Earticle

Thanks to the rapid development of Korean and Chinese language education, as well as translation education， the quality of Korean-Chinese translations has greatly improved. Misuses of lexical items and grammar were significantly reduced. Nevertheless, awkward and esoteric translations can still be easily found expecially in text level. In spite of having lots of text-centered, or text-linguistics views in translation theories, it is still difficult to find many practical studies in translation evaluations or translations practise using them. This paper is intended to apply such text-linguistics perspective to translation studies of Korean-Chinese. This paper sees translationese in text level as an linguistics phenomenon caused by the missing of textualities during translation. So the first task was to classify the textualities actually functioned in Korean and Chinese Translation and find out the differences between these two languages. Textualities was grouped into Micro level(Micro-structure) and Macro level(Macro-structure). And this paper focused on the Micro level which included re-acceptance, connection, tense and phase. And with a lot of example sentences, this paper demonstrated the possibility and necessity of a text-linguistic approach in translation researches, and should be helpful to improve the quality of Korean-Chinese Translations.

고대 제철 공정에서 원광석 내의 철과 기타 광물의 분리가 원활하게 이루어질 수 있도록 조재제를 첨가하는 경우가 많다. 하지만 조재제 첨가 유무를 판단할 수 있는 정확한 기준이 될 만한 자료가 부족한 실정이다 . 따라서 본 연구에서는 조재제 첨가에 따라 달라지는 슬래그의 재료학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 제련 실험을 진행하였다. 총 3차례 진행된 실험에서 산출된 슬래그의 미세조직을 관찰하고 성분을 분석하였다. 1차 실험은 조재제를 첨가하지 않았으며, 산출된 슬래그의 전철량은 39.45~52.94 wt%로 확인되었다. 조재제를 첨가한 2, 3차 실험에서는 34.89∼38.92 wt%로 감소하였다. 미세조직 분석 결과 2, 3차 실험에서는 철산화물 이외에 Gehlenite, Hercynite와 같은 CaO 화합물이 나타난다. 비금속개재물 성분 간 비율을 비교한 결과, 1차 실험의 유리질바탕의 CaO/SiO2 값이 0.42를 기준으로, 이보다 높을 경우 조재제를 첨가하였을 것으로 판단된다. Al2O3/SiO2-CaO/SiO2 비교 분석한 결과, Al2O3-SiO2 비율은 유사한 제련공정 시스템(원광, 노벽, 연료)을 판단하는 지표로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

In the ancient iron-making process, a slag former was often added so that iron and other minerals in the ore could be smoothly separated. However, there are insufficient data for judging whether a slag former was added. Thus, in this study, we conducted a smelting experiment to understand the material characteristics of a steel structure that differeddepending on the addition of a slag former. It was found that the steel structure produced in the first experiment had a total Fe content of 39.45-52.94 wt%, which decreased to 34.89-38.92 wt% in the second and third experiments. CaO compounds such as calcite, gehlenite, and hercynite appeared, in addition to iron oxides, after the addition of a slag former. As a resultof an assessment of whether a slag former was added by comparing the ratio between the components, it was found that the ratio of CaO/SiO2 was 0.42. From a comparative analysis of Al2O3/SiO2 and CaO/SiO2, it was judged that the ratio of Al2O3 and SiO2 can be utilized as an index to judge similar systems of smelting process (ore, furnace wall, and fuel).

