Earticle

최근 군에서는 병사들이 보다 나은 환경에서 군 생활을 영위하도록 병영문화정책을 개선해 오고 있다. 이러한 취지에서 A사단에서는 모든 병사들이 참여하는 “목표지향적 자기계발프로그램”을 도입하였다. 이 프로그램은 인생목표를 설정한 다음 군에서의 목표뿐 아니라 전역 후 까지 연계해서 자기계발을 하도록 지도하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 프로그램의 효과성을 검증하기 위해 병사들의 목표관리와 자아존중감, 군 생활만족에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고 그 결과를 토대로 향후 보다 건강한 병영문화 조성을 위한 정책적 전략들을 제안하고자 하는 것이다. 연구방법은 프로그램 실시를 한 A사단(실험집단)과 프로그램을 실시하지 않은 B사단(통제집단)에게 설문조사를 실시하여 그 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 연구의 대상은 실험집단 257명과 통제집단 231명 등 총 488명이다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 11.5 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test(검증)와 공변량 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 프로그램을 실시한 장병들이 그렇지 않은 장병들보다 위에서 언급한 영역에서 모두 유의미한 효과가 있음이 밝혀졌다.

Recently the military is improving the policies of military culture for soldiers to lead a better military life. In this effect, ‘division A’ introduced “goal-directed self development program’. This program is guiding the soldiers to set up personal mission in life not only in the military but also linked to the future, after being discharged from military service. Therefore the purpose of this research is to test the effect of this program on soldier’s objective management, self esteem and satisfaction and to propose political strategies for creating healthier military culture. The research method was to compare and analyze the difference between two groups, ‘division A’(experimental group), which operated the program, and ‘division B’(controlled group) which did not operated the program. research targets were 488 soldiers in total, 257 soldiers in experimental group and 231 in controlled group. T-test(verification) and analysis of covariance was done with SPSS WIN 11.5 program with collected information. The result showed that the program has meaningful effect in every aspect mentioned above to the soldiers.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a dietary self-care promotion program for hemodialysispatients based on Hurley's self-efficacy model, utilizing an online community to enhance the dietaryself-care behavior of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: The needs of hemodialysis patients were identified, and an online community-based dietaryself-care promotion program was developed with expert evaluations. Forty-four hemodialysis patientswere randomly assigned to an experimental group (n ¼ 22) and a control group (n ¼ 22). The programwas applied to the experimental group for four weeks. Before and after the intervention, as well as fourweeks after the intervention, dietary self-efficacy, dietary self-care behavior, interdialytic weight gain,serum phosphorus, and serum potassium were assessed in both groups. Results: Significant differences over time and between groups were observed in dietary self-efficacy,interdialytic weight gain, serum phosphorus, and serum potassium. The interaction between time andgroup was also significant. While no significant differences were found over time in dietary self-carebehavior, significant group differences, and interaction effects between time and group were identified. Conclusions: The results indicate that the dietary self-care promotion program using an online communityfor hemodialysis patients is more effective in enhancing dietary self-efficacy and dietary self-carebehavior compared to conventional treatment. This suggests the clinical applicability of the proposeddietary self-care promotion program.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a mobile-based self-management health alarm (MSHA) program for modifying obese children's lifestyle based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model and to test its feasibility. Methods: A methodological study for the development of the MSHA program and pilot study with a one-group pretest-posttest design for feasibility testing was conducted. The MSHA program was designed to provide obesity-related information (I), monitor daily diet and exercise, provide motivational text messages (M), and enhance healthy diet and exercise skills (B) via a mobile-based web platform. In the feasibility test, six obese children participated in the 4-week program, and the number of days per week that they achieved their goals and differences in metabolic components were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Participants successfully achieved their diet and exercise goals≥5 days per week. Body mass index (z=-1.99, p=.046), waist circumference (z=-2.20, p=.028), and triglyceride levels (z=-2.21, p=.027) significantly decreased. Conclusion: The MSHA program showed positive effects on health behaviors and metabolic syndrome risk. The program may be effective in improving metabolic syndrome in obese children by promoting self-health management behaviors.

