Earticle

소유자불명토지 문제의 배경에는 경제성장의 둔화와 인구감소 사 회의 도래라고 하는 근본적이고 구조적인 문제가 있다. 저출산 등으로 인한 인구감소 시대의 도래, 고령화의 진전, 도시로의 인구이동, 경제성장 둔화 등의 영향으로 인구과소지역에서는 토지소유의 식이 약화되고 토지이용에 대한 수요가 감소하여 토지가 방치되는 등 부동산의 무가치화 현상이 나타난다. 또한 상속미등기 등의 문 제로 소유자불명토지가 발생할 개연성이 농후하여 사회문제화 될 수 있다. 일본의 경우에도 과거에는 소유자불명토지가 사회적 문제로 인식 되지 않았지만, 2011년 동일본대지진 이후 재해복구사업을 추진하 는 과정에서 소유자불명토지로 인한 사업이 지연되는 등 차질을 빚 게 되면서 사회적 문제로 대두되었다. 일본에서의 소유자불명토지 문제에 대한 법적 대응은 그 발생의 예방, 원활하고 적정한 활용과 관리 측면에서 검토되었다. 구체적으로는 다음과 같이 나누어 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 소유자불명토지의 관리와 원활하고 적정한 활용과 관련된 측면이다. 이와 관련하여 소유자불명토지에 대한 공적 취득 을 가능하게 하는 민법상 부재자재산관리제도, 수용제도, 빈집에 대 한 약식대집행제도 등이 검토되었다. 둘째, 소유자불명토지의 발생 예방과 관련된 측면이다. 이와 관련하여 소유자불명토지 발생의 큰 요인으로 지목되고 있는 상속미등기문제에 대한 대응책의 마련이 검토되었다. 또한 현실적으로 관리자는 있지만 소유 관계가 불명확 해진 경우에 현실의 관리자, 이용하고자 하는 자 등에게 권리관계 를 어떻게 집약할 수 있을 것인가도 중요한 문제로 검토되었다. 이 와 관련하여 소유권 포기의 가능 여부와 제도화가 문제되었다. 이와 같은 소유자불명토지 문제에 대한 법적 대응에 대한 논의는 결과적으로 민법과 부동산등기법의 개정, 소유자불명토지법의 제‧개 정, 상속토지국가귀속법의 제정으로 이어진다. 이러한 일본에서의 소유자불명토지 문제에 대한 종합적이고 체계적인 법적 대응은 향 후 이와 관련한 우리 법제 정비에 있어서 많은 시사가 될 것으로 본다. 소유자불명토지 문제에 대응하기 위해서는 소유권 제한과 같은 토지 관련 법제에 대한 패러다임의 상대화가 요구된다. 그러나 한 편으로는 사적 자치나 재산권 존중의 가치도 고려해야 하는 근본적 인 문제가 내재되어 있기도 하다.

In the background of the problem of unknown landowners, there is a fundamental and structural problem of slowing economic growth and the arrival of a declining society. Due to the effects of population decline and aging, population movement to cities, and economic growth deterioration due to low fertility, the weakening of land ownership consciousness and the decrease in demand for land use in underpopulated areas lead to the increase of neglected land, resulting in the valuelessness of real estate. In addition, there is a high probability that unidentified land will be generated due to problems such as unregistered inheritance, and it can become a social problem. In the case of Japan, unknown landowners were not recognized as a social problem in the past, but in the process of disaster recovery after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, it became a big social problem due to delays in business due to unknown landowners. The legal response to the problem of unknown landowners in Japan was examined in terms of prevention, utilization and management of the occurrence, and it can be divided as follows: First, it is related to the management, utilization and utilization of unknown landowners. In this regard, there were problems such as the absentee property management system, the expropriation system, and the summary execution system for vacant houses, which enable public acquisition of unknown land, Second, it is related to the prevention of the occurrence of unknown land. In this regard, it has become a problem to prepare countermeasures against the problem of unregistered inheritance, which is considered to be a major factor in the occurrence of unknown land owners. In addition, when there is a manager in reality but the ownership relationship becomes unclear, how to integrate the rights relationship with the manager of reality, the person who intends to manage or use is also considered as an important issue. In this regard, the possibility of renunciation of ownership and institutionalization became a problem. This comprehensive and systematic legal response to the problem of unknown landowners in Japan will be a great deal of suggestions for the future legal reform of our legal system.

The purpose of this study is to figure out the characteristics of the rural centers change appearing due to population decreases in Jeollanam-do. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, it was identified that rapid population decreases and aging have progressed together centering on myeon areas. The rates of population decreases in myeon areas were at least six times higher than those of eup areas and the rates of average ages changes were also shown to be higher in myeon areas than in eup areas. Second, the central place functions of myeon areas have been weakened very much while the central place functions of eup areas have been strengthened. Third, some differences in changes in the functions of the rural centers appeared according to regional characteristics. The center functions of surrounding areas of large cities and small cities tended to be strengthened or maintained and the phenomenon of declines or stagnation of center functions could be more frequently observed in island and rural areas farther from urban areas. Fourth, the functions of center related to expertism & technology, which are higher central industries and the basic living services for residents were bring weakened. It could be seen that following the population decreases, the spatial structures of rural areas were changing in much different ways from the past. In the long run, it is expected that the hierarchical structure will be simplified and converge into one or two center forms. Therefore, it is necessary to seek the development direction of rural areas to establish bases for the provision of living services such as welfare, culture, and various convenience functions in line with such changes.

