Earticle

수업은 교사와 학생의 복잡한 상호 작용으로 진행된다. 본 논문은 수업의 이러한 특성을 컴퓨터를 활용하여 정량화하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 논문에서는 수업 분석을 위하여 일반적으로 널리 이용되고 있는 플랜더즈(Flanders) 언어 분석법을 기초로 소프트웨어를 설계하고 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 언어 심볼 진행을 아이콘 요소로 추상화하여 사용자가 쉽게 입력과 편집이 가능하다. 현직 교사들을 대상으로 시행한 성능 평가에서도 사용의 편의성과 분석 결과의 실용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

A class is a complex and interactive process between a teacher and students. This paper describes a software design and implementation of the tool easily to analyze and quantize teaching ability. Our proposed software is implemented based on Flanders linguistic method. The software can easily represent the linguistic analysis results by abstracted graphic drawings. We carry out the performance test of our implemented software targeting incumbent teachers. In the experimental, we could demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of our implemented software.

본 논문은 기 촬영된 수업 동영상을 분석 결과와 동기화하여 재생시키고 확인할 수 있는 소프트웨어 구현에관한 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 동영상 재생 구간과 분석 내용이 동기화 될 수 있도록 하는 동영상 인덱싱 방법, 자료구조, 그에 따른 선별적 재생 방안을 제시한다. 사용자는 제안하는 방식을 이용하여 동영상 재생내용을 구간별로 확인할 수 있고 역으로 분석 결과를 입력으로 원하는 지점의 동영상 구간을 검색할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 수업 분석을 도입, 전개, 정리의 시간 흐름 단계로 구분하여 진행하였고, 단계별 재생에 맞게 일정 간격으로 분석 필터를 적용하였다. 구현된 수업 분석 소프트웨어를 사용하여 몇 가지 수업 사례를 적용한 결과, 성공적으로 필요한 수업 분석을 진행할 수 있었고 동기화 성능 실험에서도 그 효율성을 확인할 수 있었다.

This paper describes about a software implementation for class analysis and quantization based on our video synchronization method. We proposed a new indexing method, synchronization strategies, and data structure for our analyzer implementation. We implemented a class video analyzer using intelligent multimedia technologies which can play class video selectively. Our proposed method analyzes class videos depending on the time schedule composed of introduction, development and summary stages. We apply our analysis filters to the class videos in the predefined regular intervals. We experimented on the synchronization performance of our proposed method and software. In the experimental, we could demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of our class analyzing method within the margin of error.

본 연구는 수업 전문성 신장을 목적으로 한국어 수업을 관찰하고 분석한 수업 컨설팅 연구이다. 이를 위해서 수업 컨설팅의 다양한 개념과 기준을 살펴보고, 한국어 수업을 관찰 후 분석하여 수업 컨설팅의 구체적 내용을 분류하여 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 수업 컨설팅을 조언자, 협력 및 지원자인 컨설턴트와 수업을 하는 교수자가수업 전문성 신장을 위해서 수업에 대한 지식과 정보 등을 공유하고 수업과 관련된 제반 사항에 대해 상호 협력하며, 해당 교수자의 수업 관찰 및 분석 등의 과정을 통해 컨설턴트가 피드백을 하여 줌으로써 교수자의 수업을 질적으로 개선하고자 하는 과정이라고 정의하였다. 또한, 수업 컨설팅의 주요 원리를 이 개념과 연계하여 전문성, 자문성, 독립성, 조절성으로 규정하였다. 한국어 수업 관찰 및 분석 결과에 대하여 교수자 요인, 학습자 요인, 환경 요인의 세 측면에서 각 항목을 교수 방법, 교수 발문, 교수 태도, 학습자 특성, 학습 동기, 수업 참여, 수업환경, 매체 및 자료 등으로 나누어 이에 대한 세부 내용을 사례로 제시하였다. 그리고 한국어수업 컨설팅에서 보다 더 강조되어야 할 방향성에 대하여, 학습자 언어와 문화 특성에 대한교수자의 전문성 고취, 한국어 학습 내용의 효과적 전달 및 실제적 활용 능력 제공, 한국어수업에서 교수 학습 상황을 조절하는 교수자의 문제 해결력 신장 등으로 제안하였다. 이 연구의 결과가 한국어 수업의 사례 분석을 통해 수업 컨설팅의 실제를 점검하고 평가하여 교사의전문성 신장과 수업 개선을 위한 기초 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

