Earticle

Purpose: Korea’s Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) system, currently operating under a certification framework for EMT-Paramedic and EMT-Basic levels, has faced ongoing calls for transition to a licensure model to meet societal expectations and strengthen professional accountability. This study aimed to explore perceptions surrounding this transition, analyze key challenges, and provide foundational data for policy development. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study explored perceptions regarding the transition from certification to licensure for EMT-Paramedics and EMT-Basics. Data were collected through Focus Group Interviews (FGIs) and analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results: Two major categories emerged. The first involved conflicts related to implementation methods, including debates over simultaneous versus separate implementation, equity concerns among job groups and occupational domains, and fears of professional bifurcation. The second addressed measures for improving existing laws and educational systems, such as clarifying the scope of practice for both EMT levels, ensuring educational quality management, and establishing strategies for the EMT-Basic transition period. Conclusion: Transitioning to an EMT licensure system represents not merely a structural shift but a crucial step toward enhancing the quality and professionalism of emergency medical services. Achieving this goal requires comprehensive legal and institutional reforms, explicit redefinition of EMT roles in legislation, and strengthened quality assurance through standardized education and training programs.

본 연구는 대학생들의 디지털 성범죄에 대한 인식과 노출 경험을 탐색하기 위해 혼합연구방법을 적용하여 수행되었다. 2022년 12월 6일 대학의 성범죄 예방 캠페인에 참여한 84명의 학생들에게 디지털 성범죄에 대한 인식 과 노출 경험에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였고, 구체적인 경험을 파악하기 위해 2023년 4월 20일 6명의 학생을 대상 으로 초점집단 심층면담을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 28.0 program을 활용한 기술통계분석과 Giorgi의 현 상학적 방법으로 분석하였다. 설문조사 참여자 중 85.7%(72명)가 디지털 성범죄에 대해 알고 있다고 응답했으며, 96.4%(81명)은 그 정도가 심각한 수준이라고 응답하였다. 초점집단 심층면담 분석결과 4개의 중심의미와 9개의 주 제가 확인되었다. 도출된 4개의 중심의미는 ‘원치 않는 성적 접근’, ‘충격과 패닉’, ‘맞닥뜨리기 또는 회피하기’, ‘성범 죄 없는 안전한 온라인 공간을 희망함’이었다. 본 연구는 대학생들의 디지털 성범죄 예방교육 프로그램 개발 및 관련 된 제도적 정책 수립을 위한 기초 자료를 제공했다는데 의의가 있다.

This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine college students’ perceptions and experiences of exposure to digital sex crimes. On December 6, 2022, a survey on awareness and exposure to digital sex crimes was conducted with 84 students participating in a university-led sexual crime prevention campaign. To gather more detailed insights, a focus group interview was conducted with six students on April 20, 2023. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS 28.0 software and Giorgi's phenomenological method. Among the survey participants, 85.7% (72 students) reported being aware of digital sex crimes, and 96.4% (81 students) indicated that the severity of these crimes was significant. The analysis of the focus group interviews identified four main meanings and 9 themes. The four main meanings were: "Unwanted sexual approach," "Shock and panic," "Confronting or avoiding the issue," and "Desire for a safe online space free of sexual crimes." This study provides foundational data for the development of digital sex crime prevention education programs for college students and the formulation of related institutional policies.

본 연구는 농촌지역에 거주하고 제2형 당뇨병 진단을 받은 65세 이상 노인 10명을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 면담을 통해 당뇨병 관리에 대한 어려움과 요구도를 심층적으로 이해하고 기술하기 위해 시행된 질적연구이다. 연 구결과 농촌노인의 당뇨병 관리 경험은 ‘당뇨병에 대해 알아가기’, ‘혈당 조절의 중요성 이해하기’, ‘자가 관리의 필 요성 인식하기’, ‘혈당을 조절하며 살아가기’로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 농촌의 취약한 환경을 고려한 특화 된 당뇨병 관리 간호중재 프로그램을 개발하여 그들의 건강수명 연장과 삶의 질을 향상하는데 기여하고자 한다.

