 위한 새 로운 접근 방식을 제안한다. 메타버스는 현실과 가상 세계를 통합하는 공간으로 이를 통해 현실 세계의 박물 관과 비슷한 경험을 메타버스 환경에서 제공할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 기술은 사용자들에게 더욱 몰입적이고 상호작용적인 방법으로 문화유산을 탐구할 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 문화유산 공공데이터 소 스로부터 3D 모델을 추출하고, Unity 엔진을 사용하여 이러한 모델들을 통합하여 메타버스 박물관 환경을 개 발하는 방법을 다룬다. 공공데이터란 공공기관이 생성하거나 관리하는 데이터 또는 정보로서, 다양한 형태(텍 스트, 그림, 이미지, 비디오, 오디오 등)의 모든 데이터 또는 정보를 의미한다. 본 연구는 Unity를 활용하여 문 화재청에서 제공하는 3D 데이터를 활용한 메타버스 박물관을 구축하는 과정과 결과를 제시함으로써, 문화유 산 홍보와 교육을 위한 혁신적인 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 통해 사용자들은 문화유산을 더욱 다양하고 흥미로운 방식으로 체험하고 학습할 수 있으며, 메타버스를 통해 문화유산의 액세스와 보존을 증진시킬 수 있 는 가능성을 높일 것으로 예상된다. 미래사회에는 메타버스를 이해하고, 그 공간에서 소통하고 교류하면서 새 로운 콘텐츠를 만들어내는 능력이 필요하다.

This paper proposes a novel approach to preserving and disseminating cultural heritage in the metaverse environment made possible by the advancement of digital technology. The metaverse integrates the real and virtual worlds, enabling experiences similar to real-world museums within the metaverse environment. This technology provides users with more immersive and interactive means to explore cultural heritage. This study addresses the methodology for extracting 3D models from public cultural heritage data sources and integrating these models using the Unity engine to develop a metaverse museum environment. Public data refers to data or information generated or managed by public agencies, encompassing various forms such as text, graphics, images, video, audio, and more. By utilizing 3D data provided by the Cultural Heritage Administration, this research aims to construct a metaverse museum, showcasing the process and outcomes. Through this, users can experience and learn about cultural heritage in more diverse and interesting ways. It is expected that the metaverse will increase the possibility of improving access to and preservation of cultural heritage. Future society requires the ability to understand the metaverse and create new content while communicating and interacting in that space.

The development of modern society is intricately linked to data, which is regarded as a crucial resource for social and economic progress. The global push for government data transparency has garnered significant attention, with numerous countries actively promoting its utilization. In line with this trend, the Korean government has sought to improve public services through enhanced data accessibility. However, few companies are utilizing open government data (OGD). Thus, this study investigates the factors contributing to OGD adoption hesitancy by examining the perspectives of two primary stakeholder groups: the government and companies. Using social representation theory, we analyze news articles to reveal company perspectives and identify their reluctance to use OGD. The findings reveal 15 key thematic categories, highlighting significant differences in stakeholder perceptions. By exploring and comparing government and company perspectives, this study provides insights into the underutilization of OGD and proposes practical strategies to enhance its adoption. These recommendations are essential for effectively formulating and implementing policies, fostering greater business engagement, and driving economic innovation and growth.

National and local governments around the world have been allowing access to administrative data to increase transparency, motivate civic engagement of citizens, and improve collaboration between the public and the government. This study reviews and classifies existing literature on open government data (OGD). To create a structure to organize the existing studies, the researchers devised a framework based on socio-technical theory and summarized the significance of studies along four major points: (1) readiness, (2) implementation, (3) emerging effects, and (4) actors of open data. Studies in OGD have been growing steadily in the recent years because of the rapid development of adoptable technologies that have enabled easier access to government data. Nonetheless, an examination of existing research not only shows a disparity in research and development of OGD across countries in the Open Government partnership program but also reveals pertinent issues that have arisen in different stages of the OGD initiative. The growing number of studies and expanding body of knowledge show the importance of organizing existing literature. This step is timely and significant to map out the current breadth and depth of OGD research. According to existing research, current open governments fall short in encouraging citizen participation and collaborations among citizens and the government. This study pointed out how studies on OGD actors might be the reason as well as the solution to existing findings. This paper aims to provide a framework for organizing OGD studies, present the status of OGD research, and provide recommendations on current gaps that must be addressed.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to evolve as applied to all aspects of life, such as Finance, Healthcare, and Education. However, advances in AI still depend on the availability and equal access to data worldwide. The Foundation for AI Rights and Equity of Education & Healthcare (FAIREEH) is a non-profit organization that aims to make AI equitable and available to all humanity, while facilitating ethical and data-driven innovation. FAIREEH is based on the principle that all people have a right to AI knowledge, tools, and data. Recently, FAIREEH has created a synthetic data initiative to address the data imbalance in worldwide data distribution. The organization is developing easily accessible and privacy-preserving datasets made of synthetic data in various fields and for various applications, such as image classification, image detection, EEG impression data, etc. The initiative bridges the digital divide and empowers researchers and institutions from under-resourced environments to make meaningful contributions to global AI development.

