Earticle

본 연구는 여러 형태의 복부 운동(crunch, spine V-up, prone V-up on ball, prone V-up on slide board, prone V-up on TRX, and prone V-up power wheel)을 하는 동안 URA, LRA, IO, EO and RF의 EMG 반응을 조사했다. 대상자들 은 이러한 운동을 수행하는 동안 복근의 isometric contraction을 수행했다. 테스트 결과 EO, URA, LRA는 어떠한 운동 간에 도 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 하지만, IO를 검사 시에, 양와위 V-up운동은 slide운동 시 보다 유의하게 더 큰 근활성도를 보여주었다. 또한, crunch동안 EMG활성도는 다른5가지 어떠한 운동보다 현저히 적었다. 이러한 결과들은 등척 성 복근 운동 시행 시에 장비가 없는 기반 운동이 장비 기반 운동과 유사하게 자극을 준다는 것을 나타낸다. 코어 강화는 오래 동안 운동 컨디셔닝과 수행능력의 핵심 구성 요소로 알려져 왔다. 복부 근육 조직은 개인의 코어를 구성하는 5가지 중 하나의 구성요소로 여겨진다. 복부 근육은 또한 요추의 적정한 기능을 보장한다. 모든 복부 근육이 요추 안정화에 기여 하지만, TA & IO가 주요한 안정화(stabilizers)를 하는 것으로 보여주었다.

This study examined the response of the EMG of URA, LRA, IO, EO and RFM of various types of abdominal motion (crunch, spine V-up on ball, prone V-up on slide board, prone V-up on TRX, and prone V-up power wheel). The subjects performed anisometric contact of abs during these exercises. Tests have shown that there were no statistically significant differences between EO, URA and LRA between any movements. However, during the inspection of IO, the positive-wawed V-up motion showed significantly greater muscle activity than during the slide movement. Also, EMG activity during crunch was significantly lower than any other five exercises. These results indicate that in the implementation of equilateral absolutism, the equipment-free based exercise gives an impetus similar to equipment-based exercise. Abdominal muscle tissue is considered one of the five components that make up an individual's core. The abdominal muscles also ensure proper functioning of the lumbar spine. Although all abdominal muscles contribute to lumbar stabilization, TA & IO has been shown to perform major stabilizers.

This study was for the analysis of EMG(electromyography) change of elementary school baseball players according to career. For the performance of this study, subject was done dividedly 5 trained group, 5 non-trained group and 5 control group. In that result, it was shown that EMG value at deltoid, latissimus dorsi & pectoralis major significantly increased control group rather than trained & non-trained groups, at extensor carpi radialis & flexor carpi ralialis significantly increased trained & non-trained groups rather than control group in arm-cocking phase. In arm acceleration phase, there was significantly increased at deltoid & biceps significantly increased control group rather than trained & non-trained groups and extensor carpi radialis & flexor carpi radialis was significantly increased trained & non-trained groups rather than control group. lastly, there was significantly increased control group rather than non-trained groups at deltoid in deceleration phase.

본 연구는 필라테스 동작에 따라 활성되는 부위와 정도의 차이를 규명하여 인체역학적 이론에 근거한 필라테스 동작지도법 개발과 새로운 운동 동작 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구 대상은 여성 필라테스 강사 9명으로 선정하였으며, AB Prep, Hundred, Oblique 필라테스 자세를 대상으로 좌·우 복직근(up, Lo)과 좌·우 복사근 부위에 근활성도 측정을 실시하였다. 분석 장비는 Noraxon 근 전도 시스템을 사용하였으며, 수집된 데이터는 일원배치 분산분석 통계기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째로 필라테스 동작에 따른 근 활성도값은 Mean 값과 Mean Peak값에서 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났으며(p<.05), 사후분석 결과에서도 차이가 나타나는 것을 확 인 할 수 있었다. 둘째, 필라테스 운동부위에 따른 근 활성도 값은 Mean 값과 Mean Peak값에서 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났으며(p<.05), 사후분석 결과에서도 차이가 나타나는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 셋째, 필라테스 운동동작과 운동부위에 따른 효과를 알아본 결과 Mean 값에서는 운동 동작과 운동 부위에 따른 효과가 나타났으나(p<.05), 두 요인 간의 상호작용은 나타나지 않았다. 반면에, Mean Peak 값 분석 결과에서는 동작과 부위에 따른 효과는 확인할 수 없었지 만 두 요인간의 상호작용이 나타났다.

