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leaching, and the release of harmful heavy metals (HHMs), alongside high costs for maintenance and rehabilitation, particularly in disaster-prone countries like the Philippines. This study focuses the sustainable reuse of IOTs as an alternative to conventional disposal methods. A review of the literature shows that IOTs have beneficial properties, making them suitable for construction materials like cement, bricks, and ceramics. However, risk assessments and pre-treatment are essential for safe reuse when harmful heavy metals are present. The study proposes a preliminary framework for sustainable mine waste management, emphasizing waste reduction, minimizing environmental risks, and aligning with global sustainability goals. Successful reuse of IOTs in various countries highlights their potential to support infrastructure development while addressing environmental concerns. Additionally, the study calls for establishing environmental guidelines and sediment quality management, benefiting nations facing similar challenges. This research promotes sustainable IOT reuse, advancing the UN Sustainable Development Goals and fostering a circular economy

연구 개발 활동은 다양한 기술 정보의 조사 분석 및 기술 보고서 작성 활동들로 구성된다. 연구 개발 활동이 구체화되면서 이전 단계에 작성된, 또는 이전의 유사 프로젝트에서 작성된 관련 기술 문서를 참조하는 일이 많이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 연구자가 원하는 이전 산출물의 효율적인 재사용을 가능하게 하는 재사용 추천 프레임워 크인 RTRF(research task based reuse recommendation framework)를 제안한다. 제안하는 프레임워크는 기존의 유사어 기반 검색 및 재사용에 추가하여 태스크 유사도를 기반으로, 개발자의 연구와 비슷한 흐름을 가지고 있는 다른 개발자가 재사용한 문서를 추천해주어 개발자에게 필요할 수 있는 정보를 제공한다. 사례연구는 연구자들이 기존 문서를 재사용하여 기술동향보고서를 작성하는 과정에서의 효율성을 보이기 위해 수행하였다. RTRF를 이용 하여 재사용을 수행하는 경우, RTRF를 이용하지 않는 경우와 비교했을 때 다른 단계의 문서 및 다른 연구분야의 문서를 더 빈번하게 재사용하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 RTRF는 개발자가 저장소에 저장되어 있는 방대한 양의 R&D 문서들 중에서 원하는 문서를 효율적으로 재사용하는 것에 큰 기여를 한다.

Research and development(R&D) activities consist of analytical survey and state-of-the-art report writing for technical information. As R & D activities become more concrete, it often happens that they refer to related technical documents that were created in previous steps or created in previous similar projects. This paper proposes a research-task based reuse recommendation framework(RTRF), which is a reuse recommendation system that enables researchers to efficiently reuse the existing artifacts. In addition to the existing keyword-based retrieval and reuse, the proposed framework also provides reusable information that researchers may need by recommending reusable artifacts based on task similarity; other developers who have a similar task to the researcher's work can recommend reusable documents. A case study was performed to show the researchers’ efficiency in the process of writing the technology trend report by reusing existing documents. When reuse is performed using RTRF, it can be seen that documents of different stages or other research fields are reused more frequently than when RTRF is not used. The RTRF may contribute to the efficient reuse of the desired artifacts among huge amount of R&D documents stored in the repository.

치우를 통해 한국과 중국, 먀오족이 고대사를 어떠한 방식으로 재활용하고 있는지에 대해 살펴보았다. 이들 세 민족은 각기 자민족의 현실적인 이익에 의해 역사기억을 선택, 강화, 망각, 재구성이라는 과정을 통해 새롭게 과거를 창조하였다. 한국과 먀오족은 민족영웅으로서 치우가 필요하고 중국은 먀오족을 포용하여 중화민족으로 융합시키기 위해 치우가 필요하다. 그런데 이들이 치우가 자신과 관련이 있다고 내세운 근거가 바로 치우가 동이족이라는 것이다. 본고에서는 치우가 동이족에 속한다는 기존의 학설의 허구성을 밝히고 세 민족이 허구적 진실에 침묵하는 이유에 대해 살펴보았다. 치우가 동이족에 속하지 않는 이유를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 문헌자료의 인용에 있어 나타난 문제점은 자신의 주장을 증명하기에 적당한 자료만을 인용하고 인용한 자료에 대해서도 자의적인 해석을 가하였다는 것이다. 심지어는 기존 학자의 연구성과 중 ‘염제와 치우 동일설’은 아예 학자들의 논의대상에서 배제되었다. 치우 관련 신앙, 지명, 유물은 산둥성 이외의 지역에도 다량 분포하는데 기존 문헌에서도 산둥성 지역 자료만이 인용되었다. 고고유물 중 치우가 동이족임을 주장하는 근거로 자주 인용되는 산둥성 경내의 화상석의 괴수는 실제로는 대나(大儺)를 거행하는 방상씨이다. 괴수의 모습이 룽산(龍山)문화의 옥규(玉奎)에서 발견된 바 있으나 이러한 문양은 창강 중하류 신석기문화의 특징으로 치우가 동이족이라는 근거가 되지 못한다.

