Earticle

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) on exercise-induced muscle damage. Sixteen healthy male university students were randomly assigned to the IASTM group (n = 8) and the control group (n = 8). Each subject performed two sets of 25 eccentric contractions while positioning the elbow flexor on a modified preacher curl machine. IASTM was applied using a concave-shaped stainless-steel instrument for 8 minutes immediately and 48 hours after eccentric exercise. Maximal isometric strength (MIS), muscle soreness, and creatine kinase (CK) activity were measured as indicators of muscle damage. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels were also assessed as a fibrotic factor. The recovery of MIS was quicker (control vs. IASTM: 96h: 60.7% ± 7.9% vs. 89.1% ± 10.4%, P < 0.001), and that of TGF-β1 level was lower (control vs. IASTM: 48h: 5.5 ± 1.9 vs. 2.4 ± 0.6, P < 0.01; 72h: 5.6 ± 1.7 vs. 2.6 ± 0.5, 96h: 5.2 ± 1.6 vs. 1.9 ± 0.5 ng/mL, P < 0.001) in the IASTM group than in the control group. However, no significant differences in muscle soreness or CK activity was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, IASTM can be an effective method for reducing fibrous scar tissue and restoring muscle function quickly after exercise-induced muscle damage.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mobile device-based exercise on cardiorespiratory function, metabolic risk factors and self-efficacy in obese women. The exercise program in this study corresponded to an intensity of 50 to 60% of the maximum oxygen consumption and was performed three times per week for 12 weeks. The body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, blood components, and self-efficacy were used as measurement variables. These variables were done before and after the 12 weeks of exercise at the same time and under the same conditions. The results showed that after 12 weeks in the exercise program, weight, body fat (%), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), HbA1c decreased significantly, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), a metabolic improvement factor, increased significantly. Additionally, self-efficacy increased significantly. These results suggested that self-directed exercise using mobile devices can be a good way to improve self-efficacy and ameliorate obesity and metabolic risk factors effectively.

본 연구는 수술 및 고정 등의 이유로 슬관절의 관절가동범위제한이 있는 환자를 대상으로 수중운동프로그램을 실시하여 관절가동범위, 근력 및 통증에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 관절가동범위제한이 있는 환자를 대 상으로 연구가 가능한 10명을 선정하여 5명은 지상에서의 CPM치료 실시 후 지상워커보행(대조집단), 5명은 CPM치료 후 수중보행운동(운동집단)을 5일간 연속으로 실시하였다. 측정된 자료는 PASW ver. 18.0을 이용하 여 집단의 측정항목에 대한 평균 및 표준편차를 산출하였다. 집단과 처치기간에 따른 차이검증은 반복측정 분 산분석을 사용하였으며, 유의한 차이에 대한 집단 내 전·후 차이검증은 대응표본 t검증을 실시하였고, 집단간 차이검증은 독립 t검증을 실시하였다. 모든 가설의 검증을 위한 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. 본 연구결과 운동전과 비교하여 운동후 굴곡관절가동범위가 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 운동후 대조집단과 운동집단 모두 유의하게 증가하였다. 신전관절각도는 운동후 대조집단은 차이가 없었으나, 운동집단은 유의하게 감소하였다. 굴곡근력, 신전근력 모두에서 운동후 대조집단은 차이가 없었으나, 운동집단은 유의하게 증가하였다. 시각통증 등급에서 운동후 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 운동집단은 유의하게 감소하였다. 무릎둘레 변화는 운동후 대조 집단과 운동집단 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 수중보행은 지상치료와 더불어 슬관절 각도제한이 있는 환자에게 통증완화 및 부종감소의 효과와 함께 관절가동범위의 증진 및 근력향상운동에 큰 효과를 줄 수 있는 긍정적인 치료로 기대된다.

Resveratrol (RSV), a natural antioxidant that is contained a lot in red wine or the grape skin, has beneficial effects on cardiac and skeletal muscles such as anticancer, antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-aging, and life-extending, and therefore is widely used for the improvement of human health and the prevention of diseases. Aging is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathologic mechanisms of cardiac failure or diseases with aging. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the resveratrol attenuates aging-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat cardiac muscle. Fischer 344 rats were divided into young sedentary (YS; n=10, 4 months) group, young resveratrol (YR; n=10, 4months) group, old sedentary (OS; n=10, 20 months) group, and old resveratrol (OR; n=10, 20 months) group. Rats were treated with RSV (50mg/kg/day) via oral gavage for 3 weeks. Left ventricle was extracted to determine mitochondrial O2 consumption (respiration) with Oroboros O2K Oxygraph and mitochondrial H2O2 emission and Ca2+ retention capacity with Spex Fluormax 4 spectrofluorometer. Resveratrol treatment attenuated age-induced increase in cardiac muscle mass in old groups. Mitochondrial O2 respiratory capacity was decreased by aging and was protected by RSV treatment. Mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity was decreased by aging and was protected by RSV treatment in the old groups. RSV treatment attenuated age-induced mitochondrial H2O2 emitting potential in the heart. These data demonstrate that resveratrol protects against aging-induced impairment of mitochondrial function in cardiac muscles. In addition, these data imply that resveratrol may attenuate aging-induced cardiac dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress in aged cardiac muscle.