The purpose of this study is like the following. First, through preceding example analysis, understand the contents of urban planning for shrinking cities following decrease in population. Second, among the contents above, deduct the possibility of application to small and medium size cities in Jeollanam-do. Third, by applying this, verify the usefulness of urban planning for shrinking cities. The first research examples of the purpose of the study are the 3 countries of EU, the US and Japan and 1 city each of provincial cities of each of the countries. The third research examples of the purpose of the study are 18 cities to which New Urbanism of the US is applied and 18 small and medium size cities in Jeollanam-do Korea. The background of this study is like the following. The most small and medium size cities in Jeollanam-do shows continuous decrease in population. Nevertheless, these cities' governments are establishing urban planning of expansion of target population and land use. The result of this study is like the following. I could know that Compact City theory and New Urbanism theory of preceding countries can be applied to small and medium size cities in Jeollanam-do through the result of analysis on their application examples. Especially, it could be applied usefully to reorganization of urban spacial structure of small and medium size cities in Jeollanam-do

본 연구는 인구축소 시대에 거점지역과 주변지역을 연계하여 경쟁력을 강화하기 위한 기틀로서 권역별 중심지의 분포와 형성을 파악하고, 지역간 통행량에 기초하여 연계권역을 설정하였다. 지역별 중심지는 기존의 행정 단위에서 정의된 체계 및 위상과 다를 수 있으며, 중심도시와 주변배후지의 연계는 다양한 사회적 편익‧가치를 지니고 지방중소도시가 살아남기 위한 도시간 공유재로서 의미를 지닐뿐만 아니라, 중심도시는 주변 배후지역의 삶의 질과도 연계될 수 있다. 따라서 축소지역 관리전략 마련을 위해 현재 지역의 주요 시설들이 실제 생활권역별로 어떻게 분포하며, 지역의 중심지로서 역할을 수행하기 위한 충분한 중심성을 유지하고 있는지 살펴보는데 본 연구의 주요 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전국을 대상으로 POI 빅데이터를 활용하여 향후 지역간 연계발전을 위한 현재의 중심지 구조 파악을 하였다. 포인트 단위의 국가관심지점정보를 시군구 및 읍면동 단위로 통합하여 중심지 기능지수를 산출하였으며, 이는 시설 데이터의 특성에 근거하였으므로 여타 통행 OD를 기반으로 네트워크 분석을 이용하여 산출하는 중심성에 근거한 연구들과는 구별된다. 중심지 기능지수 분석 결과, 전 산업의 경우 수도권과 중심지를 중심으로 중심지 기능지수가 0.3인 지역들이 분포하고 있으며, 지방의 주요 거점도시들은 대부분 0.3-0.5사이인 것으로 나타났다. 제조업분야의 경우는 제주시를 제외하면 경부축에 위치하고 있는 수도권과 50만 이상 지방거점도시들이 0.5 이상을 기록하고 있다. 서비스업의 경우 제조업에 비해 수도권과 광역시, 인구 50만 이상 도시에 더욱 집중된 패턴을 보이며, 여가문화 시설의 경우 수도권의 관광 및 상업이 발달한 지역과 제주시, 전주시 등의 문화관광 중심도시들이 0.5 이상의 집중도를 보인다. 권역설정은 중심지 기능지수 0.3 이상의 중심지가 1개 이상 포함되도록 권역구분의 차수를 비교‧분석한 결과 32개 권역구분이 가장 적절하며, 약간의 조정을 거쳐 38개 권역으로 설정하였다. 38개 권역의 중심도시들은 대부분 시 지역이거나 5만 이상의 인구가 거주하고 있는 비교적 규모가 큰 군지역들로서 중심도시와 주변지역간에 1시간 이내에 접근이 가능한 지역들이다. 이와 같이 전국을 대상으로 국가관심지점정보와 OD 교통량 데이터에 근거하여 지역구조 분석을 시행하였으며, 향후 인구감소에 따른 산업부문별 시설의 적정수요, 지역간 연계를 위한 중심지내 시설의 공유 등을 판단하는 근거자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 세분류별 시설 중심성을 마이크로한 단위로 구분하여 향후 쇠퇴지역의 대안 논의를 위한 기초자료로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