This study is qualitatively done to deeply understand and describe the difficulty and necessity of diabetes mellitus management, by focus group interview including 10 subjects who lived in a rural area, were aged 65 or older, and were diagnosed as 2 type diabetes(T2DM). As a result, the rural elderly seem to experience diabetes ‘Learning about diabetes,’ ‘Understanding the importance of blood glucose control,’ ‘Recognizing the necessity of self care,’ and ‘Living with getting by blood glucose management’ This study is to contribute to extending Healthy Life Expectancy and enhancing the life quality of rural elderly by developing programs for diabetes management nursing intervention program based on the result, considering the vulnerable environment of rural areas.

본 연구는 임상간호사의 바람직한 간호 인성의 본질과 내용을 확인하여 임상간호사로서 간호역량 확보와 양질의 간 호 제공을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 임상 간호현장에서 기대하는 바람직한 간호사의 인성에 대해 포괄적으로 탐구 하기 위하여 포커스그룹 인터뷰 분석을 시행한 질적 연구이다. 2019년 11월 30일~ 2020년 1월 20일까지 경력 5년 이상 D 지역 대학병원의 경력 간호사 6명을 대상으로 총 4회 진행하였으며, 내용 분석 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 임상 간호사에게 요 구되는 인성은 ‘환자 간호를 위한 자기 통제와 노력의 과정’, ‘인간 중심의 간호를 위한 구성요인’, ‘건강한 인간관계를 만드는 영향력’, 간호‘조직을 구성하고 운영케 하는 영향력’, ‘조직의 변화와 성과를 이끌어내는 영향력’ 총 5개의 주제와 17개의 하 위 주제로 분석되었다. 본 연구를 통해 간호현장에서 바람직한 인성의 요소를 확인하였으며, 추후 전문직 간호역량 확보와 양 질의 간호 제공을 위한 간호사 대상의 임상간호 인성 교육 프로그램 개발 연구를 제언한다.

This study aims to identify the nature and content of the desired nursing personality of clinical nurses and provide basic data for securing nursing competencies and providing quality nursing as clinical nurses. This is a qualitative study with a focused group analysis to comprehensively explore the desirable nurse personality expected in clinical nursing settings. From November 30, 2019 to Jan 20, 2020, 6 nurses with more than 5 years of clinical experiences and working in a regional university hospital participated in the four focus group interviews. The collected qualitative data was analyzed by the content analysis method. The personality required of clinical nurses is `process of self-regulation and effort for patient care', `components for human-centered nursing', `influence to create healthy interpersonal relationships', and `nursing'. Configure and operate the organization. It was analyzed into a total of five main themes and 17 sub-themes: “Influence to make changes” and “Influence to bring about organizational change and results.” This study confirms the desirable elements of personality in nursing practice, and proposes the application and effect verification research of clinical nursing education programs for nurses in order to secure the nursing competence of professionals and provide high-quality nursing care in the future.

본 연구는 COVID-19 상황에서 기본간호학 실습 교과목의 블렌디드 러닝 수업에 대한 경험을 이해하고자 시도된 질적연구이다. 간호대학생 18명이 참여한 본 연구는 포커스그룹 인터뷰를 통해 자료수집을 진행하였으며, 블렌디드 러닝 수업의 운영은 홀수주차는 비대면 온라인 학습, 짝수주차는 대면실습 방식으로 구성하여 14주차 까 지 진행 되었고, 수집된 자료는 내용분석 방법을 활용하여 분석되었다. 분석결과 총 250개의 진술이 유의미하게 추출되었고, 8개의 하위범주와 4개의 상위범주, 2개의 주제로 분석되었다. 도출된 4개의 상위범주는 ‘갑작스러운 수업방식 변경에 대한 부적응’, ‘학습 능률 저하와 수업의 혼돈’, ‘온라인 수업에 대한 양가감정’, ‘새로운 학습법에 대한 긍정적인 경험’ 으로 진술되었다. 본 연구는 온택트 시대 간호대학생을 위한 기본간호학 실습 블렌디드 러닝 수업에 관련한 유용한 정보를 제공함으로써 블렌디드 러닝 수업 운영 프로그램 개발, 다양한 실습교과목 적용을 위한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

