Earticle

이 연구는 음악이 정서에 미치는 조절 효과에 대한 신경화학적 측면의 문헌들을 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 통합적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 데이터베이스 검색을 통해 확인된 총 355편 중에서 논문 선정 및 배제 기준에 따라 최종적으로 20편을 선정하였다. 신경화학적 변인과 음악 변인을 중심으로 자료를 추출하였으며 QATQS를 사용하여 선정된 연구의 질 평가를 수행하였다. 정성적 합성 수행을 통한 자료 분석에 있어서는 사용된 음악의 특성 및 대상자의 특성에 대해 종합적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 신경화학적 변인에 있어 도파민 4편, 엔도르핀 4편, 옥시토신-바소프레신 6편, 노르아드레날린(노르에피네프린) 11편, 세로토닌 1편으로 노르아드레날린 관련 연구가 가장 많았으며 콜린 관련 연구는 없었다. 신경화학적 변인과 관련하여 언급된 정서적 주제에 있어서는 모든 변인에서 스트레스가 언급되었는데 이를 통해 스트레스가 정서와 밀접하게 관련된 주요 관심사임을 확인할 수 있었다. 음악적용의 형태에 있어서는 음악 감상의 적용이 대부분을 차지하였는데, 음악중재에 있어 긍정적 정서를 유발하는 음악의 조절 효과에 주로 초점이 맞추어졌음을 알 수 있었다. 연구의 질 평가에 있어서는 선택 비뚤림과 눈가림에 대한 고려가 더욱 필요하다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 음악이 정서에 미치는 조절 효과에 영향을 주는 것으로 고려되는 변인들로 음악 특성과 대상자 특성에 대한 내용을 종합적으로 분석한 결과에서는 정서가와 각성에 따른 반응 차이가 신경화학적 측면에서 확인되었다. 이를 통해 근거 중심의 음악치료 중재를 위한 이론적 토대로서 기초연구의 가치를 실제적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구는 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 음악이 정서에 미치는 조절 효과에 대한 신경화학적 측면의 객관적 근거를 확인하고 임상적 함의에 대해 살펴보았다는데 의의가 있다.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the neurochemical aspects of the modulating effects of music on emotion. Of a total 355 identified through a database search, 20 studies that met the selection criteria were finally selected. Data were extracted with a focus on neurochemical and musical variables, and the quality assessment for the selected studies was conducted using QATQS. The characteristics of the music used and of the research participants were comprehensively analyzed. As for the results of the study regarding neurochemical variables, there were 4 dopamine studies, 4 endorphin studies, 6 oxytocin- vasopressin studies, 11 noradrenalin studies, and 1 serotonin study. The noradrenalin studies were the largest in number and there were no choline studies. In all the selected studies, stress as a key emotion-related subject was discussed in relation to the examined neurochemical variables. Regarding music application, music listening was made in most studies, and the music interventions were mainly used to trigger positive emotions in participants with the intent to examine the modulating effect of music. The comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the music used and of the research participants showed that there were differences in response based on emotional valence and arousal. The results of this study form a theoretical basis for the evidence-based music therapy practice particularly related to emotional modulation. The quality assessment of the selected studies suggests the considerations necessary to deal with selection bias and blinding in future research. The significance of the current study is that it collected the objective evidence of the modulating effects of music on emotion and discussed its clinical implications through a systematic review of the related literature.

