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Situated in northern Europe, Iceland is a small country that exemplifies sustainable development and harmonious coexistence with the environment, emphasising qualitative progress. In response to the sluggishness caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Iceland has actively pursued a practical strategy to realise its sustainable development goals, aiming to revitalise industry and the economy. This study takes a comprehensive look at Iceland's sustainable development indicators and examines the evolution of its goal achievement system. The study analyses four indicators for improving the quality of education, eight indicators for promoting green growth, thirteen codes of conduct for overcoming the climate crisis and thirteen indicators for promoting environmentally friendly oceans, taking into account Iceland's maritime identity. Using the insights gained from this analysis, the study presents actionable strategies that reflect regional characteristics and offers strategic recommendations for sustainable development indicators that can serve as a reference for other nations in the future.

As one of the world's most populous countries, India has a significant impact on global sustainable development goals. We explored India's sustainable development challenges and opportunities to gain an in-depth understanding of India's future development path. India's sustainable development strategy was analysed in terms of economic development, social progress, environmental protection and political action. It was confirmed that India is making efforts towards sustainable development in various areas that are not institutionalised, and that raising public awareness is an important practical strategy. We have examined the state of sustainable development in India through case studies and tried to provide necessary insights.

The post-pandemic era has created significant challenges for businesses around the world, and Amazon is no exception. As a prominent global e-commerce powerhouse, Amazon is under increasing pressure to address its environmental impact and adopt sustainable business practices. This article provides an in-depth examination of Amazon's efforts to achieve carbon neutrality, practice corporate social responsibility (CSR), implement digital transformation, and promote sustainable transportation as integral components of its sustainable development strategy. Furthermore, through this analysis, the article draws valuable insights and highlights specific areas that require further attention from Amazon in its ongoing sustainable development efforts. The findings presented in this paper can be a valuable reference point for scholars studying Amazon and other relevant companies' sustainable development initiatives.

This paper examines Vietnam's sustainable development strategies in the post-corona era, focusing on renewable energy development, green building and urban planning, sustainable tourism, social security system and international cooperation. Vietnam recognises the importance of transitioning to a greener and more resilient future, especially in the face of global challenges such as climate change. The government has implemented various measures to promote the development of renewable energy sources, including favourable policies, financial incentives and the establishment of renewable energy industrial parks. In parallel, efforts have been made to encourage the adoption of green building practices and sustainable urban planning to improve energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions and create liveable cities. The tourism sector has also embraced sustainability, with initiatives to protect natural resources, preserve cultural heritage and promote responsible tourism practices. In addition, Vietnam is working to strengthen its social security system, expanding coverage, improving benefits and ensuring long-term sustainability. Finally, international cooperation plays an important role in Vietnam's sustainable development agenda, as the country seeks to leverage global partnerships, knowledge sharing and technology transfer to enhance its capacity in sustainable development practices. By implementing these strategies, Vietnam aims to achieve a balanced and inclusive development path that protects the environment, improves the quality of life and contributes to global sustainability goals.

The global post-pandemic era (PPE), offers a unique opportunity for global recovery and transformation. The pandemic has also highlighted deficiencies in public health systems, requiring improvements in public health policies and investments in viral control measures. However, the pandemic has widened social inequalities and the wealth gap. The Middle East, known for its rich oil and gas resources, faces its own unique challenges. Reduced global demand for fossil fuels, falling oil prices and the impact of the pandemic have severely affected the region's economies, particularly those of oil-exporting countries. To recover, these countries need to increase infrastructure investment, implement proactive monetary policies and diversify their economies beyond oil by developing sectors such as renewable energy, technology and tourism. In addition, social inequalities and high youth unemployment have been exacerbated by the pandemic. The geopolitical tensions in the region, the threat of terrorism and water scarcity are other major challenges requiring increased diplomatic efforts, counter-terrorism cooperation, water conservation and regional cooperation. In conclusion, the Middle East PEP considers sustainable development to be of paramount importance. It can promote economic diversification, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance energy security, alleviate poverty and social inequality, and foster social cohesion.