There are increasing concerns of population decrease in South Korea because it brings loss of jobs, economic activity and quality of life as consequences. As one of the ways to sustain regions from population shrinkage, inter-regional linkage strategies have been proposed by sharing public facilities and services with neighboring cities. In this respect, this study aims to propose a linkage region that can support the region from population decline through interregional linkage. The analysis consists of three parts. First, we examine the centrality of facilities in all industrial sectors over the nation using the national point of interest (POI) provided from National Geographic Information Instiute (NGII) as of 2017. POI data is aggregated into the municipal unit to draw the most effective policy implications. Second, we perform divide-and-conquer analysis in order to subdivide multiple connected regions on the basis of the OD type of transportation data. Third, clusters of high and low values of centrality index in each region are calculated using Local Geary's cluster analysis method. The results show that the centrality of central cities in local regions ranges from 0.3 to 0.5, but when it is calculated it per population, some of the declining regions are highly centrally located. Service sector is more concentrated to metropolitan areas while leasure and culture related sectors are disseminated to shrinking or underdeveloped regions. Also, we derive 38 connected regions that seem to be most appropriate to sustain regional prosperity by providing necessary public and private services for people's living.

The decrease in population of school age is one of major influencing factor of transformative educational environment. After the nineteen eighties, the population of South Korea has increased step by step, but the population of school age has been decreasing rapidly by low birth rate. As a result, closed school by merger and abolition of small school occurred all over the country. The closed school needed effective function as center of local community. Consequently the purpose of this study is to provide basic data for effective policy making of closed school by comparative analysis of educational environment such as number of students, schools, students per class, status of usage of closed school of the east area and the west area divided by The Tae Baek Mountains in the Gangwon-do, which has the least students in the nationwide. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) Gangwon-do has high decreasing rate of population, schools and students compared with other provinces. However it has significantly low number of students per class. 2) The number of students, schools of the west area in Gangwon-do outnumbers that of the east area. However the number of students per class of the east area in Gangwon-do lesser than that of the west area.

School facility, as a center of neighborhood unit, has high potential of being developed into a community facility of local community besides its original education use. In order to solve the lack of community facilities, it would activate local community that interlinking school facility and other community facilities in a reasonable and economic way. To be specific, existing facilities of school could be a useful center of facilitating local community. In regard of reality including physical level and program limit, it can ce more efficient that education facilities of one school facility is connected to facilities of other school or local community facilities rather than individual facilities simply improved its own physical condition. The purpose of this study is to have a guideline for mixed-use between school facilities and the community facilities as one of the suggestions to satisfy the needs of the society and to overcome the limitations of the supply of regional facilities.

한반도의 전장환경은 주변국의 정치상황, 4차 산업혁명에 따라 무기체계의 발전으로 매우 급변하고 있다. 또한 인구 의 감소로 군 인력 모집이 급감하는데 영향을 주어 군 구조를 개편하지 않을 수가 없게 되었다. 최근 5년간 모집 인원이 1만 명이 부족하다는 기사들이 나오는 시점에서 이번 연구는 매우 의미 있는 연구라고 할 수 있다. 또한 대학도 학령인 구의 감소로 인해 신입생 모집의 급락하고 있고, 협약대학들도 이 문제에 대해 매우 심각하게 대응하고 있다. 인력감소 의 환경 속에서 소요군인 군은 우수한 부사관 확보를 위해서 노력해야 하며, 협약대학들은 우수한 부사관을 양성해야 한다. 이 문제의 극복 방법으로 문헌 연구한 결과들을 바탕으로 해결 방안을 도출하여 해군과 해군 협약대학 모두가 활 성화 되는 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

The battlefield environment of the Korean peninsula is rapidly changing due to the advancement of the weapon system brought by the political situation of adjacent countries and the 4th industrial revolution. The reduction of population also caused a sharp drop in the recruitment of military personnel, making it unavoidable to reform the military structure. This meaningful study is timely with recent news reports on the shortage of recruitment by 10,000 persons in the last five years. Universities are also seeing a decrease in the number of new students due to the reduced school-age population, and affiliated universities are responding to this issue with great seriousness. With a reduction in manpower, requirement-handling military units need to step up their efforts to secure competent noncommissioned officers while affiliated universities must also train capable noncommissioned officers. As a solution to the matter at hand, this study aims to suggest a method that may vitalize both the navy and the navy-affiliated universities based on the results of literature research.

본 연구는 대학이 지역사회에 미치는 파급력과 지방대학의 절대적 위험요소인 학령인구 감소에 착안하여 대학 정원 감축이 본격화되는 시점에서 진행되었다. 지방대학 주변 원룸 공급자 관점에 입각하여 향후 10년 간 진행 될 지방대학 정원 감소 비율을 예측하고 원룸 공실률에 추가 반영하였다. 대학가 주변 원룸 사업성 진단은 연도별 추정된 원룸 영업 수 지를 바탕으로 순현재가치(NPV)와 내부수익률(IRR)을 산출 후 기존에 보장되었던 수익률 과 비교분석을 병행하였고, 결과에 따른 대응방안을 제시하였다. 대학과의 거리 차이에 따라 표본 원룸 3곳 선정 후 수익률 분석 결과, 자기자본 투입 비율이 낮을수록, 대학과의 거리가 멀수록 공실률 증가에 따른 재무건전성이 악화되었다. 또한 대학 정원 감소에 기인한 대학가 주변 원룸 수요 하락과 공급 초과 현상은 적정 수준 에서 일치되므로 경쟁력이 약한 원룸은 임대사업으로서의 투자 타당성을 확보하지 못하였 고 시장 원리에 따라 도태될 위기에 직면하였다. 따라서 지역사회와 대학 간 산학연계를 활용한 상생방안을 논의와 별개로 세부적 접근 을 통해 지역사회 경제 주체 중 하나인 대학가 주변 원룸 공급자의 위험 요인을 환기시키 고 사회적 혼란 이전에 용도변경을 통한 사업 전환의 필요성을 확인하였다.