The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the impacts of high fat diet-induced obesity on mitochondrial function and insulin resistance in aged skeletal muscle and (2) to determine the effects of exercise training on mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance induced by obesity and aging in skeletal muscle. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 4-month young control (YC), 20-month old control (OC), old high fat diet group (OH), and old high fat diet and exercise group (OH+EX). After obesity was induced by 7 weeks of 60% high fat feeding in old groups, treadmill exercise training was performed 6 times a week for 7 weeks. Mitochondrial function (e.g., H2O2 emission, Ca2+ retention capacity) was measured in permeabilized skeletal muscle (e.g., soleus, and white gastrocnemius), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and Western immunoblot analysis were performed to determine insulin resistance. Mitochondrial H2O2 emission was increased in white gastrocnemius (type IIb muscle) of OC and OH compared with YC. However, exercise training attenuated mitochondrial H2O2 emission in OH+EX compared with OC and OH. Mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity was not significantly altered between groups in soleus (type I muscle). However, in white gastrocnemius, mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity was reduced in OC and OH compared with YC and, conversely improved in OH+EX compared with OC and OH. Insulin resistance was also increased in OC and OH compared with YC. By contrast, insulin resistance was attenuated in OH+EX compared with OC and OH. In conclusion, our data reported that high fat diet increased mitochondrial H2O2 emission, reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity, and induced insulin resistance in aged skeletal muscle. However, exercise training reduced mitochondrial H2O2 emission, improved mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity, and attenuated insulin resistance in aged and obese skeletal muscle, suggesting that exercise training plays a protective role in aging and obesity (i.e., sarcopenic obesity)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in the rat skeletal muscle.

치매노인은 치매로 인해 일상생활의 어려움과 건강이 급속하게 약해지고 있어 가족 및 보호자들의 사회, 경제 적 어려움을 겪고 있다. 또한 치매노인의 급속한 증가로 인해 의료비 지출이 지속적으로 높아가고 있는 실정 이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 치매예방 및 재활을 위한 운동프로그램을 개발하여 치매노인의 삶의 질 향상에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구는 치매예방 운동프로그램이 노인의 인지기능과 우울증에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하기 위하여 65세 이상 노인 총 20명을 대상으로 운동군 10명, 비운동군 10명으로 구분한 다음 본 연구자가 직접 지도한 운동군 10명에게는 치매예방 운동 프로그램을 실시하게 한 후 대근육 검사, 소근육 검사, 인지기능 검사, 우울증 검사에 어떤 차 이를 나타내는지 8주 동안 총 2번에 걸쳐 측정하고 분석한 결과를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 인지기능 파트에서 운동군은 9명 모두 상승하였다. 통제군에서도 4명이 상승한 결과를 보였지만 1명이 감소 했고 4명은 유지함을 보였다. 그리고 우울증 파트에서 운동군은 3명이 상승하고 6명이 유지했고 통제군에서는 2명이 상승하고 3명이 감소, 4명이 유지함을 보였다. 운동군의 우울증 정도가 통제군에 비해 많은 상승을 가져온 것은 아니지만, 3명이 감 소한 통제군과 달리 운동군 9명 모두 감소하지 않았기 때문에 최소한 감소하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러므로 본 연구에 사용된 운동프로그램은 대상자에게 인지기능의 향상을 가져오고 우울증 정도를 악화시키 지 않는 것으로 확인되었다.