This study was conducted to provide basic data for the development of a pilates movement instruction method based on kinematic theory and a new pilates movement by analyzing EMG values according to the active muscle part and pilates movement. The subjects of this study were 9 female pilates instructors, and muscle activity was measured on the left and right rectus abdominal muscles (up, Lo) and left and right oblique muscles in AB Prep, Hundred, and Oblique Pilates postures. Noraxon EMG system was used as the analysis equipment, and the collected data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA. The results of this study are follows. First, There was a statistically significant difference in both the Mean and Mean Peak values of the muscle activity (Mean, Mean Peak) according to the Pilates movement (p<.05). Second, the muscle activity (Mean, Mean Peak) values according to the Pilates exercise site showed statistically significant differences in both the Mean and Mean Peak values (p<.05). Third, as a result of examining the effect of the pilates movement motion and the exercise part, the mean value showed the effect according to the exercise motion and the exercise part (p<.05), but, there was no interaction between the two factors. However, in the mean peak value analysis result, the effect according to the motion and part could not be confirmed, but the interaction between the two factors appeared. In summary, there was a difference in muscle activity between the pilates motion and the exercise part, and it was found that the muscle activity according to the pilates motion and the exercise part had some interactions.

This study was for the analysis of electromyograph and fatigue in blood change of high school tennis players according to two hand backhand stroke repeat using. For the performance of this study, 10 tennis players were chosen and EMG and fatigue in blood measurement was done dividedly measurement period. In that result, it was shown that EMG value at left biceps, right brachioradialis, right flexor carpi radialis muscles decreased significantly according to measurement period. and there was considerable decrease at lactate and ammonia too. So, it was shown that the repeat using of two hand backhand stroke causes muscle fatigue like the change of EMG, for it causes muscle fatigue partially at major muscle according to EMG result and the significant difference was shown in the change of fatigue in blood also. Therefore, It is considered that a appropriate amount of exercise and training plan are needed to protect players considering muscle fatigue caused by the repeat of two hand backhand stroke.

본 연구는 외발스쿼트와 양발스쿼트 운동 시 반복횟수, 심박수, 하지의 근전도 반응과 안쪽넓은근과 가쪽넓은근 의 근활성비를 비교하여 안전하고 효과적인 스쿼트 방법을 찾고자 하였다. 피험자는 저항훈련 경력 1년 이상의 남성 7 명으로 선정하였다. 외발 맨몸 스쿼트와 양발 맨몸스쿼트, 외발 10RM 바벨스쿼트와 양발 10RM 바벨 스쿼트 운동 시 반복횟수를 비교하였다. 외발 맨몸 스쿼트와 양발 맨몸스쿼트 운동 직후 심박수를 측정 하였다. 근전도 측정은 외발 맨몸등척성 스쿼트와 양발 맨몸등척성 스쿼트 운동 시 5초간 실시하였다. 근전도 측정 부위는 우측 다리의 넙다리곧은 근, 안쪽넓은근, 가쪽넓은근, 넙다리두갈래근, 앞정강근, 장딴지근 내측으로 하였다. 대응표본 t검정을 실시하였으며 유 의수준은 α= .05로 설정하였다. 반복횟수는 양발 스쿼트가 외발 스쿼트에 보다 높게 나타났으며, 운동직후 심박수는 외발스쿼트가 양발스쿼트 보다 높게 나타났다. 하지의 근전도 반응은 외발 스쿼트가 양발 스쿼트 보다 높은 iEMG가 나 타났으며, VM/VL 비율은 양발 스쿼트가 외발스쿼트 보다 높게 나타났다. 외발스쿼트는 양발스쿼트에 비해 높은 강도 의 운동인 것으로 보여지며, 양발 스쿼트는 안쪽넓은근 단련에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