This Study is instructional consultation research with increasing of teachingprofession. For this, we examined various concept and principle of instructionalconsulting and suggested consulting details after we observed Korean classes. We defined that instructional consultation is cooperative relationshipbetween consultants and consulting the recipients who make effort to increaseteaching profession and consultants give consulting the recipients feedbackthrough observation and analysis of class work. These include the knowledge& information on classes for development in teaching profession and the advice& counsel for qualitative improvement of classes. Also, we stipulate principlesas profession, consultation, independence and controllability in relation toconception of instructional consultation. We focused on results on observation and analysis of class work in termsteaching factor, learning factor and classroom environment. This studyproposed detailed contents with cases deviding as teaching methods, themethod of learning by questions, attitudes of teaching, characteristics of adultLearners, learning motivation, class participation, classroom instructionenvironment and mass media & materials. Furthermore, we suggesteddirections which need teaching profesion on language & culture of learners,effective communication & utilization ability about Korean learning contentsand problem-solving capability & control ability in Korean classes. We counton that results of this study are checked on actual instructional consultationthrough case analysis on the Korean classes and are utilized as basic data forteaching profession and lesson improvement.

본 연구의 목적은 수업 형태 분석법 중 하나이면서 탐구 수업에 최적화된 RTOP(Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol) 분석법을 활용하여 4학년～6학년 과학, 사회, 수학 교과의 우 수 수업 동영상을 관찰·분석하여 초등학교 탐구 수업의 특징을 파악함으로써 현장 교사에게 좋은 탐구 수업을 설계하고 구현하는 데 실질적인 도움을 제공하는 것이다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 초등학교 탐구수업에서 공통적으로 잘 드러난 특성은 <학 습공동체 강조, 일반적인 내용 설명에 앞서 학생 탐구가 선행, 일관된 개념적 이해와 교사의 깊이 있는 이해, 다양한 형태의 표현, 학생 발언 및 학생 간의 대화, 타인에 대한 존중, 학생 의 사고를 기다려주고 다양한 시도를 수용하는 교사의 인내심, 학생의 탐구를 지원>이 있다. 다음으로 초등학교 탐구수업에서 공통적으로 잘 드러나지 않는 특성은 <수업의 초점과 방향 이 학생의 생각에 따라 결정되는 것, 학생들이 예상, 추측 또는 가설을 세우고 이를 검증하기 위한 방안을 마련하는 것, 수업의 초점과 방향을 결정하는 학생의 질문과 의견>이었다. 마지 막으로 과목별 차이점은 수학, 사회 과목은 구성주의적 관점에서 학습자의 능동적인 지적 활 동 즉, 탐구를 강조하는 경향이 있었다. 그리고 수학, 과학은 주제에 대한 개념, 즉 명제적 지 식을 강조하고, 사회는 구성원들 간의 상호작용을 중시한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 탐구수업의 특징들은 좋은 수업의 특징들과도 매우 닮아 있다. 좋은 수업의 특징들 은 구성주의적 관점에서 학습자의 능동적인 지적 활동 즉, 탐구를 강조하는 탐구 수업에서 살펴볼 수 있었다. 따라서 좋은 탐구 수업을 설계하고 구현하기 위해서 기존의 탐구 수업을 관찰·분석하는 일은 의미가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to provide practical help in designing and implementing good exploratory classes for field teachers by observing and analyzing excellent class videos of science, society, and mathematics classes in 4th to 6th grade using RTOP (Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol) analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First of all, the common characteristics of elementary school exploration classes are 'Emphasis on learning communities, Student Exploration Prior to General Content Description, Consistent conceptual understanding and teacher-in-depth understanding, Expression of Various forms, Student speech and conversations between students, Respect for others, The patience of teacher who waits for students' thoughts and accept various attempts, Supporting students' exploration.' Next, the characteristics that are not common in elementary school exploration classes are 'the focus and direction of the class are determined by the student's thoughts, for students to make predictions, guesses, or hypotheses and come up with measures to verify them, Questions and opinions from students that determine the focus and direction of the class.' Finally, the differences between subjects are as follows. Mathematics and social subjects tended to emphasize the active intellectual activities of learners from a constructive point of view. And we can see that mathematics and science emphasize the concept of the subject, namely propositional knowledge, and society values interaction among its members. These characteristics of exploration classes are very similar to those of good classes. The characteristics of a good class were found in the exploration class, which emphasized the active intellectual activities of learners from a constructive point of view. Therefore, it is meaningful to observe and analyze existing exploration classes in order to design and implement good exploration classes.

