Earticle

As power consumption has increased in recent years, switches have been developed to utilize systems for demand response (DR) that control supply by analyzing power demand predicted and predicted power demand through power monitoring. Existing switches can be controlled only when they are in the field by manually controlling them, but with developed switches, they can be controlled manually and remotely. The developed switch uses firmware based on the MQTT protocol to connect to and remotely control Ethernet over wireless communications such as WiFi. With its own monitoring program, switches can be controlled and maintained through real-time power monitoring.

본 논문에서는 d33 모드로 구동하여 우수한 성능을 가지는 RF-MEMS 스위치의 구현을 위한 희생층과 구조층의 조합으로서 DLC와 포토레지스트를 제안하였다. 포토레지스트의 경화현상을 방지하기 위하여 DLC 구조층은 상온에서 RF-PECVD 방법을 이용하여 증착하였다. 그리고 PZT 압전층은 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링 방법을 이용하여 상온에서 구조층 위에 증착하였으며, 희생층의 제거 후 결정화를 위하여 급속 열처리 (RTA) 장비를 이용하여 후 열처리하였다. PZT의 결정화 과정과 DLC의 기계적 성질의 변화를 다양한 온도조건에 따라 분석한 결과 DLC는 PZT의 결정화 온도까지 영률과 강도면에서 우수한 특성을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 또한 포토레지스트를 사용함으로서 공정을 단순화하고 낮은 비용으로 제작이 가능하였다.

In this paper, a new set of structural and sacrificial material that is diamond like carbon (DLC)/photoresist for high performance piezoelectric RF-MEMS switches which are actuated in d33 mode is suggested. To avoid curing problem of photoresist sacrificial layer, DLC structure layer is deposited at room temperature by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) method. And lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric layer is deposited on structure layer directly at room temperature by rf magnetron sputtering system and crystallized by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) equipment. Particular attention is paid to the annealing of PZT film in order to crystallize into perovskite and the variation of mechanical properties of DLC layer as a function of annealing temperature. The DLC layer shows good performance for structure layer in aspect to Young’s modulus and hardness. The fabrication becomes much simpler and cheaper with use of a photoresist.

The purpose of this paper is to survey the perspective of the coming days of those two poets, Yeats and Eliot, comparing "The Second Coming" and The Waste Land. Both Yeats's "Second Coming" and Eliot's The Waste Land present a renewal process, but each one focuses on different goals and subjects; Eliot on a particular person's transformation, whereas Yeats predicts a switch of the entire world as a result of an escalation of chaos. And while Yeats attempts to present a definite picture of what he believes will happen at the time of this renovation, as a human being, lack of foresight leaves him to conclude with nothing more than an unanswerable question. Eliot, on the other hand, uses ambiguity to support and develop his theme: death is the way to rebirth. But for Eliot this rebirth, which must be necessarily obscure and extremely perplexing to the newly-born. In contrast, Yeats maintains a pessimistic tone created by his futility on the bleak situation. Though the two poets see the present similarly, their religious differences cause them to view the future differently, consequently Eliot's The Waste Land has a much more hopeful theme than Yeats's "The Second Coming."

日本語の中に授受関係を表現する言葉が数多くある。その中心となる言葉に７つある。中国の学習者にとって、授受動詞が余りにも多いのでよく誤用される。本文は筆者の日本語教育の経験を基にして授受表現を分析し、授受動詞をグループに分けてそれぞれの違い及び使用上の注意点を述べ、中国学習者に分かりやすいルールを指摘してみる。認知とが必ずしも一対一致しないという好例であり、そのギャップは脳の働きによるものだと考えられる。

Locked-in Syndrome is a severe pontine stroke causing quadriplegia, lower cranial nerve paralysis, and mutism with preservation of only vertical gaze and upper eyelid movement in a conscious patient. We present a case of a Locked-in Syndrome patient who received communication training with augmentative and alternative communication equipment by using eye blinks. After 3 weeks of training, the patient was able to make an attempt to interact with other people, and associate a new word by Korean alphabet selection. Augmentative and alternative communication equipment which uses eye blinks might be considered to be benefi cial in improving the communication skills of locked-in syndrome patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) to ankle dorsiflexor (DF) and ankle plantarflexor (PF) on kinematic and kinetic parameters of hemiplegic gait.Methods Fourteen post-stroke hemiplegic patients were considered in this study. Electrical stimulation was delivered to ankle DF during the swing phase and ankle PF during the stance phase via single foot switch. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using a computerized motion analysis system with force plate. Data of no stimulation (NS), DF stimulation only (DS), DF and PF stimulation (DPS) group were compared among each other.Results Peak ankle dorsiflexion angle during swing phase is significantly greater in DS group (-1.55°±9.10°) and DPS group (-2.23°±9.64°), compared with NS group (-6.71°±11.73°) (p<0.05), although there was no statistically significant difference between DS and DPS groups. Ankle plantarflexion angle at toe-off did not show significant differences among NS, DS, and DPS groups. Peak knee flexion in DPS group (34.12°±13.77°) during swing phase was significantly greater than that of NS group (30.78°±13.64°), or DS group (32.83°±13.07°) (p<0.05).Conclusion In addition to the usual FES application stimulating ankle DF during the swing phase, stimulation of ankle PF during stance phase can help to increase peak knee flexion during the swing phase. This study shows the advantages of stimulating the ankle DF and PF using single foot switch for post-stroke gait.