Korea, China, and Miao claim Chiyou is their ancestor, saying Chiyou belongs to Dongyi. However, bibliographic data and archaeological researches show Chiyou does not belong to Dongyi. Nevertheless Korea, China, and Miao accept Chiyou is Dongyi because all of them need Chiyou. Korea and Miao need their national hero and China need to assimilate Miao into the People of China, embracing them. The grounds for Chiyou's not belonging to Dongyi can be organized by bibliographic data and archaeological data as follows. The biggest problem in citing bibliographic data is the selectively citing only the data suiting their own taste and interpreting arbitrarily. The only bibliographic data which can prove the relation between Chiyou and Dongyi is the record "Chiyou used to reside in the land of Shaohao" in "Zhoushu, Changmai". Being a arbitrary interpretation, the data of "Yangtielun.Jiehuo" suggested by Xuxusheng is not a realistic ground. Based on the bibliographic data, Chiyou belongs to Miaomin in the beginning, yet is recognized as the same person as Yandi in the late stage and acts mainly in Hebeiprovinces. Chiyou's tomb and shrinein Shandongprovinces precinct were often referred to as the ground for Chiyou's being Dongyi, yet Chiyou's tombs exist all over Hebeiprovinces and the places named after Chiyou are distributed all over Shandongprovinces. Judging from Chiyou design of Chiyouxi of Hebeiprovinces andon Jianzhi, people residing there worshiped Chiyou as god, which indicates worshipping Chiyou was not monopolized by the people of Shandongprovinces. The monsters on huaxiangshi in Shandongprovinces precinct often cited as the ground to claim Chiyou was Dongyi, is in fact fangxiangshi performing the governing power. Even if the monster on huaxiangshi is Chiyou, almost 1,000 years has lapsed since the disappearance of Dongyi until the Han Dynasty. Thus, it is not logical to say Chiyou is Dongyi because of the relics in the Han Dynasty.

This experimental study was to determine the fitness in each cervical margin of reusing porcelain gold alloy. The gold alloy used in this experimental study was a Au-Pt-Pd alloy (BDCG-898, Bukwang Inc, Korea) for the fabrication of porcelain fused to metal crown. Twenty-five copings were divided into the five groups. And the group A, B, C, D and E were cording successively according to the frequency of reuse to five times. Each specimen was reused without adding new metal. The experimental results were as follows: 1. The group A, B, C showed good fitness in each cervical margin. 2. The group D got good fitness in labio and linguo cervical margin, but the mesio and disto cervical margin showed more than 40 . 3. The group E showed worse fitness than the other groups in each cervical margin.

왕포천은 충청남도 부여군에 위치하고 있는 하천으로 유로 연장이 길지 않고, 경작지 및 취락지를 통과하는 하천으로 수질이 불량하고, 수량이 부족한 하천이다. 따라서 부여 하수처리수와 왕포천의 비점오염원 1,500~7,000 ㎥/d를 처리 하고 생태계를 복원하고자 SSB (Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop) system의 처리습지를 적용한 결과는 다음과 같다. 왕포천 복원에 대한 설계 및 시공 완료후인 2016년부터 2018년까지 지속적인 관리와 모니터링을 실시한 결과 BOD5 평균 농도는 7.3 ㎎/L, 평균 유출농도는 2.1 ㎎/L로 71.2%의 개선 효율을 나타내었다. T-N은 평균 유입 농도가 7.953 ㎎/L, 평균 유출 농도가 3.379 ㎎/L로 57.5 %, T-P의 평균 유입 농도는 0.177 ㎎/L, 평균 유출 농도는 0.052 ㎎/L로 70.7 %의 개선효과를 나타냈다. 왕포천 수질정화시설을 통한 생태계복원에 대한 모니터링 결과는 복원 후 3년 동안 모니터링 된 왕포천 수질정화시스템의 식물상은 21과 41종으로 식재수종보다 자연유입된 식물종의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 동물상에 대한 모니터링 결과, 양서류와 파충류는 3과 6종, 조류는 15과 25종, 포유류는 5과 5종이 왕포천과 생태적수질정화시설을 이동하며 서식하는 것으로 확인되어, 생물다양성도 창출및 향상된 것으로 나타났다.

