Earticle

본 연구는 뉴로피드백 훈련이 대학 야구 선수의 경기력 및 뇌기능에 미치는 효과에 대해 분석하였다. K 소재의 Y대학 야구부에 소속되어 있는 대학 야구 선수 총 28명을 대상으로 실험군 14명과 대조군 14명을 구분하 여 뉴로피드백 훈련 전후 경기력과 뇌기능의 변화를 분석하였다. 뇌파측정은 전전두엽 Fp1과 Fp2에 건식 전극을 사용하여 측정하여 분석하였고 경기력은 공개되어 있는 공식 경기 성적을 토대로 분석하였다. 그 결과 뉴로피드백 훈련에 참여한 실험군의 뇌기능 중 진폭대칭이 실험 전보다 후에 유의미하게 증가하였고 경기력의 향상이 있었다. 이러한 결과는 뉴로피드백 훈련이 대학 야구 선수의 경기력 및 뇌기능에 영향을 준다는 것을 시사한다.

This study analyzed the effects of neurofeedback training on the performance and brain function of college baseball players. A total of 28 college baseball players belonging to Y University's baseball team in K were divided into 14 experimental groups and 14 control groups, and changes in performance and brain function were analyzed before and after neurofeedback training. EEG measurements were analyzed using dry electrodes in the prefrontal cortex Fp1 and Fp2, and performance was analyzed based on publicly available official game results. As a result, the amplitude symmetry of the brain functions of the experimental group that participated in neurofeedback training significantly increased after the experiment compared to before, and there was an improvement in athletic performance. These results suggest that neurofeedback training affects the performance and brain function of college baseball players.

Recently, methodologies for developing brain-computer interface (BCI) games using the BCI have been actively researched. The existing general framework for processing brain waves does not provide the functions required to develop BCI games. Thus, developing BCI games is difficult and requires a large amount of time. Effective BCI game development requires a BCI game framework. Therefore the BCI game framework should provide the functions to generate discrete values, events, and converted waves considering the difference between the brain waves of users and the BCIs of those. In this paper, BCI game frameworks for processing brain waves for BCI games are proposed. A variety of processes for converting brain waves to apply the measured brain waves to the games are also proposed. In an experiment the frameworks proposed were applied to a BCI game for visual perception training. Furthermore, it was verified that the time required for BCI game development was reduced when the framework proposed in the experiment was applied.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the brain waves and develop various exercise programs to improve the physical and mental aspects of stroke patients when neurological physical therapy and sitting table tennis exercise are applied to stroke patients. Methods: In this study, an experiment was conducted on 15 patients diagnosed with stroke, and training was performed after changing the ping-pong table to a sitting position to apply ping-pong exercise to stroke patients. After training was conducted for 40 minutes twice a week for 4 weeks, brain waves were measured before and after. EEG was measured using Laxtha's DSI-24 equipment as a measurement tool, and data values were extracted through the Telescan program. Results: Most of the relative beta waves showed a significant difference before and after the intervention. As for the characteristics of beta waves, this result can be seen as being highly activated during exercise or other activities. Conclusion: Ping-pong exercise in a sitting position is a good intervention method for stroke patients, and it can help to use it as basic data in clinical practice by showing brain activity.

목적: 20대 남녀를 대상으로 눈꼬리가 올라간 눈에 아이라이너를 적용하여 추출한 뇌파와 감성반응을 통하여 정량적 데이터 구축 을 하기 위함이다. 방법: 본 연구는 눈꼬리를 올려 변형한 눈에 5가지 아이라이너를 적용하여 자극물을 만들었다. 자극물을 통하여 20대 성인 남녀를 대상으로 뇌파(coefficient of variation for the brainwave, CVB)와 평균선호도지수(API)을 도출하여 형용사 이미 지 맵에 포지셔닝을 하였다. 그리고 호감도와 베타와의 상관관계를 분석하여 메이크업 이미지를 과학적으로 분석할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 결과: 자극물을 통하여 추출한 뇌파와 감성평가 결과는 남녀 모두 θ파에서 NL의 자극에서 활성 되었고, α파도 비슷한 경향으로 AA자극에서 덜 감소되었다. β파와 γ파의 활성성비율은 PU의 자극에서 가장 높았다. 여성이 남성에 비하여 β파와 γ파의 활성정도가 컸으나 아이라이너 자극에 의한 뇌파반응 경향은 남녀가 비슷하였다. 눈꼬리가 올라간 눈에 대한 남녀의 감성은 여성적 이적이라고 공통적인 반응이었다. 호감도 지수는 남녀 모두 NL의 자극에서 좋았으며, AA의 평가도 좋았다. PU의 자극시 아이라이 너 호감도 지수는 남녀 모두 낮게 평가되었다. 5가지 아이라이너를 적용한 자극물 중 PU의 자극에서 양과 음의 이미지가 골고루 포 지셔닝 되었다. 결론: 눈꼬리가 올라간 눈에 적용된 아이라이너의 자극물을 보고 도출한 뇌파와 감성반응 결과는 남녀 간에 차이는 없었다. 본 연구 결과는 정성적 판단으로 시행하는 메이크업을 정량적인 이미지로 도출할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다. 향후 감성 반응과 뇌파값의 상관관계 데이터를 더 구축할 경우 뷰티 산업의 활용도가 높을 것으로 판단된다.