This study is a qualitative study attempting to understand the experiences of blended learning of curriculum of fundamental nursing practice under the COVID-19. In the present study participated with 18 nursing students, data was collected through focus group interviews, the blended class was organized until 14th week by configuring a non-face-to-face e-Learning for the odd week and the face-to-face practice for the even week, and the collected data was analyzed using content analysis methods. As a result of analysis, a total of 250 significant statements were derived, the statements being analyzed based on eight subcategories, four upper categories, and two subjects. The derived four upper categories were “maladjustment to a sudden change in teaching method,” “lowering of learning efficiency and confusion during class,” “ambivalence toward online class,” and “positive experience for a new learning method.” The present study would be able to provide the basic data for developing a blended , learning operating program and applying to various practice-based curriculum by providing useful information relating to the blended learning class for the fundamental nursing practice for nursing students in the on-tact era.

Purpose: This is a qualitative descriptive study with the purpose of identifyng the health problems and related factors of socially vulnerable school-age children in Seoul, South Korea. Methods: Two focus group interviews and two individual interviews were conducted with eleven participants. They were two class teachers, three school nurses and two daycare teachers working at elementary schools and three social workers and a welfare worker working at community childcare centers. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The identified psychosocial problems were ‘distracting and excessive behavior’, ‘depression and helplessness,’ ‘aggression and violent behaviors’, and ‘internet overdependence’. The revealed physical health problems were ‘poor hygiene’, ‘obesity’, and ‘gastrointestinal problems’. In addition, the fact that physical and psychosocial problems are closely inter-linked was reaffirmed through practical examples. Meanwhile, socioeconomic, family environmental, social experiential and individual factors were found to affect children’s health. Relationships within a family or a peer group and healthy lifestyle were considered critical issues to deal with in order to improve the childrens’ health status. Conclusions: It was proved that socially vulnerable school-age children have various physical and mental health problems due to multiple factors. Therefore, it is required to design nursing approaches that help them achieve optimal health status.

Purpose: This study aims to understand schools’ response to infectious disease, perceived problems and suggestions, with regard to the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea, in order to improve the infectious disease response system. Methods: Data were collected by focus group interviews with three groups composed of school health teachers, other teachers, and parents in Seoul-located schools. Results: The major theme was “ Schools’ Discretionary Response in the Absence of the Control Tower.” Four major categories and 11 sub- categories were drawn from the findings. Four major categories were as follows: (a) Temperature monitoring caused lots of complaints, (b) Closure decisions were left at the discretion of schools, (c) Precautions are now being more emphasized, and (d) The support system were malfunctioning. Conclusion: The main areas to be improved are as follows: (1) School district offices should have an expanded role in infectious disease response and build cooperative partnerships with health authorities. (2) Preparedness for infectious disease should be strengthened. (3) Temperature monitoring systems should be improved, (4) Closure decisions should be made at a local community level. These are expected to help schools establish advanced infectious disease response systems.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand freshman's experience during a mentoring program at a newly opened nursing college. Methods: The study was qualitative research using focus groups. Data were collected through in-depth interviews performed from May 2 to May 30, 2011. The focus group interviews were conducted with 15 freshmen on their experiences with their mentors. The data were analyzed by the Colaizzi's method, in which the meaningful statements were extracted. Results: We identified the six categories from sixteen theme-clusters and thirty five themes: 1) meaningful relationship, 2) unexpected help, 3) realization, 4) solidification of one's determination, 5) establishment of a mentor image, and 6) wistful sense. Conclusion: The mentoring program was effective for a nursing college freshman to develop their vision and identity as a professional nursing.

