Earticle

This study investigated how the persuasive effects of message framing (gain vs. loss) on behavioral intentions differ across behavior types (prevention vs. detection) and whether these effects are moderated by multitasking. Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that loss frames would be more effective for detection behaviors, while gain frames would be more effective for prevention behaviors. These effects were expected to diminish under multitasking conditions. A laboratory experiment was conducted with 100 Korean adults. Participants in the multitasking condition were instructed to play an online game on a computer while reading a message on another computer. The results revealed no significant main effects of message framing on intentions for either prevention or detection behaviors. However, as hypothesized, the greater effectiveness of loss frames compared to gain frames in promoting detection behaviors was observed under non-multitasking conditions, but this effect disappeared when multitasking was present.

멀티태스킹은 현대사회에서 불가피한 요소로 인식되지만, 그 남용은 정신적, 신체 적, 사회적 문제를 초래할 수 있다. 이 연구는 목회학적 관점에서 멀티태스킹 중독을 예방하고 회복하기 위한 전략을 탐구한다. 목회학은 기독교적 가치와 신앙을 기반으 로 한 실제 행동에 초점을 두는 학문 분야이다. 논문에서는 멀티태스킹 중독에 대한 이해, 예방을 위한 원칙, 회복을 위한 실천 방안에 대해 논의한다. 또한, 목회학적 관 점에서 개인과 사회의 변화를 위해 필요한 도덕적, 영적 자기관리 및 교회와 사회의 지원 역할에 대해 논의한다. 이 연구는 멀티태스킹 중독에 대한 이해와 목회학의 원 리를 통해 개인과 사회의 건강한 변화를 위한 실용적인 지침을 제공할 것이다. 연구자는 목회학 관점에서 멀티태스킹 중독 예방과 회복을 위한 방안으로 첫째, 성 경적 가치관 정립을 통해 제안했다. 둘째, 명상 기도를 통한 방안을 제안했다. 셋째, 커뮤니케이션 강화를 통한 방안이다. 넷째, 성결성 회복을 통한 방안이다. 다섯째, 지 역사회와 연대를 통한 방안이다. 이처럼 교회가 교회는 물론 교회 밖의 사회적 관계망을 형성하여 멀티태스킹 중독 예방과 회복을 위한 노력을 해야 한다. 지역사회에 위치한 중독 상담소와 MOU를 체 결하여 교회가 감당할 수 있는 인적 물적 자원을 지원하는 방안은 적은 예산으로 지 역사회에 희망을 주는 교회, 지역사회 미래를 선도하는 교회가 될 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 지역교회는 교회 내외의 전문가를 초청하여 멀티태스킹 중독 예방과 회복에 대한 세미나 등 다양한 섬김을 실천해야 한다.

Multitasking is recognized as an inevitable part of modern life, but its abuse can lead to mental, physical, and social problems. This study explores strategies for preventing and recovering from multitasking addiction from a pastoral perspective. Pastoral studies is an academic discipline that focuses on Christian values and practical behavior based on faith. The paper discusses the understanding of multitasking addiction, principles for prevention, and practices for recovery. It also discusses, from a pastoral perspective, the moral and spiritual self-care necessary for personal and societal transformation and the supportive role of the church and society. Through an understanding of multitasking addiction and the principles of pastoral care, this study will provide practical guidelines for healthy individual and societal change. From a pastoral perspective, the researcher suggests three ways to prevent and recover from multitasking addiction: first, through establishing biblical values; second, through meditation; and third, through enhanced communication. Third, strengthen communication. Fourth, through restoring holiness. Fifth, through community and solidarity. In this way, churches should make efforts to prevent and recover from multitasking addiction by forming social networks within the church and outside the church. One option is to sign an MOU with an addiction counseling center in the community to provide the human and material resources that the church can afford, so that the church can become a church that gives hope to the community and leads the future of the community with a small budget. In addition, local churches should invite experts from inside and outside the church to provide various services such as seminars on multitasking addiction prevention and recovery.