Purpose: To establish quantitative data through brain waves and emotional responses by applying eyeliners to sloe eyes in males and females in their twenties. Methods: This study created stimulants by applying five eyeliners to eyes whose shapes were changed by raising their tails. Using stimulants, the coefficient of variation for brainwaves and average preference indices were obtained from males and females in their twenties, and then were positioned on an adjective image map. It is also suggested how to scientifically analyze make-up images based on a correlation between preference and beta. Results: The evaluation of brain waves and emotions collected from stimulants showed that, for both males and females, a θ wave was activated using the NL stimulation, and α wave was less decreased using the AA stimulation. The activation rates of β and γ waves were most increased by PU stimulation. Although the activation of β and γ waves in males were higher than those in females, the brain wave response tendency stimulated by eyeliners was similar in individuals with both genders. The emotional responses to sloe eyes in individuals with both genders were commonly feminine. The preference indices in both males and females were high for the NL stimulation, and the valuation index of the AA simulation was also good. The preference indices of eyeliners in the males and females were low for the PU stimulation. Among the stimulants to which five eyeliners were applied, those of PU allowed regular the positioning of positive and negative images. Conclusion: There were no discrepancies in the brain waves and emotional responses of the males and females derived from stimulants of eyeliners applied to sloe eyes. The results suggest that it is possible to draw quantitative images from a make-up that is conducted based on a qualitative evaluation. If the data of correlations between emotional responses and brain waves are further collected, they would be efficiently used in the beauty industry.

目的: 通过在二十多岁的男性和女性的眼角上翘的眼上涂抹眼线，通过脑电波和情绪反应建立定量数据。方法: 将五种眼线膏涂在上翘的眼角上从而改变眼睛的形状来制造刺激物。利用刺激物，从二十多岁的男性和女性获 得脑电波的变异系数和平均偏好指数，然后将其置于形容词图像地图上。还建议了如何根据偏好和beta之间的 相关关系科学分析彩妆图像。结果: 通过刺激物收集的脑电波和情绪的评估表明，对于男性和女性，NL刺激均 激活了θ波，而AA刺激则降低了α波。通过PU刺激，β和γ波的激活率增加最多。尽管男性的β和γ波的激活程度 高于女性，但眼线刺激的脑电波响应趋势在男女中均相似。男性和女性对眼角上翘的眼睛的情感反应通常是女 性的。NL刺激下，男性和女性的偏好指数都很高，AA模拟的评估指数也很好。对于PU刺激，男性和女性眼线 的偏好指数均较低。在施加了五种眼线的刺激中，正负图像在PU刺激中均匀分布。结论: 眼线膏涂在上翘的眼 角上产生的刺激物引起的男女脑电波和情绪反应无差异。通过研究提出定性评估的彩妆中绘制定量图像的可行 性。如果进一步收集情绪反应和脑电波之间的相关性数据，它们将被有效地用于美容行业。