Cloud-native technology has recently gained significant attention as an enterprise application capable of overcoming the limitations of traditional on-premise systems and delivering greater value. By leveraging cloud-based infrastructure, organizations can achieve scalability, flexibility, and cost efficiency, while providing users with faster and more reliable service experiences. In line with this trend, the study seeks to investigate the drivers of organizational behavior in switching to cloud-native systems. This study derives relevant factors from prior research and constructs a conceptual framework grounded in the PPM theory. After collecting 292 valid responses, empirical analysis was performed via AMOS 29.0. The results reveal that, with the exception of increased error potential, all variables were found to significantly affect the decision to migrate to cloud-native computing environments. Furthermore, consulting service quality was found to moderate the linkage connecting push and pull elements with the intention to switch to cloud-native systems. The results highlight the pivotal importance of consulting expertise in enabling effective migration processes and provide meaningful insights into the underlying drivers of cloud-native switching.

Software-Defined Networks (SDN) need a reliable and robust control plane. To make the control plane available to the underlying network, the controller must be available all the time. To deal with failures, the switches of the failed controller are assigned to a slave controller. Hence, the slave controller is available in backup to the switches attached with a master controller. In this paper, we formulate the problem of switch migration to the slave controller as a 0/1 knapsack problem. Finally, we compared our scheme with the static method of switch migration. The results show the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

The main purpose of this study is to explore the push and pull effects for English learners’ intentions to switch to mobile assisted language learning (MALL). This paper empirically evaluates three pull effects (Generalized Content, Delayed Feedback, and Isolated Learning Activities) and three push effects (On-demand Learning, Accessibility, and Ubiquity) that affect English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ intentions to switch to MALL. The results with data collected from actual MALL users show that all proposed constructs with the exception of isolated learning activities had a significant positive impact on EFL learner’s’ intentions to switch to MALL. The findings of this study may help to understand EFL learners' behaviors in a future where they switch from one learning environment to another. Furthermore, considerations and guidelines for MALL to improve language learning applications are provided.

This paper examines the category switch between dyadic accomplishment verbs and activity verbs from the perspective of quantification of the internal argument NP suggested by Ferreira(2005) and claims that the function of determiners in this context has implications for a linguistically motivated solution(Douglas, 2000; Lascartides, 1991) to the ‘imperfective paradox’, i.e., to refine Montague's(1974) proposal by precisely defining Bennett's(1981) so-called mysterious closed intervals and open intervals in terms of functions of internal argument NPs' determiners. This analysis not only attempts to account for the different truth conditions underlying the two categories of verbs and the category switch, but may also provide insight into the relationship among quantification, time, and truth conditions in natural languages.

Recently, many researches on the system of superconducting power supply and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) using high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes has been progressed. Those kinds of superconducting devices use the heater trigger switches that have a control delay problem at moments of heating up and cooling down. One way to reduce the time delay is using a different HTS tape at trigger part. For example, HTS tape having lower critical temperature can reduce time delay of heating up and heating down stage for heater trigger operation. This paper deals with resistances joint with different kinds of HTS tapes which have different properties to verify usefulness of the suggested method. Three kinds of commercial HTS tapes with different specifications are selected as samples and two kinds of solders are used for comparison. Joint is performed with temperature and pressure controllable joint machine and the joint characteristics are analyzed under the repeatable conditions.

Background : Anemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD). Untreated anemia increases morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular disease. Treatment of anemia commonly utilizes erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). Conventional ESAslike epoetin have short half-lives, which necessitate frequent dosing (weekly or biweekly). Methoxypolyethylene glycol epoetin-beta (MPGEPO) is a recently developed ESA that can be administeredmonthly. This study evaluated the effect on anemia and potential side effects of anemia treatmentinvolving a single agent switch to MPGEPO from conventional ESAs. Methods : Study subjects were 41 patients who received MPGEPO at Seoul National University Hospital from September 2009 to September 2012. Patents were switched from epoetin-beta (n=24) ordarbepopetin-alfa (n=17). To evaluate the efficacy and potential side effects, hemoglobin (Hb) levelswere monitored 3 months before and after conversion. Efficacy was the percentage of patients whoseone-month average Hb level increased more than 1 g/dl. Potential side effects, such as high bloodpressure, were assessed by the percentage of patients whose Hb level was < 12 g/dl. Costs of treatmentwere calculated as one-month upper limit of insurance cost and ratio of patients who remainedon the initial dose. Results : Hb level improvement was evident in 5 of 24 (20.8%) patients treated with epoetin-beta, 10of 24 (41.6%) patients after switching to MPGEPO, 7 of 17 (41.1%) patients treated with darbepoetinalfa,and 12 of 17 (70.6%) patients after switching to MPGEPO. Potential side effects in the samerespective order of treatment were evident in 9 of 24 (38%), 7 of 24 (29%), 5 of 17 (29%), and 7 of 17(41%) patients. One-month upper limit of insurance cost was increased 1.5- and 1.4- fold afterswitching to MPGEPO from epoetin-beta and darbepoetin-alfa, respectively, compared to beforeswitch. The number of patients who remained on the initial dose was also increased after switchingto MPGEPO. Conclusions : Conversion from conventional ESAs to MPGEPO increased the Hb level and reduceddosing frequency. But drug switching did not reduce the frequency of potential side effects andincreased drug costs. Drug selection must consider the state of patents, weighing the advantages anddisadvantages of each drug.