목적: 본 연구는 잠재계층분석(Latent Class Analysis; LCA)을 통해 생활습관 유형을 분류하고, 각 유형의특성을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 2021년 한국의료패널조사 데이터를 사용하여 65세 이상 고령자 3,724명을 대상으로하였다. 주요 변수는 인구통계학적 요인과 생활습관(신체활동, 만성질환, 흡연, 음주, 스트레스, 체질량지수, 주관적 건강) 요인이며, 잠재계층분석(LCA)을 통해 생활습관 유형을 도출하고, 각 유형 간의 차이를 카이제곱 검정 및 효과 크기(Cramér’s V)를 통해 분석하였다. 결과: 잠재계층분석(LCA) 결과, 고령자의 생활습관은 4개의 유형(안정형, 균형형, 취약형, 위험추구형)으로분류되었다. 각 유형은 생활습관 요인에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p < .01), 특히 흡연과 음주, 주관적건강 인식이 주요 구분 요인으로 확인되었다. 또한, 유형 간 인구통계학적 특성에서도 연령, 성별, 교육 수준 등에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 결론: 고령자의 생활습관은 네 가지 유형으로 분류되며, 각 유형 간 건강행동과 인구통계학적 특성에서유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 건강행태가 상호 연관된 클러스터로 나타날 수 있음을 시사하며, 유형별 맞춤형 건강증진 중재의 필요성을 강조한다.

Objective: The aim of this study was to classify lifestyle patterns among older adults using latent class analysis (LCA) and analyze the characteristics of each identified class. Methods: Data from the 2021 Korea Health Panel Study?targeting 3,724 individuals aged 65 and older?were used. The key variables were demographic factors and lifestyle-related factors, such as physical activity, chronic disease, smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, body mass index, and subjective health. Lifestyle types were derived using LCA, and differences among classes were analyzed using chi-square tests and Cramer’s V for effect size. Results: Four lifestyle classes of older adults were identified using LCA: Stable, Balanced, Vulnerable, and Risk-seeking. Significant differences were found across lifestyle variables (p < 0.01), with smoking, alcohol use, and subjective health being the most significant distinguishing factors. Additionally, demographic differences, such as age, gender, and educational level, were observed across classes. Conclusion: Older adults’ lifestyles can be categorized into four distinct types, each with meaningful differences in health behaviors and demographic characteristics. These findings suggest that health behaviors tend to cluster, highlighting the need for tailored health promotion interventions based on lifestyle types.

우울증은 진단 내에서 광범위한 임상 양상이 나타나므로 우울증의 이질적인 특성 확인은 세부진단, 치료 및 예방에 도움이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 우울증 진단 하에 약물치료를 받는 임상집단을 대상으로 우울증의 잠재적 하위유형을 확인하고 이와 관련된 특성들을 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우울증 임상연구센터에 등록된 전국에 위치한 19개의 종합병원 정신과에서 총 1183명을 대상으로 수집된 자료를 활용하였다. 해밀턴 우울척도의 응답 유형에 근거하여 잠재적 집단 분석을 실시한 결과 심한 우울집단, 정서적 고통 집단, 가벼운 우울집단의 세 집단으로 유형화하였다. 잠재적 하위유형에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하고자 다항 로지스틱 분석을 실시한 결과 심한 우울집단은 다른 집단들에 비해 자살경향성이 더 높았다. 정서적 고통집단은 다른 집단들에 비해 정신운동장해가 없으면서 심한 우울집단과 유사하게 우울정서가 높고, 수면장해가 있는 것이 주된 특징이었다. 마지막으로 각 집단 별 주관적, 객관적 평가 척도들 간의 차이를 확인하였고, 3개월 후에 추적 연구하였다. 그 결과 심한 우울집단은 다른 집단들에 비해 더 심각한 임상양상이 나타났으며 3개월 후에도 이러한 양상이 지속되었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점에 관하여 논하였다.