목적: 색상 적용방법인 대조와 유사색 배색방법을 아이 쉐도우 색상에 적용하여 배색에 따른 얼굴에 미치는 영향을 체계적으로 파 악하고자 한다. 방법: 20대 여성 30명을 대상으로 기본형의 아무런 색을 입히지 않은 눈(Non)에 아이 쉐도우를 대조와 유사색 배색 으로 각각 3 가지씩 제작하여 뇌파를 측정하였다. 측정된 뇌파는 뇌파변동계수(CVBs)와 모서리주파수(SEF50, 90)로 분석하였고, 8 개의 감성 형용사 쌍의 척도 값을 평균 선호도 지수(API)로 감성평가 하였다. 뇌파와 감성평가에 대한 통계분석은 SPSS를 사용하여 반복측정 분산분석(repeated measure analysis of variance)을 실시하였고, 95% 신뢰수준에서 Tukey's test를 통해 사후검증을 하 였다. 결과: 아이 쉐도우의 대조 배색은 유사색 배색보다 전반적으로 집중과 각성지표인 β파와 γ파가 활성 되었으며, 특히 B/W 배 색에서 가장 크게 증가하였다. 유사색 배색 자극 중 RP/B 배색에서 β파와 γ파의 활성 정도가 크게 나타났다. 대조 배색에서 hard, strong, heavy로 평가되었고, 유사색 배색에서는soft, dynamic, feminine, brilliant, bright한 공통적인 반응을 보였다. 아이 쉐도우 의 대조와 유사색 배색의 API는 β파와 반비례 관계였으며 API 반응이 양(+)으로 평가될수록 β파의 활성 정도가 작았다. API 반응결 과는 톤이나 색상 차이가 클 경우 negative로 평가되었고, 유사색 배색은 positive로 평가되었다. 결론: 아이 쉐도우의 배색 방법에 따른 뇌파와 감성반응 결과들은 아이 쉐도우 색상에 배색방법에 따라 얼굴에 미치는 영향을 정량적인 DB로 구축을 할 수 있는 기반 을 마련하였다. 이를 통해 효과적인 이미지 연출과 인터페이스 개선에 보조적 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다

Purpose: This study aims to systematically examine the effects of color arrangement on faces using a color application method for eye shadow: the contrast and similar color arrangement. Methods: Three kinds of eye shadows were applied on 30 participants (women in their 20s) with no eye make-up eyes (Non), depending on the contrast and similar color arrangement, method respectively. The coefficient of variation for brain waves (CVBs) and corner frequencies (SEF50, 90) were analyzed by measuring their brain waves as well as the scale values of eight pairs of emotional adjectives by introducing the average preference index (API). Statistical analysis of EEG and emotional evaluation was performed using SPSS, followed by repeated measure analysis of variance and post-test with Tukey's test at 95% confidence level. Results: Both concentration and awareness index, β, and γ wave, of the contrast color arrangement of eye shadows were entirely more activated than the similar color arrangement with an especially, high increase for the black/ white color arrangement. The activity was also stronger for the red-purple/blue color arrangement, among the similar color arrangement stimulation. The contrast color arrangement was commonly evaluated as hard, strong, and heavy, while the similar color arrangement was also commonly evaluated as soft, dynamic, feminine, brilliant, and bright. As the contrast of eye shadow and API reaction of similar color scheme were evaluated as positive (+), the degree of activity of β wave was small. Conclusion: The results of brain waves and emotional responses, to the color arrangement of eye shadows supposedly played an assistive role in producing effective images and improved interfaces, to establish a foundation for the quantitative DB of effects of eye shadow color arrangement.

目的: 系统地研究将颜色匹配方法即颜色对比和相似方法应用于眼影颜色，了解颜色对脸部的影响。方法: 根据 对比度和类似的颜色排列方法，分别对20多岁女性30名没有眼部化妆眼（非）的参与者应用三种眼影。脑波利 用脑波变动系数（CVBs）和角频率（SEF50，90）分析，感性评价通过引入平均偏好指数（API）来测量八对 情绪形容词的比例值来分析。使用SPSS进行EEG和情绪评估的统计分析，然后使用Tukey's检验以95％置信水 平重复测量方差分析和后测试。结果: 眼影的对比色比相似颜色的对比色更活跃，β和γ波作为浓度和唤醒指数被 激活最多，特别是在B/W着色中。RP/B中β-和γ-波的活动，在对比色中，它被评价为坚硬，坚固，重。在类似 的配色方案中，柔软，动感，女性化，灿烂，明亮表现出共同的反应。眼影和相似性着色API的对比度与β波成 反比，并且当API反应被评估为阳性（+）时，β波的活性较小。当色调或色差大时，API反应的结果被评价为阴 性，并且相似的颜色被评价为阳性。结论: 根据眼影着色方法的脑电图和情绪反应的结果为根据着色方法构建关 于眼影颜色对脸部的影响的定量DB提供了基础。因此，它可以起到有效图像渲染和界面改进的辅助作用。

Electroencephalogram (EEG) research has gained widespread use in various research domains due to its valuable insights into human body movements. In this study, we investigated the optimization of motion discrimination prediction by employing an artificial intelligence deep learning recurrent neural network (gated recurrent unit, GRU) on unique EEG data generated from specific movement types among EEG signals. The experiment involved participants categorized into five difficulty lev-els of postural control, targeting gymnasts in their twenties and college students majoring in physical education (n=10). Machine learning tech-niques were applied to extract brain-motor patterns from the collected EEG data, which consisted of 32 channels. The EEG data underwent spectrum analysis using fast Fourier transform conversion, and the GRU model network was utilized for machine learning on each EEG frequen-cy domain, thereby improving the performance index of the learning operation process. Through the development of the GRU network algo-rithm, the performance index achieved up to a 15.92% improvement com-pared to the accuracy of existing models, resulting in motion recognition accuracy ranging from a minimum of 94.67% to a maximum of 99.15% between actual and predicted values. These optimization outcomes are attributed to the enhanced accuracy and cost function of the GRU net-work algorithm’s hidden layers. By implementing motion identification optimization based on artificial intelligence machine learning results from EEG signals, this study contributes to the emerging field of exercise re-habilitation, presenting an innovative paradigm that reveals the inter-connectedness between the brain and the science of exercise.