This study was carried out at the point when college quota reduction began in earnest by focusing on the impact of universities on the local community and the reduction of the student-age population, an absolute risk factor for local universities. Based on the perspective of studio providers around local universities, the percentage of local university quota reductions that will take place over the next 10 years was predicted and further reflected in the studio vacancy rate. The diagnosis of one-room business feasibility around colleges was conducted after net present value(NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) that were calculated based on the estimated one-room operating income for each year, and then a comparative analysis was carried out with the previously guaranteed rate of return. Finally, a countermeasure according to the results was presented. According to the difference in distance from the university, after selecting 3 sample studios and analyzing the returns, the lower the capital input ratio and the farther away from the university, the worse the financial soundness due to the increase in the vacancy rate. In addition, the decline in demand for one-rooms around the university district due to the decrease in the number of colleges and excess supply of the one-rooms around the university are consistent at an appropriate level, so one-rooms with weak competitiveness have not secured the feasibility of investment as a rental business ,and faced a crisis of being eliminated according to market principles. Therefore, a detailed approach was made to awaken the risk factors of the one-room supplier around the university through a detailed approach to the win-win plan using industry-academia linkages between local communities and universities. Also, before social chaos, the necessity of business conversion through alteration of the purpose of use was confirmed and recommended.

본 연구는 저출산 현상으로 인한 학령인구감소에 따른 한국무용 교육 방향을 탐색하였다. 위와 같은 목적을 달성 하기 위하여 A예술 고등학교에서 10년 이상 한국무용 전임교사로 재직 중인 교사1명을 연구대상자로 하여 단일 사례로 선정하고 심층적으로 면담을 진행하여 도출한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 계속되는 저출산 현상으로 인해 학령인구의 감소현상에 따라 한국무용의 인구 감소가 나타나고 실용무용의 상승세 또한 한국무용의 입지를 약하게 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 발레교육전문브랜드의 활약으로 사교육의 하나로 완전히 자리 잡은 발레는 그 인 구가 점점 증가함을 알 수 있었는데 이는 유아한국무용의 기반 구축이 필요함을 시사했다. 연구 참여자는 유아한 국무용 브랜드 구축을 제시하였는데 유아기의 한국무용을 쉽게 접할 수 있다면 한국무용을 중심으로 발전해 나가 면서 한국무용 교육의 긍정적인 변화를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 둘째, 연구 참여자는 앞으로의 한국무용 교육이 무용의 장르에만 국한되지 않고 한국문화와의 다양한 접목과 융합을 통해 발전시켜야 함을 시사했다. 다양 한 분야와의 협업을 꾸준히 이어 나간다면, 하나의 전공에서 얻을 수 없던 확장된 의미와 교육의 다양성과 중요성 이 나타날 것이다. 이러한 노력들이 장기화된다면 무용직업의 창출 부분에서도 큰 기여를 할 것이다.

In this research, we examine the direction of Korean traditional dance education in the educational environment whereby academic age population is decreasing constantly due to low birthrate problems. As such, we conducted in-depth interviews to one Korean traditional dance teacher who has been working as a teacher for more than 10 years in A Art High School. The results are as follows. First, continuous low birthrate is causing the decrease in academic age population as well as Korean traditional dance population, hampering and weakening the improvement of practical dance and the position of Korean traditional dance. Also, considering the fact that ballet has established its position as a field of private education, prompted by the promotion by professional brands specialized in ballet education, it is important to establish the foundation of Korean traditional dance for preschoolers. The authors suggest establishment of a brand specialized in Korean traditional dance for early childhood. If preschoolers are able to experience Korean traditional dance since their childhood, it would be conducive to the development of Korean traditional dance by bringing positive changes to the Korean traditional dance education. Second, the authors indicate that Korean traditional dance education should be integrated with other fields of Korean culture instead of restricting itself to dance. Collaborations with other fields would demonstrate extended significance and the importance of educational diversity. These efforts will greately contribute to the creation of jobs related to Korean traditional dance.