In this study, we tried to find a safe and effective squat method by comparing the number of repetitions, heart rate, leg EMG response, VM / VL ratio during one foot and both feet squat exercise. The subjects were 7 men with resistance training experience more than one year. Number of repetitions was compared between one foot and both feet body weight squat, 10RM one foot and both feet squat. Heart rate was measured after the one foot and both feet squat exercise. EMG measurements were performed for 5 seconds in the one foot and both feet isometric squat. EMG measurement site was the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius of right femur. A measurement paired t-test was performed. The significance level was set to α = .05. The number of repetitions were higher in the both feet squats than in the one foot squats, and the heart rate immediately after exercise was higher in the one foot squats than in the both feet squats. In the EMG response of the lower limb, the one foot isometric squat showed higher iEMG than the both feet isometric squat, and the VM / VL ratio was significantly higher in the both feet isometic squat. one foot squat is considered to be a higher intensity exercise than a both feet squat, and a one both feet squat may contribute to the vastus medialis training.

The purpose of this study was to analyze biomechanical parameters between hook and uppercut in boxing. Five elite boxer were participated in this study for the comparison. The 3D kinematic and EMG data were collected for each punch techniques. Conclusion is as following. In anterior-posterior displacement of COG, hook was posterior and uppercut was anterior direction on right punch. In vertical displacement of COG, uppercut was lower than hook on right punch. In rotation angular displacement of shoulder and hip, uppercut was more left rotation than hook. In displacement of elbow joint, hook was more extended than uppercut and right elbow was more extended than left elbow. In displacement of shoulder joint, hook was more extended than uppercut and left elbow was more extended than right elbow. In velocity of hand, hook was faster than uppercut. In acceleration of hand, hook was faster than uppercut and right hand was faster than left hand. In EMG of erector spinae, there was no significant.

본 연구는 벤치프레스 운동 시 탄성 바의 길이에 따른 몸통과 어깨 안정화 근육의 활성도를 표면 근전도(sEMG)를 이용하여 비교 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 20대 남성 14명을 연구대상으로 선정하였으며, 연구대상자는 각각 200 cm (3.5kg), 220 cm (4kg), 240 cm(4.5kg) 길이의 탄성 바를 사용하여 자신의 1RM의 60% 부하로 8회 반복하는 벤치프레스 운동을 수행하였다. 근육 활성도 측정을 위해 몸통 부위의 배곧은근과 배바깥빗근, 어깨 부위의 어깨세모근 앞쪽 섬유와 뒤쪽 섬유를 선정하였다. 자료처리를 위해 SPSS Win ver. 28.0 프로그램을 사용하여 유의수준 p<.05에서 일원배치 분산분석(ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 240 cm 탄성 바를 사용한 경우 배곧은근, 배바깥빗근, 어깨세모근 전부(양측)에서 200 cm 및 220 cm 탄성 바보다 유의미하게 높은 근육 활성도를 보였다. 그러나 어깨세모근 뒤쪽섬유에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 240 cm 길이의 탄성 바가 벤치프레스 운동 시 몸통과 어깨 부위의 안정화 근육 활성화에 더 효과적임을 제시하며, 이는 운동 및 재활 프로그램 설계 시 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Objectives This study aimed to compare and analyze the activation of stabilization muscles in the trunk and shoulder during the bench press exercise using surface Electromyography (sEMG) based on the length of elastic bars. Methods Fourteen male participants in their 20s (Age: 21.35±0.72 years, Height: 174.42±5.05 cm, Weight: 76.85±9.26 kg) were recruited as participants. Bench press exercises were performed using elastic bars with lengths of 200 cm, 220 cm, and 240 cm. Each participant performed the bench press with a load of 60% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM) for eight repetitions. sEMG was used to measure muscle activation. The selected muscles included the external oblique and rectus abdominis for the trunk, and the anterior and posterior fibers of the deltoid for the shoulder. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA with a significance level of .05. Results The comparison of muscle activation using sEMG across the three elastic bar lengths 200 cm(3.5kg), 220 cm(4kg), and 240 cm(4.5kg) revealed that the 240 cm bar resulted in significantly higher activation of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, and anterior fibers of the deltoid (bilaterally) compared to the 200 cm and 220 cm bars. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the posterior fibers of the deltoid bilaterally. Conclusions The comparative analysis of three elastic bar lengths during the bench press exercise showed that the 240 cm bar elicited greater activation of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, and anterior fibers of the deltoid (bilaterally) than the 200 cm and 220 cm bars. These findings suggest that the 240 cm bar is more effective in activating stabilization muscles in the trunk and shoulder regions.