인지적 유연성을 나타내는 전환비용은 현재의 과제를 준비하는 과제세트 재구성과 이전 과제세트의 영향인 과제세트 관성에 의해 나타난다. 본 연구는 단서 과제전환과 자발적 과제전환의 전환비용에 각각 단서 처리와 과제 선택 과정이 추가적으로 반영될 가능성을 배제함으로써 전환비용에 대한 과제세트 재구성 및 과제세트 관성의 영향을 정확히 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 참가자들에게 과제전환 각 절차에서 과제 단서와 선택 단서에 대해 반응하도록 하고, 단서를 기준으로 이전 과제세트의 영향과 현재 과제에 대한 준비기간을 조작하였다. 실험 결과, 자발적 과제전환의 전환비용은 준비시간이 증가할 때 유의하게 감소하였으나 과제세트 관성과는 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 단서 과제전환에서는 전환비용이 과제세트 관성과 함께 감소하였으며, 준비시간과는 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 두 과제전환 절차를 통해 인지적 유연성의 서로 다른 측면을 구체적으로 규명할 수 있음을 확인한 점에서 중요한 의의를 가진다.

The switch cost, which represents cognitive flexibility, is known to be caused by task-set reconfiguration and task-set inertia. This study aimed to specifically evaluate the contributions of these two cognitive processes to switch costs in cued and voluntary task switching paradigms by excluding additional cost induced from cue- and task-selection processes. For this purpose, we developed experimental tasks that required participants to respond both to the task cue and choice cue, and the task-set inertia and preparation times were manipulated based on the cue responses. Results showed that the switch cost in the voluntary task switching decreased as preparation times increased whereas it was unrelated with task-set inertia. Reversely, the switch cost in the cued task switching decreased when task-set inertia decreased but it was not associated with preparation times. This study suggests that different aspects of cognitive flexibility can be identified through the two task switching procedures.

Conventional amphotericin B (Fungizoneⓡ) remains one of the most effective agents for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Lipid formulations of conventional amphotericin B have been manufactured in attempts to reduce amphotericin B-related nephrotoxicity. Although many patients have been switched from Fungizoneⓡ to a liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisomeⓡ) because of a decrease in renal function, its influence on renal function has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in renal functions of pediatric patients who were switched from Fungizoneⓡ to AmBisomeⓡ. Hospitalized patients(≤18 years old) whose antifungal therapy was switched were retrospectively analyzed from patient medical charts for the period from March 2004 to October 2005. The total 84 patients were started on Fungizoneⓡ, and therapy was changed to AmBisomeⓡ in 17(20.2%) of the patients. Renal function was evaluated by examining changes in serum creatinine. The patient was considered to have stable renal function if the SCr change from the baseline value was <20%. Improvement in renal function was defined as a ≥20% decrease in SCr from the baseline value. Deterioration in renal function was defined as a ≥20% increase in SCr from the baseline value. 6 of the 17 patients (35.3%) had an improvement in renal function when switched to AmBisomeⓡ, with a mean±S.D. change in SCr of -35.1±14.3% (range, -20 ~ -62.5%), and 8 patients (47.1%) were stable in renal function. Limitations of this study are that data were collected for a small sample size (n=17) and are the many variables, other than amphotericin B-related renal dysfunction. Additional prospective studies with larger and controlled samples are needed to confirm these results.

Riverbed Modeler SDN 모델은 시뮬레이터 외부 실제 컨트롤러와의 연동을 전제로 구현되었다. 따라서, SDN 테스트베드를 구축하면서 트래픽 발생을 위한 장치 또한 연동하기 위해서는 다수의 네트워크 인터페이스가 필요하기 때문에 연결 구조가 복잡해진다. 본 논문에서는 Riverbed Modeler가 설치된 PC에서 외부 컨트롤러와의 연동을 위해 사용되는 인터페이스의 수를 최소화하기 위한 테스트베드의 연결 구조를 제안한다.