Emotional information can easily capture our attention compared to neutral information. Evidences suggest that the amount of induced attentional capture is correlated with arousal levels of processed information. On the other hand, the speed (onset latency) of attentional capture seems to be determined by the valence of the emotional information. In this study, the speed of attentional capture between equally high arousing positive and negative stimuli was compared by using the emotion-induced blindness (EIB) procedure, which is suited for measuring temporal changes in attentional effects. In Experiment 1, either a positive or negative word distractor was presented among a rapid stream of neutral words, and a to-be-reported target animal word followed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 8 lags after distractor presentation. In Experiment 2, either a positive or negative distractor was presented among a rapid stream of opposite valence words. The overall results indicate that negative distractors induced a rapid attentional capture response occurring at lags 2 to 4, while positive distractors induced a late attentional capture response, which gradually increased and peaked at lag 5. In conclusion, the emotional valence of distractors determines the speed of attentional capture when compared emotional distractors have similar arousal levels.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-adipogenic and lipid-modulating effects of tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA)-enriched Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (SM-CPE) prepared using cloud-point extraction (CPE), an eco-friendly method designed to enhance the yield of hydrophobic bioactive compounds. Methods and Results: High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed that SM-CPE contained approximately 35 times more Tan IIA than the conventional water extract (SMW). In 3T3- L1 preadipocytes, Tan IIA showed cytotoxicity at concentrations ≥ 5 μM, while SMW was noncytotoxic up to 200 ㎍/㎖. In contrast, SM-CPE began to show cytotoxicity from 200 ㎍/㎖, likely due to the high concentration of Tan IIA. An adipogenesis assay revealed that SM-CPE inhibited lipid accumulation by 17.6% at 100 ㎍/㎖ and by 81.0% inhibition at 200 ㎍/㎖. In com- parison, SMW showed relatively weak inhibition (19.9% at 200 ㎍/㎖), while Tan IIA exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition, reaching 64.4% at 20 μM. In a P-407-induced dyslipidemic mouse model, 14 days of oral administration of SM-CPE significantly reduced serum triglycerides by 54.2%, which was more than double that of SMW (23.9%) and similar to that of Tan IIA (65.6%). SM-CPE also lowered total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels, whereas HDL levels increased slightly, although not statistically significant. Conclusions: SM-CPE demonstrated superior anti-adipogenic and lipid-lowering effects compared with SMW and Tan IIA, supporting its potential as a natural agent for treating obesity-related metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia. CPE offers a practical strategy for enhancing the functional efficacy of herbal extracts by concentrating lipophilic bioactive compounds such as Tan IIA.

본 연구는 중학생의 여가 유형별 사용 시간이 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향과 성별의 조절 효과를 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2019년 생활시간조사 자료에 포함된 중학생 1,622명을 분석하였다. 신뢰도, 상관관계 분석, 다중 회귀분석, 조절효과 검증 방법을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중학생의 여가 유형별 사용 시간을 분석한 결과 평일과 주말 모두 미디어, 게임 및 놀이, 교제활동, 스포츠 순으로 시간을 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났으며, 남학생은 게임 및 놀이, 미디어에 여가시간을 사용하고 있으며, 여학생은 미디어, 게임 및 놀이, 교제활동의 순서로 나타났다. 둘째, 중학생의 주관적 행복감은 평일보다 주말이 더 높았으며, 여학생보다 남학생의 주관적 행복감이 더 높은 결과로 나타났다. 여가 유형별 사용 시간이 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 혼합모형과 남학생 모형에서는 교제활동, 미디어, 게임 및 놀이가 주관적 행복감에 정적인 영향을 주었다. 여학생 모형에서는 미디어와 교제활동이 주관적 행복감에 정(+)적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중학생의 여가 유형별 사용 시간과 주관적 행복감의 영향 관계에서 성별 조절효과를 검증한 결과 미디어와 게임 및 놀이에서 유의한 것으로 나타났지만 교제활동과 스포츠는 통계적 유의성이 확인되지 않았다. 즉 미디어, 게임 및 놀이 시간이 증가할수록 여학생보다 남학생의 주관적 행복감이 더 높은 것으로 검증되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 중학생의 행복을 위한 실천적, 정책적 방안을 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of middle school students’ time spent by leisure type on subjective happiness and the moderating effect of gender. To this end, 1,622 middle school students included in the data of the 2019 living time survey were analyzed. To this end, 1,622 middle school students included in the data of the 2019 living time survey were analyzed. The results of reliability, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and moderation effect verification methods are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the time spent by leisure type of junior high school students, it was found that both weekdays and weekends, media, games and play, social activities, and sports spend a lot of time. The female students appeared in the order of media, games and play, and social activities. Second, the subjective happiness of middle school students was higher on weekends than on weekdays, and the subjective happiness of boys was higher than that of female students. As a result of analyzing the effect of time spent by leisure type on subjective happiness, in the mixed model and male student model, social activities, media, games, and play had a positive effect on subjective happiness. In the female student model, it was found that media and social activities had a positive(+) effect on subjective happiness. Third, as a result of verifying the gender control effect in the relationship between the use time of each leisure type and the subjective feeling of happiness of middle school students, it was found to be significant in media, games, and play, but not in social activities and sports. In other words, it was verified that as media, games, and play time increased, men’s subjective happiness was higher than that of women. Based on these results, practical and policy measures for the happiness of middle school students were suggested.