사람과 면대면 대화하는 상황에서 스마트 폰을 사용하는 모습은 생활현장에서 자주 목격 할 수 있는 미디어 소비 행동이지만, 이에 대한 학문적, 실증적 연구는 드물다. 이에 탐색적이 고 실증적 차원에서 면대면 대화 상황에서 스마트 폰이 얼마나, 어떻게 사용되는가를 주제로 하여 대학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시했다. 이 연구에서는 기술적 분석 외에도 평소의 스 마트 폰 이용행동이 면대면 커뮤니케이션 자리에서도 자동적으로 나타날 것이라는 ‘자동화 행동’ 가설(연구가설 1)과 아젠과 피쉬바인(Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980)이 제안한 행동태도 (attitude toward behavior) 개념을 가지고, 면대면 대화 상황에서 스마트 폰을 사용하는 행동에 대한 태도(행동태도)와 실제행동(실제 면대면 대화 상황에서 스마트 폰 사용빈도)간 에 관련이 있을 것이라는 ‘행동태도’ 가설(연구가설 2)을 제안하였다. 분석결과 응답자의 98%가 면대면 대화 상황에서 스마트 폰을 사용하긴 하지만, 무절제하 게 사용하기 보다는 만나는 상대가 누구인가와 어떤 시점 상황인가에 따라 제한적으로 사용 하였다. 검증결과 <가설 1>과 <가설 2>는 모두 지지되었다.

Although the phenomenon that people use smart phone in face-toface conversation is popular, academic research has not been accumulated. In this context, the researcher surveyed university students who frequently use smart phone during meeting friends in restaurant or in public. The research question is how much use smart phone and what is general purpose of using phone when conversing others. In addition, the researcher suggested two kinds of hypotheses. The first, automated action hypothesis that ordinary mobile phone activity will show up in f-t-f situation automated and ritually. The second is that attitude toward behavior of using smart phone will be related with the real action of mobile phone during f-t-f situations in terms of frequencies and general purposes. The study result was that 98 percents of samples used smart phone in f-t-f communicating situation . But they used phone restrictively within the limit of not rude of the other person. With this study, specific conditions and point of time which motivated using phone regardless of others were revealed. As result of data analysis, proposed hypotheses were supported totally.

Hyperspectral unmixing (HU) is crucial for extracting material information from hyperspectral images (HSI) obtained through remote sensing. Although linear unmixing methods are widely used due to their simplicity, they only address linear mixing effects. Nonlinear mixing models, while more complex, often focus solely on the nonlinear aspects affecting individual pixels. However, in practice, light reflected from materials within a pixel experiences linear and nonlinear interactions, necessitating a hybrid mixing model (HMM) that leverages spatial and spectral information. This work proposes a novel deep learning-based autoencoder (AE) with dual-stream decoders to enhance spectral unmixing. Our approach employs multitask learning (MTL) to process spatial and spectral information concurrently. Specifically, one decoder stream performs linear unmixing from HSI patches, while the other stream utilizes fully connected layers to capture and model the nonlinear interactions within the data. By integrating linear and nonlinear information, our method improves the accuracy of unmixing the mixed spectrum. We validate the effectiveness of our architecture on three real-world HSI datasets and compare its performance against various baseline methods. Experimental results consistently demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing methods, as evidenced by superior spectral angle distance (SAD) and mean squared error (MSE) metrics.

This study examined the effects of message consistency (vs. variation) across multiple ads, and the moderating role of media multitasking. Based on the capacity model of attention (Kahneman, 1973), we predicted that message consistency (vs. variation) across multiple ads could be more beneficial when audiences multitask. The present study examined the impact of message consistency and media multitasking on brand recognition in Experiment 1. Then, it examined the impact of message consistency and media multitasking on both cognitive and attitudinal outcomes in Experiment 2. Results of two experiments showed that the effect of message consistency on brand recognition was moderated by media multitasking such that the positive impact of message consistency on brand recognition was found when multitasking, but not when single-tasking. In terms of attitudinal outcomes (attitude toward the ad and attitude toward the brand), however, media multitasking did not moderate the impact of message consistency. The findings suggest that consistent advertising messages might be beneficial when multitasking; however, this might not hold when single-tasking. Because processing of consistent advertising messages would be more efficient compared to varied advertising messages, consistent advertising could be remembered better than varied advertising when consumers multitask. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