Purpose: This pilot study aimed to develop and conduct an initial evaluation of a self- care improvement program for older school-aged children with atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used with 20 children in grades 4?6 diagnosed with AD. The experimental group (n=12) received a 5-week Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB)-based program, which included five 40-minute sessions for children and one 50-minute session for mothers. The control group (n=8) received usual care. Data was collected at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 4 weeks post-intervention. Outcome variables included AD knowledge, motivation for AD self-care, self-efficacy for managing AD, self-care behaviors, and AD severity. Generalized estimating equations were used for analysis. Results: Time-by-group interaction effects were observed for AD knowledge (p<.001), personal motivation (p=.011), self-efficacy (p=.034), self-care behaviors (p=.027), and AD severity (p=.039). Improvements in knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy persisted through follow-up, while changes in self-care behaviors and AD severity were significant only at posttest. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that an IMB-based self-care program can improve knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy in children with AD, leading to better self-care behaviors and reduced symptom severity. These findings support the feasibility and potential usefulness of a structured, theory-based intervention. Further fully powered trials are needed to confirm effectiveness and identify strategies for maintaining long-term outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and examine the effects of a mobile application-based self-management program for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: This study used a nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design. Eighty-three patients with colorectal cancer undergoing neurotoxic chemotherapy were included in the study (experimental group, n=41; control group, n=42). The self-management program for CIPN consisted of an eight-week program (for individual training and telephonic coaching). CIPN 20, a CIPN assessment tool, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 scale were used to assess CIPN, disturbance of activities of daily living, and quality of life, respectively. The study was conducted from December 7, 2018, to August 20, 2019. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, a test of homogeneity in the pretest, independent t-tests, and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used. Results: In the experimental group, significant improvements were found in CIPN (F=5.88, p=.018) and disturbance of activities of daily living (F=8.26, p=.005) compared to those in the control group. There was no significant difference in the interaction between the groups and time in terms of quality of life. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the mobile application-based self-management program used in this study is effective and could be used as a nursing intervention for cancer patients with CIPN.

This study investigates teachers’ ability to formulate questions to understand English passages after they had participated in a self-questioning workshop, and what they learnt from the workshop. Three secondary English teachers were involved in the self- questioning workshop in a specific context in Indonesia. The workshop was completed in three sessions comprised of three phases: the priorworkshop assessment, the workshop, and post-workshop assessment. These activities were video, and audio recorded. A case study research design was employed. Data were gathered from generated questions, interviews, observations, and reflective journals during the workshop. The findings reveal that the type of generated questions improved after the workshop, shifting from questions with explicit answers to better questions that require inferences and implicit answers. The teachers perceived the questioning workshop to be beneficial for learning, reflection, and improvement of their teaching. They were able to recognize the importance of high-quality questions, reflect on their teaching practices, and learn practical knowledge including anticipation of challenges they might encounter to implement the workshop for their students. The findings also underline the importance of a supportive environment, such as creating an informal atmosphere and encouraging discussion, as necessary to allow the teachers to fully engage in the workshop.

Penelitian ini menyelidiki kemampuan guru dalam merumuskan pertanyaan untuk memahami bacaan bahasa Inggris setelah mereka berpartisipasi dalam lokakarya pertanyaan mandiri, dan apa yang mereka pelajari dari lokakarya tersebut. Tiga guru bahasa Inggris sekolah menengah dilibatkan dalam lokakarya pertanyaan mandiri dalam konteks di Indonesia. Lokakarya ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga sesi yang terdiri dari tiga tahap: penilaian sebelum lokakarya, lokakarya, dan penilaian setelah lokakarya. Kegiatankegiatan ini direkam dalam bentuk video dan audio. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan dari pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang diajukan, wawancara, observasi, dan jurnal reflektif selama lokakarya. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa jenis pertanyaan yang dihasilkan meningkat setelah lokakarya, bergeser dari pertanyaan dengan jawaban eksplisit menjadi pertanyaan yang lebih baik yang membutuhkan kesimpulan dan jawaban implisit. Para guru merasa bahwa lokakarya pengajuan pertanyaan bermanfaat untuk pembelajaran, refleksi, dan peningkatan pengajaran mereka. Mereka mampu mengenali pentingnya pertanyaan berkualitas tinggi, merefleksikan praktik mengajar mereka, dan mempelajari pengetahuan praktis, termasuk mengantisipasi tantangan yang mungkin mereka hadapi dalam mengimplementasikan lokakarya ini kepada para siswa mereka. Temuan ini juga menggarisbawahi pentingnya lingkungan yang mendukung, seperti menciptakan suasana informal dan mendorong diskusi, yang diperlukan agar para guru dapat sepenuhnya terlibat dalam lokakarya.