The purpose of this study was to obtain qualitative data on Korean-American dry cleaners' concerns about work-related health and safety and their attitudes toward the use of PPE(Personal Protective Equipment). Two focus group discussions were conducted with convenient samples of Korean-American drycleaners in middle-eastern state. A total of 13 individuals participated in two focus groups. Participants had concerns as both owners and workers. As owners, they were concerned mostly about compliance of environmental regulation and economic depression. The participants knew very little about the hazards of chemical exposure and expressed vague concerns about chemical exposure and health. Majority of participants do not use PPE and had no intention of using it in the future because of their limited knowledge about the hazardous nature of chemical exposure. The findings from this study would guide the development of intervention to increase drycleaners knowledge of chemical exposure and use of PPE.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the in-depth perceptions of newborn care among North Korean refugee women through focus group interviews. This research aims to provide foundational data for developing newborn care education programs tai- lored for North Korean refugee women preparing for motherhood. Methods: This qualitative study employed focus groups to investigate perceptions of neonatal care among North Korean refugee women of childbearing age (20?45 years old). Conducted from August to September 2022, the sessions included five non-preg- nant women and four who were currently pregnant. Results: Both pregnant and non-pregnant women expressed ambivalent feelings, char- acterized by a blend of expectation and fear regarding childrearing. Pregnant women ar- ticulated specific parenting strategies and viewed childrearing as a more tangible re- sponsibility in light of physical changes and social isolation. In contrast, non-pregnant women expressed vague aversion and anxiety about the lack of information and support systems, stating that they could only endure childrearing with adequate external sup- port. Notably, pregnant women emphasized the psychological conflict stemming from disrupted self-realization and shifts in their identities as mothers. Conclusion: This study revealed differences in childrearing perceptions among North Korean refugee women based on their pregnancy status. It underscores the necessity for developing customized education programs that consider life stages and psychological readiness, as well as the importance of establishing social support systems

Purpose: This study was to explore the empowerment experienced by hospital nurses. Methods: Focus group was used to gather data and open coding method suggested by Strauss and Corbin was used to analyze the data. Thirty-four nurses who have clinical experience of more than three years at three university hospitals were participated in this study. Results: Five categories were identified: Getting chances of opportunities to show personal capabilities and motivations, acknowledgement, support, recognition and delightfulness. The major sources of empowerment were the acknowledgement of patients and family, colleagues, supervisors. doctors, and other personnels in hospital. Conclusion: Focus groups could be an useful tool for empowerment research in nursing. Further research will be needed to clarify the relationship among individual, group and organization.

본 연구는 장애인 및 보호자를 대상으로 2021년 2월 9일부터 2월 17일까지 포커스그룹 인터뷰를 실시하여 장애인이 인식하는 미충족 의료와, 장애인 건강주치의 2차 시범사업 관련 경험을 분석하기 위해 수행하였다. 포커스그룹 인터뷰는 시범 사업에 등록하였으며 의사표현이 가능한 장애인 5인(그룹 1)과 의사표현이 불가능한 장애인의 보호자 5인(그룹 2)으로 구성되는 두 그룹에 대해 실시하였고, 각 그룹 당 약 100분의 면담을 1회 진행하였다. 장애인의 미충족 의료와 관련된 요인은 의료서비스 이용자, 의료서비스 공급자, 제도적, 사회문화적 측면에서 도출되었고, 이 중 장애인 건강주치의 시범사업 참여를 통해 충족된 요인과 충족되지 않은 요인으로 분석되었다. 향후 장애인의 미충족 의료를 해결하기 위해 방문서비스 확대 적용, 다양한 진료과로 주치의 범위를 확대, 물리치료사나 작업치료사 등을 포함한 다학제적 접근, 서비스 단절 최소화를 위해 병원간 연계 활성화, 장애인 당사자 의견수렴을 통한 서비스 개선, 적극적인 홍보를 통한 본사업의 확대 적용이 필요하겠다.

This study is a qualitative research using focus group interviews with disabled people and their families to understand the unmet healthcare needs perceived themselves and to analyze the experiences of ‘The 2nd pilot project for primary care for people with disabilities’, from 9 to 17 February 2021. The subjects of the study was the disabled who can express their opinions (group 1) or the guardians of the subjects who can not express their opinions (group 2). The participants were interviewed for about 100 minutes for each group once or twice. As a result of this study, the factors regarding unmet healthcare needs were extracted in subject, provider, institutional, and socio-cultural aspects. Further, the factors resolved and unresolved by the pilot project were extracted. Based on the results, we can recommend that the expanded application to the visiting service, inclusion of doctors from various departments, multidisciplinary approach including physical or occupational therapists, minimizing disconnection among the hospitals and healthcare centers, improvement of service quality by collecting opinions from people with disabilities, and more publicity activities should be applied.

