Earticle

A large-scale analysis to evaluate complex material and structural behaviors is one of interesting topic in diverse engineering and scientific fields. Also, the utilization of massively parallel processors has been a recent trend of high performance computing. The objective of this paper is to introduce a parallel process system which consists of general purpose finite element analysis solver as well as parallelized PC cluster. The later was constructed using eight processing elements and the former was developed adopting both hierarchical domain decomposition method and balancing domain decomposition method. Then, to verify the efficiency of the established system, it was applied for structural analysis of steam generator in nuclear power plant. Since the prototypal evaluation results agreed well to the corresponding reference solutions it is believed that, after reinforcement of PC cluster by increasing number of processing elements, the promising parallel process system can be utilized as a useful tool for advanced structural integrity evaluation.

Due to the rapid growth of the amount of data, research on bigdata processing has been highlighted. For bigdata processing, CUBRID Shard is able to support query processing in parallel way by dividing the database into a number of CUBRID servers. However, CUBRID Shard can answer a user's query only when the query is required to gain accesses to a single CUBRID server, instead of multiple ones. To solve the problem, in this paper we propose a CUBRID based distributed parallel query processing system that can answer a user's query in parallel and distributed manner. Finally, through the performance evaluation, we show that our proposed system provides 2-3 times better performance on query processing time than the existing CUBRID Shard.

In recent years, massive MIMO systems have been widely researched to realize high-speed data transmission. Since massive MIMO systems use a large number of antennas, these systems require huge complexity to detect the signal. In this paper, we propose a novel detection method for massive MIMO using parallel detection with maximum likelihood detection with QR decomposition and M-algorithm (QRM-MLD) to reduce the complexity and latency. The proposed scheme obtains an R matrix after permutation of an H matrix and QR decomposition. The R matrix is also eliminated using a Gauss?Jordan elimination method. By using a modified R matrix, the proposed method can detect the transmitted signal using parallel detection. From the simulation results, the proposed scheme can achieve a reduced complexity and latency with a little degradation of the bit error rate (BER) performance compared with the conventional method.

In this paper, we develop a parallel inverted pendulum system that has the characteristics of the strongly coupled dynamics of motion by an elastic spring, the time-variant system parameters, and inherent instability, and so on. Hence, it is possible to approximate some kinds of a physical system into this representative system and to apply the various control theories to this system in order to verie their fidelity and efficiency. For this purpose, an experimental system of the parallel inverted pendulum has been implemented, and a control scheme using the eigenstructure assignment for decoupling control is presented in comparison with the conventional LQR optimal control method. Furthermore, this system can be utilized as a testbed to develop and evaluate new control algorithms through various setups. Finally, in this paper, the results of the experiment are compared with those of numerical simulations for validation.

본 논문에서는 2019년 6월 1일부터 시행되고 있는 중국 개정 ｢공무원법｣의 주요내용 중 핵심인 ‘직무･직급 병행제’에 대해 연구를 진행하였다. 이 제도는 그동안 중국 공무 원 사회의 문제점으로 지적되어온 지방 일선기관 공무원들의 승진적체와 낮은 수준의 처우 문제를 개선하기 위해 도입된 제도인데, 기존의 실무자 직무를 폐지하고 대신 직급 이라는 새로운 개념을 도입하여 문제를 해결하려고 시도하였다는 점에서 특징이 있다. 하지만 기존의 실무자 직무와 직급 사이에 본질적인 차이가 있다고 보기 어렵고, 직급 승진의 경우에는 권한 행사 및 업무 관련 처우의 변화가 수반되지 않는다는 한계 가 있다. 또 급여구성에 있어서도 직급에 의해 결정되는 부분이 얼마나 큰 역할을 할 수 있을지 미지수이며, 제도 정착을 위해 지방정부가 지는 재정적 부담도 상당하다는 문제가 있다. 향후 중국 정부가 이러한 문제점들을 어떻게 보완하면서 제도를 운영해 나갈지 지속적인 관찰이 필요한 부분이다.