배경: Schwartz에 의해 개발된 IFS치료는 참자기(Self)와의 만남으로 안정적인 정서를 형성함으로, 학생정 서·행동 특성검사에서 관심군으로 분류되는 청소년을 돕고자 하였다. 목적: 청소년기에 당면하는 위기에 잘 대처하여 안정적인 성장을 위한 긍정적 자아정체감을 향상하기 위 한 프로그램을 개발하여 정서적 안정과 치료에 효과를 보고자 하였다. 방법론/접근: 이를 위한 세부목표로 첫째, 청소년기의 특성을 살펴보고 IFS 접근을 통하여 프로그램을 개 발한다. 둘째, 자아정체감 향상 프로그램을 개발함에 있어서 필요한 프로그램 대상, 목표, 구성, 내용을 설계한다. 셋째, 청소년의 자아정체감을 향상하기 위한 실제적인 IFS 프로그램을 개발하기 위해, 예비연 구와 평가로 실제적인 IFS 프로그램을 개발한다. 넷째, 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위한 자아정체 감·IFS·학생정서·행동 특성검사 척도를 이용하여 사전·사후의 양적 검증과 질적 검증으로 효과를 검 증하였다. 결과/결론: 본 연구에서 개발한 청소년의 자아정체감 향상을 위한 IFS 프로그램의 구성 내용은 실험 처치 한 결과 모두 유의한 결과가 나타나 효과가 있음을 검증하였고, 또한 청소년의 자아정체감 향상을 위한 IFS치료프로그램의 자아정체감 향상, IFS(내면가족체계)의 변화, 정서행동문제의 감소는 검증결과 유의미 한 결과를 보여 효과적임이 검증되었다. 시사점: 본 연구 결과는 첫째, 학생정서·행동 특성검사의 관심군과 청소년을 대상으로 연구를 하였고, 둘째, 청소년의 관심군의 참여가 자연스럽고 적극적으로 되었다는 점이다. 셋째, 본 연구에서는 양적효과 검증과 질적 분석을 병행하는 연구를 하였다. 넷째, 청소년의 자아정체감 향상을 위한 IFS 프로그램을 구 성하였다는 점이다. Stanley Hall은 청소년은 ‘질풍노도의 시기’라고 한다. 본 연구자는 청소년기에 보이는 불안정한 정서는 치료해야 할 ‘문제’라기보다는 건강한 성인으로 발달해가는 과정중의 하나이며 발달과제로 보고 있다. 청소년의 자아정체감 향상을 위한 IFS 프로그램이 자아정체감의 위기에 자신을 이해하고 수용하여, 정서·행동적 안정을 갖게 되고, 그로 인해 긍정적인 자 아정체감의 형성으로 삶의 질 향상에 기여할 것으로 본다.

Background: IFS treatment has been developed by Schwartz, Based on the fact that it forms a stable emotion through the encounter of self, we would like to help adolescents classified as focus groups identified by the test of the student’s emotional and behavioral characteristics. Purpose: By developing a program that improves the stable growth and positive self-identity for adolescents, we tried to obtain the positive effect in the adolescences coping with the crisis. Methodology/Approach: As detailed goals as follows; (1) Observe the characteristics of adolescence and develop the programs by IFS access. (2) When the program was developed for the improvement of self-identity, it was included object, goal, composition, and content as essential factors. (3) Both preliminary research and evaluation were preceded to develop practical IFS programs to improve adolescents' self-identity. (4) The effects of the programs were verified through pre- and post-quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the self-identity, IFS, student sentiment, and the scales of behavioral characteristic test. Findings/Conclusions: The overall results of the study show that the content of the IFS program for assisting the self-identification for youth has produced significant outcomes. Furthermore, the IFS treatment program was verified to assist in the self-identification of youths, the improvement in the IFS (Internal Family System), and reduction in emotional and behavioral problems. Implications: The results of this study are as follows; (1) The focus group from the student sentiment and behavioral characteristic test and adolescents were subjected to the study. (2) It derives the natural and active participation of the interest group of adolescents. (3) The study was conducted in parallel with quantitative effect verification and qualitative analysis. (4) IFS program was successfully constructed to improve adolescents' self-identity.