The Wangpo stream located in the Buyeo-gun was a small stream with both low water quality and quantity due to the cultivated land and settlement area through the stream. In order to restore ecosystem, the Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop system was applied to treat 1,500 to 7,000 ㎥/d amount of effluent water pumped from the Buyeo sewage treatment plant facility as well as inflowed from nonpoint pollution source of Wangpo stream. As a result of continuous monitoring for 2 years from 2016 to 2018 after completing restorative construction, the average BOD5 as an index of organic pollution was 7.3 mg/L and the average effluent concentration became 2.1 mg/L, showing an improvement by 71.2%. The average inflow concentration of T-N was 7.953 mg/L and the average outflow concentration was 3.379 mg/L, showing 57.5% of improvement. The average inflow concentration of T-P was 0.177 mg/L and the average outflow concentration was 0.052 mg/L, showing about 70.7% improvement. The results of ecological monitoring after creating biotope by reuse of treated waste water and nonpoint pollution source of the Wangpo Stream are as follows. The plant taxa founded in water SSB(Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop) system of the Wangpo Stream was total 41 species in 21 families, showing a higher proportion of naturally introduced plant than that of artificially planted species. In case of other terrestrial animals, both amphibian and reptile group were confirmed as 3 species in 6 families, avian group was 25 species of 15 families, and mammal group observed 5 species in 5 families, respectively. All species have been created and enhanced through purified water inhabited in the SSB(Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop) system as a treatment wetland, eventually migrating to the Wangpo Stream.

백제는 웅진기에 전실묘의 축조를 계기로 하여 중국 남조로부터 새로운 전축기술(塼築技術)을 도입한 것으로 보인다. 이를 확인하기 위해 먼저 백제 전실묘와 부분 전축 석실묘(部分 塼築 石室墓)를 축조하는 데 사용된 벽돌의 제작 기법을 비교하였고, 이를 통해 전실묘 축조용 벽돌과 일반 건축용 벽돌을 대별하였으며, 특히 전실묘 축조용 벽돌에서 보이는 타날, 건조시 초모흔 등은 남조의 전실묘 축조용 벽돌 제작 기술의 직접적인 영향에 따른 것으로 보았다. 다음으로 백제 전실묘를 축조한 벽돌의 구성과 형태, 이에 따른 벽체 체축(砌築) 방법, 전실묘의 구조 등을 살펴봄으로써 각각에 적용된 전축기술의 특징을 비교해 보았다. 그 결과 교촌리 3호분은 남조의 영향을 받아 백제에서 처음 축조된 전실묘로, 무령왕릉과 6호분은 안정적인 구조로 축조된 전실묘임을 확인하였다. 특히 무령왕릉과 6호분은 백제와 남조의 긴밀한 대외교섭을 통한 전축기술의 직접적인 파급에 의해 나타난 것으로 보았다. 이후 백제 전실묘의 축조는 중단되었으나, 전축기술은 전실묘 축조용 벽돌을 재활용하여 부분 전축 석실묘를 축조하거나, 전용(轉用)하는 양상으로 확인된다. 또한 사비기에 왕궁과 사원 등 도성 내의 기반 시설 구축을 위한 새로운 전축기술이 요구되어, 전적기단의 축조나 건축부재로써의 다양한 벽돌의 제작 등으로 나타나는 것으로 이해하였다. 따라서 백제가 전실묘 축조를 위해 남조로부터 도입한 새로운 전축 기술은 전실묘의 축조에 국한되지 않고 웅진‧사비기에 일반 건축으로까지 확장되었으며, 이러한 변화 과정을 통해 백제의 전축문화가 형성‧발전한 것으로 볼 수 있다.

During the Ungjin period, Baekje adopted new brick construction techniques from the Southern Dynasties of China, particularly in conjunction with the construction of brick-chambered tombs. This study compares the brick manufacturing methods used in Baekje’s brick-chambered tombs and partially brick-built stone chamber tombs, identifying differences between bricks used for tombs and for general architecture. Features such as paddle marks and drying traces suggest direct Southern influence. Further analysis of the brick forms, wall construction methods, and tomb structures reveals that Tomb No. 3 at Gyochon-ri was the earliest example, while the tomb of King Muryeong and Tomb No. 6 at Songsan-ri were more advanced and stable in design. Although the construction of brick-chambered tombs was short-lived, brick techniques were subsequently reused and repurposed in other architectural contexts, including tombs, wells, and public structures. In the Sabi period, brick construction expanded to palaces and temples, including podiums and decorative bricks. These findings suggest that brick construction, initially introduced for mortuary purposes, gradually expanded into general architecture and diversified over time, forming the foundation of Baekje’s distinctive brick construction culture.