Analyzing and Solving Drinking‐Related Problems in a Urban‐Rural Integrated Cities through Focus Groups - Focusing on the Goyang City- Jin-Gyung Cha*・ Soon-Seung Yang*・ Hye-Jung Lee*・ Young-Sun Kim*・ Young-Han Sin*・ Jung-Hwa Lee*・ Sung-jae Kim** * The Korean Alcohol Research Foundation, Korea. ** College of Nursing, Seoul National University. Purpose: This study was conducted in order to analyze drinking‐related problems and derived alternatives based on the experiences of experts in various fields who contact people with drinking problems in Goyang City. Methods: Qualitative research were done with 3 focus groups(11 persons) and 6 field workers at relevant institutions who were providing services in the community of Goyang City. The debriefing notes and individual interview results were identified in the analysis of the data. The questions were: ‘What is the drinking patterns in the community?’; What is the alcohol-related problems with drinking in the community?’; ‘What are the factors related to the drinking problems in the community?; and ‘How can drinking problems be solved in the community?’ Results: The results were analyzed in 3 categories and 16 subcategories. Category 1 was the drinking pattern in Goyang City, derived 4 subcategories; including general population, employment status, sociocultural situation and foreign workers. Category 2 was drinking problem, derived 5 subcategories; including general population, employment status, sociocultural situation, foreign workers, and legal situation. Category 3 was the alternatives of alcohol-related problems, derived 7 subcategories; including the development of various preventive and educational contents, sociocultural and environmental change, reinforcement of laws and regulations including involuntary commitment, active interventions for foreign workers, and the establishment of specialized systems. Conclusion: The results were analyzed drinking‐related problems in several sociocultural aspects with various community members of Goyang City as a urban‐rural complex city, and proposed active solutions for revitalizing the local characteristics of the city and reinforcing legal and institutional aspects. The results were expected to provide basic materials for establishing drinking‐related policies in Goyang City.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors affecting on smartphone addiction accordingto the classification of addiction-risk groups among college students, focusing on self-control. Methods: A sample of 242 college students at K University in Seoul was recruited to participate in the study. A structured questionnaire composed of items for the self-rated smartphone addiction scale and self-control scale was used to collect data. Results: The number of students in smartphone addiction-risk group was 66 (27.3%). This study had 17.5% of the explanatory power, including perceived smartphone necessity (β=.330, p=.007), and instant self-control (β=-.281, p=.028) in addiction-risk group. Whereas, in non-risk group, the affecting factors included gender (β=.194, p=.004), self-awareness of addiction (β=-.290, p<.001), and instant self-control (β=-.281, p< .001) with 31.3% of the explanatory power. Conclusion: There is a need to develop an intervention program to prevent the addiction of smartphones and to improve self-control among college students.

This study uses qualitative data to examine the dynamics and barriers of the delayed family formation phenomenon among the never-married professionals in Korea. The data was drawn from focus groups of 14 never-married professionals aged 28 through 40. The investigation depicts several dimensions of the circumstances of never-married professionals that have not garnered much attention in the literature. This research provides initial evidence of critical influences within the socio-cultural contexts of the participants' dating behaviors as well as the willingness to marry. Two different realities, based on gender, were discovered: both male and female voluntarily delayed marriage to pursue their career, education and success. As both reached their career goals, however, male participants experienced a rise in their value as a marriage prospect whereas females experienced decreased value as a marriage prospect. Hence, neo-traditional familism was the dominant value among the participants, but it also functioned as a major barrier to family formation because in the present value system, female professionals, must still struggle with the dual burdens of work and family management.