배경: 전 세계적으로 개인 맞춤형 웰니스 관광에 대한 수요가 증가함에 따라 천연자원을 보유한 제주도가 자연 치유 관광의 주요 목적지로 주목받고 있다. 그러나 현재 제주도의 웰니스 프로그램은 자연치유 효과에도 불구하고 방문객의 심리적·행동적 다양성을 충분히 반영하지 못하고 있다. 목적: 본 연구는 제주 웰니스 관광객을 소비 성향 과 자기효능감에 따라 세분화하고, 이를 바탕으로 맞춤형 웰니스 프로그램 추천 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 방법: 제주 를 1회 이상 방문한 응답자 1,000명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 데이터 전처리 후 953부의 유효 응답을 최종 분석에 활용하였다. 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 두 가지 요인을 도출하였고, k-평균 군집분석, 카이제곱 검정, 분산분석(ANOVA)을 활용하여 집단 특성을 분석하였다. 결과: 분석 결과, 제주 웰니스 관광객은 (1) 숲길 체험·트 레킹 등 자연 활동 중심의 참여를 보이는 절제된 소비 성향 및 높은 자기효능감을 가진 집단, (2) 고비용·구조화된 프로그램 및 신체 활동 참여가 활발한 소비 주도 성향과 높은 자기효능감을 가진 집단, (3) 비교적 참여 수준이 제한 적인 균형된 소비 성향과 낮은 자기효능감을 가진 집단으로 분류되었다. 또한 집단 간 활동 선호와 인구통계학적 특성에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론: 소비 성향과 자기효능감에 따른 심리적 세분화는 제주 웰니스 관광객의 활동 유형을 효과적으로 구분하며, 집단별 맞춤형 자연 기반 프로그램 추천을 통해 참여도와 만족도 향상에 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 웰니스 관광 프로그램 설계에서 행동 및 심리 프로파일링의 중요성을 실증적으로 제시 하며, 향후 다양한 지역 및 심리적 요인을 고려한 연구의 필요성을 제기한다.

Background: As demand for personalized wellness tourism increases, Jeju Island, with rich natural resources, is emerging as a destination for nature-based healing tourism. However, wellness programs in Jeju do not reflect the psychological and behavioral diversity of visitors. Objective: This study aims to segment Jeju wellness tourists based on their consumption tendency and self-efficacy and to provide implications for recommending wellness programs grounded in this psychological segmentation. Methods: A survey was conducted with 1,000 respondents who had visited Jeju at least once. After data preprocessing, 953 valid responses were retained for analysis. Two factors (consumption tendency and self-efficacy) were derived through exploratory factor analysis, and cluster characteristics were analyzed using k-means cluster analysis, chi-square tests, and ANOVA. Results: Three clusters were derived: (1) a restrained consumption and high self-efficacy group characterized by participation primarily in nature-based activities such as forest trail experiences and trekking, (2) a consumption-driven and high self-efficacy group that actively participated in high-cost, structured programs and physical activities, and (3) a balanced consumption and low self-efficacy group characterized by relatively limited participation. Significant differences were identified in activity preferences and demographic characteristics across clusters. Conclusions: Psychological segmentation based on consumption tendency and self-efficacy differentiates activity patterns among Jeju wellness tourists and suggests that recommending nature-based programs for each group can contribute to enhancing participation and satisfaction. This study empirically demonstrates the importance of behavioral and psychological profiling in the design of wellness tourism programs and highlights the need for future research that considers regional and psychological factors.