본 연구의 목적은 건강검진 전문센터를 이용하는 민간검진자의 재검진 요인을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 전국 7개 지역에 건강검진센터를 두고 있는 검진전문기관의 2008년도 70,250명을 대상으로 2012년까지 검진기관을 재방문한 요인을 분석하였다. 재검진 요인 분석을 위해 사용된 변수는 인구사회학적 특성, 유병 및 과거력, 신체계측, 생화학적 검사, 건강실천행태 등으로 교차분석 및 음이항 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 19.2%가 2008년부터 2012년까지 매년 건강검진을 받았으며, 남성(exp(β)=1.08), 30-40대(exp(β)=1.09~1.18), 대구(exp(β)=1.78), 광주(exp(β)=1.57), 전남(exp(β)=1.47), 경남(exp(β)=1.52) 지역의 재수검 확률이 높았고, 과체중(exp(β)=1.04) 및 고혈압 전단계인 사람(exp(β)=1.06), 적정 음주(exp(β)=1.17~1.21), 비흡연(exp(β)=1.02), 낮은 스트레스(exp(β)=1.02~1.06) 등 건강위험 요인을 관리하고 적정운동(exp(β)=1.05~1.07) 등의 건강실천을 행하는 사람의 재수검 확률이 높았다. 검진전문기관은 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 CRM 수행 전략을 세우는 등 기관운영의 활성방안을 마련할 수 있을 것이다.

This study aims to identify factors related to rescreening the private health screening center. Data from private health screening center with seven district centers were analyzed. The number of subjects was 70,250 from 2008 through 2015. Socio-demographic characteristics, morbidity, history, physical measurement, laboratory test, and health behavior factors were analyzed the association with health rescreening using chi-square test and negative binominal regression. 19.2% of subjects were recheck their health status on each year from 2008 to 2012. The socio-demographic characteristics related to reuse private health screening center were male, 30-40 aged, Daegu, Gwangju, Jeonnam and Gyeongnam region residents. And overweight and pre-hypertension were also factors association with number of using the private health screening program. People who control their health risk factors such as alcohol intake, smoking and mental health and execute physical exercise tend to use health screening program regularly. Our finding suggest that customer relationship management can execute and private health screening center enable their strategic plan based on data-evidence.

The study has investigated what kinds of influences using characteristics would have on the person's satisfaction in sports application including re-use and recommendation of the same application. The results are presented as follows. First, using characteristics were applied to analyze the application satisfaction, the reuse intentions and the recommendation purposes. Regarding the purpose of use, as to the reuse intentions and the recommendation purposes, 'sports games' turned out to be most popular with 'sports news articles' considered least preferred in all the factors. Quality, entertainment and convenience of the application were believed to have the biggest influence on usage count, the reuse intentions and the recommendation purposes. 'Seven usage counts and above' has been determined to be the largest influence while 'one~three usage counts' turned out to be the most minor one. When it comes to hours of use, to put greater weight on quality, entertainment and convenience of the application before they reuse and recommend the application. 'The group that would use the application more than 15 minutes' turned out to be the most critical influence on the reuse and the recommendation of the application while 'the group that would use the application less than 5 minutes' was learned to be the least significant influence. second, how much the application satisfaction would affect the reuse intentions and the recommendation purposes was examined. For both the application satisfaction and the reuse intentions, quality, entertainment and convenience of the application turned out to have a statistically positive (+) cause. Even for the recommendation purposes, those three factors of the application would have statistically the same positive (+) effect. Third, how much the recommendation purposes would be influenced by the reuse intentions was investigated. The results said that the reuse intentions would have statistically a positive (+) effect on the recommendation purposes.