The new Civil Servant Law (2019) has been in effect from June 1, 2019 and "parallel system of civil servant's position and rank" is the most important item in the new law. This system is to improve the promotion delay and low-level treatment of local front-line(grassroots) civil servants, which have been pointed out as problems in the China's public sector. It is characterized by abolishing non-leading posts and adopting a new concept of "rank" to solve the above problems. However, this system still has the following problems. First, it must have increased the possibility of promotion, but there is no essential difference between non-leading posts and rank. Secondly, in spite of the rank promotion, there is no change of the powers and the work-related treatment conferred on promoted civil servants. Thirdly, it is not clear how much of a role the rank can play in increasing wage level, and this system can cause a financial burden to local governments. By the way, this system is very important because it is related to increasing the efficiency and preventing the corruption of government, so it is necessary to continuously observe how the Chinese government operates the system while supplementing these problems in the future.

本论文对从2019年6月1日起正式施行的新《公务员法》中“职务与职级并行制度”进行 了研究. 该制度的目的旨在解决中国基层公务员群体中一直以来存在的“千军万马过独木 桥”与低待遇的现象，其特点是废除了非领导职务而采取了“职级”这一新的概念来试图 解决上述问题. 但是，该制度还存在如下的问题. 第一，虽然新制度提高了晋升空间，但是新制度中 职级与以前的非领导职务之间没有本质上的差异. 第二，公务员职级晋升时不能享受政 治待遇和工作待遇，这可能降低多数人对制度的期待. 第三，公务员工资当中职级确定 的部分与其影响力并不明确，是否有助于改善问题，还有有待商榷. 最后，为了施行新 制度，地方政府可能会受到相当大的财政压力. 今后中国政府如何解决这些问题并完善 制度，需要持续观察.

On the cluster system, the parallel code of rigid-plastic FEM has been developed. The cluster system, Simforge, has 15 processors and the total memory is 4.5GBytes. In the developed parallel code, the distributed data of the column-wise partitioned stiffness are stored as the compressed row storage and the diagonal preconditioned conjugate gradient solver is applied. The analysis of block upsetting is performed with the parallel code on Simforge cluster system. In this paper, the analysis results are compared and discussed.

본 연구는 호텔 식음부서에서 일학습병행제에 참여하는 학습근로자 1명의 현장 적응 경험이 어떠한 과정과 의미 구조를 갖는지 탐색하기 위해 단일 사례연구를 수행하였다. 핵심 사례인 학습근로자 1명 외에, 현장지도자 1명, 관리자 1명, 동료 직원 9명을 다중 정보제공자로서 적응 경험을 삼각측량하였는데 자료는 반구조화 질문지를 기반으로 한 서면 응답 및 후속 확인 질문, 운영 문서를 통해 수집되었고, Braun과 Clarke[1]의 주제분석 절차를 적용해 의미 단위를 코딩하고 주제를 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 학습근로자의 적응은 업무매뉴얼 숙지와 얼마나 빨리 적응하느냐에서부터 비로소 서비스 수행이 안정화되므로 본 연구는 단일 사례에서도 적용 가능한 운영 원칙으로 피크타임 시 단계적 투입, 미세기술(micro-skill) 코칭, 질문 채널 제도화, 평가의 설명가능성 강화를 제안한다.

This study conducted a single case study to explore the process and semantic structure of the field adaptation experience of one learning worker participating in the work-study parallel system in the hotel food and beverage department. In addition to one key case, a field leader, a manager, and nine colleagues were triangulated as multiple information providers, and the adaptation experience was triangulated. The data were collected through written responses based on semi-structured questionnaires, follow-up confirmation questions, and operation documents, and semantic units were coded and topics were derived by applying Braun and Clarke's[1] thematic analysis procedure. As a result of the analysis, service performance is stabilized only when learning workers' adaptation is adjusted to familiarity with the work manual and how quickly. This study proposes step-by-step input at peak times, micro-skill coaching, question channel institutionalization, and strengthening the explainability of evaluation as operational principles applicable even in a single case.