Confirming the heterogeneity in depression may be useful in the its diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The purpose of this study was to identify the subtypes of depression and characteristics associated with it using data from clinical samples. Analyses were based on samples from 1,180 respondents from 19 psychiatric hospitals which had been registered in the Clinical Research Center for Depression. Latent class analysis was administered using responses from the Hamilton Depression Scale to identify a homogenous subtype of depression. Association between emergent latent classes and demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed. As a result, three subtypes of depression were identified: severely depressed, affective depressed, and mild depressed. The severely depressed subtype had more suicidal tendencies than the other groups. The affective depressed subtype tended to be as depressive as the severely depressed class, but without psycho-motor symptoms as compared to the other groups. In addition, the affective depressed subtype had more sleep disorder than the other groups. Based on a three-month follow-up study, the severly depressed subtype exhibited more serious and persistent depression. The implications and limitations of this study were also discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 노인의 주거빈곤 유형화를 통해 다양하고 복합적인 노인 주거빈곤 특성을 보다 면밀하게 이해할 필요성을 제시하고, 각 유형별 특성 및 예측요인을 분석하는 것이다. 분석자료는 한국복지패널(KOWEPS) 14차년도 자료(2019년)이며, 만 65세 이상 노인 가구주 3,141명을 분석대상으로하였다. 선행연구 검토를 통해 대표적인 주거빈곤 지표와 영향요인을 선정하였고, 분석방법으로 잠재계층분석, 다항로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 노인의 주거빈곤은 ‘주거점유불안정형(20.7%)’, ‘설비 및 구조 미충족형(3.5%)’, ‘주거안정형(75.7%)’의 3개의 유형으로 확인되었다. 주거빈곤 유형별 인구학적, 사회경제학적, 주거 특성에 따라 차이를 보였다. 공적연금미수급은 주거빈곤 가능성을 증가시키는 공통요인으로 나타났고, 비지상거주는 ‘주거점유불안정형’에, 단독주택거주는 ‘설비 및 구조 미충족형’에 속할 위험을 높이는 주요 예측요인으로 확인되어 유형별 주거빈곤을 예측하는중요 지표로 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다. 연구결과를 토대로 노인의 주거빈곤 위험에 대한 정책적 우선순위 설정, 비지상거주 노인의 주거안정 및 단독주택거주 노인의 주거환경 개선을 위한 제도적⋅법적 장치마련, 노후소득보장정책 개선 등 노인의 주거빈곤 특성을 고려한 주거지원정책의 필요성을 제언하였다.

This study aims to suggest the need to better understand the diverse and complex characteristics of housing poverty among the elderly through their classification types. Additionally, the study establishes principal data for the preparation of housing poverty policy for the elderly by analyzing its predictive factors by type. Data from the 2019 Korea Welfare Panel Study Year 14 were used for analysis, and the subjects were 3,141 household owners aged 65 or older. Representative housing poverty indicators and influencing factors were selected through a review of previous studies, and latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed as analysis methods. The results showed that housing poverty among the elderly was classified into three groups: “housing occupancy anxiety type (20.7%),” “facility and structure unfilled type (3.5%),” and “housing stability type (75.7%).” There were differences according to the demographic, socioeconomic, and residential characteristics of each type of housing poverty. The non-receipt of public pensions is a common factor that increases the possibility of housing poverty. Non-ground-floor residences have a strong effect that increases the risk of falling into the “housing occupancy anxiety type” and detached house dwellings into the “facility and structure unfilled type,” indicating that they can be used as important indicators to predict housing poverty by type. The results of this study suggest the need for a housing welfare policy considering the housing poverty characteristics of the elderly, such as setting appropriate policy priorities, providing institutional and legal mechanisms for stabilizing the housing of the elderly living on the ground, and improving the residential environment of the elderly living in single-family homes, improving the old age income security policy, etc.

Purpose: Adolescents with same-sex or both-sex sexual experience face disproportionate health risks, yet research has predominantly examined single health problems rather than their multidimensional patterns. This study employed latent class analysis (LCA) to identify distinct health typological classes among Korean adolescents and characterize the distribution of sexual behavior patterns across these classes. Methods: We analyzed 278,066 middle- and high-school students in the 2013?2016 Ko rea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The LCA used 17 indicators encompassing sexual be havior patterns, health behaviors, health perceptions, and mental health. Complex-sam ple weighted analyses examined associations between latent classes and sociodemo graphic characteristics, sexual behaviors, and diseases. Results: Four distinct classes were identified: mental health high-risk group (10.1%), sub stance use high-risk group (6.5%), average group (36.3%), and healthy group (47.1%). Adolescents with same-sex or both-sex sexual experience were disproportionately con centrated in the two high-risk classes, comprising 3.3% of the mental health high-risk group and 4.1% of the substance use high-risk group, compared with only 0.3% and 0.5% of the average group and the healthy group. The mental health high-risk group exhibited extremely elevated prevalence rates of suicidal ideation (96.2%), depressive symptoms (88.5%), and suicide attempts (27.5%), while the substance use high-risk group showed high rates of smoking (82.4%) and alcohol use (84.6%) but better mental health. Conclusion: Adolescents with same-sex or both-sex sexual experience demonstrate health inequality through disproportionate classification in the mental health high-risk group and the substance use high-risk group. The findings underscore the need for inte grated interventions combining mental health support and substance use prevention.