This research is a pioneering work about assignment that is carried out as Korean studies project. The result of this study will combine the personality of Korean studies and social science into a special form. According to the recent tendency of Korean language study the technical terms needed for teachers and investigator making clear scientific study. Based on the personality of this science and established sphere of lemma in poly science, researchers called this Korean Studies. Researchers marked both morphological and methodological sides of the dictionary and descriptive mode of lemma before considering categories at the theoretical level and practical stratigraphy in the microstructure of this encyclopedia. It also include minor domains such as authentic information and usage. Specifically, when writers describe standard language, they have to arrange relevant entry words according to political necessity and as an authentic teaching method. In the case of foreigners learning Korean language as an educational object, it is considered in public language section. Korean language educational science has system which is included the wide scope from educational policy, course of instruction, teaching material, teaching method, assessment to the relevant basis studies. Just use educational basis and refer it as the inner circle and the outer circle as educational policy and so on. Inner depth is detected as proceeding to seeking the center. Investigators find core section(lexeme) if they enter deeply in each domain. This encyclopedia is constructed through these process. Researchers referred to foreign language education dictionaries and analyzed those structure. Entry word category is deeply examined in the basis study when researchers think about how to describe a lemma. Because this encyclopedia is suited for environment of users, the final will be developed to electronic dictionary as well as paper dictionary. In conclusion, researchers found that microstructure of this encyclopedia make clear scientific results or point at issue. Hereafter, there is remained of dividing off description methods at layers of lemma and finding description typology in entry word category. (Seoul National University)

As mechanical structures are minimized, the demand on micro dies and molds has increased. Machining complex 3D shapes requires fabrication procedures for preparing the electrodes. Micro electrical discharge milling using a simple shape electrode can produce 3D micro structure. In this paper the machining characteristics of micro electrical discharge milling according to depth of cut and capacitance are investigated. The machining time is diminished when simple tool-paths and algorithms for changing the feedrate are applied. But a distorted bottom shape and a tapered wall shape are inevitable after machining. The distorted bottom shape and the taper angle of wall are reduced by finish machining.

Successive micro-scale V-grooves and a grid of pyramids were machined by elliptical vibration tufting (EVC) to investigate feasibility of using EVC as an alternative method of creating micro-molds to photo-lithography and electroforming, which have been commonly employed. An elliptical vibration grooving machine was developed which consists of two orthogonally-arranged piezoelectric actuators, a diamond cutting tool, and a motorized xyz stage. The micro-scale features were machined on materials of copper, duralumin, nickel, and hastelloy and it was found that EVC significantly reduces cutting resistance and prohibits generation of side burrs and rollover burrs, thus resulting in improving machining qualify of micro-molds in ail experimented workpiece materials.

Polishing processes are widely used in the glass, optical, die and semiconductor industries. Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) especially is becoming one of the most important ULSI processes for the 0.25m generation and beyond. CMP is conventionally carried out using abrasive slurry and a polishing pad. But the surface of the pad has irregular pores, so there is non-uniformity of slurry flow and of contact area between wafer and the pad, and glazing occurs on the surface of the pad. This paper introduces the basic concept and fabrication technique of the next generation CMP pad using micro-molding method to obtain uniform protrusions and pores on the pad surface.

이 논문에서는 시멘트를 전혀 사용하지 않고 결합재로서 플라이애쉬를 100% 사용한 알칼리 활성 콘크리트를 개발할 목적으로알칼리 활성화제의 화학적 변화에 따른 모르타르의 압축강도에 미치는 영향과 SEM/ EDS 및 XRD 등의 미세구조 분석을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 몰농도가 높을수록 초기강도에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었고, 압축강도의 크기에 비례하여 Si^4+ 및 Al^3+량이용출되었다. 또한 SEM 및 EDS로 조직을 분석한 결과 모르타르의 조직구조에 큰 영향을 미치는 성분은 Al 및 Si 성분이었고, XRD 분석결과 활성화제 성분차이에 따른 세기(intensity)의 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this paper is to develop the alkali-activated concrete which uses 100% fly ash as a binder without any cement. The compressive strength of the mortar was examined depending on the chemical change in alkali-activator through SEM and SEM/EDS observations and the XRD analysis. It was found from the test that the higher molar concentration induced the greater effect on the initial strength, and that Si^4+ and Al^3+ were eluted relative to the compressive strength of mortar. In addition, it was confirmed that Al and Si were determined to be most influential ingredients on the microstructural development of the mortar,and that the different ingredient of the activator was almost no change in solidity from the XRD analysis.