This study first compares the related policies of OECD, EU, USA, and South Korea. Second, policy implications for South Korea will be derived from the comparison results. Through these discussions, the author examined the problems and policy directions in opening and utilizing the government data. And in an attempt to examine the problems of open government data based on the current status of South Korea, the author examined the related problems of open government data including the increase/decrease by three subcategories; the step by step status of provided data format; the status of government data opening by provider; the status of government data opening by category; the ratio of use cases to the number of cases provided; the relationship between information and content areas in the public sector and data reuse, and the reasons for not using open government data. Through this study, it is necessary to clarify obvious beneficiaries of the open government data initiative that can meet the demand of the citizen. First, the right to use open government data should be guaranteed. Regulations related to the protection of privacy information are necessary. And it is also necessary to open judicial records to the public.

There have been exciting advancements in the fields of computer vision with the development of data analysis techniques and computational efficiency. In this project, we have built a user-friendly image processing tools using the tkinter libraries in Python by defining functions for each computer vision method and implementing pre-processing, filtering, feature extraction, and clustering on images collected from various fields such as environmental sciences, medical sciences, and mobilities. We have sought to assess the utility of automated image processing software to improve image classifiers even by nonprofessionals with no coding and no machine learning expertise. Thus, this program can be easily utilized by researchers without programming experience. This program can be used for various purposes by scholars in various fields such as education, environmental sciences and medicine.

한국은 공공데이터 관리를 위한 표준화된 체계를 구축하였지만, 중국은 국가 차원의 종합적인 공공데이터 법체계가 미흡한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 한국의 「공공데이터법」과 중국의 「저장성 공공데이터 조례」를 비교, 분석하고 시사점을 도출하여 중국 국가 차원 공공데이터 관련 법제 제정 시 고려사항을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구 결과는 중국이 공공데이터관련 법률 제정 시 한국의 성공적 사례에서 인사이트를 도출하고 국가적 여건을 고려할 수있으며, 중국 성(省)급 지방정부의 성과를 정리하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. 공공데이터 관리에 관한 적절한 법률 제정이 중국의 디지털 정부 발전을 더욱 앞당길 수 있기를 기대한다.

In this study examines the legal framework governing public data in Korea and China, comparing the legislation on public data in Korea with that of Zhejiang Province, China. South Korea has established a standardized system for managing public data, while China lacks a comprehensive national-level legal framework. The regulations on public data in Zhejiang Province serve as an illustrative example of local-level regulations in China. The research findings suggest that when formulating laws concerning public data, it would be beneficial for China to consider its national conditions, draw insights from South Korea's successful experience, and summarize the achievements made by Chinese provinces. It is hoped that enacting appropriate legislation on public data management can further advance China's development of digital government.

최근 공공데이터를 활용하는 이용자의 범위가 전문가부터 학생, 정부 관계자, 일반 시민까지 확대됨에 따라, 공공데이터포털의 역할도 변화하고 있다. 과거의 포털은 단순한 데이터 저장소(Data Repository)로서의 역할에 치우쳐 시민의 참여를 통한 데이터 활용을 높이는 데에는 다소 소홀하였다면, 현재는 이용자가 적극적으로 데이터를 활용할 수 있도록 이해·협업·공유 가치에 방점을 두는 추세이다. 이러한 사회적 흐름에 부응하기 위해 공공데이터포털은 시민의 참여를 장려할 수 있는 이용자 중심의 서비스 개선 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 공공데이터포털에 시민참여를 위한 주요 기능을 규명하고 현재 운영 중인 공공데이터포털 이용자 서비스의 현황을 분석하여 그에 따른 개선방안 제시를 최종 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저, 문헌 조사를 통해 시민참여를 위해 포털 서비스에서 제공되고 있는 기능들을 조사하고 분류하여 이용자 서비스 유형을 도출한 후, 이를 기준으로 국내외 공공데이터포털 이용자 서비스 현황을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 공공데이터포털이 제공하는 이용자 서비스의 문제점과 방향성에 대한 시사점을 도출한 후 시민참여를 위한 이용자 중심의 공공데이터 포털 서비스 개선방안을 제안하였다.

