Earticle

본 연구는 2019 개정 누리과정 실행에 유아교사의 경험을 알아보기 위해 기존의 연구물들을 종합하여 질적 메타분석을 실시하였다. 2019 개정 누리과정 실시하는 현장에서 드러나는 교사 의 경험에 대한 포괄적인 파악을 위한 것이므로 분석 대상이 충 8편을 선정하였다. 8편의 분석 대상 연구물을 반복하여 읽으면서, 개별 연구마다 저자의 의도와 자료의 의미를 유지하는 동시에 2019 개정 누리과정 실행에 현장에서 나타나는 교사의 경험에 대해 추출된 분석틀인 ‘경험, 어려움’을 중심으로 8개 범주를 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 개정 누리 과정 실행되면서 교 사들이 놀이중심, 유아중심 교육과정을 운영하기 위해 많은 노력을 했다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 둘째, 그러나 교사들은 놀이지원을 하면서 어디까지 놀이고 어디까지 교육인지 구분하기 어려운 것을 느끼게 되면서, 명확한 지침이 없어서 혼란스러움을 경험하게 되기도 하였다. 이러한 결과 의 바탕으로 놀이중심 교육과정을 실행에 유아교사가 유아의 놀이를 지원하는 과정에서 나아가 야 할 방향에 대한 시사점을 도출하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교사들은 유아놀이의 가치를 더 깊이 생각하고 유아중심, 놀이중심 교육과정의 가치와 목표를 조화롭게 실천하기 위해 교사의 과대한 업무량을 줄이고 유아의 놀이를 관찰하고 기록하여 그것을 바탕으로 성찰하는 시간을 제공해 주어야 한다. 둘째, 교사마다 교육과정에 대한 이해정도가 다르기 때문에 교사들은 서로의 정보 를 공유할 수 있는 장을 마련해 주는 것을 제안해 본다.

This study conducted a qualitative meta-analysis by synthesizing existing studies to find out the experiences of early childhood teachers in the implementation of the 2019 revised Nuri course. Since it is for a comprehensive understanding of the teacher's experiences revealed in the field of implementation of the 2019 revised Nuri course, a total of 8 studies were selected. While reading the eight studies to be analyzed repeatedly, the authors' intentions and the meaning of the data were maintained for each individual study, and eight categories were made centering on 'Experiences, Difficulties', an analysis framework extracted from the teacher's experiences in the field in the implementation of the 2019 revised Nuri course. The results of this study are, first, it can be seen that teachers have made a lot of effort to operate the play-oriented and early childhood-oriented curriculum while implementing the revised Nuri course. Second, while providing play support, teachers felt that it was difficult to distinguish between how far they played and how far they were educated, and experienced confusion because there were no clear guidelines. Based on these results, the implications for the direction in which early childhood teachers should proceed in the process of supporting children's play in the implementation of the play-oriented curriculum are as follows. First, teachers think deeply about the value of early childhood play and are early childhood-oriented.In order to harmoniously practice the values and goals of the play-centered curriculum, it is necessary to reduce the excessive workload of teachers, observe and record children's play, and provide time for reflection based on it. Second, since each teacher has a different degree of understanding of the curriculum, it is suggested that teachers provide a place to share information with each other.

The 20th century was a period of significant development in the field of management studies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the global management practices that were spearheaded by the United States, tracing the historical birth, background, and evolution of management studies throughout the century. The following research conclusions can be drawn: Firstly, management is heavily influenced by its surrounding environment. The global management processes of the past century were shaped by factors such as war, technological advancements, changes in business models, and climate change, as well as the preferences and actions of influential figures in positions of power. Secondly, the essence of management is uncertainty. It is a complex and universal concept, with no fixed criteria for what constitutes successful management. Instead, it presents ongoing and ever-evolving challenges. Thirdly, the effectiveness of management determines its longevity. Those management practices that are closely tied to major historical forces tend to endure for longer periods of time. In summary, from the beginning of management science focusing on production, rules, and efficiency to the later increasing discovery of the importance of organization, people, and the environment, management in each period has its value. Whether it comes from the philosophy of military and war or from the philosophy of the collision of Eastern and Western cultures, it continually evolves and adapts to its surroundings, driving progress in human society and exerting a profound influence on global politics, the economy, social life, and the well-being of all individuals.

With the rapid development of information technology, online and offline hybrid teaching has gradually become an important mode of university teaching. At the same time, online and offline hybrid teaching can also promote the interaction between teachers and students, enhance the sense of participation and enthusiasm of students, and help to cultivate students' comprehensive quality. The survey distributed questionnaires to undergraduate students who implemented mixed teaching in the second semester of 2022-2023, and a total of 11,261 valid questionnaires were recovered. The results show that the vast majority of students are satisfied with the mixed teaching in the context of the curriculum, accounting for 99.4%, while only 0.56% are dissatisfied with it. However, due to the different levels of education in different parts of China, there may be deviations from the study sample. The findings suggest that hybrid teaching models can effectively engage students and improve learning outcomes, especially when well-integrated with digital tools. Further research could explore the long-term effects of hybrid teaching on academic performance and student engagement. We hope that this study can provide references and insights for teachers who are implementing online and offline hybrid teaching.

With the increasingly fierce global economic competition, Northeast Asian countries are an important strategic link in the global value chain, and how to strengthen economic and trade cooperation is one of the important research topics. First of all, for South Korea, the establishment of the China-Korea Free Trade Zone will help the development of South Korea's specialty industries and increase the export volume of the automobile and chip industries. For Japan, the establishment of the China-Japan Free Trade Area will help overcome the economic recession brought about by an aging society. For China, it will help China's domestic economic development and overcome the adverse effects of insufficient domestic demand and Sino-US trade frictions and damage. In terms of trade in goods between the three countries, the import and export of capital goods and intermediate goods account for a large proportion of the trade between the three countries, and some commodities even go through multiple cross-borders in the production process. The significance of this paper is to analyze the differences and complementarity of the elements of Northeast Asian countries on the basis of analyzing the trade partner status of Northeast Asian countries, to explore the intersection of Northeast Asian countries to establish economic and trade cooperation, and to propose that Northeast Asian economic and trade in the global value chain The need for cooperation. The study found that on the basis of promoting economic and trade cooperation in Northeast Asia, policy support for trade cooperation in Northeast Asia should be strengthened, the mode and mechanism of regional economic international cooperation between China, Japan and South Korea should be innovated, the business environment at ports should be optimized, and free trade between China, Japan and South Korea should be created. Build a road of mutual trust and mutual assistance and deepen economic and trade cooperation in Northeast Asia.

Rare earth elements are recognized as strategic resources globally due to their critical roles in high-tech and green technologies. However, current research frequently neglects the systematic identification and forecasting of trends in rare earth technologies, particularly within the upstream supply chain. To address this research gap, this paper utilizes patent text analysis, incorporating technology co-occurrence and burst detection techniques, to systematically identify and analyze core technologies and development dynamics in the upstream rare earth industry. These methods reveal not only the current state of technology applications but also forecast potential directions of innovation. The findings indicate an increasing application of rare earth technologies in materials science and electromagnetic applications, with high-output research and development institutions playing a pivotal role in driving technological innovation. The insights and methodologies provided by this study offer new perspectives and tools for future research on rare earth technologies, and are anticipated to significantly influence strategic decision-making and policy formulation in the rare earth industry.