본 연구는 대학생으로 하여금 자기주도적 학습을 촉진하기 위한 "온라인 튜터링 학습 지원 프로그램"을 개발하고 그 효과를 알아보는 것이다. 오프라인 튜터링의 시간적·공간 적 한계를 극복하고자, 온라인 플랫폼을 활용한 튜터링을 제안하고 있다. 프로그램은 학 습전략 개발 및 실시간 온라인 방송을 통해 튜티가 다양한 튜터로부터 학습할 수 있는 환경을 제공하며, 자기주도적 학습력 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과, 실험집단은 인지전략, 동기전략, 행동전략에서 유의미한 향상을 보였으며, 이 프로그램이 학생들에게 시공간의 제약없이 학습적 도움을 제공할 수 있음을 확인하 였다. 결론적으로, 이러한 온라인 프로그램이 대학생의 자기주도적 학습력 향상에 긍정 적인 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 제안하였으며, 지속적인 연구를 통해 더욱 광범위한 교육 효과성을 확보할 필요가 있다는 제언을 하였다.

This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an “Online Tutoring Learning Strategy Program”to promote self-directed learning among university students. To overcome the temporal and spatial limitations of offline tutoring, the study proposes tutoring using an online platform. The program facilitates an environment where tutees can learn from various tutors through learning strategy development and live online broadcasts, which has shown a positive impact on enhancing self-directed learning skills. The results indicate that the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive, motivational, and behavioral strategies, confirming that this program can provide academic support without time and space constraints. In conclusion, the study suggests that such an online program can positively influence the enhancement of self-directed learning skills in university students and recommends further research to secure a broader range of educational effectiveness.

Purpose: In this study the effects of Self-Development program on self-esteem and communication in middle school students were examined. Method: Forty-three middle school students in D City participated in a survey, which was carried out from October to November, 2007. To test the effects of the Self-Development Program, the students were divided into two groups, an experimental group (23) and a control group (20). The research design used in this study was a nonequivalent control group pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design. The research tools included a self-esteem scale and a communication scale. Chi-square test, paired t-test, and t-test were used to analyze the data with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Result: Significant differences were found in self-esteem scores between the experimental group and the control group. But there were no significant differences between the two groups on communication scores. Conclusion: The results suggest that the Self-Development program is a useful nursing intervention for improving the self-esteem of middle school students.

This study focuses on development and effect of program that improves self-esteem and sports psychology skill for the improvement of self-esteem of professional youth athletes. For this study, 15 students of judo club of Seoul physical education middle school are participating on this study. The procedure of study consists of 3 steps that are the development of program for the improvement of self-esteem, application, and effect verification. The program is developed with precedence study and consultation with professional, and following effect is verified after the application of program that consists of 10 frequencies. For the analyzation of effect about the program of improvement for self-esteem, the qualitative analysis of activity paper for each frequency by participants, question paper by Hee hwa, Kim (1998), and question paper of sport psychology skills by Jin, Yoo and Jung hun, Huh (2002) are used for the performance of action example t-verification with statistic program SPSS 18.0 for measured score of the examination for previousness, post-peroid , and retention. Following results from this study are on the next. First, overall improvement of average score of the self-esteem is occurred from post-period examination of self-esteem. Looking subordinate factors, the examination of post-period and retention shows meaningful difference that is higher than that of previousness examination. Second, through the application of program of improvement for self-esteem, sports psychology skill shows partially meaningful difference. Average score is improved after the application of program, which is higher than before the application. Also, confidence, anxiety control, and image ability show meaningful difference.

본 연구에서는 청소년의 자기조절프로그램을 개발하고，이를 청소년들에게 실시하고 그 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구의 제 1 단계에서는 선행연구들과 임상경힘을 기초로 청소년의 자기조절프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 프로그램은 집단으로 주 1 회 실시되는 프로그램으로서，자기조절 프로그램의 이해와 동기부여, 목표설정，시간관리，자아탐색，정서탐색 및 자극통제법，의사소통，자신과 타인이해하기를 주 내용으로 하며，전체 8회기로 이루어져 있다 연구의 제 2 단계에서는 청소년의 자기조절 프로그램을 대학생 23 명으로 구성된 집단에 실시하였으며，이들의 자기조절능력，자기효능감，스트레스，자아존중감을 프로그램 전과 후에 측정하여, 이를 통제집단 23 명의 학생들과 비교하였다. 실험 전과 후 집단 간의 자기조절능력，자기효능감，스트레스，자아존중감의 차이를 검증하였고，집단별 실험 전과 실험 후의 차이를 검증하였다. 그 결과 자기조절능력，자기효능감，자아존중감이 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 스트레스는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 청소년의 자기조절 프로그램이 자기조절능력 헝장과 자기효능감，자아존중감이 증진 된다는 것을 보임으로서，자기조절 기능의 약화로 야기되는 청소년 문제의 예방적 효과를 가질 수 있음을 제시하였다 논의에서는 프로그램 효과에 기여한 요소들의 분석과 앞으로의 연구제언들을 기술하였다.