이 연구는 수중 외발젓기 운동 시 수심과 속도에 따른 하지근과 몸통근의 근활성도를 분석하여 균형을 유지하기 위한 근육 간 협응 기전과 수중에서 평형성 훈련 시 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구대상자는 저항운동 경력 6개월 이상의 남자 대학생 9명을 선정하였으며, 3가지 수심과 속도조건에 따라 수중 외발젓기 운동을 총 9회 실시하였다. 운동 중 하지근과 몸통근의 근전도를 측정하였으며, 측정된 변인들은 반복측정 이원변량분석으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 젓는발 의 속도가 빨라질수록 하지근과 몸통근에서 근활성도가 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(p=.001), (p=.019, p=.001), 한편 수심 조건에서는 수심이 낮아질수록 디딤발 종아리 근육의 근활성도가 유의하게 높게 나타났고(p=019, p=.001), 배곧 은근은 허리수심에서 근활성도가 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p=.043). 따라서 이 연구는 수중에서 평형성 향상을 위한 운 동 시 동작의 속도를 증가시켜 운동의 강도를 조절할 수 있을것으로 판단되며, 한편 수심에 따라서는 발목 주변 근육의 강화를 위해 단계적으로 수심을 낮추는 것이 효과적이고, 몸통 주변 근육의 강화를 위해서는 허리수심이 가장 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze muscle activity of lower extremity and trunk muscles according to water depth and speed during single leg swing aquatic exercise, and to provide a mechanism for intermuscular coordination to maintain balance and basic data for balance training in water. The subjects of this study were 9 males with more than 6 months of resistance training experience, and a total of 9 experiment were performed according to 3 water depths and speed conditions. EMG was measured during exercise and the measured variables were analyzed with Repeated measurements two-way ANOVA. As a result, as the speed of rowing foot increased, the muscle activity was significantly higher in the lower extremity and trunk muscles(p=.001), (p=.019, p=.001). On the other hand, the lower the water depth, the higher the calf muscle activity of the stepping foot(p=019, p=.001), and the higher the rectus abdominis muscle activity at the waist(p=.043). Therefore, this study is thought to be able to control intensity of exercise by increasing the speed during exercise to improve balance in water, and in the water depth condition, it is appropriate to gradually lower the water depth for training the muscles around the ankle, and it is judged that the waist depth is the most suitable for training the trunk muscles.

이 연구는 준비운동방법에 따른 75% 1RM 벤치프레스 최대반복운동 3set 시 반복횟수, 근활성도, 혈중젖산농도 에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상자로 20대 남성 8명을 선정하여 4가지 준비운동(무게증가, 반복횟수 증가, 등척성단계의 시간증가, 준비운동 없음)과 본 운동을 실시하였으며, 운동 수행 중 반복횟수와 큰가슴근, 앞어깨세모 근, 위팔세갈래근의 근활성도, 혈중젖산농도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 본 운동 반복횟수는 준비운동 방법과 세트에 따른 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 준비운동 중 근활성도는 큰가슴근과 위팔세갈래근은 준비운동방법과 세트에 따른 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 앞어깨세모근은 세트에서만 유의차를 보였다. 셋째, 본 운동 중 큰가슴근, 앞어깨세 모근의 활성도는 준비운동방법에 따른 유의한 차이를 보였다. 위팔세갈래근은 준비운동방법과 세트에 따른 유의한 차이 를 보였다. 넷째, 준비운동과 본 운동 중 혈중젖산농도는 준비운동방법과 시기에 따른 유의한 차이를 보였다. 종합하면, 준비운동의 방법에 따라 주동근 활동의 양상이 달라지며, 이에 따라 반복횟수, 혈중젖산농도가 다르게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of 75%1RM bench press exercise 3set on number of repetition, muscle activity, and blood lactate according to warm up. Eight men in their 20s were selected as subjects and four warm up method (weight increase, repeated increase, time increase in isometric phase, non warm up) and this exercise were conducted. The number of repetition and EMG of agonist muscle, and the blood lactate were measured during exercise. First, number of repetition of this exercise showed significant difference according to the warm up method and set. Second, the muscle activity of the warm up was significantly different according to the warm up method and set for petoralis major and anterior deltoid, and triceps brachii showed a significant difference only in the set. The activity of pectoralis major and anterior deltoid during the exercise showed significant difference according to the warm up. The triceps brachii showed significant difference according to the warm up method and set. Fourth, the blood lactate of the warm up and the work out showed significant differences according to warm up method and the time. In conclusion, the patterns of the main muscle activity were changed according to the method of warm up exercise, and number of repetitions and blood lactate were different according to the results.