본 연구는 비대면학습 환경에서 간호대학생의 미디어멀티태스킹, 학습몰입과 자기조절학습전략 간의 관계를 파악 하고 자기조절학습전략 예측 요인을 규명하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 G광역시와 K시 두 개 대학 의 간호대학생 212명을 편의추출하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS WIN 23.0을 이용하여 변수 간의 상관관계는 Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, 자기조절학습전략 예측 요인은 단계적 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 비대면학습 환경에서 간호대 학생의 미디어멀티태스킹과 자기조절학습전략(r=.45, p<.001), 학습몰입과 자기조절학습전략(r=.59, p<.001), 미디어멀티 태스킹과 학습몰입(r=.32, p<.001)은 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 교우관계 만족도, 미디어멀티태스킹과 학습몰입은 자기조 절학습전략을 45% 설명하였다. 비대면학습 환경에서 간호대학생의 자기조절학습전략을 상승시키기 위해서는 교우관계 만족도, 미디어멀티태스킹과 학습몰입을 증진 시킬 수 있는 다양한 중재 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of self-regulated learning strategies among nursing university students. Data were collected from 212 nursing university students in G metropolitan city and K city. The SPSS WIN 23.0 version program was used for data analysis. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. There were significant correlations between media multitasking and self-regulated learning strategies(r=.45, p<.001), learning flow and self-regulated learning strategies(r=.59, p<.001), and media multitasking and learning flow(r=.32, p<.001). Friendship satisfaction, media multitasking and learning flow explained 45% of the variance for self-regulated learning strategies. To increase the self-regulated learning strategies among nursing university students, it is necessary to develop multiple interventions that enhance friendship satisfaction, media multitasking and learning flow.

본 연구는 정보처리이론의 제한 용량 모형(limited capacity model of information processing theory)과 미디어 멀티태스킹의 인지적 차원 모형(cognitive dimensional model of media multitasking)을 기반으로 미디어 이용자들이 빈번하게 이용하는 멀티태스킹 조합을 살펴보았다. 특히 감각기관의 간섭 유형에 따른 이용 빈도를 분석한 결과, 시청각+시각 > 청각+시각 > 시각+ 시각 > 시청각+시청각 > 시청각+청각 > 청각+청각 순으로 이용 빈도가 감소하였다. 예상대로, 감각기관의 간섭이 증가할수록 멀티태스킹 이용 빈도가 감소하는 경향이 발견되었다. 하지만, 시 청각+시각 또는 시청각+시청각 조합의 이용 빈도는 감각기관의 간섭이 있음에도 이용 빈도가 비교적 높게 나타났는데, 이는 시청각 매체의 경우 한 매체에서 청각요소를 제거하고(스마트폰 음소거) 다른 매체의 청각요소에만 주목(TV 소리)하는 방식으로 이용이 가능하기 때문일 수 있 다. 이러한 연구결과가 광고 효과 및 집행 실무에 지닌 함의를 논의하였다.

Based on the limited capacity model of information processing theory and the cognitive dimensional model of media multitasking, this study examined the frequently performed multitasking combinations. Combinations based on sensory interference suggested that the frequency of combinations was in the following order: audiovisual+visual > audio+visual > visual+visual > audiovisual+audiovisual > audiovisual+audio > audio+audio. Combinations such as audiovisual+visual or audiovisual+audiovisual were performed frequently despite high sensory interference, and this might be because media users could avoid the audio element (e.g., smartphone mute) and focus on the visual element (e.g., smartphone text). The implications for advertising effects and execution are further discussed.

