Earticle

본 연구는 2019 개정 누리과정 실행에 유아교사의 경험을 알아보기 위해 기존의 연구물들을 종합하여 질적 메타분석을 실시하였다. 2019 개정 누리과정 실시하는 현장에서 드러나는 교사 의 경험에 대한 포괄적인 파악을 위한 것이므로 분석 대상이 충 8편을 선정하였다. 8편의 분석 대상 연구물을 반복하여 읽으면서, 개별 연구마다 저자의 의도와 자료의 의미를 유지하는 동시에 2019 개정 누리과정 실행에 현장에서 나타나는 교사의 경험에 대해 추출된 분석틀인 ‘경험, 어려움’을 중심으로 8개 범주를 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 개정 누리 과정 실행되면서 교 사들이 놀이중심, 유아중심 교육과정을 운영하기 위해 많은 노력을 했다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 둘째, 그러나 교사들은 놀이지원을 하면서 어디까지 놀이고 어디까지 교육인지 구분하기 어려운 것을 느끼게 되면서, 명확한 지침이 없어서 혼란스러움을 경험하게 되기도 하였다. 이러한 결과 의 바탕으로 놀이중심 교육과정을 실행에 유아교사가 유아의 놀이를 지원하는 과정에서 나아가 야 할 방향에 대한 시사점을 도출하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교사들은 유아놀이의 가치를 더 깊이 생각하고 유아중심, 놀이중심 교육과정의 가치와 목표를 조화롭게 실천하기 위해 교사의 과대한 업무량을 줄이고 유아의 놀이를 관찰하고 기록하여 그것을 바탕으로 성찰하는 시간을 제공해 주어야 한다. 둘째, 교사마다 교육과정에 대한 이해정도가 다르기 때문에 교사들은 서로의 정보 를 공유할 수 있는 장을 마련해 주는 것을 제안해 본다.

This study conducted a qualitative meta-analysis by synthesizing existing studies to find out the experiences of early childhood teachers in the implementation of the 2019 revised Nuri course. Since it is for a comprehensive understanding of the teacher's experiences revealed in the field of implementation of the 2019 revised Nuri course, a total of 8 studies were selected. While reading the eight studies to be analyzed repeatedly, the authors' intentions and the meaning of the data were maintained for each individual study, and eight categories were made centering on 'Experiences, Difficulties', an analysis framework extracted from the teacher's experiences in the field in the implementation of the 2019 revised Nuri course. The results of this study are, first, it can be seen that teachers have made a lot of effort to operate the play-oriented and early childhood-oriented curriculum while implementing the revised Nuri course. Second, while providing play support, teachers felt that it was difficult to distinguish between how far they played and how far they were educated, and experienced confusion because there were no clear guidelines. Based on these results, the implications for the direction in which early childhood teachers should proceed in the process of supporting children's play in the implementation of the play-oriented curriculum are as follows. First, teachers think deeply about the value of early childhood play and are early childhood-oriented.In order to harmoniously practice the values and goals of the play-centered curriculum, it is necessary to reduce the excessive workload of teachers, observe and record children's play, and provide time for reflection based on it. Second, since each teacher has a different degree of understanding of the curriculum, it is suggested that teachers provide a place to share information with each other.