본 연구는 배우자 사별 여성 노인의 사별 스트레스와 삶의 질과의 관계에서 자아탄력성의 조절 효과를 알아 보고 홀로 된 여성 노인의 삶의 질을 증진하고자 교육 및 프로그램 등 중재 방안의 기초자료 마련에 연구목적이 있다. 이를 위해 S시, B시, C시, I시, D시, G도에 거주하는 배우자 사별 65세 이상 여성 노인 260명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석 방법은 SPSS WIN ver 25.0과 SPSS Process macro 3.4를 이용하여 통계분석을 하였다. 연구 결과 배우자 사별 여성 노인의 사별 스트레스가 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 자 아탄력성이 높으면 삶의 질이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 사별 스트레스의 감소에 자아탄력성이 조절 효과 가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 고령사회에서의 배우자 사별로 홀로 지내는 여성 노인을 위한 사별 관리 돌봄 전략을 개발하고 다양한 교육을 제공하는 것은 삶의 질 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 아울러 실천적 차원에서 지역사회 연계기관과 협력하여 개입방안과 유용한 교육과 사회 ․ 문화적 기반과 지원이 수반되어야 할 것이다. 그러나 본 연구는 횡단적 단일시점의 조사연구이었기에 향후 연구에서는 다양한 설계와 연구가 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulating effect of ego resilience in the relationship between bereavement stress and quality of life in widowed elderly women, and to prepare basic data for interventions such as education and programs to improve the quality of life of single elderly women. For this purpose, a self-report questionnaire was conducted with 260 elderly women age 65 and older with widowed spouses residing in S city, B city, C city, I city, D city, and G province. For the analysis method, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS WIN ver 25.0 and SPSS Process macro 3.4. As a result of the study, it was found that bereavement stress was a factor affecting the quality of life of the widowed elderly women and that the quality of life improved when the ego resilience was increased. Additionally, it was found that ego resilience has a modulating effect on the reduction of bereavement stress. Based on these research results, developing a bereavement management care strategy for elderly women living alone due to the death of their spouse in an aging society and to provide various education can contribute to improving the quality of life. Additionally, at the practical level, we should coordinate with local community-linked organizations to provide intervention plans, useful education, and social and social services. It would have to be accompanied by a cultural foundation and support. However, since this study was a cross-sectional, single-point investigation study, various designs and studies are needed in future investigations.

최근에 리더의 능력배양을 위한 방법의 하나로 코칭을 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 리더의 코칭 행위가 팀 성과와 팀 만족에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고, 자기효능감과 리더의 진정성이 이들을 조절하는지를 실증적으로 규명하였다. 분석결과 먼저 리더의 코칭행동은 구성원들의 리더의 진정성 인식과 자기효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었고, 또한 구성원들의 팀 만족과 팀 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 파악되었다. 둘째, 팀 구성원들이 인식한 리더의 진정성과 자기효능감이 팀 만족 및 팀 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 리더의 코칭행동이 팀 유효성에 미치는 영향을 진정추구리더십과 자기효능감이 조절하는지를 파악하였으나 조절효과가 없는 것으로 파악되었다. 리더의 코칭활동이 팀 만족과 팀 성과를 포괄하는 팀 유효성에 영향을 미치지만 리더의 코칭 활동이 구성원과 상호작용이 부족하거나 일방적인 영향력행사에 불과한 것으로 인식되어 리더에 대한 진정성을 이해하지 못하기 때문으로 사료된다. 또한 리더의 코칭활동이 형식적이거나 상호소통이 원활하지 못하기 때문에 조절효과가 없는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구결과는 리더의 코칭행동이팀 성과와 팀 만족에 중요한 영향을 미침을 제시하고 있어 리더십 개발에 코칭의 활용가치가 있음을 시사해 주고 있다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 연구의 시사점과 한계 및 향후 연구 과제를 제시하였다.