Microstructures of the lined ceramic layers were surveyed in the case of SiO2 usage as an additive. The use has induced in the formation of amorphous silicate compounds, mullite(2FeO·SiO2) and fayalite (3Al2O3·2SiO2), for the ceramic layers. Which contributes the increase of keeping time as the liquid phase, and improves the densification for the layer in the course of cooling procedure. As the results of composite analysis in the layer after heat treatment at 1,150 ℃ and 1,350 ℃, it can be proposed that a mechanism of solidification and densification progresses through four steps for the ceramic layer formation

The effect of micro surface structure on printing for printed electronics has been studied experimentally. The photolithography MEMS fabricationwass used to make a SU-8 molder which has micro structures on the surface, and the PDMS micro structure was fabricated by the PDMS molding method. In the aspect of printed electronics, we used silver paste conductive ink. We measured the surface energy variation on pillar microstructure. The microstructure was used to real printing experiment by a screen printing. We printed 1cm micro lines which have $30{\sim}250{\mu}m$ width, and checked the conductivity to sort out opened line pattern. Printability was defined by success probability of printed patterns and we found that the present microstructures improve the printability significantly.

초음파 속도를 이용한 콘크리트의 건전성 및 강도평가는 오랫동안 사용되어 왔으며, 현장조사에서 필수적이다. 콘크리트 내부의 공극률은 내구성 및 강도를 평가할 수 있는 주요인자이며, 초음파 진행에 방해가 되므로 공극률 변화에 따라 초음파 속도변화가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 공극률 모델을 이용하여 콘크리트 내부를 통과하는 초음파 속도 모델링을 수행하였으며 실험값과의 비교하였다. 또한 인장 및 압축 재하 시험과 동시에 초음파 속도를 측정하여 재하 하중비를 이용한 모델링을 수행하였다. 압축영역에서는 하중재하비 50% 수준까지 초음파 속도가 약간 증가하였으며, 최대하중에 근접할수록 급격한 속도의 감소가 발생하였다. 인장영역에서는 압축영역과 다르게 초기부터 초음파 속도가 상당히 변화하였다. 제안된 기법은 콘크리트의 건전부 및 압축영역에서는 합리적인 결과를 보이고 있으며 인장영역에서는 미세균열 및 국소적인 골재치합을 고려한 보완이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

For a long time, evaluation of soundness and strength in concrete has been performed through ultrasonic velocity(UV), which is essential work in field assessment. Porosity in concrete is a major parameter indicating durability and strength, and UV passing concrete depends on porosity variation. In this paper, a modeling on UV through concrete is carried out considering porosity and the results are verified with those from test. Additionally UV in concrete under compression/tension loading condition is measured and UV modeling with loading condition is performed. Up to 50% of loading ratio, UV slightly increases and greatly drops at peak load in compression region, however it fluctuates in tensile region due to micro cracking in matrix. The proposed model shows a reasonable agreement with test results in control and compression region, and needs modification for tensile region considering micro cracks and local aggregate interlocking.

In order to find a residual stress in the micro-machined beam, first natural frequency of the beam that has the residual stress inside is analyzed using the Rayleigh's energy method. Micro gold electroplated structure is fabricated by surface micro-machining process. The made structure is clamped-clamped beam and its 1st natural frequency is measured by resonance method. For the better estimation of the residual stress, an equivalent length of micro-machined beam to ideal beam is calculated by FEM. The residual stress is estimated from the equivalent length and the measured natural frequency.