태양광 시스템은 최대 출력점에서 발전이 불가능하고, 유지 보수와 증설 및 대용량의 시스템이 어렵고, 설치비용이 크다는 단점으로 인해 상용계통과 연계한 PV 시스템은 인버터의 특성과 더불어 소형, 고역률, 낮은 고조파 출력, 고 신뢰성, 최대출력 운전, 저비용 등의 장점들이 요구되고 있다. 따라서, 이러한 시스템은 에너지를 계통과 부하로 전달하기 위해 양방향의 PCS가 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 일사량과 부하량에 따른 동작 알고리즘과 충․방전 제어기 설계를 통한 태양광 발전을 위해 에너지저장시스템을 고려한 PCS와 양방향의 효율적인 에너지 전달을 위해 연계형 인버터를 이용하여 DC-link 전압과 인버터 출력전압을 제어하였다. 제안한 시스템의 타당성을 입증하기 위 해 시뮬레이션과 실험 결과를 통해 검증하였다. 그 결과 제안한 시스템이 기존의 태양광 시스템보다 강인함을 입증 하였다.

PV systems cannot be generated at the maximum power point, maintenance, expansion, and large-capacity systems are difficult and installation costs are high, so PV systems linked to commercial systems require advantages such as small size, high power factor, low harmonic output, high reliability, maximum power operation, and low cost in addition to the characteristics of inverters. Therefore, such a system requires a bidirectional PCS to transfer energy to the system and the load. In this paper, the DC-link voltage and inverter output voltage were controlled using PCS considering ESS for solar power generation through operation algorithm according to solar radiation and load and design of controller for charging and discharging, and linkage inverter for efficient energy transfer in both directions. To prove the validity of the proposed system, it was verified through simulation and experimental results. As a result, the proposed system proved to be more robust than the existing PV system.

본 연구는 사회복지사의 보상체계가 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향에서 일과 삶의 균형과 가족지지의 병렬 다중매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 사회복지사 475명을 대상으로 직장의 보상체계, 일과 삶의 균형, 가족지지와 삶의 만족도와의 관계를 살펴보았으며, 분석방법으로는 Hayes(2013) PROCESS MACRO 분석을 활용하여 병렬다중매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회복지사 보상체계는 일과 삶의 균형과 가족지지에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 일과 삶의 균형과 가족지지는 삶의 만족도에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 사회복지사의 보상체계는 삶의 만족도에 직접효과가 나타나 지 않았고 매개변수를 통한 간접효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 다시 말해 사회복지사의 보상체계와 삶의 만족도와의 관계에서 일과 삶의 균형과 가족지지는 매개효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과를 바탕 으로 본 연구는 사회복지사의 보상체계 개선과 삶의 만족도 향상을 위한 서비스 및 정책 수립의 기초자료 를 제공하고 후속 연구에 대하여 제언하였다.

This study examined the parallel multiple mediating effect of work-life balance and family support on the effect of the social worker compensation system on life satisfaction. The life satisfaction of social workers is the most fundamental factor that prevents impaired quality of life, turnover, and burnout among social workers. Moreover, to improve the life satisfaction of social workers, it is important to consider work-life balance and family support together. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between the compensation system, life satisfaction, work-life balance, and family support among 475 social workers, and the results were as follows: First, it was found that the social worker compensation system had a positive effect on the parameter work-life balance and family support. Second, it was found that the parameters of work-life balance and family support both had positive effects on life satisfaction. Finally, it was found that the compensation system of social workers had an indirect effect on life satisfaction through certain parameters. Both work-life balance and family support, which are parameters, showed indirect effects on the path from the compensation system to life satisfaction. With these results, this study provided basic data for service and policy establishment to improve the compensation system for social workers, and it lastly suggested directions for follow-up studies.

To mitigate power transmission losses between power plants and consumers, Medium-Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) systems, which transmit power as DC and convert it back to AC at the destination, are increasingly being developed. However, these MVDC conversion systems, which are rich in semiconductor devices, generate significantly more heat than conventional transformers. Consequently, the thermal management capabilities of traditional air-cooling methods are proving insufficient, necessitating the adoption of liquid cooling systems. This study aims to optimize the energy efficiency of MVDC liquid cooling systems. Finally, we demonstrated a optimized system that minimizes the pump's power consumption by dynamically adjusting the coolant flow rate to each thermal module based on the automatic control valve system.