연구목적: 본 연구는 사회적 취약계층을 고려한 재난문자방송 서비스의 개선에 초점을 맞추고, 특히 고 령자에게 필요한 서비스 요인을 일반인과 비교분석을 통하여도출하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 다중회귀 분석을 활용하였으며, 종속변수로 재난문자방송 서비스의 전반적인 만족도를 사용하였고, 독립변수로 각각의 서비스 요인들을 선정하여 2개 그룹을 비교분석하였다. 연구결과: 분석결과, 고령자와 일반인 두 그룹 모두 재난문자방송의 만족도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 서비스 요인은 신속한 전달인 것으로 나 타났다. 두 번째 요인으로는 고령자의 경우 충분한 내용 전달로 나타났으며, 일반인의 경우 시스템 품질 로 나타났다. 두 그룹 간의 분석결과를 종합하면, 고령자는 내용적인 측면을 좀 더 중요하게 생각하는 반면, 일반인은 시스템 품질, 송출기준 등과 같은 기능적인 측면을 중요시하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 고령자들은 신속한 전달과 함께 충분한 내용 전달을 중요시하고 있는데, 이는 고령자가 일반인에 비해 이해력과 사고력이 떨어지게 된다는 점에서 고령자 특성을 고려한 재난문자 송출이 필요하다.

Purpose : This study focuses on improvements in cell broadcast service(CBS) with consideration of socially vulnerable groups, and identifies service factors necessary for elderly people in particular. Method : Multiple regression analysis was applied to test overall satisfaction with cell broadcast service as the dependent variable and each of the service factors as the independent variable. Result : The results showed that fast delivery had the greatest effect on overall satisfaction with cell broadcast service in both groups, followed by the delivery of sufficient content for the elderly group and system quality for the non-elderly group. The results demonstrated that the elderly group cared more about information content, while the non-elderly group considered functions such as system quality and text message transmission criteria more important. Conclusion : Elderly people consider the delivery of sufficient information important as well as fast delivery, which suggests that it is necessary when sending cell broadcast service to give consideration to the characteristics of elderly people, as they tend to have weaker understanding and thinking abilities than the non-elderly.

学習者の特性を考慮したグループ編成の基で協働学習を行ったらグループワーク過程でどのような相互作用がもたらされるのか、また、認知的・情意的側面に、どのような影響を及ぼすのかを質的調査結果を基に詳細に分析することが本研究の目的である。本論では、対人関係調査結果と学習日誌(ポートフォリオ)、さらに振り返りシートの5段階評定結果を基に考察をした。その結果、各学習者の特性である学習レベル、性格、友人関係、親和動機、アイデンティティ・ステイタスの全てにおいてグループワークの中で影響を及ぼすことがわかった。特に、親和動機では、動機が高い学習者は、メンバーとの心理的距離を縮めるのに時間がかからない傾向があった。アイデンティティ・ステイタスでは、上位の学習者であるほど対人関係に問題が発生しないという先行研究があるように、本調査のグループ編成でも、アイデンティティ・ステイタスが高い学習者は、グループワークでグループを引っ張る存在であったり、メンバーへの配慮が見られたり、グループ方法や学習と自己について振り返りをするなどの特徴が見られた。本論では、学習日誌と振り返りシートの5段階評価資料を基に各学習者への影響についてを考察することにとどまり、親和動機の各側面のうち有意差があったものを細かく分析することができなかった。今後の課題として、グループワーク過程において学習者の特性にどのように影響を及ぼすのかについて、授業日誌を基にグループ単位で見る必要がある。そうすることで、本論の調査結果が明確になり、さらに詳細な分析ができると思われる。

본 연구는 공공부분에서 변혁적·거래적 리더십이 직무스트레스의 역할요인들과 어떠한영향관계를 갖고 있는지를 확인하는 연구이다. 특히 고(高) 스트레스 집단을 실증 분석하여 주요 요인들의 영향관계를 탐색한다. 분석결과 조건적 보상이 확실하게 이루어질 때변혁적 리더의 카리스마와 지적자극이 더 큰 효력을 발생시킬 수 있으며, 리더가 구성원들의 개별적 배려를 잘 해준다면 구성원들의 역할과다 스트레스가 저감된다. 리더의 지적자극이 역할모호성문제를 해소할 수 있다. 고(高) 스트레스집단 변혁적 리더의 카리스마가 역할과다문제를 해소시키고, 조건적 보상이 역할갈등을 줄여준다. 하지만 변혁적 리더의 지적자극은 오히려 직원들의 역할과다를 높이는 요소로 자리 잡았다.