Sandwich structures, which are composed of a thick core between two faces, are commonly used in many engineering applications because they combine high stiffness and strength with low weight. Accordingly, the usage of sandwich structure is very widely applied to the aircraft, the automobile and marine industry, etc., because of these advantages. In this paper, we have investigated the buckling protection of an inner structure plate and the useful corrugated configuration for contact, and the fabrication method of the inner structure plate for large area using the continuous molding process. Also, we have guaranteed the accuracy of the molding process through the micro corrugated mold fabrication and secured the accuracy and analyzed aspect properties of the inner structure plate fabricated for a large area using the partial mold process. We have compared molding simulation according to the aspect thickness of the corrugated configuration with the molding experiment results.

A new polishing technique for three dimensional micro/meso-scale parts is suggested using a micro quill and a magnetic chain structure. The principle of this method is to polish the target surface with the collected magnetic brushes at a micro tool by the non-uniform magnetic field generated around the tool. In a typical magnetic abrasive finishing process magnetic particles and abrasive particles are unbonded each other. But, to finish the three dimensional small parts bonded magnetic abrasive have to be used. Bonded magnetic abrasives are made from direct bonding, and their polishing characteristics are also examined. Alumina, silicon carbide and diamond micro powders are used as abrasives. Base metal matrix is carbonyl iron powder. It is found that bonded magnetic abrasives are superior to unbonded one by experiment. finally, the polished surface roughness is evaluated by atomic force microscope.

본 연구에서는 거머리의 미세한 해부구조를 3차원적으로 분석 가능한 방사광의 경 엑스선 이미징을 통하여 객관적 분석법 및 생체모사기술 구축을 위한 기초자료를 구축하고자 하였다. 우리는 방사광을 이용하여 거머리의 미세 구조영상을 얻을 수 있었고, 3차원적인 해부학적 분석이 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한 방사광을 통해 얻은 데이터는 내부구조의 미세조직까지 관찰 가능하기 때문에 성분 분석 및 생리적, 기능적 측면으로도 연구의 토대가 될 것으로 사료된다. 더 나아가 추후 거머리로부터 생체모사기술 연구 분야 등에 기여할 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

In this study, we aim to obtain the fundamental data needed for the objective analysis and bio-mimetics of leeches, using x-ray imaging with radiation that allows 3D analysis of the detailed anatomic structures of leeches. It was confirmed that through using radiation, detailed images of leeches can be obtained, allowing 3D analysis of leeches' anatomical structures. Also, since the data obtained through the radiation allows you to observe the micro-structure, it can serve as a good resource for component analysis, as well as physiological and functional research. More, it is hoped to contribute to further research in the areas of bio-mimetics using leeches.

이 연구는 신산업 분야의 규제혁신 수요조사를 파악함에 있어, 관련 이해관계자들의 정책수요 를 파악하고 향후 정책수립에 활용하기 위해 수행되었다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 메타버 스 분야의 정부주도의 연구개발추진에 있어 등급설정을 통한 기준 강화보다는 기준 완화 즉, 개 별 검증, 인증절차 완화, 기준 유연화 등을 통해 안전성입증관련 연구가 우선 수행되어야 한다. 둘째, 메타버스 분야의 이해관계자들은 공통적으로 메타버스 안전성 실증을 위해 정부-기업 간 소통창구 및 지원기반을 확대해야 한다고 인식하고 있다. 셋째, 메타버스는 의료 분야 등 타 분 야와 접목되면서 기준완화를 통한 산업육성이냐 기준강화를 통한 관리체계 지원이냐에 대한 갈 등을 겪고 있다. 넷째, 신사업 및 서비스 분야의 규제지형변화로 인해 새롭게 구축해야 할 등급 분류기준설정, 표준, 안전성 기준 등의 법제도 기반을 운영하기 위해서는 해외사례를 지속적으 로 모니터링해야 한다. 향후 신산업분야의 규제혁신 관련 연구에 있어 이해관계자들의 분석을 통한 갈등지점 및 협력대안 도출에 관한 연구가 활성화 되어야 함을 제안한다.