안전보건관리체계구축 컨설팅 사업은 조직의 안전보건 인식개선, 사업장 위험성평가, 산업재해 위험관리 매뉴얼과 절차 마련 등 기업의 안전보건 관리시스템 전반의 구축을 지원하여 산업재해를 예방하기 위해 고용노동부와 안전보건공단이 2022년부터 시작한 공공사업이다. 본 연구에서는 안전보건관리체계구축 컨설팅 사업을 통해 사업장에서 산업재해(업무상 사고사망) 감소 효과가 발생했는지 여부와 순 효과의 크기를 추정하였다. 2022년 사업에 참여한 3,053개 사업장(처치집단, treatment group)과 동질한 통제집단(control group)을 설정하기 위해 성향점수매칭(propensity score matching, PSM) 방법을 적용하고, 이중차분(difference-in-difference, DiD) 모형 추정과 평행추세 검정(parallel trends test)을 수행하여 사업의 순 효과를 추정한 결과, 안전보건관리체계구축 컨설팅 사업에 참여한 사업장의 사고사망만인율(‱)이 참여하지 않은 사업장들에 비해 약 0.8054‱p (18.54명) 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 공단이 직접 선정하여 지원한 사업장뿐만 아니라 자발적으로 신청하여 참여한 사업장 에서도 0.7782‱p 사고사망만인율 감소 효과가 나타났는데, 이는 안전보건관리체계구축 컨설팅 사업이 기업의 자율안전보건 노력을 유도하 여 산업재해를 감소시키려는 목적에도 부합하는 사업임을 의미한다. 또한 컨설팅에 참여한 사업장 중 고위험(high risk)으로 분류된 사업장에 서는 매우 유의한 사고사망만인율 감소 효과가 나타난 반면, 그렇지 않은 저위험(low risk) 사업장에서는 유의한 효과가 발생하지 않아 상대적 으로 위험도가 낮은 사업장에 대한 지원이 단기에 유의한 효과를 기대하기는 어렵다는 점을 밝혀냈다.

The Occupational Safety and Health System Support Consulting Program is a public initiative launched in 2022 by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. The program aims to prevent occupational injuries by supporting workplaces in establishing comprehensive safety and health management systems. This includes improving organizational awareness of occupational safety and health, conducting workplace risk assessments, and developing manuals and procedures for managing occupational injury risks. This study estimates whether participation in the program led to a reduction in occupational fatalities and assesses the magnitude of the program's net effect. Using data from 3,053 workplaces that participated in the 2022 program (treatment group), a comparable control group was constructed through propensity score matching (PSM). A difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation and a parallel trends test were employed to measure the program’s net effect. The results indicate that the fatality rate per ten thousand workers (‱) in participating workplaces decreased by approximately 0.8054‱p, equivalent to 18.54 fewer cases, compared to non-participating workplaces. Notably, this effect was observed not only among workplaces selected and supported directly by the KOSHA but also among those that voluntarily applied to participate, with a reduction of 0.7782‱p. This suggests that the program successfully encourages voluntary corporate efforts toward safety and health management. Furthermore, a significant decrease in fatality rates was found among high-risk workplaces, whereas no statistically significant effect was observed in low-risk workplaces. This implies that in the short term, support for relatively low-risk workplaces may have limited effectiveness.

Parallel operation of Multi-inverter can greatly improve the system's flexibility , power system's Capacity, redundancy and reliability, current through the power switch is divided, so the current stress for power switch can also be greatly reduced, the performance is improved with costs effective and power density. The conventional droop-control strategy which is adopted generally for parallel inverter regulates the phase and the amplitude of the output voltage according to output active power and reactive power，respectively.And active power and reactive power are related to both output amplitude and output phase for double closed-loop feedback voltage—source inverter．The control method of the droop control with virtual impedance is applied in this paper. The PQ droop control strategy for parallel single phase inverter is illustrated. PQ droop control scheme can effectively stabilize the droop control system to automatically exit, and also can achieve the expected load-sharing flow effect. Droop control without mutual connection, the inverter can be conveniently connected and removed. Finally， simulation results by obtained MATLAB / Simulink software is given to verify the effectiveness of theoretical analysis .

A parallel FM signal demodulation system is designed in this paper. All FM signals from 90MHz to 110MHz could be captured, separated and restored into original information. The method of digital channelized receiving is used in the system to divide the broadband signals into independent ones according to their center frequency. This design could be used in the field of electron reconnaissance and multichannel communication system. We realized the design on a software radio platform based on the structure of SCA (Software Communication Architecture), and the advantages of this ideal is discussed in the paper.