본 연구의 목적은 배드민턴 동호인의 응급처치 및 심폐소생술 교육이 심폐소생술 지식, 태도 및 안전의식에 미치는 영향에 대해 규명하고 추후 질 높은 교육에 기초자료로 제공하는 데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 연구의 목 적을 달성하기 위하여 U광역시에서 배드민턴 동호회에 참여하고 응급처치 및 심폐소생술 교육을 이수한 사람 들을 선정하여, 80부의 설문지를 배부하여 이중 기입 및 무기입한 자료 10부를 제외하고 70부를 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS Ver 18.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 일원변량분석, 상관분석을 실시하였으며, 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다. 사후검정은 Duncan을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 배드민턴 동호인의 응급처치 및 심폐소생술 교육 횟수가 많을수록 심폐소생술 지식과 태도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 마지막 교육 후 경 과기간이 짧을수록 심폐소생술 지식이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 심폐소생술 태도와 안전의식 그리고 안전 의식의 하위요인 중 생활안전, 소방안전, 재난안전은 서로 정적상관을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 응급처치 및 심폐소생술 교육 이수 빈도를 높이고 마지막 교육 후 6개월 이전에 재교육을 실시하는 것이 심폐소생술의 지식과 태도에 긍정적인 변화를 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Recently, there have been some issues about physical appearance management among young people in Korea. Electromyostimulation (EMS) is known to send electric stimulation to muscle and to subcutaneous fat layers to help manage body fat. However, EMS has been divided into the opinions of authors regarding the fat reduction and muscle mass increase. Thus, this study was to investigate the effect of various-stimulation parameters of EMS on body composition tested by Computer Tomograph (CT) and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and physical appearance measured by questionnaire in collegiate men. The fourteen young men subjects aged between 20 and 24 years were recruited from the Hanseo University in Korea. All habitually wore the suit of EMS with various stimulation parameters for a duration of 6 weeks after signing an informed consent form which was approved by the Research Ethics Committee for Human Use (SYUIRB2015-120). The participants were allocated to each of 4 groups according to randomized control study design as follows: low stimulation group (LSG, n=3), mid stimulation group (MSG, n=4), high stimulation group (HSG, n=4), and control group (CG, n=3), respectively. Non-parametric statistical methods were conducted on the collected data with a significance level set a priori at P<.05. The Kruskal-Wallis was used for the differences among the 4 groups and then Bonferroni post hoc test was used for significant differences in the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results are as followed. First, there were significant decreases in visceral and subcutaneous fat in CT scan of three EMS groups compared with control group. Second, there was significant improvement in physical appearance of MSG and HSG compared with LSG and CG after 6 weeks. Electrical stimulation was reported that it has many clinical effects such as body shape control by body fat reduction, increase of blood circulation, anti-pain and anti-inflammation of injured muscle, tendon and ligament, regeneration of cartilage, enhancement of muscle strength, and transferring material continent into the dermis. As the results of various researches, this study confirmed that EMS could improve the body composition and the psychological factors such as physical appearance in collegiate men.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among psychological factors (personality, sociality and stress), and physical fitness variables in multicultural children, and to investigate the effects of participating in a physical education (PE) program on psychological factors and physical fitness levels in them. A three-item questionnaire, a body composition test, and physical fitness tests were carried out on 37 children in late September and late November of 2016 in S-City. The children were classified into 4 groups: multicultural children who participated in PE program (mPE, n=9), multicultural children who did not participate in PE program (mNPE, n=10), Korean children who participated in PE program (kPE, n=9), and Korean children who did not participate in PE program (kNPE, n=9), respectively. Here, mPE was the experimental group whereas, mNPE, kPE, and kNPE were control groups. Non-parametric statistical methods were conducted on the collected data with a significance level set a priori at P<.05. Data were analyzed by Spearman rho test for finding relationships among variables. The Kruskal-Wallis was used for the differences among the 4 groups and then Bonferroni post hoc test was used for significant differences in the Kruskal-Wallis test. At last, the Wilcoxon tests were performed for the time differences between the pre- and post-test groups. The results are as followed. First, there were significant relationships among psychological factors and physical fitness variables of multicultural children. Specifically, 1) there were significant negative correlations between stress and sociality, and between stress and extroverted personality type. Meanwhile, there was a significant positive correlation between sociality and extroverted personality type. 2) There was a significant positive correlation between sociality and cardiopulmonary endurance. Meanwhile, there were significant negative correlations between stress and cardiopulmonary endurance and between stress and flexibility. There were significant positive correlations between extroverted personality type and flexibility and between extroverted personality type and muscular strength. Second, the effects of participating in the PE program on psychological factors of multicultural children were as follows: 1) The personality scores of mPE showed improving tendencies after 8 weeks. 2) The sociality scores of mPE also significantly increased, whereas, 3) the stress scores of mPE significantly decreased. Third, regarding the effects of PE program on physical factors, 1) the body weight, muscle mass, and resting metabolic rate of mPE were significantly increased after 8 weeks. 2) The cardiopulmonary endurance, muscular endurance, strength, and power of physical fitness variables in mPE significantly improved after 8 weeks. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the psychological factors and physical fitness variables in multicultural children were significantly correlated and that participating in an 8-week PE program can provide positive psychophysical effects to children living in multicultural families.