본 연구는 정보통신정책연구원(KISDI) 한국 미디어 패널 조사의 2015년 미디어 다이어리 자료를 분석하여 미디어 이용자들이 빈번하게 사용하는 멀티태스킹 조합을 살펴보는 동시에 시간대별 이용 패턴을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 자주 사용되는 멀티태스킹 조합은 (1) TV-스마트폰 (2) 컴퓨터-스마트폰 (3) 오디오-스마트폰 등으로 나타났다. 이러한 조합의 출현 빈도는 시간대별로 차이가 있었는데, 1) 아침 시간대에는 TV-스마트폰, 오디오-스마트폰, 컴퓨터-스마트폰 순으로, 2) 낮 시간대에는 컴퓨터-스마트폰, TV-스마트폰, 오디오-스마트폰 순으로, 3) 밤 시간대에는 TV-스마트폰, 컴퓨터-스마트폰, 오디오-스마트폰 순으로 조합의 빈도가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 통합적 마케팅 커뮤니케이션(integrated marketing communication) 및 크로스 미디어 광고(cross-media advertising) 전략에 중요한 실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

This research analyzed the Korea Media Panel 2015 Media Diary Study Data collected by KISDI (Korea Information Society Institute). Based on the data, we analyzed the most frequent media multitasking combinations by time of day. Results showed that the most frequent multitasking combinations were (1) TV-smartphone, (2) PC-smartphone, and (3) Audio-smartphone. In the morning, users performed (1) TV-smartphone, (2) Audio-smartphone, and (3) PC-smartphone; in the afternoon, users performed (1) PC-smartphone, (2) TV-smartphone,, and (3) Audio-smartphone; and in the evening, users performed (1) TV-smartphone, (2) PC-smartphone, and (3) Audio-smartphone multitasking. These results have important strategic implications for integrated marketing communication and cross-media advertising.

종래의 미디어 멀티태스킹 개념을 확장하여, 이 연구에서는 두 매체는 물론 한 매체 내에서 두 종류의 콘텐츠를 동시에 이용하는 행동으로 정의했다. 이용과 충족 관점에서 소비자의 어 떤 심리적 동기가 강할 때 미디어 멀티태스킹 행동이 활발해지는가를 탐색하는데 일차적 목 적을 두었다. 동기목록은 이용과 충족 연구에서 제시된 기능별 동기(정보, 오락, 습관, 관계 동기) 외에 매체별 이용동기(TV동기, 신문/잡지 동기, 인터넷동기, 휴대폰 동기)를 추가로 구 성했다. 복수 매체의 동시 소비라는 점을 감안하여 매체별 동기의 역할을 조망코자 한 것이 다. 한, 미 대학생을 대상으로 설문조사한 결과 미디어 멀티태스킹이 가장 활발한 매체조합은 디 지털 콘텐츠를 중심으로 한 ‘디지털 멀티태스킹’으로 나타났다. 한국은 모든 기능별 동기가 다양하게 편재되어 있는 반면 미국은 오락과 습관 동기가 강하게 작용했다. 매체별 동기 중 에서는 휴대폰 동기가 지배적 요인으로 나타났다. 기능별, 매체별 동기 중 유의한 변인을 종 합하여 판별분석한 결과 휴대폰 동기가 가장 설명력이 큰 변인으로 판명되었다. 다만, 한, 미 간 결과는 다소 상이해서, 문화권별 차이와 특징도 파악할 수 있었다.

In order to develop the definition of media multitasking(MM), the researcher defined MM as engaging in multiple media activities simultaneously, including multiple windows on a single media platform and/or multiple media. In the context of Uses & Gratification research, the researcher studied the relationship motivations of consumers with MM behavior. This paper suggested two kinds of motivation list; functional motivations (information, entertainment, habit, and social communications) and motivations for specific media(TV, newspaper/magazine, internet, and mobile phone). Using survey data collected in Korea and USA, this study found that all kinds of functional motivations have influence on MM in Korea, but entertainment and habitual motivations are more powerful on MM in USA. Finally, through the discriminant analysis, motivation of mobile phone was verified as the most important variable in MM including all countries. But also, the researcher found simultaneously detailed different phenomenon by cross cultural circumstances. So, the implications of these findings are discussed.