본 연구는 성격구조인 자아상태(Ego-state)의 변화를 통해 자신의 성장과 건강의 유익성을 평가하고 있는 교류분석(Transactional Analysis : TA) 과 사람의 생체신호 중 뇌에서 발생하는 전기적 신호를 모니터링하는 뇌파를 이용하여 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 뇌파 검사결과, M형은 건강한 성인의 뇌파 소견으로 잠을 자지 않은 상태에서 후두부에서 a, ${\beta}$가 우세하게 관찰되었다. 특히, ${\beta}$는 긴장하거나 집중되는 정신 활동시 뇌 전체에 광범위하게 나타는데, M형의 실험자들은 N형의 실험자들과는 달리 안정된 상태에서도 ${\beta}$가 주종을 이루는 것을 알 수 있었다. N형은 건강한 성인의 뇌파 소견으로 잠을 자지 않은 상태에서 후두부에서 a, ${\beta}$가 우세하게 관찰되었다. 특히, 안정시에는 긴장이나 집중하는 M형과 달리, 긴장과 눈깜박임 같은 잡음도 나타나지 않았다. 더불어 이고그램의 패턴과 상관없이 A자아의 수치가 높은 대상자는 안정된 상태로 빨리 돌아오지 않고 눈깜박임과 침삼킴, 잡음이 많은 것을 보였다. 그리고 자아상태와 인생태도의 데이터의 차이가 모든 항목에서 같거나 -5이하인 11명의 뇌파가 전반적으로 $20{\mu}V$의 낮은 진폭을 보였다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 교류분석이론의 성격 패턴의 이론과 뇌파의 소견이 일치하는 것을 규명하였으며, 이고그램의 각 자아상태에 따라 뇌파 역시 관련이 있음을 확인하였다.

Through this study, we found out whether to measure objectively by using Transactional Analysis(TA) evaluating their own growth and benefit of health through the change of Ego-state, the personality structure and brain waves monitoring electric signals occurring in the brain of the human biological signals. According to the results of brain-wave test, M-type is brain-waves of healthy adults and a, ${\beta}$ were dominantly observed in the occipital while not sleeping. In particular, ${\beta}$ appears widely throughout the brain during nervous or concentrating metal activities and unlike N-type experimenters, ${\beta}$ was found to be dominant in M-type experimenters even in stable condition. N-type is brain waves of healthy adults and a, ${\beta}$ were dominantly observed in the occipital while not sleeping. In particular, unlike nervous or concentrating M-type, there was no noise such as tension and blink while resting. In addition, it turned out that subjects with high levels of A ego do not return quickly to the stable state and show a lot of Blinking and swallowing saliva, noise regardless of the pattern of Egogram. And brain waves of 11 people that the difference in data of OK-gram and Ego-state is the same in all items or less than -5 showed a low amplitude of $20{\mu}V$ in general. In conclusion, this study identified that the theory of personality pattern of Transactional Analysis Theory and brain-wave findings are consistent and also found out that brain waves are also associated according to each Ego-state of Egogram.

본 연구는 브랜드 이미지가 배경음악 구성요소의 변화와 특성에 따라, 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 알아보기 위한 목적에서 진행됐다. 이를 위한 연구방법으로 뇌파측정 방법을 사용했다. 피험자는 뇌파측정 코드를 장착하고 실험에 참여했고, 피험자가 느끼는 반응에 대한 뇌파는 모두 컴퓨터에 수치와 그래프로 기록됐다. 피험자는 모두 60명이었으며 실험은 측정방법상 인원 제한이 따르기 때문에 2008년 9월부터 2009년 2월의 6개월에 걸쳐 진행됐다.실험결과 측정된 뇌파측정치는 각각 독립적인 영역에서의 분석과 함께, 각 결과의 비교를 통해 어떤 차이가 존재하는가를 파악할 수 있도록 분석했다. 연구결과 광고 배경음악의 음계, 속도, 음량의 차이가 브랜드 이미지를 변화시킬 수 있는 유의미한 영향요인이라는 것을 파악할 수 있었다. 특히, 상대적으로 속도와 음량의 변화가 이미지 영역에 주는 영향력이 강하게 나타났다. 또한, 제품 관여도보다는 음악적 특성 변화에 따른 반응이 유의미하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to give technical base for how to use background music by examining brand image distinction from the musical characteristics in the advertising and product involvements. Thus, the first independent variables are musical character-istics of background music in advertising. The second are the product involvements. The dependent variable is brand image in the advertising. This study was conducted through an experiment by EEG-brain wave test equipment. The subjects of this experiment are 60 university students. They were given four types advertising and two types background music. The results of this study are the following. First, there is no strong relationship between brand image and product involvements. Second, musical characteristic of background music and brand image are significantly related. That is, the results argue that musical characteristics of background music should be carefully examined regarding their functions and roles in the decision making process for choosing background music for advertising. Furthermore, it would be so desirable to study how much the music conforms to brand image.