Purpose: Patients with stroke often experience a series of symptoms during treatment and rehabilitation,which may present various characteristics in different subgroups. The aims of this study were to explorethe characteristics of latent class groups of depression, fatigue, and pain in patients of different sexes withstroke and to determine the influence of demographic characteristics on different latent class groups by sex. Methods: The data of 501 patients with stroke were collected from two tertiary hospitals usingconvenience sampling between March 2022 and September 2022. The three-domain short forms of Patient-Reported OutcomeMeasurement Information Systemwere measured. Two homogenous classes wereidentified in the men and women groups using the latent class analysis method. Multivariable logisticregression analyses were used to examine the relationships of latent classes with demographic data by sex. Results: For the 501 patients studied, the latent class analysis model that fit with the two latent classeswas statistically significant for both men and women. In the men group, Class 1 comprised 38.8% of thepopulation, while Class 2 made up the remaining 61.2%. The probability of membership was 52.2% and47.8% for Class 1 and Class 2 in the women, respectively. Women had more severe symptom characteristicsand had more demographically impacted parameters than men. The factors that influenced maleand female patients differed, with household monthly income having the same influence in both groups. Conclusion: This study found that the latent classes of patients with stroke were highly heterogeneous,with women having more severe symptom characteristics and demographic differences.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the latent class of suicide-related behaviors among Korean adolescents and identify related factors. Methods: This study used 2021 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey data and analyzed 7300 participants using latent class analysis. Results: Suicide-related behaviors were categorized into four classes: suicide ideation only (Class 1), suicide plan without ideation or attempt (Class 2), suicide attempt with ideation and plan (Class 3), and suicide attempt without ideation or plan (Class 4). Sexual intercourse experience, habitual drug use experience, and hospital treatment experience due to violence, which were set as risky behavior-related variables, were found to be factors influencing Class 3. However, these variables were not statistically significant factors affecting those belonging to Class 2 and Class 4. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the necessity of understanding the variances in suicide-related behaviors among adolescents to tailor interventions effectively. Adolescents who plan and attempt suicide despite having low levels of suicidal ideation exhibited high levels of stress and a tendency for sadness and despair compared to the suicide attempt with the ideation and plan group. These insights underscore the importance of addressing psycho-emotional factors and developing intervention strategies that cater specifically to the nuanced needs of each group to prevent potential suicide attempts.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify latent classes of depressive symptoms among Korean adults and to examine the sociodemographic and biobehavioral factors associated with each subgroup. Methods: This secondary analysis used data from 4,646 adults who participated in the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Latent class analysis was applied to the 9 items of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to identify distinct subgroups. Multinomial logistic regression was then performed to determine the factors associated with class membership. Results: Three distinct latent classes were identified: the low-risk group (61.1%), the somatic symptom group (31.0%), and the global depression group (7.9%). The somatic symptom group, which comprised the largest proportion of symptomatic individuals, was characterized predominantly by physical complaints. In contrast, the global depression group showed high probabilities across all symptom domains. Female sex and shorter sleep duration emerged as shared risk factors for both depressive classes. However, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, including high-risk drinking and obesity, were associated exclusively with the global depression group, compared with the low-risk group, and were not associated with the somatic symptom group. Conclusion: These findings confirm the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms among Korean adults. Notably, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as high-risk drinking and obesity were associated with the most severe global manifestation of depression rather than with the somatic subtype. These results support the need for stratified interventions. Although sleep hygiene education may serve as a universal preventive strategy, targeted lifestyle modifications may be particularly important for individuals in the high-risk global depression group.

본 연구는 장애인들의 사회복지서비스 이용의 동태적인 변화와 그 집단 유형을 파악하고 하위집단별 유형이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 연세대학교 사회복지연구소에서 실시한 ‘성남시 장애인 권리증진을 위한 장애인복지정책(장‧단기계획) 수립 연구’의 자료를 활용하였으며, 총 188명의 자료를 잠재계층분석과 다항로지스틱 회귀분석, 다중회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애인의 사회자원 이용 유형은 사회참여지원서비스 집중형, 경제지원서비스 집중형, 의료서비스 집중형, 생활지원서비스 집중형으로 유형화되었다. 둘째, 네 잠재계층으로 구분된 ‘사회참여지원서비스 집중형’, ‘경제지원서비스 집중형’, ‘의료서비스 집중형’, ‘생활지원서비스 집중형’을 구별하는 요인에 대한 분석을 실시한 결과, 장애인의 사회복지서비스 이용을 결정하는 데 있어 주요하게 작용하는 요인으로는 연령, 성별, 교육수준, 가구소득으로 나타났다. 셋째, 사회자원이용 유형이 장애인의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 의료서비스 집중형에 비해 사회참여지원서비스 집중형이 삶의 질에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 장애인의 사회자원 이용의 유형에 따른 체계적 개입 방안을 논의하고 장애인의 삶의 질 증진을 위한 실천적 개입 방안을 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the latent classes of social welfare service use for people with disabilities and examine the trajectory effects of each individual latent class classified in social welfare services for the disabled on quality of life. This Study uses data from 'A Study on the Short/Long-term Plan for the Improvement of the Rights of Persons with Disability: the Case of Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do'. A total 188 respondents were analyzed. The Latent class analysis(LCA), multiple logistic regression and multiple regression analysis were mainly used for data analysis. The results of the study were as follows: First, four distinct classes for social welfare service experiences for disabled people were identified. They were named here as follows; ‘intensive use of social participation service', ‘intensive use of medical service', ‘intensive use of financial support service', ‘intensive use of supportive living service'. Second, the results from multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, sex, education and household income were determining factors in the social welfare service experience. Finally, the disabled in the 'intensive use of social participation service' is more likely to have high-level quality of life than those in 'intensive use of medical service'. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers suggested political and practical implications for improving quality of life for the disabled.