본 연구의 목적은 윤리적 패션의 기초연구로 지속가능한 패션 사례를 분석하는데 있다. 연구 방법은 사례연구로써 국내외 관련 서적과 논문 등의 선행 연구와 국내외 인터넷과 신문, 잡지와 같은 보도 자료 등의 자료들을 수집 조사하였다. 본 연구의 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 패스트(fast) 패션이 강세를 이루는 현 상황에서 효율적이고 경제적인 자원 활용에 대한 노력과 지속가능한 환경실천에 대한 관심증대가 지속가능한 패션의 출현을 야기 시켰다. 둘째, 지속가능한 패션제품들은 제품의 설계에서부터 생산, 폐기 후 재사용에 이르기까지 생태계를 보호하고 다음세대를 위해 자연 순환과정에 순응하는 제품이 주를 이루고 있었다. 셋째, 지속가능한 패션은 디자인기획의 초기단계에서는 환경 친화적인 소재를 사용하고 있었다. 넷째, 지속가능한 패션은 제품의 생명주기를 연장하여 불필요한 자원낭비를 막아 환경오염을 최소화하는 재활용이 활용되고 있었다. 이러한 지속가능한 재활용 패션디자인은 그린디자인이나 환경 친화적 제품의 시스템에서 보여주는 재사용, 재생 등의 방법들을 포함하고 있었다. 다섯째, 오래되거나 낡은 소재의 재사용은 패션의류와 패션잡화에 활용도가 높은 것으로 연구 되어졌다. 여섯째, 다른 형태의 소재로 만들어 사용하는 재생은 아웃도어, 스포츠 웨어에 활용도가 높은 것으로 연구 되어졌다.

The purpose of this study was to conduct basic research on the background of the emergence of sustainable fashion and the different types of sustainable fashion. The findings of the study were as follows: First, fast fashion was found to be rampant, but the emergence of sustainable fashion was triggered as there were efforts for efficient and economic utilization of resources available. Another reason was that there was growing concern for a sustainable environment. Second, most sustainable fashion products at present were intended to protect the eco system in every process of design, production, disuse and reuse, and to comply with the cycle of nature for the sake of next generations to come. Third, sustainable fashion products made use of environment-friendly materials in the initial stage of design planning. Fourth, recycled materials were used in sustainable fashion, in an effort to extend the life span of products, to prevent the unnecessary waste of resources and ultimately to minimize possible environmental pollution. This type of recycled, sustainable fashion design included methods of reuse and recycling used in green design or environment-friendly product systems. Fifth, studies found that the reuse of old and outdated materials was widespread in fashion apparels and goods. Sixth, the study found that the recycling of materials initially produced in a different form was common in outdoor clothing and sport-wear.

The advent of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technology has brought flexible provisioning to Fog?Cloud Computing-based Networks (FCCNs) for enterprises to outsource their network functions to data center networks. Service Function Chaining (SFC) is a networking concept in NFV by which traffic is steered through an ordered set of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) composing an end-to-end service. When hundreds of users outsource their network functions to FCCN, the optimal placement of VNFs in the network becomes important for assembling SFCs with the aim of resource utilization efficiency. Motivated by the scalability shortcomings of existing schemes, we propose Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)-based approaches by simultaneously considering parallelized SFC and reuse of VNFs to solve this problem, i.e., Asynchronous Advantage Actor?Critic (A3C). A parallelized SFC consists of several sub-SFCs, which can reduce delay and guarantee availability. Also, reuse of preliminary VNFs in SFC placement can improve computation acceleration. The proposed scheme pursues the maximization of the long-term cumulative reward for the trade-off between Quality of Service (QoS) and service cost. The results of the experiments show that the proposed scheme performs better than the state-of-the-art methods.

The pond slider (Trachemys scripta) was designated as an invasive alien species in South Korea in 2001. Although the prevention and control of invasive species have received considerable attention worldwide, studies on the current status and effective management of T. scripta in South Korea are lacking. This study aimed to elucidate the status of domestic reuse of T. scripta and provide effective management suggestions. Analysis of the National Institute of Ecology's “Nationwide Survey of Non-native Species in Korea” conducted from 2015 to 2022 confirmed the habitats of 1,440 T. scripta individuals at 295 sites. T. scripta is the most frequently observed among invasive turtles identified in the Korean Peninsula. To determine the reuse of T. scripta, 13 traditional markets were surveyed; five markets were confirmed to have T. scripta. Although the exact distribution route is unknown, individuals living or abandoned in the region might be resold in the market. T. scripta is mostly sold for ritual purposes. Moreover, T. scripta accounted for 31% of freshwater turtles abandoned between 2019 and 2022. Their continuous reuse has been confirmed 22 years after their designation as an invasive alien species. Therefore, effective and fundamental management measures for T. scripta are required.