Taekukkwon was practiced far health previously. The experimental group consisted of undergraduate and graduate students practising in the above disciplines at Myong Ji University. The group consisted of three female and three male students and the aim of this research was to measure the brain wave change for opened and closed eyes. The result of this research are as follows. Firstly, when students were subjected to basic open eye brain wave tests, beta-waves displayed for all regions of the brain. In the frontal region fast beta-waves were displayed and in the central region alpha-waves were displayed. Secondly, in the closed eye brain wave tests, the control group displayed beta-waves in some regions and alpha waves in external and internal regions. For all students\` brain-wave patterns, the amplitude of the alpha-wave was low and the frequency was high. In some students theta-waves were displayed. Taekukkwon practice relaxes the mind and body and helps relieve social stress which shows that taichichuan practices is beneficial. Finally, characteristics of the subjects were mostly type A so the personalities of the subjects were fast and aggressive. This research shows a definite link between personality and personal relationships with beta-waves emissions. So, further research is required in the future to investigate this relationship. The subjects consumed too large amount of foods so it was necessary to change their dietary habits taking into consideration on total calories, fats, and protein. It was also necessary to carrying out nutrition education to the students in emphasizing appropriate attitudes in general health and dietary behavior.

이 연구는 Healing beats 프로그램을 건강한 성인에게 적용하여 뇌파, 스트레스 및 심박변이도에 미치는 효과에 대한 실험연구이다. E 대학교의 기관생명윤리심의위원회의 심의를 걸쳐 승인 (EUN23-63) 후 D광역 시, U시에 주민자치센터의 승인을 받았고, 이후 모집공고를 게시판 및 소셜네트워크(SNS)를 통해 선정 기 준에 부합하고 자발적으로 자원한 연구참여자를 선정하여 연구를 진행하였다. 대상자 모집부터 연구 진행 기간은 2024년 4월 8일부터 2024년 4월 18일까지였다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 뇌파의 앞파파와 베타파가 모두 유의하게 개선되었다. 스트레스와 심박변이도 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 Healing beats 프로그램은 뇌파를 안정화하여 심리적 안녕 을 만들어 업무 성과 또는 학업 향상에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대가 되며, 뇌파, 자율신경계 안정화 및 스트레 스 감소 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 확인하는데 필요한 기초로 활용될 것이다.

This study is an experimental study on the effects of the Healing beats program on brain waves, stress, and heart rate variability by applying it to healthy adults. After review and approval by the Institutional Bioethics Review Committee of * University (***23-63), approval was received from the Community Autonomy Center of D Metropolitan City and U City. Afterwards, the study was conducted by selecting research participants who met the selection criteria and voluntarily volunteered through recruitment announcements through bulletin boards and social networks (SNS). The study period from subject recruitment to April 8, 2024 to April 18, 2024. The collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0. As a result, both front and beta waves of brain waves were significantly improved. There were significant differences in both stress and heart rate variability. Based on these results, the Healing Beats program is expected to help improve work performance or academics by stabilizing brain waves and creating psychological well-being. This study will be used as a basis for developing brainwave, autonomic nervous system stabilization, and stress reduction programs and confirming their effectiveness.

뇌파 기술은 인간이 외부 환경과 소통하는 가장 좋은 방법이 될 가능성이 크다. 그러나 뇌-컴퓨터 인터페이스 관련 기술의 발달 부족으로 인해 뇌파는 일상생활에서 흔히 사용되지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 두뇌 내부에 있는 뉴런들 사이의 신호가 전달될 때 생기는 전기의 흐름에 따른 전류의 변화인 뇌파와 뇌의 활동이 아닌 다른 요인에 의해 발생하는 신호인 잡파를 이용하여 음악을 선택하는 시스템인 MSBW(Music Selection by using Brain Waves) 에 대해 기술한다. MSBW 시스템은 실시간 뇌파 측정기인 Neurosky Mind wave Mobile Brain wave Starter Kit 를 통해 사용자의 뇌에서 방출되는 뇌파와 안검잡파를 인식하여 집중도를 분석하고 이러한 뇌파를 기반으로 음악을 선곡한다. MSBW에서 사용하는 안검잡파는 미약한 뇌파 신호를 보완하기 위한 것이다.