Older people, because of the psychological and physiological changes related to the aging process are more vulnerable to experiencing powerlessness than any other age group. This self destructive cycle of depression in older people related to the experience of continued and long term powerlessness can lead even to death. The purpose of this study was to measure powerlessness and resources to increase power in older people, and to measure the effectiveness of a psychological rehabilitation program for reducing powerlessness. The research methodology used was a two step process. In the first step, a survey was done of perceived powerlessness and power resources comparing four groups of elderly people ; those living at home, those in hospital, those living in nursing homes and those attending educational programs for the elderly. The total sample size was 236. In the second step, a psychological rehabilitation program was carried out, pre and post measurements were taken related to this program. The sample consisted of 29 residents in a nursing home. The results of the study are as follows : 1. Powerlessness was classified as cognitive, emotional, activity and learning. The lowest score for powerlessness was in the area of activity, that is the people in the sample felt more power concerning their activities. The highest score was in the area of cognition where they felt they had less power. 2. When the different groups of elderly were compared, it was found that the residents of the nursing home had the highest score on perceived powerlessness and the group who were living at home had the lowest score. 3. Among the general characteristics, the factors influencing the powerlessness score were age, sex, level of education, financial resources and health status. In the interaction effects among these factors, it was found that level of education and health status were factors influencing perceived powerlessness. The elderly with lower education and poorer health status had the higher scores for perceived powerlessness. 4. The power resources could be classified into the following areas : physical strength, emotional strength, positive self-image, energy, knowledge, motivation and belief system. Belief system was given the highest score among the power resources and energy, knowledge and motivation were given low scores. 5. The group participating in an educational program for the elderly had the highest score for power resources while the group made up of residents of a nursing home had the lowest score as well as the highest score for perceived powerlessness. 6. The factors influencing the power resource scores were sex, level of education, financial resources and health status. In the analysis of the interaction effect among the factors, it was found that sex, level of education and financial resources were the factors that influenced the power resource score, that is, women, those with a low level of education and those with poor financial resources reported a lower level of power resources. 7. There was a negative correlation between perceived powerlessness and power resources in the elderly in this study. Since power resources explainded 49% of the variance for powerlessness, it can be concluded that the power resources can be used to reduce powerlessness. 8. The psychological rehabilitation program was carried out with the nursing home residents over a period of five weeks. No statistically significant difference was found in the scores on powerlessness between the pre and post tests, but there was a slight decrease in the raw scores on the post test for emotional, activity and learning powerlessness. There was a statistically significant increase in the power resource scores for emotional strength, positive self-image, energy, knowledge and motivation in the post test as compared to the pre test. In conclusion, the study indicates that a psychological rehabilitation program for the elderly could be effective in increasing po

정부 정책과 시장 간 제휴에 의해 가해지는 다양한 압력으로 말미암아 문예창작학을 포함한 인문예술 일반의 위축 내지는 소멸의 위기가 초래되고 있다. 여기에 학령인구 감소라는 문제가 더해지고 있는 것이 작금의 현실이다. 본 논문은 광주대학교 문예창작과의 사례를 소개하여 이러한 상황에 대한 문제의식을 공유하고 대응하기 위한 하나의 방법을 제시하고자 했다. 그 핵심은 문예창작학의 방법론을 웹소설과 장르문학, 미디어리터러시 교육에 적용하는 것이다. 이는 학과 자체에 새로운 활로를 모색하는 한편으로 교양교육으로의 확장을 도모할 수 있는 방편이 된다. 이를 통해 정부와 시장을 통해 지속적으로 주어지고 있는 제도적·사회적 압력을 문예창작학이 적극적으로 전유할 수 있는 구체적인 사례 및 방안을 제시하고 학생들에게 어떤 교육적 효과를 가져올 수 있는가에 대해 논의했다. 이를 전유의 문예창작학으로 명명하고자 한다. 전유의 문예창작학을 통해 문예창작학이 학생들에게 제시할 수 있는 전망과 가능성은 여전히 많다. 이 사실을 각계각층에 알리고 부단히 설득해가야 할 필요성이 있다.

It has already been a long time since various pressures have been applied by government policies and markets over the creative writing. As a result, there was a crisis of contraction or extinction of the general humanities and arts, including the creative writing. The current reality is that the problem of a decrease in the school-age population is adding to this crisis This paper introduced the case of Gwangju University’s the Department of creative writing to present a method for sharing and responding to this situation. The core is to apply the methodology of the creative writing to web novels, genre literature, and media literacy education. This is a way to expand to liberal arts education while seeking a new path in the department itself. Through this, it was intended to present specific cases and measures that literature and creative science can actively monopolize the institutional and social pressure continuously given through the government and the market. In addition, we discussed what educational effects can be brought to students. I would like to name this as the appropriation of creative writing. There are still many prospects and possibilities that creative writing can present to students through the appropriation of creative writing. There is a need to inform all walks of life and constantly persuade them.