본 논문에서는 실제 살인사건에서 관찰되는 범죄현장 위장행동에 대한 분석을 실시함으로써 위장 행동에 대한 실증적인 이해를 돕고자 하였다. 2006년부터 2020년 2월까지 발생한 살인사 건 중 프로파일러가 살인범죄 피의자를 직접 면담한 자료 45건을 분석하여 위장행동을 선정하 고, 잠재계층분석방법(LCA)을 통해 위장행동의 유형분류를 실시하였다. 그리고 교차분석으로 유형화된 위장행동의 특성을 비교하였다. LCA를 이용한 유형분류 결과 위장행동은 강간 위장, 강도 위장, 자살/사고사 위장으로 분류되었으며, 유형에 따른 특성의 차이가 관찰되었다. 강간 위장의 경우, 성기 이물질 삽입 행동과 탈의 행동이 수반되는 특성이 나타났다. 강도 위장은 물 색 흔적과 침입 흔적을 남겨놓는 행동이 상대적으로 높은 비율로 관찰되었다. 자살/사고사 위장 에서는 손목이나 경부(頸部)에 상처를 남겨 놓아 자해 흔적으로 보일 수 있도록 위장한 행동이 관찰되었다. 유형별 범죄자 특성을 살펴보면, 강도 위장이나 강간 위장과 같이 다른 범죄로 위장 한 유형에서는 여성보다 비교적 남성의 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 강간 위장 유형에서는 피 해자에게 흉기를 사용하거나 맨손으로 폭행하는 살인방법이 관찰된 반면, 자살/사고사 위장 유 형에서는 피해자를 질식시켜 살인하는 비율이 가장 높게 관찰되었다. 본 논문은 국내에서 발생한 실제 사건을 이용하는 등 범죄현장 위장행동의 실증적인 자료 를 분석함으로써 범죄현장에서 관찰되는 위장행동의 초기 논문으로 볼 수 있다. 실제 사건을 분석한 실증적 연구로써 표본 수의 한계에 대한 아쉬움이 있지만, 위장행동의 유형화를 통해 범인의 특성을 파악함으로써 범죄현장행동에 대한 다각적인 이해를 도울 수 있다는 것에 의 의가 있다.

In this paper, the analysis of staging of crime scene observed in murder case. Among the murders that took place from 2006 to February 2020, the profiler selected staging by analyzing 45 cases of direct interviews with suspects in homicide. Types of staging were classified through the Latent Class Analysis(LCA). The characteristics of staging, which were characterized by cross-analysis, were compared. As a result of classifications using LCA, staging was classified as type of rape staging, type of robbery staging and type of suicide/accident staging. It was confirmed that differences in characteristics by type. In the case of rape staging, insertion of foreign substance to vaginal and abrasion behavior tend to occur frequently. The robbery staging accounted for a relatively high percentage of the actions that left traces of search and invasion. The suicide/accidental death staging was observed to leave scars on the wrist or the neck so that they could be seen as traces of self-harm. The criminal characteristics of each type showed that the proportion of males was relatively higher than that of females in types disguised as other crimes, such as robbery or rape staging. The proportion of men and women in the type of suicide/accidental death staging was similar. In addition, murder methods of using a weapon or assaulting a victim with bare hands were observed in the type of rape staging, but the rate of suffocation was the highest in the type of suicide/accidental death staging. In the type of robbery staging, the rate of suffocation or murder using a weapon was the highest. This paper is meaningful as an early paper of staging by analyzing empirical data. It is also meaningful that empirical data were analyzed to help various understanding of staging in crime scenes.