아두이노는 소형 마이컴으로 다양한 산업에 사용되고 있으며 특히, 오픈소스 하드웨어 IoT 디바이스로 널리 사용되 고 있다. 아두이노의 멀티태스킹 방식은 크게 수퍼루프 타이밍과 RTOS 쓰레드 방식으로 나뉘며 수퍼루프 타이밍 방식은 구현이 단순하고 이해하기 쉽다는 장점이 있지만 하나의 작업이 길어지면 다음 작업의 실행에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 단점을 가진다. 또 RTOS 쓰레드 방식은 다른 작업시간에 영향을 받지 않고 실행할 수 있다는 장점을 갖지만 소형 마이컴인 아두이 노는 쓰레드의 개수가 늘어나면 쓰레드의 컨텍스트 스위칭타임으로 수퍼루프 타이밍 방식에는 없는 부가 시간이 발생하는 단점이 있다. 본 논문은 이와 같은 서로 다른 특징들을 분석하기 위하여 아두이노 우노 R3와 FreeRTOS를 사용하였으며 실험을 위한 태스크는 빌트인 LED 포트에 8000번의 디지털 신호를 보내도록 작성하였다. 같은 크기의 태스크를 두 방식으로 실행하면 수퍼루프 방식이 FreeRTOS 멀티태스킹 보다 3ms 빠른 실행을 보인다. 여러 개의 태스크를 동시에 실행하면 수퍼 루프 방식의 태스크는 순차 실행으로 첫 태스크와 마지막 태스크의 실행시간 차가 크게 나타나며 FreeRTOS 방식은 모두 중첩되어 동시에 실행 가능하지만 30ms 정도의 컨텍스트 스위칭타임의 실행 시간지연이 발생한다.

Arduino is a small microcomputer that is used in a variety of industry fields and especially is widely used as an open source hardware IoT device. The multi-tasking method of Arduino is divided into super loop timing and RTOS thread method. The super loop timing method is simple and easy to understand. However, when one task is long, it affects the execution of the next task. In addition, RTOS threading has the advantage of being able to run without being influenced by other work time. However, Arduino, a small microcomputer, has a disadvantage in that, when the number of threads increases, the context switching time of the thread causes additional time not included in the super loop timing method have. In this paper, we use Arduino Uno R3 and FreeRTOS to analyze these different features, and the task for the experiment is to send 8000 digital signals to the built-in LED port. If two tasks of the same size are executed, the super loop method executes 3 ms faster than FreeRTOS multitasking. If multiple tasks are executed simultaneously, superloop type task is sequential execution and difference in execution time between first task and last task is large. FreeRTOS method can be executed concurrently, but execution time delay of about 30 ms occurs in context switching time.

Due to the rapid performance improvement of smartphones, multitasking on mobile platforms has become an essential feature. Unlike traditional desktop or server environments, mobile applications are mostly interactive jobs where response time is important, and some applications are classified as real-time jobs with deadlines. When interactive and real-time jobs run concurrently, memory allocation between multitasking applications is a challenging issue as they have different time requirements. In this paper, we study how to allocate memory space when real-time and interactive jobs are simultaneously executed in a smartphone to meet the multitasking requirements between heterogeneous jobs. Specifically, we analyze the memory size required to satisfy the constraints of real-time jobs and present a new model for allocating memory space between heterogeneous multitasking jobs. Trace-driven simulations show that the proposed model provides reasonable performance for interactive jobs while guaranteeing the requirement of real-time jobs.

Because of heavy media multitasking and the possibility of youngsters with current smart and handheld mobile computing devices, many controversies exist on the effects of media multitasking on an individual’s learning and behavior. To analyze the effects of media multitasking on youngsters, we have applied eye tracking technology to see their switching patterns between a primary task and interference ones. We also observed their performance given the task of taking an e-learning course while interference media such as web surfing and chatting were available. The analysis results show that frequent task switching occurs in High Media Multitasking (HMM) groups, and their performance was far below that of Low Media Multitasking (LMM) groups in the task of taking an e-learning course. From these results, it can be said that media multitasking definitely interferes with the primary tasks performance, and needs to be avoided for better performance.

