Earticle

The effect of passing pedestrians’ characteristics on retail rents was empirically modeled and tested. The theoretical basis for the study was the equilibrium model based on consumer and retailer behaviour. The data included information on retail rents and passing pedestrians’ characteristics for the 96 major trade areas in South Korea. As the results, using the regression tree method, the variables do affect retail rents of the study areas were volume of female pedestrians in the thirties around 7:00 pm in weekday, volume of female pedestrians in the teens around 4:00 pm in weekday, volume of male pedestrians in the thirties around 12:00 pm in weekend, and volume of female pedestrians in the thirties around 12:00 pm in weekend. In summary, not only numbers of the customers of a store but also volume of passing pedestrians should be considered to determine the retail rents.

Small and medium-sized enterprises are an important part of the national economy in Shandong Province. They can play a very important role in promoting economy growth, increasing employment, increasing finance income, promoting scientific and technical progress and innovation and promoting social stability. Firstly, the paper designed a corresponding questionnaire. Secondly, the investigation was carried on a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises in Shandong province, we can find that small and medium-sized enterprises have a series of problems in Shandong province. For example, the ability of technical innovation is weak and the enterprise managements think little of institutional innovation. Finally, the paper puts forward corresponding suggestions.

Recently, foreign labor standards accreditation system has been emerged as more firms outsource manufacturing works to global vendors focused manufacturing. This paper discuss and compare three major private labor accreditation systems and evaluate what kind of problems may emerge if they become the major global standards for labor practices. This paper concludes that private labor standards accreditation system needs more transparency in the process and should improve accountability by including other stakeholders in the process.

This study empirically analyzed the effect of advertising appeal types (information appeal vs. image appeal) and interactivity level (low vs. medium vs. high) of digital signage on consumers’ advertising attitude and sharing intention. As a result of the study, first First, it was found that medium interactivity digital signage had a more positive impact on advertisement attitude and sharing intention than high- or low-interactivity signage. Additionally, rational/informative advertising was found to have a more positive impact on advertisement attitude and sharing intention than emotional/image advertising when the interactivity level was medium. Second, when the interactivity level of digital signage was high, it was found that emotional advertising had a positive impact on attitude, but both rational and emotional advertising had a negative impact on sharing intention. Third, , rational advertising was found to have a positive impact on attitude and sharing intention when the interactivity level of digital signage was low. Given the increasing convergence of digital media, particularly with respect to advertising signage, the results of this study provide important strategic direction for the construction of effective advertising with regard to appeal type and interactivity level.

This paper examines the possible policy suggestions from South Korean oil policy during 1970s. Reason of the research time period is based on South Korean more oil dependent situation during 1970s and her overcome from first oil crisis in 1973. The paper argues that South Korean centralized economic planning institution and her foreign policy back-up was crucial to overcome it. This is the possible suggestion for the late-late-industrializing country like Mongolia to handle her also dependency on oil.