이 연구는 더글라스와 윌다브스키의 문화 이론에 기반하여 2023년 한국인들의 문화적 세계관을 구성하 고, 문화적 세계관이 실제로 사람들의 감염병 위험인식 및 위험귀인 인식에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 검정했 다. 이 연구는 2023년 5월 수집된 “산업안전에 대한 국민의식 조사”자료를 활용했으며, 방법론으로는 잠재집단분석과 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 활용했다. 연구결과, 한국인들은 크게 네 개의 문화적 세계관(권위주의, 평등주의, 개인주의, 운명주의)을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 권위주의자와 개인 주의자들은 감염병 위험인식을 비교적 낮게 판단하고 감염자 개인의 부주의로 판단한 반면, 평등주의자 들은 위험인식이 높았고 감염자 외부의 영향으로 감염이 됐다고 판단하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 정책결정자, 기업의 경영진, 전문가들이 감염병 관리와 커뮤니케이션 차원에서 기존의 합리적·기술적 설명방식을 넘어설 필요성을 시사하며, 사회적 집단의 문화적 세계관에 적합한 거버넌스와 소통방식을 고려해야 함을 보인다.

This study draws on Douglas and Wildavsky’s cultural theory to identify the cultural worldviews held by Koreans in 2023 and to examine how these worldviews affect individuals’ perceptions of infectious‑disease risks and their attributions of such risks. It utilizes data from the National Survey on Occupational Safety, collected in May 2023, and employs latent class analysis and multivariate logistic regression as analytic tools. The results show that Koreans exhibit four distinctive cultural worldviews—authoritarianism, egalitarianism, individualism, and fatalism. Authoritarians and individualists tend to perceive the risk of infectious diseases as relatively low and to attribute infection to individual carelessness, whereas egalitarians perceive the risk as high and tend to attribute infection to external factors beyond individuals’ control. These findings suggest that policymakers, business executives, and other professionals should move beyond traditional rational‑technical approaches to risk governance and communication, and adopt strategies tailored to the cultural worldviews of different social groups.

This study aimed to identify latent purchase motivation groups for pet vegan cosmetics and to examine their effects on product trust. A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted on 235 adult consumers who own pets. The analysis revealed two potential consumer groups: an “environmentally-satisfied” group and a “personally-satisfied” group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that brand image and quality significantly influenced product trust in the environmentally-satisfied group, whereas brand image, quality, product design, and price all significantly influenced trust in the personally-satisfied group. These findings suggest that consumers of pet vegan cosmetics have diverse purchasing motivations, indicating the need for differentiated marketing strategies. Specifically, strategies emphasizing brand image and quality are likely to be effective for consumers with high environmental awareness, while strategies focusing on product design and price would be more effective for consumers with lower environmental awareness. This study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing consumer purchase motivations and product trust in the pet vegan cosmetics market, offering a useful baseline for future marketing strategy development.

본 연구는 60세부터 74세까지의 독거 노인 남성의 대사증후군 복합 위험 요인을 잠재계층분석으로 분류하 고 특징을 분석했다. 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 520명을 대상으로 허리둘레, 혈압, 혈당, 중성지방, HDL 콜레스 테롤 수치를 분석했다. 그 결과 건강군(26%), 흡연 및 스트레스군(19.6%), 비만군(29.2%), 음주 및 우울군(25.2%) 의 4개 계층이 확인됐다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 흡연 및 스트레스, 비만, 음주 및 우울군은 건강군 대비 각각 4.86배, 5.11배, 2.76배 높은 대사증후군 위험을 보였다. 이는 독거 노인 남성의 특성을 고려한 맞춤형 건강 관리의 중요성을 시사한다.

This study classified multi-risk factors of metabolic syndrome in 60-74 year-old men living alone using Latent Class Analysis. Data from KNHANES on 520 men, including waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol, were analyzed. Four classes emerged: healthy (26%), smoking and stress (19.6%), obesity (29.2%), and alcohol and depression (25.2%). Logistic regression showed significantly higher metabolic syndrome risk in the smoking and stress (4.86 times), obesity (5.11 times), and alcohol and depression (2.76 times) groups compared to the healthy group, emphasizing the need for tailored health management for this demographic.

이 연구는 잠재계층분석을 활용하여 한국인의 통일의식을 동질 집단으로 유형화하고 집단에 따라 통일의 필요성 인식에 차이가 있는지 분석하며, 2003년, 2013년, 2023년의 시계열에 따라 변화하는지를 탐색하는데 목적을 두었다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 3개년 모두 3개 집단으로 유형화되었다. 한국인의 1/2을 차지하고 있는 유형 1은 시계열에 따라 비율 차이가 없었지만, 유형 2는 증가했고 유형 3은 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 둘째, 2003년은 유형 2 그리고 2013년과 2023년은 유형 1의 통일 필요성 인식이 가장 낮았다. 3개 시점 모두 유형 3의 통일 필요성 인식이 가장 높았다. 그리고 모든 유형이 시계열에 따라 통일의 필요성을 점점 낮게 인식하는 것으로 나타나, 한국인의 통일의 필요성 인식에 위기 상황이 발생했음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 위기 극복을 위해 특정 집단이 아닌 모든 한국인을 대상으로 통일의 필요성 인식 향상을 위한 통일 교육을 제공할 것을 제안하였다.

