Earticle

Hemingway’s own writing style is often likened to an ice-berg because he omitted many parts of his works. According to him, the writer omits parts that he knows well, but the reader can still fully understand the missing parts. The frame makes a specific language or action convey a metamessage in addition to its specific message. The repetition was frequently used in the Killers (“ST”), which creates the tone of suspense as its stylistic effect. In ST, the frame transformation and the repetition have a parallel relationship, and thus the suspense changes. In order to properly convey the stylistic effect of ST to TT readers, the translator must consider the message as well as the metamessage of the marked expressions used in ST including the repetition in this paper with the use of the frame analysis. If the translator relies solely on the explication strategy for TT readers, he may distort the style of ST.

With the start of Google NMT Translation in 2016, since Papago officially launched its service in July 2017, there has been much discussion about the applicable areas of NMT translation and its limitations. In addition, despite the rapid popularization of NMT translation, it is common to consider that it is still premature to apply NMT translation to literary translation, but it is essential to assess the possibility of NMT translation and discuss future orientation. Therefore, in this study, human and NMT translations of novel and video caption texts were compared and analyzed following the studies on essay translation and play translation. A total of four cases were analyzed in using the texts translated by experts and four students as human translation and the texts translated by Papago as NMT translation. The presented opinions of the students by comparing their translations, expert translations, and NMT translations, respectively were integrated and analyzed.

This study aims to analyze the translation of Korean video content titles into Persian. The analysis reveals that among the translation methods used in Persian translated titles, ‘literal translation' method was the most frequently employed. These results are significant and show that a literate translation strategy is preferred to other strategies. Furthermore, this translation strategy reflects faithfully the intention to convey and focus on the meaning of the title itself. However, these preferences in term of translation strategies highlight a lack of consideration of Persian culture, Persian characteristics and expressions.

Today human-machine collaboration for a translation is urgently needed. Due to the ease and convenience of using machine translation, its use has become routine for the general public, and as a result, translation is no longer recognized as a specialized field for the professional translators. In addition to translation, learners in all fields are increasingly using convenient and free online translators to translate, read, and write. However, despite being fully aware of the situation, educators in all fields have been mostly negative and passive in their responses. Therefore, it is clear that machine translation has become a taboo topic in today’s university classrooms, especially in graduate schools of translation and interpreting, and are marginalized from formal discussions. In this context, the machine translation literacy instruction needs to be introduced into translation education for a sustainable translation profession in the age of AI. And future education of machine translation literacy should cultivate professional translators who are both informed and critical about various machine translation technologies and machine translation consultants who can utilize their expertise in the use of machine translation to help citizens and clients use machine translation wisely and responsibly.

This study examines the translations of Hamlet in South and North Korea. Using André Lefevere’s Rewriting Theory as the theoretical basis, this study explores the image of Hamlet in the source text and analyzes how the South and North Korean translations rewrite it. Specifically, it reviews the ideologies and poetics of the two countries and examines how they influenced the translations. This study analyzes Hamlet as an avenger, political leader, and lover. The analysis shows that the rewriting mainly took place during the translation process. The South Korean translation rewrites Hamlet as an indecisive avenger, hierarchical leader, and patriarchal lover. In contrast, the North Korean translation rewrites him as a determined avenger, nonhierarchical leader, and non-patriarchal lover. The rewritten Hamlet in the North Korean translation is similar to the role model of an autonomous communist that the North Korean regime propagates. In conclusion, the South Korean translation selectively reflects aspects of South Korean society’s ideology and poetics, while the North Korean translation faithfully reflects North Korean ideology and poetics.

For a long time, the focus in Translation Studies has been on the product (translation) and then on the process (translating). But the production cannot be separated from the distribution and the reception of the output, especially in a target-oriented perspective of translation. How to deal with the reception of audiovisual translation (AVT) when so many variables and parameters must be taken into consideration? Concepts and methodological tools have recently been developed to cope with the diversity of settings and viewers. Different empirical/experimental studies bring new insights in reception, whatever their shortcomings are.