본 연구는 중국 소주시의 5성급 호텔을 대상으로 호텔 서비스 품질이 고객만족에 미치는 영향 과 그에 따른 충성도에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 중국 환대 산업의 학문적 발전과 실무적 관리 측면에 대한 고찰을 통해 고객만족과 충성도를 높이기 위한 구체적인 방안을 도출하고자 한다. 우리는 서비스 품질, 고객만족, 충성도에 대한 기본적인 이해를 바탕으로 이론적이고 실증적인 접근을 혼합하여 사용하였다. 이러한 이론적 틀을 바탕으로 연구 목적을 달성하기 위한 구조화 된 설문지를 작성하였다. 지리적 범위는 소주시의 5성급 호텔에 한정하였으며, 실증적 자료 수 집은 2021년 3월 8일부터 5월 22일까지이다. 내용적 범위는 호텔 서비스 품질, 고객만족, 충성 도 간의 연관성에 초점을 맞추었다. 통계분석은 SPSS 26.0 for Windows를 사용하여 수행하였 다. 연구 결과에 따르면 ① 서비스 품질은 고객만족에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 5개 차원 중 4개 차원인 ‘다양성’, ‘확실성’, ‘신뢰성’, ‘반응성’이 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났 다. 이와 유사하게 앞서 언급한 4개 차원의 충성도의 긍정적인 연관성에서도 ② 서비스 품질은 충성도에 유의한 영향을 미친다. ③ 고객만족은 충성도를 형성하는 데 중추적인 역할을 한다. 본 연구의 표본은 소주시의 특급호텔 내 중국인 고객으로 한정되어 있으며, 향후 연구에서는 다양한 배경을 가진 외국인 고객을 대상으로 확장할 필요가 있다. 또 자체 보고 설문지에 의존 하는 것은 잠재적인 응답 편향으로 인해 주의가 필요하다.

This study investigated the impacts of hotel service quality on customer satisfaction and its subsequent influence on loyalty in the context of five-star hotels in Suzhou, China. The aim was to derive specific strategies for enhancing customer satisfaction and fostering loyalty through an examination of both the academic advancements and practical management aspects of China's hospitality industry. A blend of theoretical and empirical approaches was employed, with the former laying the foundational understanding of service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Building on this theoretical framework, a structured questionnaire was administered to fulfill the research objectives. The geographical scope was confined to Suzhou's five-star hotels, and the empirical data collection spanned from March 8th to May 22nd, 2021. The content scope focused exclusively on the nexus between hotel service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 for Windows. The findings reveal that: ① Service quality significantly affects customer satisfaction, with four out of the five dimensions—“variety,” “certainty,” “reliability,” and “responsiveness”—positively influencing satisfaction. ② Similarly, service quality significantly impacts loyalty, as evidenced by the positive associations of the aforementioned four dimensions with loyalty. ③ Customer satisfaction plays a pivotal role in shaping loyalty. It is noteworthy that the study's sample was limited to Chinese clientele in Suzhou's luxury hotels, and future research should include international guests from diverse backgrounds. Additionally, the reliance on self-reported questionnaires necessitates caution due to potential response bias.

제4차 산업혁명은 데이터 경제의 도래와 디지털화의 가속화로 초연결, 지능화, 플랫폼 화가 이루어지면서 개인과 사회의 구조적 변화를 초래하게 되었다. 특히 최근 언택트 문화가 자리 잡은 포스트 코로나 19시대를 맞이하며 무인점포는 주목받고 있다. 따라 서 향후 중국 무인 편의점 시장은 더욱 발전할 것이므로 중국 무인 편의점의 소비자 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요소를 파악하는 것은 의미가 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 중국의 베이징에 거주하는 20대-40대 소비자를 대상으로 통합기술수용이론 핵심변수, 체험경 제이론 핵심변수, 소비자특성이 만족도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 기업 측면에는 소비자들의 무인 편의점에 대한 만족도를 향상시킬 수 있는 영향 요인을 파악 하여 마케팅 전략 수립에 기초 자료가 될 것이다. 본 연구에 대한 결론과 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통합기술수용이론 핵심변수 중 성과기대, 촉진조건과 노력기대는 무인 편의점 만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 보였고 반면 사회적영향이 높을수록 무인 편의점 만족도에 부(-)의 영향 미치고 있었다. 둘째, 체험경제이론 핵심변수 중에서는 미적 요소와 교육 적 요소가 높을수록 무인 편의점 만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있었다. 따라서 소비 자들이 무인 편의점의 만족도를 제고하기 위해서는 미적요소와 교육적 요소가 중요하 게 고려되어야 한다. 셋째, 소비자특성인 친숙성과 개인혁신성은 만족도에 긍정적 영향 을 보이는 중요한 변수임이 확인되었다. 즉 친숙성이 높을수록, 개인혁신성이 높을수록 무인 편의점의 만족도는 높아짐을 알 수 있었다.