This study was aimed at developing a self-regulation program for youth, appling the program to youth, and verifying its effects. The first step for the program development was based on the previous studies and clinical experimental data. The program was designed for the self-regulation program mastering, motivation for the program, goal setting, time management, ego search, stimulus-control, emotion search, communication, and mutual understanding. The participants were， tested once a week in 8 weeks and the tests were completed. At the second step, the self-regulation program for youth was administered to the therapy group of 23 college students, and the therapy group's self-regulation， self-efficacy, stress, and self-esteem were evaluated before and after the test. The test results of the therapy group were compared with those of control group(23 college students). The before-and-after- treatment differences in self-regulation， self-efficacy, stress ，and self-esteem between the two groups were verified. According to the above-mentioned tests ， the therapy group showed the statistically significant increases in self-regulation, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. However, the two groups showed no statistically significant differences in the stress. This study showed that the self-regulation program for youth was useful in increasing the levels of self-regulation and self-efficacy, self-esteem. And when the self-regulation program for youth is properly administered， the youth problems that were caused by the weakened self-regulation could be effectively decreased.

본 연구는 공격적인 성향을 보이는 아동을 대상으로 자기조절력 증진 프로그램의 개발과 적용을 시도하였다. 공격성 발현은 아동청소년 발달시기에서 중요한 외현화문제로 알려져 있다. 기존 연구에서 공격성은 초기 아동기에 신장된 자기조절력을 통하여 보다 효과적으로 개입될 수 있음이 보고되었다. 이에 본 연구는 인지행동이론을 바탕으로 자기조절능력 프로그램을 개발하였고, 경기도 N시의 지역아동센터 이용 아동 중 높은 공격적 성향으로 심리코칭센터에 의뢰된 16명을 대상으로 적용하였다. 유사한 인구사회학적 배경을 가진 통제 집단 17명과의 비교하여 프로그램에 참여한 집단의 자기조절능력은 사전측정과 프로그램 참여 후 사후측정 간의 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 구체적으로 프로그램 참여집단의 자기조절력은 사전측정에 비해 사후측정의 평균이 높았으며, 통제집단의 평균차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 정책적, 실천적 함의를 논하였다.

This study attempted to develop and apply a self-regulatory program for children who show aggressive tendencies. Aggressive expression is known to be an important externalization problem in the development of children and adolescents. Many precedent studies suggest that such aggression can be more effectively intervened through the development of early childhood self-regulation. Therefore, this study developed self-regulation ability program based on the theory of cognitive behavior and applied it to 16 children who were referred to a Psychological Coaching Center among children with high aggressive tendencies at the community child center in N city, Gyeonggi-do. In comparison with 17 children of control groups and 16 children of program participation group, the mean of self-regulation ability of program participation group showed a significant difference between the first and last measurement sessions. Specifically, the self-regulatory ability of the program participants was higher in the final measurement session than in the initial measurement session, and there was no statistically significant difference between the control groups. Policy and practical implication were discussed based on the results.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Sensory Integration Development Program on the elementary students' physical self-concept. The participants of the study were 197 third graders (103 boys, 94 girls) in H & S elementary school in Seoul. The subjects were divided into two groups, and only the experimental group participated in sensory integration program. Sensory integration development program was consists of tactile sense, vestibular sense, proprioceptive sense, body image, body schema, body concept, locomotor movement, manipulative movement, eye-hand coordination movement, and gross motor skill activities. The data for this study was collected through the self-concept survey questionnaires. The questionnaires of this study was a Korean version of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire(Kim, 2001). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measure using SPSS 15.0 indicated that significant differences were found in the factors of physical self-concept. The results indicated that Sensory Integration Development Program in class period had positive effects on the elementary students' physical self-concept.