Recently, as the range of users utilizing open data has expanded from experts to students, and general citizens, the role of open data portals has changed. In the past, portals have neglected to increase data utilization through citizen participation by focusing on the role of simple data repository, but now they tend to focus on understanding, collaboration and sharing values ??so that users can actively use data. To meet these social trends, open data portals need to seek ways to improve user-centered services that can encourage citizen participation. The purpose of this study is to identify the main functions for citizen participation in open data portals, to analyze the current status of open data portal user services and to suggest ways to improve them. Through the literature research, we investigated the functions provided by portal services for citizen participation, deduced the types of user services, and analyzed open data portal user services. Furthermore, we suggested user-centered public data portal services improvement plans for citizen participation.

과학에 대한 관심과 흥미를 유발하며 교육적 측면에서도 매우 중요한 과학인물 정보는 정보공유 및 연결을 통해 고부가가치를 높일 수 있는 콘텐츠이다. 본 연구에서는 과학인물 정보의 공유 및 활용을 통해 보다 풍부한 서비스를 제공하고자 최근 국내외에서 증가하고 있는 링크드 오픈 데이터(Linked Open Data, LOD) 구축 사례를 분석하였다. 이 분석결과를 반영한 효율적인 과학인물 온톨로지 설계 및 LOD 구축 방법을 제시하고 다양한 외부 자원과의 연계 방안 및 LOD 정보 활용 촉진 방안을 제시하였다.

The information of figures in science which could induce interest in science and have educational importance is the value-added content through information sharing and connectivity. In this study, we analyzed domestic and overseas cases of Linked Open Data(LOD) that are being increased recently in order to provide a better service through information sharing and utilization of scientific figures. We suggested an efficient scientific figures ontology and the method for LOD construction reflecting the results of the analysis. We also presented plans for the interlinking among various external resources and for promoting LOD information use.

최근 빅데이터와 인공지능과 같이 데이터를 기반으로 발전하는 ICT 기술이 일상생활 전반에 스며들고 있다. 이러한 변화는 공공데이터의 가치 제고와 공공데이터 포털에서 개방하는 공공데이터의 활용도를 높이는 계기가 되었다. 이에 따라 공공데이터 포털은 이용자의 참여를 활성화할 수 있도록 다양한 정보서비스를 제공할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 공공데이터 포털의 이용 활성화를 위해 공공데이터 포털에서 제공하는 정보서비스 유형을 정리하고, 이를 기준으로 국내외 공공데이터 포털 정보서비스의 현황을 분석하였다. 그리고, 분석 결과를 기반으로 향후 국내 공공데이터 포털 정보서비스의 개선방안을 제안하였다.

ICT technology, which develops based on data, has permeated our daily life. This change serves as an opportunity to enhance the value of public data and to increase the use of open public data provided in open data portals. Accordingly, open data portals need to provide a variety of information services to facilitate user participation. In order to promote the use of open data portals, this study categorized the types of information services provided by open data portals and investigated the status of information services of domestic and foreign open data portals. Based on the results, it suggests ways to improve the current services.

W3C(World Wide Web Consortium)에서는 DCAT(Data Catalog Vocabulary)이라는 RDF(Resource Description Framework) 기반의 메타 데이터 표준을 제시한 바 있고 세계 각국에 서 적용되고 있다. DCAT은 웹에서 발행된 데이터 카탈로그 간의 상호운용성 향상을 위해 설 계된 RDF 어휘로 W3C에서 2014년 웹 표준으로 권고 승인되었다. 상호운용성 및 통합성을 고 려할 때, 교통부문의 메타 데이터도 RDF 기반의 DCAT 형식을 채택하되, 교통데이터 특성에 맞게 수정 보완하는 것이 필요할 것이다. 교통데이터의 복잡한 관계를 이용자가 직관적으로 이해할 수 있도록 하는 데에 RDF 그래프 형태의 시각화가 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 에서는 RDF 기반의 메타 데이터 표준이 제정되고 광범위하게 사용되는 추세에 맞춰, 교통데이 터에서 나타내어야 하는 데이터 간의 관계를 RDF 그래프 형식으로 표현하기 위한 어휘를 개 발하고, RDF 그래프 형식으로 나타낸 데이터 맵을 예로 제시하였다. 본 연구결과는 DCAT 기 반의 교통 메타 데이터 구축의 방향을 제시하고, 복잡한 데이터 관계를 시각적으로 직관적으 로 이해하고 이용자가 필요한 데이터를 효율적으로 검색하는 데이터 검색시스템의 기반이 될 것으로 기대된다.