인간은 동시에 두 가지 이상의 주제에 대한 정보를 찾거나 정보시스템을 검색할 때 다중작업 행위에 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 여러 정보 작업을 처리할 때는 한 번에 복수의 작업을 처리하는 데 인지적/신체적 한계가 있으므로 우선순위를 정해야 한다. 다중작업 행위에 수반되는 인지적 주의(Cognitive Attention) 수준은 정보 작업의 복잡성과 중요성에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 현상에 대한 이해를 두 가지 측면에서 도모하기 위함이다: (a) 사람들이 여러 작업에 대한 정보를 찾기 위해 정보검색시스템과 상호 작용할 때 인지적 주위와 정보 작업 우선 순위 행위의 관계; (b) 사람들이 여러 작업에 대한 정보를 찾기 위해 정보검색 시스템과 상호 작용할 때 인지적 주의 의 정도가 정보 작업 우선순위 행위에 미치는 영향. 다양한 관련 문헌조사를 통해 사람들이 여러 작업에 대한 정보를 찾기 위해 정보검색시스템과 상호 작용할 때 집중 정도가 여러 정보 작업의 우선순위를 지정하는 방식에 영향을 미 친다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 또한 사람들이 자신이 관심을 갖고 있거나 기분이 좋거나 중요하다고 판단한 것에 더 많 은 집중을 기울이는 것을 알 수 있다. 다중 작업에 대한 개념적 이해를 바탕으로 인간 중심 시스템 설계에 대해 논하 고자 한다.

Humans have been shown to engage in multitasking behavior when searching for information on two or more topics or searching an information system at the same time. When processing multiple information tasks, priorities must be established as there are cognitive and physical limitations in processing multiple information tasks at once. The level of cognitive attention involved in multitasking behavior can vary depending on the complexity and importance of the information task. The objectives of this study are to understand: (a) the relationship between attention and information task prioritization behavior when people interact with information retrieval systems to find information for multiple tasks; (b) The effect of the degree of attention on information task prioritization behavior when people interact with an IR system to find information for multiple tasks. A review of the relevant literature shows that when people interact with information retrieval systems to find information for multiple tasks, their level of attention affects how they prioritize multiple information tasks. It should be noticed that people pay more attention to things they find interesting or important. Human-centered system design based on a conceptual understanding of multitasking is discussed.

최근 스마트폰의 성능이 급격히 향상되고 모바일 플랫폼에서 백그라운드 앱의 실행이 늘면서 모바일 환경의 멀티태스킹이 활성화되고 있다. 모바일 환경에서는 종래의 데스크탑 및 서버 응용들과 달리 응답시간이 중요한 대화형 작업들이 대부분을 차지하고 있으며, 일부 응용은 데드라인이 존재하는 실시간 작업에 해당된다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 폰에서 실시간 작업과 대화형 작업이 동시에 실행될 때 메모리 관리를 어떻게 함으로써 이질적인 멀티태스킹 환경의 요구사항을 충족할 수 있는지에 대해 연구한다. 본 논문에서는 실시간 작업의 요구 조건 만족을 위해 필요한 메모리 크기를 분석 및 모델링하고 이에 기반해서 멀티태스킹 작업 간의 메모리를 할당하는 방안을 제안한다. 이종 앱의 스토리 지 접근 트레이스를 추출하고 이에 기반한 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 기법이 실시간 작업의 요구를 일정 수준으로 보장 하면서 대화형 작업에 합리적인 성능을 제공함을 확인하였다.

Recently, due to the rapid performance improvement of smartphones and the increase in background executions of mobile apps, multitasking has become common on mobile platforms. Unlike traditional desktop and server apps, response time is important in most mobile apps as they are interactive tasks, and some apps are classified as real-time tasks with deadlines. In this paper, we discuss how to meet the requirements of heterogeneous multitasking in managing memory of real-time and interactive tasks when they are executed together on a smartphone. To do so, we analyze the memory requirement of real-time tasks, and propose a model that has the ability of allocating memory to multitasking tasks on a smartphone. Trace-driven simulations with real-world storage access traces captured by heterogeneous apps show that the proposed model provides reasonable performance for interactive tasks while guaranteeing the requirement of real-time tasks.

This study examined whether Internet-based multitasking facilitates informationgain by allowing users to seek additional information online. Study 1, using survey data,suggested that TV-Internet multitasking increased information gain, whereas TV-print mediamultitasking reduced it. In addition, online information seeking mediated the effect of TV-Internet multitasking on information gain. Study 2, using experimental data, con?rmed thedifferential effects of TV-Internet multitasking and TV-print multitasking on informationgain. The theoretical and practical implications of these ?ndings are further discussed.