본 연구는 공적 전자상거래 플랫폼인 남도장터의 판매자들을 대상으로 SERVQUAL 모델의 5 가지 변수(유형성, 신뢰성, 대응성, 확신성, 공감성)가 판매자 만족도와 재이용 의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 남도장터 판매자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 수 집된 데이터를 구조방정식 모델(PLS)을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 남도장터 판매자들 의 만족도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 유형성, 확신성, 공감성으로 나타났으며, 특히 유형 성이 만족도와 가장 큰 영향 관계에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 남도장터와 같은 공적 전자상거래 플랫폼이 판매자 입장에서 홈페이지의 인터페이스를 개선하는 등 유형적 환 경을 개선하는 전략 수립, 직원들의 전문성 강화를 통한 전자상거래 플랫폼의 확신성 강화, 직원들로 하여금 판매자들 입장에서 공감하려는 태도를 향상시키려는 노력 등의 전략이 판매 자 만족도와 재이용 의도를 높이는 데 핵심적인 요소임을 시사한다. 이를 통해 남도장터를 비 롯한 공적영역의 전자상거래 플랫폼들이 경영 전략을 수립하는데 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the five variables of the SERVQUAL model (typeability, reliability, responsiveness, certainty, and empathy) on seller satisfaction and reuse intention for sellers at Namdo Market, a public e-commerce platform. Research design, data, methodology : A survey was conducted on sellers of Namdo Marketplace and the collected data were analyzed by applying a structural equation model (PLS). Results : As a result of the analysis, the factors that have the greatest influence on the satisfaction of sellers in Namdo Market were tangible, certainty, and empathy, and in particular, tangible was found to have the greatest influence on satisfaction. Conclusions : These results show that public e-commerce platforms such as Namdo Marketplace develop strategies to improve the tangible environment, such as improving the interface of the website from the seller's point of view, and e-commerce by strengthening the professionalism of employees.

This paper proposes a novel fractional frequency reuse(FFR) based on dynamic user distribution. In the FFR, a macro cell is divided into two regions, i.e., the inner region(IR) and outer region(OR). The criterion for dividing the IR and OR is the distance ratio of the radius. However, these distance-based criteria are uncertain in measuring user performance. This is because there are various attenuation phenomena such as shadowing and wall penetration as well as path loss. Therefore, we propose a novel FFR based on dynamic user classification with signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR) of macro users and classify the FFR into two regions newly. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better performance than the conventional FFR in terms of SINR and throughput of macro cell users.

한정적인 수자원에 대한 활용 대책으로 재이용이 방안으로 주목받고 있다. 하수처리수 재이용은 연중 일정하고 안정적 으로 발생하는 하수 방류수를 이용한 방법으로 점차 늘어나는 추세이다. 그 중 분리막을 이용한 방법은 안정적인 수질 확 보와 소요 시설 부지가 적은 장점이 주목받고 있으나 현재까지 적용 사례가 적은 편이다. 본 연구에서는 100 m3/day 규 모의 UF+RO시스템을 구축하여 실제 하수처리 방류수에 대한 재이용 공정의 수질 적용성을 검증하고 UF 전처리 운전 에 따른 막오염 생성속도를 평가하였다. UF공정을 통한 99% 이상의 안정적인 입자성 물질 제거 성능 확인과 RO공정을 통한 유기물(80%), 색도(98%), 이온성물질(96%), 영양염류(T-P 100%, T-N 90%)의 높은 제거로 분리막을 이용한 하수 재이용 수질에 대한 검증을 하였다. 가압형 UF에 미량의 1.0 mg/L의 응집제 주입과 짧은 접촉만으로도 25% 수준의 분 리막 오염 생성 속도로 늦출 수 있고, 역세 시 약품을 주입하는 CEB을 활용시 분리막 pore의 흡착된 오염물질을 제거하 여 운영 지속 가능시간을 2.3배 길게 유지함을 확인하였다. 또한, 분리막 표면 분석을 통한 오염물질 분석으로 일반적인 분리막 세정조건만으로는 제거되지 않는 오염물을 확인하여 추가적인 세정조건에 검토가 필요하다.

Water reuse is attracting plan to utilize limited water resources. Sewage treatment water reuse is gradually increasing with the use of sewage effluent which is constant and stable throughout the year. Among them, membrane process has attracted attention because of stable water quality and site of facilities. However, there are a lot of applications to be verified so far. In this study, UF+RO system with 100 m3/day production capacity was used to verify the water quality applicability of reuse process of actual wastewater treatment effluent, and the rate of membrane contamination generation by UF pretreatment operation was evaluated. The UF process was used to confirm the stable removal of particulate matter and the removal of organic matter, color, ionic substances, and nutrients through the RO process. Injection of a small amount of 1.0 mg/L of coagulant into the pressurized UF and short contact time can slow the formation of membrane fouling. When using CEB, it is possible to keep the operation sustainable time longer by removing adsorbed material from the membrane pore. In addition, it is necessary to examine the cleaning condition by the wastewater treatment process not only the general separation membrane cleaning condition through the membrane surface analysis.