Brain wave technology is likely to be the best way for humans to communicate with the external environment. However, due to the lack of development of brain-computer interface related technologies, brain waves are not commonly used in daily life. In this paper, a system called MSBW(Music Selection by using Brain Waves) is described. The MSBW uses brain waves, which is a change in electric current caused by the flow of electricity when signals are transmitted between neurons inside the brain, and miscellaneous waves, which are signals generated by factors other than brain activity. The MSBW system recognizes the brain waves and eyelid flutter and blinking artifact emitted from the user's brain through the Neurosky’s Mind Wave Mobile Brain wave Starter Kit. The eyelid flutter and blinking artifact used in MSBW is to compensate for the weak brain wave signals.

본 연구는 뇌파를 평가도구로 활용한 국내 미술치료 연구동향을 분석하여, 향후 미술치료 분야에서의 뇌파 활용방안에 대한 기초자료를 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2023년 1월을 기준으로 학술정보를 제공하는 국내기관을 통해 27편의 논문을 분석대상으로 선정하였다. 선정된 분석대상을 일반적, 연구방법, 뇌파활용 동향의 세 가지 측면에서 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 뇌파평가 활용 국내 미술치료 연구는 2008년을 시작으로 비교적 꾸준하게 발행되었고, 차의과학대학교 통합의학대학원에서 가장 많이 발행되었다. 둘째, 연구방법 측면에서 연구대상은 아동기~성인기로 대부분 설정되면서 유아기를 제외한 전 발달단계를 포함하고 있으며, 일반군 및 각종 문제를 호소하는 대상을 포함하고 있다. 연구유형은 실험연구와 사례연구로 이루어졌으며, 양 유형에서 모두 사전·사후 검사의 측정치를 비교하는 설계를 빈번하게 적용하였다. 셋째, 뇌파 측정기는 (재)한국정신과학연구소에서 개발한 뉴로하모니 시리즈가 가장 많이 사용되면서, 2개의 측정 채널을 이마부위에 부착하여 빈번하게 측정하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 후속 연구에 대한 제언과 시사점을 논하였다.

This study analyzed the research trends in domestic art therapy using brain waves evaluation to provide fundamental data in the field of art therapy. A total of 27 papers published as of January 2023 were selected as the targets for analysis. The targets were examined from three perspectives: general trends, research method trends, and brain wave utilization trends. The results are as follows. First, studies in this area have been published relatively consistently since 2008. Second, regarding research methods, the subjects were diverse, encompassing all stages of human development except infancy. Comparative designs comparing pre-and post-test measurements were frequently employed. Third, the tools commonly used for measurement involved attaching two channels to the forehead. Suggestions and implications for future studies were discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 라벤더, 제라늄이 함유된 샴푸의 향으로부터 후각반응을 뇌파 분석을 통해 인체t생리에 어떠한 반응을 나타내는지 화장품에 함유된 천연 향을 중심으로 고찰함에 목적이 있다. 이에 두피모발화장품인 샴 푸를 중심으로 샴푸에 함유된 라벤더 향과 제라늄 향을 중심으로 전전두엽, 전두엽, 후두엽, 측두엽, 두정엽에서 나타나는 뇌 영역별 뇌파 변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 화장품에 함유된 라벤더 향은 전반적인 뇌 영역에서 알파 파의 활성화를 가져왔으며 심신 안정과 향의 단기기억 효과가 도출되었다. 제라늄 향은 후두엽을 중심으로 강한 뇌파활성화가 나타났고, 심화된 각성과 각인효과가 도출되었다. 이는 인체생리학적 접근으로의 뷰티화장품 연구로 서 의의가 있으며 향후 화장품 개발에 있어서 인체생리학적 접근을 기반으로 하는 새로운 기초자료로의 활용을 기대할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the scent of lavender and geranium shampoo, focusing on the scent of cosmetics through EEG tests. the changes in brain waves in the frontal lobe, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe and parietal lobe were investigated based on the scent of lavender and geranium contained in shampoo. the results show that the scent of lavender in cosmetics activates alpha waves in the brain area, stabilizes the body and mind, and has a short-term memory effect. the scent of geranium intensifies the awakening and strong memory effects due to its strong brain wave activation centered on the laryngeal lobe. this is significant as a study of beauty cosmetics based on human physiology, and it can be expected to be used as a new basic data based on human physiology in future cosmetic development.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a virtual reality (VR) program on balance ability and brain waves in stroke patients, and to provide additional therapeutic evidence for brain plasticity and clinical treatment. The study involved a total of 20 stroke patients, using a pre-post single measurement experimental design. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (N=10), which used a VR program, or the control group (N=10), which performed seated balance training using the gym ball tool without VR. The VR program included 15 minutes of tennis and 15 minutes of badminton for the experimental group, while the control group used the gym ball tool for seated balance exercises, performing balance training for 15 minutes in the front-back direction and 15 minutes in the side-to-side direction. Additionally, balance ability was assessed for 20 minutes before and after training, and brain waves were measured for a total of 10 minutes in 2-minutes and three times intervals before and after the training. Balance ability assessments showed a significant increase in the movement of center of pressure (COP) from 12.97±10.51 before training to 23.75±15.40 after training in both groups. Notably, brain wave measurements indicated a significant increase in the Fp1 region from 0.363±0.054 before training to 0.424±0.044 after training, and a significant change in relative beta waves in the O2 region from 0.316±0.107 before training to 0.419±0.142 after training (p<.05). This study demonstrated that balance exercises based on virtual reality activate brain plasticity, leading to changes in brainwave patterns and positive effects on balance ability. It is believed that this approach could not only improve the quality of life for stroke patients but also offer a new paradigm in stroke rehabilitation therapy.