This study was conducted to understand the policy demands of relevant stakeholders in identifying the regulatory innovation demand survey in the new industry field and to use it for policy establishment. The analysis results are as follows. First, in promoting government-led R&D in the Metaverse field, research related to safety verification should be carried out first through relaxation of standards, individual verification, relaxation of certification procedures, and flexibility of standards, rather than strengthening standards through grade setting. Second, stakeholders in the Metaverse field commonly recognize that it is necessary to expand communication channels and support bases between the government and companies to demonstrate Metaverse safety. Third, as the Metaverse is integrated with other fields such as the medical field, there is a conflict over whether to support the management system through the strengthening of the standards or the industry development through the relaxation of standards. Fourth, overseas cases must be continuously monitored in order to operate the legal system such as the setting of classification criteria, standards, and safety standards, which must be newly built due to the change in the regulatory landscape in the field of new businesses and services. In the future, it is suggested that research on conflict points and cooperation alternatives through stakeholder analysis should be activated in research related to regulatory innovation in new industries.

거미의 건축행동은 유전적 요인의 제한을 받지만 서식지의 다양한 환경 요인을 반영하는 먹이 사냥을 위한 투자 행동이며, 능동적인 의사결정의 반영이다. 본 연구는 긴호랑거미(Argiope bruennichi)를 대상으로 나대지(‘dry field’)와 논습지(‘wet field’)에 서식하는 개체가 건축한 웹의 물리적 구조를 정량적으로 측정 비교하였다. 습도 46.4%인 나대지(인천시 천마산)에서 35개체, 습도 73.9%의 논습지(충남 태안군)에서 13개체의 웹 구조가 분석되었다. 상대적으로 습도가 낮고 초본이 우거진 나대지 환경에 건축하는 개체의 경우 논습지 환경과 비교해 더 많은 거미실을 투자해(32.5±12.8 vs. 16.9±5.4 개의 나선실 사용), 더 넓은 웹을 건축하였다(976±643cm2 vs. 532±254cm2). 또한 나대지에 서식하는 개체가 논습지 개체에 비해 더 높은 웹을 건축하는 것으로 나타났다. (71.4±39.6cm vs. 49.6±31.2cm). 흰띠줄 건축행동을 측정한 결과 나대지의 개체가 상대적으로 큰 흰띠줄을 건축하는 것으로 나타났다(18.8±3.4cm vs. 3.9±3.2cm). 웹의 기울기를 측정한 수직경사와 동서경사의 경우 나대지와 논습지에서 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 성체 암컷 긴호랑거미가 환경 요인에 따라 건축행동을 변화시킬 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

Web building of the spider is an investment behavior for prey foraging with genetic constraint. Individual's decision-making on the web construction depends on diverse environmental variables. This study investigated web structure of the wasp spider, Argiope bruennichi, to compare individual's behaviors in dry field and in wet field. We measured 35 web structures in dry field (Chunma-San, Incheon) showing relatively low humidity (46.4%) and luxuriant herbage, and 13 web structures in the wet rice field (73.9%; Taean-Gun, Chungnam). Comparing to the wet field the individuals in the dry field invested significantly more silk: 32.5±12.8 number of silk spirals used in the dry field vs. 16.9±5.4 in the wet field. The web area of the dry field was greater than that of the wet field: 976±643cm2 vs. 532±254cm2. The web height, distance between the ground and the center of the web, appeared higher in the dry field than in the wet field: 71.4±39.6cm vs. 49.6±31.2cm. Also the web constructed in the dry field showed longer stabilimentum than the web of the wet field: 18.8±3.4cm vs. 3.9±3.2cm. The perpendicular inclination and the inclination to East-West of the web showed no difference between the two fields. This study suggests that adult females of A. bruennichi could modulate its construction behavior depending on the micro-habitat factors.