Recently, Coaching is utilized as one of the method for the cultivation of ability of the leader. Therefore, it is the point of time of time when coaching behavior of the leader stands out. This study investigates modulating effect of authentic leadership authentic leadership and self-efficacy on leader's coaching behavior and team performance, satisfaction. The research design and analysis employed in this study are all conducted at the team level. This study clarifies the meanings of leader's authentic behaviors and coaching behaviors, and the relations between variables. The analyzed result, firstly, the leader's coaching behavior was confirmed to reach the positive effect to the authentic leadership awareness of the members and self-efficacy. The leader's coaching behavior to give the positive effect to moreover, the team satisfaction of the members and team result. Second, the team members organizations realize the authentic leadership and which the what self-efficacy reaches the positive effect on the team satisfaction and team result thing could be confirmed. Third, it was understood that it grasped but whether the Authentic leadership and self-efficacy modulated effect that the leader's coaching behavior reaches to the team satisfaction(performance) or not there was no conditioning effect. It turned on but that leader's coaching behavior had the positive effect in the team performance there was exposed to be no conditioning effect of the Authentic leadership and self-efficacy. The result of this research has an effect on the team validity in which the leader's right-foot shoot includes the team satisfaction and team performance. However, it is considered that member is unable to understand the authenticity about the leader because the leader's coaching behavior is not more than the influence exercise that member and interaction is insufficient or that is one-sided.

기업의 성과주의 문화로 인한 과도한 경쟁유발과 성과강요는 조직 내 부정적인 행태들을 유발하여 구성원들의 조직행동에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 특히 조직 내 부정적인 행태들은 조직 차원 또는 대인 관계 차원 다양한 수준에서 나타나고 있는데, 관련 연구들은 대표적으로 조직정치와 상사의 비인격적 감독을 제시하고 있다. 그러므로 조직정치와 상사의 비인 격적 감독이 구성원의 조 직행동에 부정적인 영향을 미친다면 관리를 통해 축소되어야 한다. 그러나 이러한 조직 내 부정적 인 행태들은 구분이 명확치 않기 때문에 공식적으로 통제하기 어려운 특징 을 가지고 있어 기존 연 구들에서는 관리방안에 대한 연구가 미미한 상태이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 조직 수준 또는 대인관 계 수준에서 해결할 수 없는 조직 내 부정적 행태들의 완화 방안을 다른 수준에서 찾으려는 시도를 하였다. 첫째, 조직 수준의 부정적 행태인 조직정치로 인한 부정적인 영향 을 완화시키기 위해 대인 관계 수준인 상사-부하 교환관계의 질을 조절요인으로 제시하였다. 둘째, 대인 관계 수준의 부정적 행태인 상사의 비인격 감독으로 인한 부정적인 영향을 완화시키기 위해 조직 수준인 조직지원인식을 조절요인으로 제시하였다. 분석결과, 첫째 구성원의 조직정치 지각은 그들의 이직의도를 증가시키며, 상사-부하 교환관계의 질이 높을수록 이직의도가 감소되는 조절효과가 나타났다. 둘째, 상사 의 비인격적 감독은 그들의 이직의도를 증가시키며, 조직지원인식이 높을 수록 이직의도가 감소되는 조절효과가 나타났다. 본 연구는 조직정치와 상사의 비인격적 감독의 조절변수를 다차원적 관점 에서 규명함으로서 학술적 또는 실무적으로 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