이 연구는 지속적인 저항운동 시 반복시간 증가에 따른 주동근의 근전도 반응과 심박수 및 혈중젖산농도에 대해 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상자로 저항운동경력 6개월 이상의 20대 남성 21명을 선정하여 스쿼트 10RM 운동 중 반복시 간, 안쪽넓은근과 가쪽넓은근의 근전도, 심박수를 측정하였으며, 휴식시간별 젖산농도를 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 반 복측정 일원변량분석으로 통계하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 횟수별 반복시간은 3회부터 증가하기 시작하였으며, 세트별 반복횟수와 반복시간의 증가시점은 지속적으로 감소하였다. 1세트 횟수별 안쪽넓은근의 iEMG는 5회부터 증가 하기 시작하였으며, 가쪽넓은근에서는 7회에서만 증가하였다. 세트별 iEMG는 모든근육에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았 다. 1세트 횟수별 안쪽넓은근의 MDF는 8회부터 감소하였으며, 가쪽넓은근은 5회부터 감소하기 시작하였다. 세트별 MDF는 가쪽넓은근에서 2세트부터 증가하였다. 세트별 심박수는 2세트에서 증가하였다. 젖산농도는 운동이 지속될수록 증가하였다. 운동이 지속될수록 증가하는 반복시간은 근피로를 암시할 수 있으며, 이를 활용하여 효과적인 훈련을 위한 모니터링으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the electromyographic response, heart rate and blood lactate of the main muscle according to the increase of repetition time during continuous resistance exercise. Twenty-one men in their 20s with a resistance exercise career of six months or more were selected as subjects and the repetition time, EMG of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis, and heart rate were measured during the 10RM squat exercise, and blood lactate was measured by resting time. The collected data were analyzed by repeated one-way ANOVA and the results were as follows. The repetition time by number began to increase from 3 times, and increase point in repetition time(>40%) and repetition time by set decreased continuously. The iEMG of vastus medialis increased from 5 times, and only increased from 7 times in vastus lateralis. The iEMG by set did not show significant difference in all muscle. The MDF of vastus medilais decreased from 8 times, and vastus lateralis decreased from 5 times. The MDF of each set increased from 2 times in vastus latealis. Heart rate increased in 2 sets. The concentration of lactic acid increased as exercise continued. The increasing repetition time as exercise continues can suggest muscle fatigue, and it is expected that it will be used as a monitoring for effective training.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of maximal exercise on anaerobic threshold,, blood lactate, LDH concentrations and EMG activities change in man artistic gymnasts. Twenty-one healthy, artistic gymnasts. Artistic gymnasts were divided in to business team(n=7), university team(n=7) and high school team(n=7). All subjects completed 3-min stage graded maximal treadmill exercise with bruce protocol. Bruce protocol was applied to collect the data for the anaerobic threshold, blood lactate, LDH concentrations and EMG activities. Blood samples were collected at pre, immediately after exercise and recovery 60 min. All data were presented as means ± standard deviation. There was significant differences in anaerobic thresholds measured by AT-% VO , AT-VO(㎖/㎏/min), AT-out time(min). The changes of AT-% VO , AT-VO(㎖/㎏/min), AT-out time(min) showed significantly difference between times and groups. The changes of blood lactate, LDH concentrations showed significantly difference between times and non significantly difference between groups. The changes of Surface EMG(vestus medials and vestus laterals) activities showed not significantly difference between times and groups. In the present results, It can be suggested that acute maximal exercise can influence on metabolic functions following individual working ability, muscle mass and exercise carrier difference.