This study calculated road traffic carbon emissions based on micro-road traffic volume within urban block for Tier 3 application, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to confirm the influence factors of the urban spatial structure characteristics of each administrative division in Seoul on carbon emissions. As a result of the analysis, First, as a result of deriving the influencing factors of carbon emissions according to the application of the Tier 3 calculation formula, it was derived in a direction similar to that of previous studies, so it is necessary to apply the Tier 3 calculation formula to estimate carbon emissions in microscopic space units. Second, in order to reduce carbon emissions, mixed land use in the form of a compact city is required, and in terms of land use, areas that are not in the form of a compact city may appear. Therefore, it is necessary to gradually reflect land use characteristics. Third, in traffic characteristics, of highways (including urban freeway) and number of bus station was found to be a factor that increased carbon emissions. Since transportation infrastructure appears differently according to the characteristics of urban spatial structure, it is necessary to propose urban transportation policies considering the scope of application and policy effects. As a result of the analysis of this study, in order to reduce carbon, urban spatial structure policies according to gradual changes in land use characteristics and urban transportation policies considering them must be implemented.

This paper proposes the optimal structure of a Printed Circuit Board-based micro-PCR Chip constructed on a PCB substrate using commercial adhesive tapes and plastic films. The proposed micro-PCR chip was composed of four layers. In a previous experiment, the chip had been made with a green PCB, yielding an unwanted reflection that prevented accurate analysis. In this study, the solder mask of the PCB substrate was coated black for a higher signal-to-noise ratio, and the area where the reaction chamber was attached was legend-printed with white silk for better reflection of the fluorescence light. The top cover, which was 180𝜇m thick, was also colored black to minimize the noise during fluorescence detection. As a result of carrying out PCR, it was found that the fluorescence brightness increased with increasing numbers of cycles.

본 연구에서는 누에고치의 기능적인 면을 고려한 모발화장품으로서의 이용가능성을 타진하여 최종적으로는 누에고치 가수 분해물인 실크 단백질을 이용한 제품을 개발하고 그 효과를 연구하였다. 분자량 300-500의 저분자 실크펩타이드를 원료로 한 트리트먼트를 제조하고 성분함량에 차이를 두어 총 4개의 sample을 제조, 저분자 실크단백질이 손상모발 내부로 침투하여 모발에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 모발 화장품으로써의 효용성과 모발 보호 효과에 대한 기초물성 실험을 하고, AFM을 통한 모발의 미세구조변화를 연구하였다. 누에고치 가수분해 단백질을 이용한 제품의 모발 보호 효과에 대한 기초물성 실험으로 모발의 질량, 모간 굵기, 흡광도, 보습력 변화를 측정한 결과, S.P.T 처리 후의 모발 sample은 이전과 비교하여 전반적으로 모발의 질량, 굵기가 증가함과 동시에 뛰어난 보습 효과를 나타내었다. 한편 모발표면의 손상정도와 두께, 큐티클의 height변화에 대한 roughness를 측정한 결과에서 또한 S.P.T 샘플이 건강모와 같은 수준의 큐티클 상태로 회복한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 물론 성분함량에 따라 약간의 차이는 존재하였으나 실크펩타이드를 원료로 한 Treatment 조성물은 전반적으로 화학시술로 인하여 손상된 모발표면에 흡착, 큐티클 손상부를 부드럽게 매워주는 역할을 함으로써 향후 효과적인 천연 모발 컨디셔닝 제품의 하나로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

In this study, hair care effects of the hair cosmetics including low molecular weight silk peptide, hydrolysate which is produced from cocoon were investigated. After producing the hair cosmetics including silk peptide which has 300-500 molecular weight, we measured its hair care effects through the various tests; change of the hair weight, hair thickness, absorbance rate and hair moisture value and micro structure analysis. As a result, S.P.T. (Silk peptide Treatment) was effectively penetrated into the hair which has been damaged by chemical treatments, increased the hair weight, thickness and hair moisture value and also recovered the cuticle of the hair. Thus, the treatment of hair with silk peptide hydrolysate would be effective to recover the damaged hair into the normal conditions.