The problem of choosing the right product that will best fit the consumers’ tastes and preferences also extends even in electronic commerce. However, e-commerce was able to create a technological proxy for this social filtering process that is called online Recommender Systems (RS). RS act as personalized decision guides, aiding users in decisions on matters related to personal taste. It has the potential to support and improve the quality of the decisions consumers make when searching for and selecting products and services online. However, most previous research on RS has focused on the statistical accuracy of the algorithms driving the systems, with little emphasis on interface issues and the user’s perspective. This study identified transparency and feedback as some of the possible ways to effectively evaluate recommender systems based from the users’ perspective. Thus, the goal of this research wants to focus on examining and identifying the roles of transparency and feedback in recommender systems and how it affect the user’s attitude towards the system.

최근 숙박 플랫폼 스마트화 및 코로나바이러스 장기화로 인한 여행 수요 급증에 따라 고객 유지 및 글로벌 신규고객 창출은 숙박 플랫폼 기업 에게 중요한 과제이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 한·미 여행객을 대상으로 숙박 플랫폼 특성인 가격 민감성, 서비스품질, 상호작용성에 확장된 기 술수용모델(ETAM)을 적용하여 지각된 유용성과 용이성이 재이용의도에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 공유숙박 플랫폼 (Airbnb)이 아닌 그 외 숙박 플랫폼을 이용한 경험이 있는 한국과 미국의 20~60대 여행객을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 한국인 193부, 미국 인 154부로 총 347부의 수집한 데이터를 SPSS 29.0와 AMOS 26.0로 분석하였다. 연구의 결과로는 가격 민감성과 상호작용성은 지각된 유용성 에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 서비스 품질은 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. 가격 민감성, 서비스품질, 상호작용성은 지각된 용이성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여행객들의 지각된 용이성은 지각된 유용성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 지각된 유용성 및 용이성 모두 재이용의도에 유의한 정(+) 의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 서비스 품질이 지각된 유용성을 통해 재이용의도에 영향을 미치는 경로를 제외한 모든 경로에서 숙박 플랫폼 특성은 지각된 유용성과 용이성과 재이용의도간의 매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 한국과 미국 의 비교 연구 결과는 두 집단 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타난 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 글로벌 숙박 플랫폼 기업이 경쟁에서 성공하기 위한 핵심적인 지표로 활용될 수 있으며, 향후 연구 및 실무에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

With the recent smartization of accommodation platforms and the surge in travel demand due to the Covid-19, customer retention and seeking of new customers globally have become important challenges for accommodation platform companies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of perceived usefulness and ease of use on intention to reuse by applying the extended technology acceptance model (ETAM) to accommodation Platform attributes of price sensitivity, service quality, and interactivity on Korean and U.S travelers. This study conducted a survey of Koreans and Americans in their 20s to 60s who have used accommodation platforms including OTAs, Skyscanner, and Momondo other than Airbnb, collecting 347 questionnaires, 193 from Koreans and 154 from Americans, and analyzed the data using SPSS 29.0 and AMOS 26.0. The findings show that price sensitivity and interactivity have a significant positive effect on perceived usefulness, but service quality has no significant effect. Price sensitivity, service quality, and interactivity have a significant positive effect on perceived ease of use. The perceived ease of use of travelers has a positive impact on their perceived usefulness, and both perceived usefulness and ease of use have a significant positive effect on intention to reuse. The perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use mediate the relationship between accommodation platform attributes and intention to reuse in all paths except for the path where service quality affects intention to reuse through perceived usefulness. The results of the comparative study show that there is a 5% difference was found in the impact of price sensitivity on perceived ease of use between Korea and the U.S. These results can be utilized as key indicators for global accommodation platform companies to succeed in competition and are expected to contribute to future research and practice.