Indexing allows converting raw document collection into easily searchable representation. Bigger scale indexing poses some challenges such as how to distribute indexing computation efficiently on a cluster of nodes. MapReduce framework can be an effective tool for parallelizing such tasks as inverted index construction. We propose SciPDFindexer, distributed information retrieval system for scientific articles in PDF. For given large collection of scientific articles in PDF our system parses and extracts metadata from articles, and then indexes extracted content using our proposed scheme. Our contribution is the design of distributed IR system and indexing scheme that improve the overall indexing performance.

Sliding Mode controller (SMC) is a highly significant nonlinear controller under condition of certain and partly uncertain dynamic parameters of system. This controller is used to control of highly nonlinear systems especially for continuum robot manipulators, because this controller is a robust and stable. In opposition, conventional sliding mode controller is used in many applications; it has two important drawbacks; chattering phenomenon and nonlinear equivalent dynamic formulation in uncertain dynamic parameter. To reduce or eliminate the chattering two methods is used; modified proportional-derivative boundary derivative sliding function and design a nonlinear sliding surface function based on fuzzy inference system and applied to sliding mode controller. The nonlinear equivalent dynamic formulation problem in uncertain system can be solved by applied artificial intelligence theorem (e.g., fuzzy inference system). Based on this research chattering eliminated based on applied modified sliding function and fuzzy inference engine and this controller is more robust than conventional sliding mode controller and simple fuzzy sliding mode controller.

The support process of carrier aircraft is a complex closed-loop system with time delay and parallelism. At present, the related literature is lack of research on parallel closed-loop system. Since System Dynamics is a method that can reveal the dynamic process of complex system. Therefore, this paper proposes a modeling method of parallel closed-loop operation based on System Dynamics. The support process model for carrier aircraft is established in order to analyze the parallel closed-loop system of carrier aircraft. The flow chart and the system structure equations of support process are presented for analysis of the dynamic process and the static performance. The simulation is based on the actual data of Nimitz Aircraft Carrier. The influences of fueling operation, weapons loading operation, other operations and strike task on support capacity are simulated and analyzed. The bottleneck factors affecting support capacity are found through simulation and analysis. A new evaluation method of carrier aircraft support process is proposed. This paper provides a reference to improve the carrier aircraft support capacity and aircraft carrier combat capacity.

다양한 병렬 컴퓨팅 시스템을 지원하기 위해서는 LLVM IR을 벡터/행렬을 보다 효과적으로 지원할 수 있도록 확장하는 것과 LLVM IR을 machine code로 바꾸어 주는 부분을 새로운 알고리즘으로 설계하여 구현하면 된다. IR 예제에서 보았듯이 기본적으로 RISC 명령어로 구성되어 있기 때문에 RISC 명령어 생성은 자연스럽게 생성되며, 벡 터 또한 현재 지원가능한데 행렬 명령어는 지원되지 못하고 있다. 벡터/행렬을 보다 강력하게 지원하기 위한 새로운 IR 구조, 명령어 생성 알고리즘 및 관련 부분의 확장이 필요하다. 이를 위해 LLVM IR의 각 명령어를 (벡터/행렬을 위한) target architecture의 적당한 명령어로 mapping을 해주는 부분 (instruction selection 알고리즘)이 중요하다. LLVM IR 명령어의 의미를 파악하고, target architecture의 각 명령어 의미와 syntax를 비교하여, 패턴이 일치하는 명령어를 선택하여 mapping을 효율적으로 해줘야 한다.

In order to support various parallel computing systems, it is necessary to extend LLVM IR to more efficiently support vector / matrix and to design LLVM IR to machine code as a new algorithm. As shown in the IR example, RISC instruction generation is naturally generated because the RISC instruction is basically composed of the RISC instruction, and the vector instruction is also not supported. There is a need for new IR structures, command generation algorithms and related extensions to support vector / matrix more robustly. To do this, it is important to map each instruction in the LLVM IR to the appropriate instruction in the target architecture (vector / matrix) (instruction selection algorithm). It is necessary to understand the meaning of LLVM IR command, to compare the meaning of each instruction of the target architecture with syntax, and to select the instruction that matches the pattern to make mapping efficient.