The 4th Industrial Revolution resulted in structural changes in individuals and society as hyper-connection, intelligence, and platformization were achieved with the advent of the data economy and the acceleration of digitalization. In particular, unmanned stores are attracting attention as the post-COVID-19 era, where the untact culture has recently established. Accordingly, the Chinese unmanned convenience store market is expected to develop further, and research on the factors affecting the consumer satisfaction of Chinese unmanned convenience stores is significant. This study examined the effect of integrated technology acceptance theory core variables, experience economy theory core variables, and consumer characteristics on satisfaction for consumers in their 20s and 40s living in Beijing, China. This study is expected to serve as basic data for establishing marketing strategies by identifying factors that can improve consumers' satisfaction with unmanned convenience stores on the corporate side. To summarize the research results of this paper, in order for consumers to increase the satisfaction of unmanned convenience stores, aesthetic and educational factors must be considered. Finally, it was confirmed that familiarity and individual innovation, which are consumer characteristics, are important variables that have a positive effect on satisfaction. In other words, the higher the familiarity and the higher the individual innovation, the higher the satisfaction of unmanned convenience stores.

In the face of global challenges such as resource scarcity, environmental pollution, and climate change, leveraging technological innovation to promote sustainable development has become a critical imperative. The metaverse, as an emerging digital ecosystem that integrates artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, virtual reality (VR), and the Internet of Things (IoT), is reshaping human interaction and presenting new development opportunities. However, sustainability issues such as high energy consumption, data privacy concerns, and social equity have also raised widespread attention. This study explores how the metaverse can facilitate sustainable development in key areas including energy, transportation, water resource management, food supply chains, and environmental protection. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the potential impact of metaverse technologies on sustainable development and assess their applicability across various industries. Through literature reviews and case analyses, this paper examines the real-world application of the metaverse in different domains, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings reveal that the metaverse holds considerable potential for reducing resource waste, improving efficiency, and optimizing decision-making—particularly through digital twins for power grid optimization, carbon footprint reduction, intelligent transportation systems, enhanced water management, and transparent food supply chains. Nonetheless, the high energy demand—especially in blockchain and cloud computing—remains a significant challenge. Furthermore, issues of technological equity and data privacy require additional research and policy intervention. In conclusion, while the metaverse is positioned to play a vital role in driving sustainable development, its potential adverse effects must not be ignored. Future research should focus on green computing technologies, the development of low-carbon blockchain systems, and the establishment of policy and regulatory frameworks to ensure that the metaverse contributes positively to sustainability.

In a world facing economic challenges and resource scarcity, the sharing economy has reemerged as a promising solution. This research examined the evolving landscape of the sharing economy in China, with a focus on secondhand trading platforms. These platforms play a central role in promoting resource recycling by allowing users to exchange unwanted goods efficiently. The appeal of secondhand trading lies in its affordability and the ability to negotiate prices directly with trading partners. The study shows that in China, the secondhand market is expanding rapidly with the growth of e-commerce. According to recent data, the number of secondhand e-commerce users is expected to reach 263 million by the end of 2022, with significant year-on-year growth. The volume of transactions is also expected to grow significantly, demonstrating the thriving secondhand market. TAM, a well-established theoretical framework, assesses user acceptance of information systems, with perceived usefulness and ease of use as key components. Perceived usefulness refers to a user's belief that a technology will improve their performance, while perceived ease of use measures the expectation that a technology will be easy to use. These factors have a significant impact on the adoption of information technology and in turn influence users' attitudes, intentions, and behavior. This study adapted usefulness and ease of use to measure the perceived benefits and usability of secondhand platforms. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the factors that underpin Chinese consumers' satisfaction with secondhand trading platforms. The findings of this research can guide platform providers in improving the user experience, addressing perceived risks, and promoting green consumption. Future research can further explore cross-country comparisons and the consequences of user dissatisfaction on platform behavior.