본 연구는 시각적 피드백을 활용한 에어센서 밸런스 시트 앉기가 대학생의 몸통안정근육 활성화에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 연구 대상자는 대구 D학교 물리치료학과 재학생 28명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 연구는 시각적 피드백을 활용한 에어센서 밸런스 시트 앉기를 한 실험군(EG:n=12)과 일반 에어센서 밸런스 시트 앉기를 한 대조군 (CG:n=16)으로 무작위로 나누어 진행하였다. 실험은 근전도(EMG)를 사용하여 몸통안정화 근육들(RA:rectus abodominis, EO:external oblique, and ES:erector spinae)의 활성도 변화를 측정하였다. 연구결과 두 그룹 모두 RA 와 EO 두 근육에서는 유의한 변화가 없었으나, ES에서는 두 그룹 내, 두 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 몸통앞쪽보다 뒤쪽 근육에서 유의한 효과가 나타난 것은 중력에 대항하여 정상적인 척추 커브를 유지하기 위해 ES 근육들의 활성화되기 때문이며, 시각적 피드백을 활용한 에어센서 밸런스 시트 앉기가 근육활성화에 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 통증이 있는 환자를 대상으로 효과를 입증하는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

This study examined how sitting on an air-sensor balance seat with visual feedback influences the activation of trunk stabilization muscles in college students. A total of 28 physical therapy students from Daegu D School were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG: n = 12), which used an air-sensor balance seat with visual feedback, or a control group (CG: n = 16), which used a general air-sensor balance seat. Electromyography was used to measure changes in the activity of trunk stabilization muscles, namely, the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and erector spinae (ES). Although no notable changes were observed in RA and EO activity in either group, ES activation showed significant differences both within each group and between the two groups. These results suggest that the significant effects observed in the muscles at the back of the trunk rather than the front were due to the activation of the ES muscles to maintain a normal spinal curve against gravity. The findings confirm that using visual feedback with an air-sensor balance seat effectively boosts muscle activation. Further research is necessary to explore this intervention’s potential benefits for individuals experiencing pain.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of scapular retraction exercises at different shoulder abduction angles on shoulder muscle activity to efficiently strengthen the muscles. This study was conducted with 30 healthy male participants in their 20s enrolled at G University. The reason for selecting adult males among the participants was to minimize bias in the results and reduce potential variables that could arise during data analysis. The experiments for this study began with a preliminary test in March 2024, and participants were recruited and the study was conducted by the end of april 2024. The participants positioned themselves against a wall with an attached protractor, and muscle activation was assessed during retraction exercises at 60°, 90°, and 120°. The muscles examined included the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior. Resistance was applied by having the participants hold an elastic band while abducting their shoulders, and they maintained each end position at the three angles for 10 seconds. The middle trapezius showed the highest muscle activity at 90° of shoulder joint abduction. This is because the lever arm is at its maximum length and has a more efficient line of force than the upper and lower trapezius during this movement. The upper trapezius showed the highest muscle activity as the angle increased, while the middle and lower trapezius showed the highest activity at 60° and 90°. The serratus anterior showed the highest activity at 60°. Therefore, it can be concluded that scapular retraction exercises are widely used in shoulder stabilizer exercises.

This study aimed to investigate the differences in the activation of the lower extremity and back muscles according to the inclination angle during the sit-to-stand (STS) test. STS is commonly performed in daily life and is a prerequisite for independent upright mobility. STS is a complex process that requires coordinated contraction of the lower extremities and trunk. Although previous studies on STS have analyzed the kinematic characteristics of chair height and seat angle, there have been no studies on the effect of seat angle on the lower extremity and back muscle activities while standing up from a sitting position. Twenty healthy adults were enrolled in this study and performed STS. Measurements were conducted from sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit for rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (GA), and erector spinae activation using surface electromyography( EMG). Muscle activation was measured three times for 5 seconds in each posture, and the %RVC value was calculated after excluding for the first 1 second and the last 1 second of 5 seconds the measurement. In this study, pppmuscle activity in the GA was significantly lower at A10 and N than at P10 (p<.007). Muscle activity in the RF was significantly lower at A10 than at P10 (p<.007). The muscle activity in the ES was significantly lower at A10 than at P10 (p<.042). The anterior seat inclination position is thought to be applied as a therapeutic rehabilitation method because STS is possible with little muscle activation of the lower extremities and back muscles.