본 연구에서는 대전시민을 대상으로 향후 대전시 인구전망에 대한 인식을 조사하고, 현재 거주환경에 대한 만족도와 연계하여 인구 영향요인을 도출하였다. 연구를 통해 도출된 주요 내용을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대전시민 설문대상자 중 대다수(83.1%)가 향후 대전시 인구감소 또는 정체 패턴이 지속될 것으로 전망하였다. 둘째, 인구전망 그룹간 현 거주환경에 대한 만족도를 조사한 결과, 전 항목에 걸쳐 인구증가 전망자의 만족도가 인구감소 전망자 보다 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 9개 생활환경 만족도 중 주거환경과 교통환경 만족도가 향후 인구전망을 인식하도록 하는 주요 영향요인으로 작용하였다. 향후 대전시 인구전망에 대한 인식 그룹 간에 현 생활환경 만족도에 차이가 있음은 현재의 도시환경에 대한 거주자들의 인식이 향후 잠재적 이동(유출)요인으로 작용할 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 특정 부문에 대한 만족도가 인구전망의 영향요인으로 작용함은 이러한 잠재적 인구유출 요인을 효과적으로 저감할 수 있는 방안과 연계 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 인구대응전략이 우리나라 대부분의 도시에서 마련해야 할 필수과제라는 점에서, 앞으로는 시민들의 인식을 적극적으로 조사하고 정책과 연계하는 노력이 필요하며, 이를 뒷받침하는 다양한 측면의 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to derive the cognitive characteristics and influencing factors on future population forecast of Daejeon city. In order to accomplish this purpose efficiently, we surveyed the perception of the population change of Daejeon citizens and their satisfaction with the living environment. The results are followed. Firstly, of the 710 respondents, 48.7% (345) of Daejeon residents surveyed thought that the demographic decline of Daejeon city would be stagnant and 34.7% (247) of them expected to remain stagnant. Secondly as a result of analyzing the difference of population forecast according to personal characteristics, the decrease rate of prospects is higher in women than in men, and those in their 40s or older are higher than those in their 20s and 30s. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the satisfaction of the current residential environment among the population forecasting groups, the satisfaction rate of the population growth outlook group is higher than that of the population decrease outlook group. Lastly, it was analyzed that among the 9 living environment satisfaction factors, the satisfaction of residential environment and the traffic environment were the main influencing factors for the future population perception.

The change of population structure is one of the fundamental elements that stipulates the basic frames of politics, economy and society in a certain nation. One cannot establish the reasonable policies of political system, industrial structure, housing problems and social security without the understanding of population situations in a given nation. It is necessary to have a sound and dynamic population structure to maintain the nation’s growth momentum. When the population steadily decreases and the aging of population accelerates, the production and the consumption shrink, and the growth potential diminishes due to the reduction of the economically active population. In addition, the overall economic burden of supporting the population is aggravated and the pressure on the fiscal deficit gets serious due to increased social welfare spending. Given this statement, facing the situations of the population decline in full swing since 1992 and even the shrinking labor force since 2007, Russia regards the population problem as a crucial issue for the nation’s fate. The Soviet Union experienced the population decreases four times, they were temporary phenomena by political or military upheavals. After the population of Far East peaked at about 8 million in 1992 at a rapid speed with the result of emigration policy of the Soviet Union for the development of Far East that is rich in natural resources, the political and economic situation in Far East is estimated to have an unpredictable and negative change owing to the steady population decrease in Far East, such as Sakhalin and Vladivostok. Moreover, as population decrease and aging of population have carried long-term and structural aspects since 1992, they have caused economic and social problems in the regions. Sociologists warn that if the current imbalance in the level of immigration persists, the population of Far East in 2025 can be reduced to 4.7 million, the level of the Far East in 1959. Thus, in the thesis I investigate the population decrease in Sakhalin which is a main part of Far East. In Chapter II.2 I analyze the change of total population in Sakhalin from 1970 to 2009. The data on the gender ratio by year of Sakhalin are presented based on data from Регионы России (2008) and the social characteristics according to gender are examined in Chapter II.3. The gender ratios by age groups of Sakhalin are provided on the basis of the data of the Sakhalin State Statistics Bureau and their characteristic symptoms are described in Chapter II.4. Finally, in Chapter III I present the causes of the ongoing population decrease phenomena in Sakhalin and the effort of Russian government for the decrease. This population decline phenomenon in Sakhalin has a significant influence on the recent increasing expansion of Korean enterprises into Russia in order to secure natural resources and enter consuming markets as well as on the economy of Far East.

Korea is the most rapidly aging country in the OECD countries, becoming 'an aging society' in 2010, when over 12% of the population had reached the age 65 and beyond. Along with the population aging, problems of the elderly have become a social issue. Also, the elderly population in most farming villages is increasing due to the cityward concentration of younger generation and the rapid urbanization centered around the capital area. Yet no definite success in revitalization of these villages has been reported despite the acknowledgement of the problems arising from such phenomena. Therefore, by examining "marginal villages" (communities whose joint social activities are difficult to maintain as over 50% of the population is 65 years or older) in Japan, which at this point has entered "the ultra-aged society" before Korea, this study intends to compare and analyze the countermeasure plans for the population decrease in these villages. The case study has been done with the focus on the literary references published in Japan such as papers, various reports, statistics, newspapers, and journals.