이 연구는 20-30대 및 40-50대 연령을 대상으로 1박 2일간 온천 트레킹 헬스투어 참여에 따른 스트레스 감소 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 온천 트레킹 헬스투어 참여 전·후 뇌파(델타, 세타, 알파, 베타, 감마) 및 심박변이도(스트레스 저항지수, 저주파, 고주파, 저/고주파 비율)를 평가하였으며, 혼합설계 이원변량분석으로 분석하였다. 유의한 차이가 발생하는 경우 bonferroni 방법으로 post-hoc하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 뇌파 측정 주파수 중 알파파에서 시기에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 40-50대 집단에서 사후 측정 시 증가하였다. 둘째, 뇌파 측정 주파수 중 델타, 세타, 베타, 감마파는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 심박변이도는 연령과 시기에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이를 요약하면 숲과 온천 환경을 활용한 온천 트레킹 헬스투어 프로그램이 알파파의 변화를 가져와 휴식 및 안정과 같은 이완을 주는 것으로 생각되며, 이완 및 스트레스 관련 다른 매개변수들의 효과를 관찰하기 위한 세부 프로그램 또는 체류기간의 변화를 달리한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

This study aimed to assess the stress-reducing effects of participating in a 2day, 1night Hot Spring Trekking Health Tour on individuals in their 20-30, as well as those aged 40-50 and above. Electroencephalographic(EEG) brain wave activity(delta wave, theta wave, alpha wave, beta wave, gamma wave) and Heart Rate Variability(stress resistance index, low frequency, high frequency, and the low/high ratio) were evaluated before and after the tour. A mixed-design two-way ANOVA was employed to analyze the data. In cases where significant differences were identified, post-hoc comparisons were conducted using the Bonferroni method, yielding the following results. First, among the EEG frequency bands, alpha waves demonstrated a significant increase post-intervention in the group aged 40-50 and above. Second, no significant differences were observed in delta, theta, beta, and gamma wave frequencies. Third, heart rate variability did not show any significant differences across age groups or time periods.The hot spring trekking health tour program, which utilizes the forest and hot spring environment, is believed to induce changes in brain waves and promote relaxation, including rest and stability. However, further research is necessary to explore the effects on additional parameters related to relaxation and stress, through the implementation of varied program details or differing durations of stay

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma foot reflexology massage on mood states specifically depression and brain waves of elderly women with osteoarthritis. Methods: The study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The participants were 62 elderly women with osteoarthritis. The instruments were the Korean-Profile of Mood States-Brief for mood states and 8-channel EEG (Electroencephalogram) system for brain waves. Data were collected from March to May, 2012. Twenty-six participants were assigned to the treatment group and twenty-six to the comparison group. The data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 17.0 version program, and included descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANCOVA. The intervention was conducted three times a week for two weeks. Results: There were significantly improvement in reported depression. Brain waves (EEG) increased significantly in F3, T3 of α wave and in F4, T3, and P4 of β wave between the two groups. Conclusion: Aroma foot reflexology massage can be utilized as an effective intervention to decrease depression of mood states, increase of α, and β brain wave on women elderly with osteoarthritis.