W3C enacted RDF(Resource Description Framework based DCAT meta data standard, which is world-widely accepted so far. To guarantee the inter-operability and integrity of data from various sources and even from various countries, it is considered that transportation meta data should also follow the DCAT standard. But still, to represent the transportation domain-specific features, it is necessary to define new properties and vocabularies in addition to the DCAT standard. This research identified the additional properties and vocabularies for transportation metadata, considering uniqueness of transportation data. The revised RDF schema and RDF graph proposed in this research should be able to lead the transportation open data platform revitalization.

기존 전시회 정보 제공 서비스는 전시회가 열리는 장소 주변의 관광지를 추천한다. 이러한 위치기반 추천의 경우 전시회의 내용과 관련이 없는 관광지를 추천할 수 있다는 한계점이 있다. 전시회 내용과 관련된 관광지를 관람객에게 추천함으로써 전시회에서 획득한 지식을 관광지에서 경험하는 데에 도움을 줄 필요가 있다. 전시회 큐레이터들이 전시회 내용과 관련된 관광지를 일일이 찾아 추천하는 방법이 있지만, 수작업이다 보니 큐레이터가 가지고 있는 배경지식의 범위 내에서만 추천이 가능하다는 한계점이 있다. 수작업에 따른 오류가 있을 수도 있기 때문에 자동화된 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 언어자원 빅데이터를 활용하여 전시회 내용과 관련된 관광지를 자동으로 추천하는 방법을 제안한다. 언어자원으로는 한국관광공사 LOD(Linked Open Data), 위키피디아, 국립국어원 사전 등을 활용했다. 단일 컴퓨터로는 이러한 대용량 언어자원을 효율적으로 처리하기 어렵기 때문에, 클라우드 컴퓨팅 프레임워크인 아파치 스파크(Apache Spark)에 기반하여 구현했다. 사용자가 웹브라우저를 통해 전시회 정보를 열람하면 본 알고리즘에 의해 추천된 관광지들을 같이 보여주는 웹인터페이스도 구현했다(http://bike.snu.ac.kr/WARP). 주요 전시회에 대한 관광지 추천 정확도에 대해 전문가 평가를 진행했다. 기존 방법에 비해 본 논문에서 제안한 방법의 정확도가 더 높았다. 본 연구를 활용하면 전시회 큐레이터의 수작업을 줄여줄 수 있고 전시회 관람자들을 관광지로 자연스럽게 유도할 수 있기 때문에, 전시산업과 관광산업 모두에게 도움이 될 수 있다.

Conventional exhibition management information systems recommend tourist attractions that are close to the place in which an exhibition is held. Some recommended attractions by the location-based recommendation could be meaningless when nothing is related to the exhibition’s topic. Our goal is to recommend attractions that are related to the content presented in the exhibition, which can be coined as content-based recommendation. Even though human exhibition curators can do this, the quality is limited to their manual task and knowledge. We propose an automatic way of discovering attractions relevant to an exhibition of interests. Language resources are incorporated to discover attractions that are more meaningful. Because a typical single machine is unable to deal with such large-scale language resources efficiently, we implemented the algorithm on top of Apache Spark, which is a well-known distributed computing framework. As a user interface prototype, a web-based system is implemented that provides users with a list of relevant attractions when users are browsing exhibition information, available at http://bike.snu.ac.kr/WARP. We carried out a case study based on Korean Tourism Organization Linked Open Data with Korean Wikipedia as a language resource. Experimental results are demonstrated to show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed system. The effectiveness was evaluated against well-known exhibitions. It is expected that the proposed approach will contribute to the development of both exhibition and tourist industries by motivating exhibition visitors to become active tourists.