급격한 인구감소로 인해 우리나라 상당수의 중소도시들은 지역경제 침체와 같은 심각한 문제에 직면해 있다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하고자 우리나라 중소도시들은 다양한 대안들을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 익산시 사례를 통해서 인구감소로 인해 중소도시들이 겪고 있는 문제점들이 무엇인가를 살펴보고, 시스템 다이내믹스 시뮬레이션 방법을 통해서 익산시가 제시하는 “50만 행복도시 건설” 계획이 현실적으로 타당한가를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 익산시의 인구감소 요인으로는 출생률 감소와 인구이동이 주된 요인이었다. 특히 대형할인마트로 인한 영세 상인의 전출, 개별사업자들의 이주현상, 관내 중소기업의 이전 또는 감소, 그리고 열악한 교육환경 등이 익산시 인구감소 요인으로 나타났다. 반면에 정부예산지원정책 부응시스템 개선과 함께 위의 요인들을 개선․발전시켜 나간다면 익산시의 인구감소는 어느 정도 억제할 수 있을 것으로 예측되었다. 한편 익산시가 제시하는 “50만 행복도시 건설” 계획 중에서 “행정중심복합도시 건설을 통한 혁신도시의 배후 거점도시”와 “새만금 사업 배후 거점도시” 변수는 익산시 인구증가 또는 인구감소를 둔화 시키는데 있어 중요한 요인으로 작용하지 못했다. 반면, “KTX정차역 역세권 개발”과 “식품클러스터 사업”은 계획이 전반적으로 잘 진행될 경우, 특히 식품클러스터 사업은 익산시 사업체 수의 변화에 직접적으로 영향을 줌으로써 익산시의 인구감소를 둔화시키는데 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

Most small and medium-sized cities in South Korea have been recently facing many serious problems such as stagnation of business activities due to a radical population decrease. Therefore, most cities have created diverse alternatives in order to respond to the cities' changing needs. Regarding these concerns, the main purpose of this paper is to examine what kind of problems most cities are suffering due to population decrease by looking at a case of Iksan City. Additionally, using system dynamics simulation this paper attempts to analyze whether "Happy City Building Project for five hundred thousand citizens" initiatived by Iksan City is feasible. The system dynamics simulation allows us to see several outcomes. First, the main factors for decreasing population in Iksan City are a decreasing birth rate and the immigrating citizens to different places. Especially, there are specific factors influencing citizens' immigration: 1) movement and closing of small businesses due to large-sized discount stores such as Lotte Mart; 2) immigration of individual proprietors; 3) immigration and reduction of small-sized businesses; and 4) poor education environment. According to results of system dynamics simulation, if Iksan City attempts to improve the factors (i.e., business environment, education system and others, including improvement of government budget support system), the rate of immigration will be decreased. Two factors seen in other projects (i.e., Sejong City project and Saemangeum project on the southwestern coast) do not influence either increasing or decreasing numbers in the population of Iksan City. Rather, the food cluster and the KTX project might influence either reducing or increasing the population of Iksan City. Additionally, the food cluster initiative might impact the local business environment.

인구감소로 인한 시설 및 서비스 질 저하와 지역 환경의 악화는 다시 인구유출을 야기할 수 있으므로, 도시계획적 측면에서도 인구감소에 대한 대응이 필요하다. 인구감소지역은 인구감소에 의한 세수감소로 효율적인 재정운영이 더욱 중요하다. 본 연구는 인구감소지역을 대상으로 연령별 인구변화를 정태·동태 현상에서 종합적으로분석하고, 인구변화 유형별 문제점과 대응정책을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 군집분석을 통해 인구감소지역을 유형화하고, 실제 사례조사를 통해 대응정책을 분석함으로써 상황이 비슷한 다른 지역의 정책 수립에 방향을 제시하는데 궁극적인 목적을 가진다. 유형화 결과, 5개 유형으로 분류되었고, 인구감소지역에서도 연령별 변화가 상당히 이질적으로 나타남을 보여준다. 유형별 사례지역을 선정하여 인구변화에 수반되어 나타나는 문제점을 분석하였고, 지역의 실태 및 대응에 대한 직접적인 이해를 얻고자 현장조사를 수행하였다. 본 연구는 지자체별 객관적인 분석을바탕으로 인구변화의 특성을 보다 정확하게 파악하여 인구 대응정책에 반영하고, 예산, 조례, 관련 사업 등에 대한재검토를 통해 대응방안 마련이 필요하다는 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.

Abandoned facility, service quality degradation and regional environment deterioration due to population decrease, which may bring negative influence on population outflow, require active response in the aspect of urban planning. In population declining regions, the efficient financial administration is more important because of the declining tax revenue which is the result of population decrease. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the demographic changes in the static and dynamic phenomena and to analyze the problems and the response policies by the demographic change types. The ultimate purpose of this study is to provide a direction for the policies of the other regions with similar situation by analyzing demographic changes through a cluster analysis and the response policy through the case study. As a result of the cluster analysis, the regions are classified into five types and the change by age is quite different in regions with declining population. Based on the classification, this study selected three case regions and analyzed the conditions of problems that entail population change. This research conducted on-site surveys to gain direct understanding of the regions’ conditions and measures. This study suggests the policy implication that it needs to more precisely identify the characteristics of demographic changes based on objective analyses by local governments, to reflect on population response policies and to prepare countermeasures through reviews of budget, ordinance and related projects.