목적: 본 연구에서는 피부관리실 이용 고객의 피부관리사와의 커뮤니케이션이 고객만족 및 재이용 의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 통해 피부관리사와 고객과의 커뮤니케이션 향상을 위한 기초정보를 제시하고, 피부관리샵의 고객 유지 및 확보를 위한 경영 전략 및 피부관리사의 역량 강화 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 서울 및 경기 지역 소재 피부관리샵을 이용하는 고객을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집한 자료는 SPSS 25.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, One-way ANOVA(일원변량분석), t-test(검증), Regression(회귀분석)을 실시하였다. 결과: 첫째, 남자가 여자보다 피부관리사와의 커뮤니케이션과 고객만족, 재이용 의도가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 커뮤니케이션 중 신뢰적인 능력과 관계적인 능력, 행동적인 능력이 높을수록 고객만족이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 커뮤니케이션 중 신뢰적인 능력과 관계적인 능력, 행동적인 능력이 높을수록 재이용 의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 고객만족이 높을수록 재이용 의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 피부관리실 이용고객들이 피부관리사와의 커뮤니케이션이 높을수록 고객만족과 재이용 의도가 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구결과를 볼 때, 피부관리사와 고객의 커뮤니케이션을 향상시키기 위해서는 피부관리사를 위한 정기적인 연수 프로그램 개발 및 제공이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 피부관리 서비스품질 향상을 통해 고객 만족을 높이고, 피부관리샵의 재이용으로 연결되는 다양한 요인 중 피부관리사와 고객 간의 커뮤니케이션의 중요성을 실증적으로 규명하였다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between customer satisfaction and intention to reuse the service by investigating how communication between customers and estheticians at skin care centers influences satisfaction and reuse intention. In addition, this study aimed to provide basic information for improving communication between estheticians and customers and to explore ways to strengthen the competencies of estheticians. Methods: A survey was conducted on customers visiting skin care centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25.0, including frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, t-tests, and regression analysis. Results: The results showed that male customers were more likely than female customers to actively communicate with estheticians, report higher customer satisfaction, and demonstrate stronger intentions to reuse the service. In addition, higher levels of trustworthiness, relational competence, and behavioral competence in communication were positively associated with customer satisfaction and reuse intentions. Furthermore, higher customer satisfaction was significantly associated with stronger reuse intentions. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that effective communication between estheticians and customers enhances customer satisfaction and increases customers’ intention to reuse skin care centers. These findings suggest that regular communication training programs for estheticians should be developed and implemented to improve communication between estheticians and customers.

目的: 本研究旨在探讨皮肤护理中心顾客与美容师之间的沟通如何影响顾客满意度和再利用意愿，并分析顾客满 意度与再利用意愿之间的关系。此外，本研究还旨在为改善美容师与顾客之间的沟通提供基础资料，并探索提 升美容师专业能力的途径。方法: 以首尔市及京畿道地区皮肤护理中心的顾客为研究对象进行问卷调查。采用社 会科学统计软件(SPSS)25.0对收集的数据进行分析，包括频数分析、单因素方差分析、t 检验及回归分析。结果: 研究结果显示，男性顾客较女性顾客更积极地与美容师进行沟通，其顾客满意度和再利用意愿也更高。此外， 沟通中的可信度、关系能力和行为能力越高，顾客满意度和再利用意愿也越高。进一步分析发现，顾客满意度 越高，其再利用意愿越强。结论: 本研究证实，美容师与顾客之间有效的沟通能够提高顾客满意度，并增强顾客 再次利用皮肤护理中心服务的意愿。因此，有必要开发并实施针对美容师的定期沟通培训项目，以促进美容师 与顾客之间的有效沟通。

This paper is an empirical study especially to understand recent Chinese internet banking users" behavior and intentions through the process quality, outcome quality, customer satisfaction, reuse and word of mouth on internet banking service. The results of this study are as follows. First, percieved process quality of internet banking service affects the outcome quality, and both quality have a direct relation to customer satisfaction. It is found that Chinese internet users perceive a difference between process quality and outcome quality of internet banking service. And the reuse of the internet banking is decided by customer satisfaction as well as the word of mouth of the internet banking. For successful internet banking business in China, internet marketers should recognize thatthe service quality consists of the process quality and the outcome quality, and they should organize a new campaign that takes this information into consideration. And considering the process quality effect, they should pay attention to service process as well as the direct merit of services.. And if an internet banking service properly meets customer demands, internet users would constantly use internet services and would share good experiences with their neighbors. Therefore the result of our study will be of working-level help for financial company in China.

The sharing economy refers a type of economic transaction where the products once produced and sold are exchanged, shard, and leased commercially, and leading the change of paradigm in consumer culture by environment protection and resource recycling. The most of previous studies on sharing economy were mainly conceptual or case ones, and in empirical studies, most were on measurement of efficacy and effect of sharing economical service. The purpose of this study was, focusing on car sharing, a rapidly growing industry in sharing economy, to investigate the characteristics of mobile payment that is widely used in using car sharing, and perceived risks by users, and determined the effects of these characteristics on emotional feeling and reuse intention of users. This study also was to provide practical implications to car sharing companies based on the results of this study.