본 연구는 노르딕 워킹과 일반 워킹이 하지 근육, 특히 Tibialis Anterior와 Soleus 근육의 cocontraction 에 미치는 영향을 비교하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 연구 방법으로는 6명의 젊은 성인 참가자를 대상으로 표면 근전도(EMG)를 사용하여 두 가지 걷기 유형에 따른 근육 활동을 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 노르딕 워 킹은 일반 워킹에 비해 더 높은 Tibialis Anterior와 Soleus 근육의 cocontraction을 유발하는 것으로 나타 났다. 이는 노르딕 워킹이 근육 강화 및 조정 능력 향상에 효과적인 운동 방식일 수 있음을 시사한다. 그러나 참가자 수와 표본의 다양성 부족은 연구의 한계점으로 지적된다. 따라서, 더 광범위한 표본을 대 상으로 한 후속 연구가 필요하며, 이는 노르딕 워킹의 건강상의 이점을 더욱 명확히 밝힐 것으로 기대된다.

This study examined the effects of Nordic walking compared to regular walking on the co-contraction of lower limb muscles, specifically the Tibialis Anterior and Soleus, in 6 young adults using surface electromyography (EMG). The findings reveal that Nordic walking significantly enhances the co-contraction of these muscles, suggesting its potential for improving muscle strength and coordination. Given the small sample size and lack of diversity, further research with a broader demographic is essential to confirm these findings and fully ascertain the health benefits of Nordic walking.

우리 군은 현재 국방혁신 4.0을 통해 첨단과학기술군 육성을 위해 병력/화력 우위의 국방력 증강에서 기술적/질적 향상을 통한 국방력 증강으로 군 발전 변화를 모색하고 있다. 특히 4차 산업혁명을 통해 관심이 집중된 AI, IT융복합 기술, 우주공간 활용 능력, 레이저 및 로봇 등 최신과학기술은 코로나 팬데믹으로 그 발전속도가 가속화되면서 워리어 풀랫폼, 드론봇 전투단 등 감시 및 정찰, 지휘통제, 정밀타결체계 등에 첨단 스마트 센서, AI(인공지능) 기술을 통합하여 전투원과 무기체계가 초연결 된 복합시스템 체계로 발전시키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 민간뿐만 아니라 군에서도 활발하게 연구되고 있는 생체신호 기 술을 소개하고 이를 군사적으로 활용 시 전장에서 개인 전투원의 생존성 향상에 대한 효과와 전투효과 증대를 위해 활용할 수 있는 새로운 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 특히 전투효과 증대를 위해 무소음･무동작 상태에서 지휘통제 수단으로 활용할 수 있는 대안과 델파이 기법을 통해 최적 명령어 체계를 선정하여 제시하고자 한다.

Through Defense Innovation 4.0, our military is currently seeking a change in military development from strengthening defense power with superior force/firepower to strengthening defense power through technological/qualitative improvement in order to foster an advanced science and technology force. In particular, the latest scientific technologies, such as AI, IT convergence technology, space utilization ability, lasers, and robots, which have attracted attention through the 4th Industrial Revolution, have accelerated due to the coronavirus pandemic and are being developed into surveillance and By integrating cutting-edge smart sensors and AI (artificial intelligence) technologies into reconnaissance, command and control, and precision settlement systems, we are developing a complex system in which combatants and weapon systems are hyper-connected. In this study, we aim to introduce bio-signal technology, which has been actively researched not only in the civilian world but also in the military, and to suggest new methods that can be used to improve the survivability of individual combatants on the battlefield and increase combat effectiveness when used militarily. do. In particular, in order to increase combat effectiveness, we would like to select and present an optimal command system through the Delphi technique and alternatives that can be used as a command and control tool in a noise-free and non-operational state.

This study is an experimental study that uses the Abdominal Draw-In Maneuver (ADIM) and Abdominal Bracing Maneuver (ABM) to determine the effects of leg muscle-building exercises. The experiment was conducted on 40 normal people in their 20s who had no special problems or pain in the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. Muscle activities of lower extremity, including rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius, were measured during lunge exercise with ADIM and ABM. The study found that the muscle activity of TA was significantly higher during lunge exercise with ADIM compared to the baseline, with an average of 377.025 ㎶, and an average of 262.022 ㎶, respectively. However, the muscle activities of RF, BF, and gastrocnemius was not significant in the application of general lunge, ADIM, and ABM. The results of this study suggest that lunge exercise with the ADIM can be used to improve TA. Further studeis require the involvement of patients with weakened leg muscles in order to warrant the results of this study.