이 연구의 목적은 초등학생의 자기 수용을 통한 자아존중감 증진을 위한 프로그램의 개발에 있다. 초등학생 들의 자아존중감은 자기 자신을 있는 그대로 받아들이는 자기 수용과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이를 위해서, 이 연구에 서는 자아존중감 증진에 필요한 요인으로 안정성, 자기이해, 자아수용, 자기존중, 대인관계 등의 내용요소를 선정하였 다. 프로그램의 구조 및 내용 설계는 초등교사와 32명과 초등학생 93명을 대상으로 한 기초 요구조사와 개발한 프로 그램에 대한 3명의 전문가로부터 총 2회에 걸친 타당성 검증과정을 통해 이루어졌다. 또한, 프로그램의 설계는 관찰, 전환, 관계지향 등의 3단계로 구성하고, 단계별로 프로그램에 적합한 내용요소를 선정하였다. 이 프로그램은 초등학 생의 자아존중감 증진을 위해 주로 인지적, 정서적인 측면에 치중하고 있어서 행동적 측면이 다소 부족한 경향이 있다.

The objective of this study is to develop self-esteem program for elementary school students by accepting themselves. Elementary school students’ self-esteem is closely related with accepting themselves as they are. For this reason, the contents of this study were consisted of stability, self-understanding, self-acceptance, self-respect, personal relationships. Three experts accomplished program structure and contents design performed by two tests on validity. The need-survey for this was based on the participants who were 93 elementary school students and 32 elementary school teachers. Also, this program was designed in 3 steps of observation, conversion and relation-orientation. The contents of these steps are related with this program’s propriety. This program has a little weakness in behavioristic sides because it concentrated on cognitive and affective aspect for the self-esteem development of elementary school students.

본 연구는 Bandura(1977)의 자기효능 정보근원인 수행완성, 대리경험, 및 언어적 설득을 바탕으로 하여 유방자가검진을 위한 효능기대증진 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여 유방자가검진 대상 연령에 속하는 여성 40명을 대상으로 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 실시된 비 동등성 대조군 전후 설계를 이용한 유사실험 연구이다. 연구대상은 P광역시에 소재한 2개의 교회 여전도회원 중 본 연구의 목적을 이해하고 연구 참여에 수락한 회원 40명을 대상으로 하였고 실험군은 S교회 20명, 대조군은 D교회 여전도회원 20명이었다. 실험절차는 사전조사와 집단교육을 실시한 후 1주 후 부터 매주 1회 수행평가와 언어적 설득을 실시하였으며 실험에 대한 효과는 교육 1주 후와 5주 후에 측정하였다. 자료수집은 대조군은 2001년1월 11일에서 2월15일, 실험군은 2001년 1월12일에서 2월 16일까지 자료를 수집하였다. 본 연구에 사용한 측정도구는 전문가의 자문을 거쳐 본 연구자가 개발한 자기효능감 정도와 유방자가검진 수행정도를 측정하는 도구를 사용하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS/10.0PC 프로그램을 이용하여 χ²-test, t-test 및 ANCOVA로 분석하였고, 연구 신뢰도는 Cronbach's α 로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 가설을 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) "효능기대증진 프로그램으로 교육받은 실험군은 교육받지 않은 대조군에 비해 자기 효능감 변화정도가 높을 것이다"는 지지되었다(교육 1주후 F=18.395, P= .000; 5주후 F=28.972, P= .000). 2) “효능기대증진 프로그램으로 교육받은 실험군은 교육받지 않은 대조군에 비해 유방 자가검진 수행변화정도가 높을 것이다"는 지지되었다(교육 1주후 F=37.984, P= .000 ; 5주 후 F=28.972, P= .000). 결론적으로 본 연구에서 개발된 효능기대증진 프로그램은 자기효능감과 유방자가검진 수행을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 유방암 조기발견에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대 된다. 앞으로 연구에서는 연구대상 집단을 달리하여 반복연구 해볼 필요가 있으며 프로그램 적용의 효과를 지속적으로 평가하는 장기적인 연구와 수행의 정확도를 측정할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