This study explores the relationship between transformational leadership,transactional leadership and job stress. Especially, we focus on the high-stress groupsin public institutions. The results are as follows: the results of the groups indicatedsimilarly as significant positive relationship among contingent reward, idealized influence and intellectual stimulation. The higher the level of individual considerationinfluence the lower the role overload in the groups. The higher the level of intellectual simulation influence the lower the role ambiguity in the groups.

강박증상은 우울증을 동반하는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우에 따라 치료적 접근이나 예후가 다른 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 강박 및 우울 증상을 구분하는 심리적 요인을 살펴보는 것을 주된 목적으로 하며, 특히 우울을 동반하는 강박증상, 그렇지 않은 강박증상 및 우울증상을 특징으로 하는 집단을 구분하여, 자의식, 조절초점 중 예방초점 및 자기비난과 관련된 특징을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 서울소재 대학교에 재학 중인 455명의 학생을 대상으로 단축형 강박증상목록척도, 우울척도, 자의식척도, 조절초점전략척도 및 우울경험질문지를 실시하였다. 회귀 분석 결과, 자의식은 강박증상과 우울에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으며, 예방초점은 자의식과 강박증상의 관계에서 부분매개효과를 보이고, 우울과의 관계에서는 매개효과를 보이지 않았다. 반면에, 자기비난은 자의식과 강박증상과의 관계에서 부분매개효과를 보이고 우울과의 관계에서는 완전매개효과를 보였다. 이상의 분석 결과를 토대로 우울을 동반 혹은 동반하지 않는 강박증상집단과 우울증상만을 보이는 집단의 심리적 특징을 확인하기 위해 강박증상군(n=49), 강박우울증상군(n=58) 및 우울증상군(n=35)을 구분한 후, 일원변량분석을 통해 세 가지 심리적 요인에서의 차이를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 세 집단은 자의식 수준에는 차이를 보이지 않고, 강박우울증상군과 강박증상군은 높은 예방초점 수준을 보였으며, 강박우울증상군과 우울증상군은 높은 자기비난 수준을 보였다. 마지막으로 세 가지 심리적 요인을 중심으로 판별분석을 실시한 결과, 예방초점과 자기비난은 세 집단을 타당하게 구별하였으며, 특히 자기비난은 강박우울증상군과 강박증상군을 타당하게 구별하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 이론적, 실제적 함의와 함께 제한점 및 향후 연구 방향을 논의하였다.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate psychological factors distinguishing obsessive-compulsive symptoms with depression(OC_WD) from obsessive-compulsive symptoms without depression(OC_ND) and depression only(D). In particular, this study examined the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and depression focused on self-consciousness, prevention focus and self-blame. For this purpose, Korean Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory–Revised(OCI-R-K), Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition (BDI-II), Self-Consciousness Scale(SCS), Regulatory Focus Strategies Scale(RFSS), and Depressive Experiences Questionnaire(DEQ) were administered to 455 undergraduate students. As a result, first, self-consciousness has significant influence on obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms. Second, prevention focus showed partial mediating effect in the relationship between self-consciousness and obsessive-compulsive symptoms while no mediating effect was found between self-consciousness and depression. Third, self-blame showed partial mediating effect in the relationship between self-consciousness and obsessive-compulsive symptoms while showed full mediating effect in between self-consciousness and depression. Fourth, analysis of variance showed that no difference in self-consciousness among OC_WD, OC_ND, and D groups. However, prevention focus was higher in OC_WD and OC_ND groups compared to D group. Furthermore, self-blame appeared higher in OC_WD and D groups compared to OC_ND group. Finally, discriminant analysis showed that prevention focus and self-blame distinguished OC_WD, OC_ND, and D groups. Also, self blame distinguished OC_WD from OC_ND group. Finally, implications and limitation of the present study were discussed with suggestion of future studies.