${\beta}$-Catenin is an evolutionally conserved protein which orchestrates myriad biological processes by regulatingWnt signaling and cell adhesion. The importance of the dual roles of ${\beta}$-catenin protein (signaling and structural) is highlighted throughout the development and adult life of all metazoan animals. ${\beta}$-Catenin is located in the cadherin-based adherent junctions in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells; uponWnt activation, it accumulates and translocates to the nucleus in order to activate transcription. Thus, mutations in ${\beta}$-catenin and the components of the Wnt signal transduction pathway underline the aberrant activation of Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling in human diseases and cancers. In this review, we briefly summarize the core functions of ${\beta}$-catenin relevant to Wnt signaling and adhesion and introduce the additional and novel role of ${\beta}$-catenin related to the regulation of RiboNucleoAcid (RNA) metabolism. Such multiple functions of ${\beta}$-catenin can be understood by examining its structure and complex with the plethora of interacting proteins. Also, molecular evolution analysis has been used to understand the origin of multifunctionality of ${\beta}$-catenin.We will also discuss the newly identified role of ${\beta}$-catenin as an RNA-binding protein and as a regulator of RNA stability and splicing. It is hoped that future research will shed light on any unexpected findings by clarifying the RNA-mediated mechanism of ${\beta}$-catenin and the implication to Wnt-regulated pathogenesis.

This study examined the role of task relevance in multitasking effects. Based on the capacity model of attention (Kahneman, 1973) and the cognitive dimensional framework of media multitasking (Wang, Irwin, Cooper, & Srivastava., 2015), we predicted that relevant multitasking (i.e., a multitasking combination composed of two relevant tasks) would result in greater information gain compared to irrelevant multitasking (i.e., a multitasking combination composed of two irrelevant tasks). Study 1 compared three conditions: non-multitasking (video newscast only), irrelevant multitasking (video newscast and unrelated text news), and relevant multitasking (video newscast and related text news). The results showed that the relevant multitasking did not reduce information gain (compared to the non-multitasking condition), whereas irrelevant multitasking did. Study 2 compared two conditions: irrelevant multitasking (video newscast and text news in a different order) and relevant multitasking (video newscast and text news in the same order). Study 2 also found that relevant multitasking resulted in greater information gain than irrelevant multitasking. The results of two studies suggest the beneficial effect of relevant multitasking.

As far the current severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), respiratory disease is still the biggest threat to human health. In addition, infectious respiratory diseases are particularly prominent. In addition to killing and clearing the infection pathogen directly, regulating the immune responses against the pathogens is also an important therapeutic modality. Sirtuins belong to NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylases. Among 7 types of sirtuins, silent information regulator type-1 (SIRT1) played a multitasking role in modulating a wide range of physiological processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, cell apoptosis, autophagy, antibacterial and antiviral functions. It showed a critical effect in regulating immune responses by deacetylation modification, especially through high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a core molecule regulating the immune system. SIRT1 was associated with many respiratory diseases, including COVID-19 infection, bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, and so on. Here, we reviewed the latest research progress regarding the effects of SIRT1 on immune system in respiratory diseases. First, the structure and catalytic characteristics of SIRT1 were introduced. Next, the roles of SIRT1, and the mechanisms underlying the immune regulatory effect through HMGB1, as well as the specific activators/inhibitors of SIRT1, were elaborated. Finally, the multitasking roles of SIRT1 in several respiratory diseases were discussed separately. Taken together, this review implied that SIRT1 could serve as a promising specific therapeutic target for the treatment of respiratory diseases.

This study examined the demographic, psychological, and cultural predictors of (a) media multitasking in general, (b) information seeking while media multitasking, and (c) information sharing while media multitasking. A survey of 698 adults showed that females, and individuals high in sensation seeking, neuroticism, openness, and polychronicity tend to multitask more. For information seeking while multitasking, younger adults, females, and individuals high in neuroticism, extraversion, and polychronicity tend to seek information while multitasking. For information sharing while multitasking, younger adults, females, and individuals high in neuroticism, openness, extraversion, and polychronicity tend to share information while multitasking.