인구 감소 사회에 진입한 일본에서는 중앙정부뿐만 아니라 지방자치단체도 인구 감소에 대응하기 위하여 노력하고 있다. 자치단체의 노력이 결실을 맺고 있는 사례를 고찰하여 유사한 문제를 안고 있는 한국의 지방자치단체가 관련 정책을 실시하는데 고려해야 할 사항을 제시하였다. 첫째, 지방자치단체는 정책 초점을 출생률 향상에만 두는 행태에서 벗어날 필요가 있다. 둘째, 아이 키우기와 관련하여 다양한 정책을 지역에 맞게 고민하고 실시하려는 노력이 필요하다. 셋째, 해당 지역이 매력적인 주거지가 될 수 있도록 종합 대책을 마련해야 한다. 넷째, 행정개혁과 시민협력을 통해 지속 가능한 거버넌스를 구축하는 것이 필요하다.

Local governments have been implementing various policies for managing the population decrease in the Japan. This thesis suggests the policy implications for Korean local government to research case study which has showed the positive effects in the Japanese local government. Firstly it is necessary to get out of the perception that birth rate is the most critical point to manage the population problem. Secondly it is important for local government to think and implement various policies on growing up baby and children. Thirdly the local governor decides and does the comprehensive policy that makes the city be attractive. Finally it is important to construct new governance that allows the coordination of citizen with local government and implements an effective administration for increasing the satisfactions of citizen.

최근 ‘인구감소’가 지역발전정책의 주요 키워드가 되고 있으며, 사회‧경제 전반에 걸쳐 인구감소 진전이 전제가 되어 논의가 이루어지고 있다. 인구가 감소하는 상황, 또는 머지않아 인구가 감소할 것으로 예상되는 상황에서 지역을 어떻게 바라볼 것인지를 이야기하는 것은 중요하면서도 어려운 과제이다. 인구감소를 극복하고 성장을 지속하기 위해서는 인구감소 시대에 맞는 지역의 장래상과 그에 따르는 추진전략이 마련되어야 한다. 인구의 변화는 상당히 서서히 그러면서도 지속적으로 이루어진다. 정책의 방향성을 설정하고 모니터링과 함께 체계적이고 단계적으로 추진해 나아가는 것이 중요하다. 본고에서는 이미 인구감소 사회에 들어가 있는 일본은 인구감소를 어떻게 인식하여 왔으며 어떻게 대응하여 가고 있는지에 대하여 살펴본다. 즉, ‘인구감소 시대의 지역발전’이라는 시점을 가지고 일본의 지역발전정책의 전개과정과 방향성을 분석하여 적절한 시사점을 얻고자 하는 것이 본고의 목적이다. 주요 내용은 첫째, 인구감소 실태와 이에 대한 진단에 대해서 살펴본다. 둘째, 인구감소에 대응하여 추진되어 온 지역발전정책의 전체적 체계와 흐름을 정리한다. 셋째, 지역발전정책의 핵심적 전략과 이에 따라 정부에서 추진하는 사업들을 연계하여 분석을 한다. 인구감소에 대한 논의 과정과 계획의 수립 등에 관한 자료를 폭 넓게 조사하였으며, 총무성, 국토교통성, 농림수산성, 경제산업성 등에서 추진하고 있는 지역사업의 내용을 대상으로 한다.

Recently, the most important keyword of Regional Development Policy and Strategy is 'population decrease' in Korea. This Paper examines the development process and direction of Japan 's Regional Development Policy, which is already in the era of declining population. The total population of Japan continues to decline from its peak in 2008, and number of births is also steadily declining. Population decline is more severe in rural areas than in Metropolitan Areas. This is because the young people in rural areas moves to the Metropolitan Areas. Masuda wrote a 2013 article arguing that growth in Tokyo was leading to population decay in other regions of Japan. It is called 'Local Extinctions'. The analysis and argue of Masuda influenced the promotion of Regional Development Policy against the population decrease. The Japanese government is working on strategies to curb population migration from rural areas to Metropolitan Areas and strategies to increase birthrate. The Grand Design(the future spatial development vision towards 2050), which was established in 2014, proposed 'Compact and Networks' as the prerequisite for creation of a country generating diverse synergies among regions. In November, 2014, Abe administration enacted a law to promote regional revitalization to spread out Japanese population in a more balanced way. With the new law, the national government required all local municipalities to come up with new development strategies. In Korea, it is time to start discussing the direction of Regional Development Policy and the future spatial development vision for keep up with population decrease. The case of Japan will give important implications.