본 연구에서는 지압과 온열이 조합된 지압온열침대를 사용하여 뇌파와 맥파의 생체신호에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 건강한 성인 40명을 대상으로 조합자극침대를 사용하는 실험군 20명과 무자극의 대조군 20명 으로 나누었다. 실험 결과, 뇌파는 실험군에서 델타파와 세타파에서 유의미하게 증가하였고 알파파와 베타파는 유 의미하게 감소하였다. 맥파는 실험군에서 부교감신경활성지표가 증가하였으며 심박은 감소하였다. 대조군에서는 아무런 차이가 없었다. 이러한 뇌파의 변화는 조합자극침대가 수면유도의 효과를 주는 것으로 볼 수 있으며 맥파의 변화는 이완의 효과가 나타났다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 연구는 다양한 조합자극기기와 기능성 침대 제품개발에 기초 데이터로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on the bio signal of brain waves and pulse waves using acupressure thermal bed combined with acupressure and thermal therapy. Forty healthy adults were divided into 20 experimental groups using combinatorial stimulation beds and 20 non-irritating controls. As a result of the experiment, the EEG was significantly increased in the delta wave and theta wave in the experimental group, and the alpha wave and beta wave decreased significantly. The pulse wave increased the parasympathetic activity index in the experimental group and the heart rate decreased. There was no difference in the control group. This change in EEG can be seen as a combination stimulation bed having a sleep-inducing effect, and a change in pulse wave can seen as having a relaxing effect. This study is expected to be used as basic data for the development of various combination stimulators and functional bed products.

日本語東京方言は示差的アクセント、韓国語ソウル方言は非示差的アクセントといったように両言語は音韻論的 に異なる。そこで、両言語の母語話者が、アクセントに関わる音調の違いをどのように脳内で処理しているかという点を 聴覚音声学的観点から捉えた。 本研究では韓日両言語の母語話者を対象として、それぞれの母語話者のアクセントに対する脳内での認知反応 をERP波形から分析した。両言語の話者におけるアクセントの認知に関する暫定的な結論を以下にまとめる。 1) ERP波形におけるN1とP2成分の結果から、日本語母語話者では、潜時は速く、電圧が低くなり、韓国語母語 話者では、潜時は遅く、電圧が高くなっているという違いが確認できた。この違いは、両言語の母語話者共に母 語にない音調を識別するのは難しいため、潜時が遅くなっていると推察し、示差的アクセントを有するか否かによ るものと解釈した。 2) 声調ごとによるN1成分における潜時の結果は、日本語母語話者は、4声が一番速く、2声＜1声＜3声の順に なっている。一方、韓国語母語話者は4声が一番速く、次に2声＜1声＝3声の順になっている。よって、両言語の 母語話者における音調の認知は、共に下降調に鋭敏な反応をするという共通点が得られた。 以上の点から、音韻論的に非示差的アクセント体系を有する韓国語母語話者の場合には、音声学的に母語に近 いアクセントパターン(下降調)を知覚しており、一方、音韻論的に示差的アクセント体系を有する日本語母語話者の 場合には、頭高アクセントパターン(下降調)の方に鋭敏な反応をしている。この結果は日本語の単音節語における音 響解析結果と認知とが必ずしも一対一致しないという好例であり、そのギャップは脳の働きによるものだと考えられる。

본 연구는 신축성 테이핑과 특허받은 원적외선 신축성 테이핑 요법을 통해 학생들의 뇌파(두뇌활동) 및 맥파(두뇌 스트리스) 변화를 검증하는데 있다. 대상자는 대학생 40명으로 신축성 테이핑 적용 그룹(ETA), 원적외선 신축성 테이핑 적용 그룹(FETA)으로 반복측정하였다. 걷기는 각 60분, 120분간 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 뇌파(두뇌활동)는 유의하 게 나타났고, 둘째, 맥파(두뇌스트레스)도 유의하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 걷기 시 원적외선 신축성 테이핑 방법에 긍정적인 영향을 나타낸다.

This study, walking exercise is to verify the change of the brain(brain activity) and pulse waves(brain stress) of students to the treatment of elastic taping and far infrared ray elastic taping. Subjects were composed of repeated measures ANOVA with 40 university students. Each walking exercise session was conducted for 60minutes and 120minutes. The results showed that brain(brain activity) is low at FETA(far infrared ray elastic taping application group) and ETA(elastic taping application group). Second, pulse waves(brain stress) is low at FETA and ETA. Considering all of these results, it is suggested that the use of far infrared ray elastic taping with walking exercise has influences on the change of brain(brain activity) and pulse(brain stress) waves.