Breast self-exam is easiest, safe and cost effective to be recommended as an important method for early detection of breast cancer. This experimental research with non-equal control design was to develop the efficacy expectation program for breast self-exam based on Bandura's self-efficacy information source, The study objects selected from two local churches in Busan. Twenty from S church were selected as a study group, twenty from D church as a control group. Efficacy expectation promoting program was based on Bandura's efficacy promoting source and was two hour lecture including slide, video tape, demonstration, pamphlet. After this, there were individual interviews with them and consultations through telephone f or verbal persuasion on the weekly basis between the first week and the fifth week. The effect from the experiment were measured on the first week after education and on the fifth week. Data from control group was collected during the period from Jan 11, 2 001 to Feb 15, 2001 and data from study group was collected during the period from Jan 12, 2001 to Feb 16, 2001. Measurement instrument for this study was developed by the author with the advice of specialist in order to measure self-efficacy and breast self-exam practice. Data analysis was done by using SPSS/10.0 PC program with²- test, t-test and ANCOVA. Proved results for hypothesis were as follows. 1) It was supported that "Study group educated by efficacy expectation promoting program has higher score in change rat e of self-efficacy than control group." (1 week after education F=18.395, p=.000 5 weeks after education F=28.972, p=.000) 2) It was supported that "Study group educated by efficacy expectation promoting program has higher score in change rate of exam practice than control group." (1 week after education F=37.984, p=.000 5 weeks after education F=28.972, p=.000) In conclusion, efficacy expectation promoting program for breast self-exam developed by this study may increase s elf-efficacy and breast self-exam practice.

본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 핵심수기술 자가학습용 모바일 앱을 개발하고, 유용성을 평가하기 위해 실시된 융합적 연구이다. 모바일 앱 평가도구(MARS)와 7개의 서술형 문항을 사용하여 22명의 간호대학생을 대상 으로 모바일 앱의 유용성 평가하였다. 정보제공성 영역이 4.19(SD 0.79)점으로 가장 높았으며, 주관적 앱의 질 영역이 3.08(SD 0.87)점으로 가장 낮은 평가를 받았다. 대상자의 핵심수기술 수행자신감은 8.23(SD 1.60)점 이었 으며, 학습만족도는 7.89(SD 0.87)점이었다. 또한, 서술형 문항에서 학생들은 시공간의 제약이 없는 편리성과 반 복적인 자가학습이 가능하다는 점을 가장 큰 강점으로 꼽았으며, 디자인과 기술적인 보완, 교수자 피드백의 필요 성을 언급하였다. 본 융합연구의 결과를 활용하여 핵심수기술 자가학습의 효과적인 학습 촉매제로 모바일 앱의 사용을 도모할 수 있을 것이며, 향후 간호대학생의 핵심수기술 수행역량에 대한 모바일 앱의 효과연구가 필요하다.

A convergence study was conducted to develop a smartphone application for self-practice of core nursing skills and evaluate its usefulness for undergraduate nursing students. Mobile Application Rating Scale and seven essay questionnaire were used to for usability evaluation among 22 undergraduate nursing students. The score of the information domain was the highest with 4.19(SD 0.79). The subjective quality domain showed the lowest score of 3.08(SD 0.87). Participants’ performance confidence score was 8.23(SD 1.60), and learning satisfaction score was 7.89(SD 0.87). Participants reported that the convenience and repetitive self-learning were the strengths of the app. In addition, design and technical supplementation, and lecturer-feedback would improve effectiveness of the current educational app. Findings of this convergent study would be helpful to promote the application of mobile apps for effective self-learning of core nursing skills in undergraduate nursing education. Future resesarch is needed to examine effectiveness study of mobile app on the performance of core nursing skills.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a self-assessment tool to evaluate program outcomes of nursing students in Korean nursing undergraduate education. Methods: The instrument development process consisted of literature review, focus group interviews, and item validation. A total of 117 items were analyzed through content validity testing. Data was gathered from 302 nursing students in Korea and analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: To construct validity, principal component analysis and Varimax rotation were used, and 12 factors, with a cumulative explanatory variance of 69.16%, were determined from 79 items. For internal consistency and reliability, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .91. The half-split reliability results were .84 and .85, and the ROC curve showed an optimal cutpoint at 227. A five-point Likert scale was used for scoring. Conclusion: This instrument was found to have fair validity and reliability as a self-assessment tool for nursing student learning outcomes. Therefore, it can be used to evaluate program outcomes indirectly in nursing schools.