Excessive competition and performance pressure resulting from performance-oriented system arouse negative behaviors in organization, which affect member's organizational behaviors negatively. Especially, they appear in the various levels such as organizational level and individual level and relevant studies suggest organizational politics in the organizational level and leaders' abusive supervision. Therefore, because they induce the negative behaviors of members, they should be decreased. However, there are few studies that investigate mitigating factors, for they are too ambiguous to judge and cannot be controlled formally. Therefore, this study is to investigate mitigating factors in the different levels for organizational behaviors in organizational level or individual level. First, we suggest leader-member exchange in individual level as modulating factor to mitigate negative effects from organizational politics in organizational level. Second, we suggest perceived organizational support in organizational level as modulating factor to mitigate negative effects from leaders' abusive supervision in individual level. Results show that members' perception of organizational politics increase their turnover intentions and their qualities of leader- member exchange mitigate the negative effect of organizational politics on their turnover intention. Second, leaders' abusive supervision increase their turnover intentions and their perceived organizational support mitigate the negative effect of leaders' abusive supervision on their turnover intention. This study provides academic and practical implications by investigating modulating factors of organizational politics and leaders' abusive supervision in the different level.

이 연구는 규칙적인 무도수련에 참여하는 특수목적 대학에 재학 중인 대학생들이 인식하는 그릿이 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 검증하고, 배경변인의 조절효과를 파악하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 규칙적인 무도 수련을 실시하는 특수목적 대학에 재학 중인 학생 382명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0, AMOS 21.0 프로그램으로 분석하였다. 분석 과정을 거쳐 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 그릿은 부정적 정신건강을 감소시켜주는데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 그릿과 부정적 정신건강의 관계는 운동 참여 수준에 따른 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study was conducted to confirm the relationship between grit and negative mental health perceived by police college students participating in regular exercise and to determine the moderating effect of background variables. To achieve the objectives of this study, a survey of 382 students attending National Police University was conducted and the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. First, grit has been found to be effective in lowering negative mental health levels. Second, the relationship between grit and negative mental health was found to have a moderating effect depending on the level of exercise participation.

본 연구에서는 조직문화와 조직특성들을 구성하는 여러 요소들이 서로 조합되어 조직구 성원의 직무관련 심리상태에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고자 한다. 즉, 이를 통해 요양보호사들이 속한 조직이 요양보호사들의 직무만족, 조직몰입 제고를 위해 조직문화 및 조직특성들을 어떠한 방식으로 조화롭게 운영해야 하는지에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 요양보 호사들의 직무만족과 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 요인은 조직문화적인 측면도 있지만, 그에 대해 조직특성으로 대별되는 업무의 구조적 환경을 어떻게 조성하는냐에 따라 보다 다양하 게 나타날 수 있다 분석결과, 집단문화의 경우 공식화 수준이 높을수록 조직몰입과 동료 만족의 증가가 강 화되는 효과가 나타났다. 또한, 집권화 수준이 낮을수록(의사결정참여도가 높을수록) 동료 만족의 증가가 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 합리문화의 경우, 대체적으로 공식화 수준이 높 을수록 조직몰입과 직무만족의 증가가 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 집권화 수준이 낮 을수록 조직몰입과 보수 만족은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

This study aims to analyze how the organizational culture and various factors constituting organizational characteristics are combined with each other to affect the job-related psychological status of organizational members. In other words, through this, we would like to find out how the organization to which nursing care workers belong should operate the organizational culture and organizational characteristics in harmony to enhance the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of nursing care workers. Factors affecting nursing care workers' job satisfaction and organizational commitment also have organizational culture aspects, but they can be more diverse depending on how to create a structural environment for work that is broadly classified as organizational characteristics As a result of the analysis, in the case of group culture, the higher the level of formulation, the stronger the increase in organizational commitment and peer satisfaction. In addition, it was found that the lower the level of power (the higher the participation in decision-making), the stronger the increase in peer satisfaction. In the case of rational culture, it was found that the higher the level of formulation, the stronger the increase in organizational commitment and job satisfaction. However, it was found that the lower the level of government, the higher the organizational commitment and remuneration satisfaction.