본 연구는 3D 프린터로 제작 도구를 이용하여 근육의 주행방향에 대해 강찰법 방향의 차이로 인한 근활성 도 차이를 확인하고자 한다. 대상자는 건강한 20대 성인 20명으로 진행하였고, IASTM을 근육 주행방향의 수직 강찰법 중재(수직군)와 근육 주행방향의 수평 강찰법 중재(수평군)를 적용하였으며 대상자를 각 10명씩 배치하였 다. 모든 대상자는 중재 전과 후의 근활성도를 독립표본 t-검정과 대응표본 t-검정을 사용하여 측정, 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 수평군에서 근활성도가 감소하였으나 수직군에서 근활성도는 유의한 증가가 나타났다. 이는 IASTM의 적용에 방향성의 차이가 의미가 있음을 알 수 있다.

This study aim to verify the difference in muscle activity due to difference in the direction of the stroking method for the stroke direction of the muscles using a tool made by a 3D printer. The subjects were conducted with 20 healthy adults in their 20s, and IASTM applied the intervention of the perpendicular stroking on the direction of muscle driving and intervention of the pararell stroking on the direction of muscle driving, with 10 each deployed. All subjects measured the muscle activity before intervention, and the muscle activity was measured and compared with the independent T test and the paired T test. The results of this study showed a significant increase in muscle activity in vertical groups, although the muscle activity in horizontal groups decreased. It was that differences in direction are significant in the application of IASTM.

[목적] 골프 스윙 시 3가지 스탠스에서 볼의 정확성과 스피드를 유지하기 위한 신체의 전략을 수직지면반력과 근 전도 변인을 통하여 알아보고자 하였다. [방법] 연구의 대상은 대학 남자골프선수 10명이 참여하였다. 어드레스에 서 스탠스 형태를 스퀘어(SS), 오픈(OS), 클로즈드(CS) 스탠스로 설정하여 분석하였다. 3차원 동작분석 시스템과 지면반력기, 근전도를 이용하여 스탠스별 7번 아이언 풀스윙을 통하여 결과를 산출하였다. [결과] 스탠스별 수직 지면반력의 피크값에 대한 크기차이는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 스탠스별 수직지면반력의 피크값에 대한 시간차 이는 FzT1, FzT2에서 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, FzT3은 SS가 OS와 CS보다 짧게 나타났고, FzT4는 CS가 SS와 OS보다 짧게 나타났다. 근전도값은 모든 구간에서 스탠스별 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 탑 스윙에서 하지의 최대 근전도 도달 시간은 OS, CS, SS 순으로 빠르게 나타났고, 근육에 따른 차이는 LRF, RTA, RBF가 빠르게 나타났다. [결론] 스탠스의 위치에 따라 동일한 방향의 샷의 구사는 체중이 이동되는 시간에 영향을 미치고, 이에 따라 하지 근활성화되는 타이밍이 달라짐으로 인해 일정한 스윙이 유지되는 것으로 사료된다.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate body strategy to maintain the accuracy and speed of the ball in 3 stances during a golf swing through vertical ground reaction force and EMG variables. [Method] Ten male golfers were participate in the experiment. It was analyzed through stance conditions (square, open, closed) during swing. Using a 3D motion analysis system, a ground reaction force, and an EMG, the results were calculated with the 7th iron full swing per stance. [Result] In difference in magnitude, there was no difference of the peak value of the vertical ground reaction force. In difference in time, there was no between FzT1 and FzT2, but in FzT3, SS was shorter than that of OS and CS, and FzT4 showed shorter CS than that of SS and OS. There was no difference in EMG values for each stance in all sections, but the maximum EMG arrival time of the lower extremities in the top swing appeared in the order of OS, CS, and SS, and LRF, RTA, and RBF showed rapid differences according to muscles. [Conclusion] Therefore, it is considered that the position of the stance affects the time the body weight moves in order to make full use of the shot in the same direction, and accordingly, the activation time of the lower extremity EMG is changed, so that a constant swing is maintained.