China and South Korea, two major representatives of the micro-drama industry, have developed distinct development paths and industrial logics due to differences in market environments, industrial foundations, and cultural DNA. Relying on the ecosystem of short video platforms and algorithmic recommendations, China embraces a "channel-centric" approach. IP development relies on traffic-driven growth and rapid monetization, fostering a highly efficient "invest-test-money" commercialization model. However, this model suffers from content homogeneity, shallow narratives, and short IP lifecycles. South Korea, rooted in a mature film and television industry system and upholding a "content-centric" tradition, prioritizes emotional tension, character development, and narrative integrity, resulting in IP development with a more long-term perspective and the potential for cross-media storytelling. This study compares the differences between China and South Korea across five dimensions: industrial model, IP origins, development strategies, narrative logic, and case studies. China, driven by the "traffic logic," fosters fragmented narratives and a horizontally expanding "database consumption" model, while South Korea constructs a "story universe" with emotional depth and a complete worldview, promoting vertical IP development and brand building. By comparing Chinese and Korean cases, this paper reveals fundamental differences in IP operations between the two countries. It suggests that Chinese micro-short dramas, while maintaining their channel advantages, should shift from a "traffic logic" to a "content logic": promoting narratives from "stacked with exciting moments" to "building a story world"; guiding platforms from "traffic distributors" to "cultivators of the ecosystem"; and leveraging technology to enhance content quality and cultural connotations. By rebalancing "channels and content," an IP ecosystem with both commercial value, cultural appeal, and sustainable vitality can be built.

Most of the literature on Philippine foreign policy indicate that its centrality lies in the presidency. Most of it focuses on each presidential terms and their way of navigating international affairs. This may be because it has been suggested that the Philippine president is the chief architect of the nation’s foreign policies and is responsible for primarily taking the lead on charting the decisions to be made. This notion coincides with the idea that foreign policy decision making tends to be elitist in nature. However, this paper argues that several actors within society influence the decision-making process to an extent. Arguing that the state is not a monolithic entity, this paper will be using the state transformation approach, to examine some instances of fragmentation, decentralization, and internationalization that have shaped the decision-making process, balancing the previously thought notion of the president’s centrality, particularly in Manila’s foreign policies toward China, from 2016 to 2020.

As one of the world's most populous countries, India has a significant impact on global sustainable development goals. We explored India's sustainable development challenges and opportunities to gain an in-depth understanding of India's future development path. India's sustainable development strategy was analysed in terms of economic development, social progress, environmental protection and political action. It was confirmed that India is making efforts towards sustainable development in various areas that are not institutionalised, and that raising public awareness is an important practical strategy. We have examined the state of sustainable development in India through case studies and tried to provide necessary insights.

The electric vehicle (EV) industry in China is rapidly developing along with environmental protection issues. The voluntary choice of consumers and the will of the government to promote are essential for the overall social diffusion of EVs. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors that influence the purchase intention of Chinese consumers for EVs. Product quality, policy awareness, social influence, environmental concern, personal innovation, and perceived usefulness, which were derived from previous studies, were used as significant variables. Decision tree analysis (DTA) was conducted on the complicated consumer purchasing behavior. The result indicates that perceived usefulness, social influence, and policy awareness significantly influenced the high EV purchase intention group. In addition, high levels of personal innovation led to relatively high levels of purchase intention for the group with low levels of perceived usefulness and social influence. Although the Chinese government actively implemented policies to promote the purchase of EVs, the study found that policy awareness was not a decisive factor that influenced purchase intention for EVs. Finally, academic and practical suggestions are discussed.

With the rapid development of information technology, online and offline hybrid teaching has gradually become an important mode of university teaching. At the same time, online and offline hybrid teaching can also promote the interaction between teachers and students, enhance the sense of participation and enthusiasm of students, and help to cultivate students' comprehensive quality. The survey distributed questionnaires to undergraduate students who implemented mixed teaching in the second semester of 2022-2023, and a total of 11,261 valid questionnaires were recovered. The results show that the vast majority of students are satisfied with the mixed teaching in the context of the curriculum, accounting for 99.4%, while only 0.56% are dissatisfied with it. However, due to the different levels of education in different parts of China, there may be deviations from the study sample. The findings suggest that hybrid teaching models can effectively engage students and improve learning outcomes, especially when well-integrated with digital tools. Further research could explore the long-term effects of hybrid teaching on academic performance and student engagement. We hope that this study can provide references and insights for teachers who are implementing online and offline hybrid teaching.