This study aims to classify South Koreans' unification consciousness into homogeneous groups using LCA and analyze whether there are differences in the perception of the necessity of unification among these groups, as well as how these perceptions have changed over the time periods of 2003, 2013, and 2023. The results are as follows: First, all three years were classified into three groups. Group 1, which comprises half of the South Korean population, showed no change in proportion over time, while the proportion of Group 2 increased, and the proportion of Group 3 showed a decreasing trend. Second, in 2003, Group 2 had the lowest perception of the necessity of unification, while in 2013 and 2023, Group 1 had the lowest perception. Across all three time points, Group 3 had the highest perception of the necessity of unification. Additionally, all groups showed a decreasing trend over time, indicating a crisis in the awareness of the need for unification among Koreans. This study is recommends providing unification education of enhance the perception of the necessity of unification for all Koreans in order to overcome this crisis.

At present, the domestic and overseas markets for artificial intelligence (AI)-based Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) services for medical video are rapidly increasing. Moreover, the future is also promising. In South Korea, AI-based software (SW) utilizing video and medical big data accounts for a large proportion of Korean SaMD standard diagnosis/detection assistance SaMD SW approved by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) and used for clinical experiments. Future work will focus on device development. Furthermore, Europe is currently the world’s second-largest market for medical devices. As a result, Korean manufacturers may explore marketing medical products to EU countries. However, the Korean medical device classification system and the European medical device classification system are different. In addition, European regulation is in flux, with an old standard (MDD) currently being updated to a new one (MDR); this presents additional factors that SaMD producers should consider. This paper presents the medical device grades that should be considered first for export. In addition, this paper also explains which provisions applicable to SaMD exist in MDR, as well as how Korean medical device (i.e., Korean SaMD standard diagnostic and detection assistance software) grades will change according to the new European legal standard (MDR).

In order to obtain ultra-high resolution MRI images, research and development of 11 T or higher superconducting magnets have been actively conducted in the world, recently. The high-temperature superconductor (HTS), first discovered in 1986, was very limited in industrial application until mid-2010, despite its high critical current characteristics in the high magnetic field compared to the low-temperature superconductor. This is because HTS magnets were unable to operate stably due to the thermal damage when a quench occurred. With the introduction of no-insulation (NI) HTS magnet winding technology that does not burn electrically, it could be expected that the HTS magnets are dramatically reduced in weight, volume, and cost. In this paper, a 6 T-class NI HTS magnet for basic characteristic analysis was designed, and a distributed equivalent circuit model of the NI coils was configured to analyze the charging current characteristics caused by excitation current, and the charge delay phenomenon and loss were predicted through the development of a simulation model. Additionally, the critical current of the NI HTS magnets was estimated, considering the magnetic field, its angle and temperature with a given current. The loss due to charging delay characteristics was analyzed and the result was shown. It is meaningful to obtain detailed operation technology to secure a stable operation protocol for a 6T NI HTS magnet which is actually manufactured.

Background: Evaluating embryo quality is crucial for the success of in vitro fertilization procedures. Traditional methods, such as the Gardner grading system, rely on subjective human assessment of morphological features, leading to potential inconsistencies and errors. Artificial intelligence-powered grading systems offer a more objective and consistent approach by reducing human biases and enhancing accuracy and reliability. Methods: We evaluated the performance of five convolutional neural network architectures—EfficientNet-B0, InceptionV3, ResNet18, ResNet50, and VGG16— in grading blastocysts into five quality classes using only embryo images, without incorporating clinical or patient data. Transfer learning was applied to adapt pretrained models to our dataset, and data augmentation techniques were employed to improve model generalizability and address class imbalance. Results: EfficientNet-B0 outperformed the other architectures, achieving the highest accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and F1-score across all evaluation metrics. Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping was used to interpret the models’ decision-making processes, revealing that the most successful models predominantly focused on the inner cell mass, a critical determinant of embryo quality. Conclusions: Convolutional neural networks, particularly EfficientNet-B0, can significantly enhance the reliability and consistency of embryo grading in in vitro fertilization procedures by providing objective assessments based solely on embryo images. This approach offers a promising alternative to traditional subjective morphological evaluations.