4차산업혁명의 도래와 함께 현대의 사회는 전문지식을 갖춘 글로벌 융복합형 인재를 요구하고 있다. 각 기관 인재양성 과정에서 대학들이 외국인 유학생 맞추 교육 및 관리경험의 부족으로 전공학습 등 문제가 되고 있다. 본 논문 은 한국의 4년제 대학 이상 학위과정에서 재학 중국유학생에게 설문하였으며, 연구구조 방정식 모델을 적용하여 가설 검증을 하였다. 분석 결과 대학기관에서 중국유학생의 학습몰입과 학습흥미를 제고시켜야만 개인-조직적합성을 높일 수 있다. 중국 유학생과 학교의 적합성이 좋아야 유학생 교육성과와 행정관리에 큰 도움을 될 것이고 학습 분위기와 대학 이미지도 진급할 수 있는 것으로 예상되었지만 자기효능감이 과도한 유학생은 학습몰입 높을수록 개인-조직적합 성에 부정적인 영향을 미쳐 학생 교육과 관리에 어려워질 수 있다. 반면에 자기효능감이 낮은 유학생들은 학습몰입이 높을수록 개인-조직적합성도 함께 높아진다는 의미를 제시한 측면에서 시사점을 가진다.

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution modern society demands global convergence talent with expertise. The purpose of this study is to suggest the Person-organizational Fit can be enhanced only when university institutions enhance the learning flow and learning interest of Chinese students. Only when the suitability of Chinese students and Univ. is good will it be of great help to the educational performance and administrative management of international students, and the learning atmosphere and university image can be promoted. However, international students with excessive self-efficacy may have a negative effect on Person-organizational Fit to making it difficult to educate and manage students. On the other hand, for international students with low self-efficacy, the higher the immersion in learning, the higher the individual-organization (Univ) suitability.

본 연구는 조사과정에서 수사관과 피혐의자의 라포(rapport) 형성이 자백 진술의 신빙성과 자발성에 미치는 영향을 검증하고, 라포형성 하위요인들에 대한 상대적 중 요도를 분석하였다. 아울러 수사관이 인식하는 상사지지(supervisor support)가 라포 형성과 자백 진술의 신빙성, 자발성에 어떠한 조절효과가 있는지 함께 분석하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 해양경찰 수사부서에 근무하는 수사관을 대상으로 조사과정에 서 부인하던 피혐의자로 부터 자백을 획득한 실제 경험을 바탕으로 경험보고식 설문 조사를 실시하고, 총 161명 응답 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 라포형성 기법 하위요인 5가지 언어적·신체적·정서적·정보제공·동질감 중 정서적 라포가 자백 진술의 신빙성과 자발성 모두에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타났으며, 상대적 중요도 분석에서도 가장 높은 기여도를 보였다. 또한 수사 관이 인식하는 상사지지는 정서적 라포와 자백 자발성 간의 관계를 유의미하게 조절 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 조사과정에서 수사관의 라포형성이 자 백진술 획득에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며 또한 라포형성은 수사관 개인 역 량뿐 아니라, 조직적 환경 요인으로 볼 수 있는 상사지지가 그 효과를 조절하는 중 요한 맥락 변수로 작용함을 실증적으로 제시함으로써, 해양경찰 수사환경에 맞는 인 권 친화적 수사면담의 개발 및 수사관 개인의 정서적 상호작용 역량 강화와 함께 조 직 차원의 지지 환경을 고려한 관리·지원 체계가 병행될 필요성을 제시한다.

This study verified the effect of the rapport formation of investigators and suspects on the reliability and spontaneity of confession statements during the investigation process, and analyzed the relative importance of the rapport formation sub-factors. In addition, it was intended to analyze how supervisor support recognized by the investigator has a moderating effect on the rapport formation, reliability, and spontaneity of confession statements. For the study, an actual experience-report questionnaire was conducted on investigators working in the maritime police investigation department who obtained confessions from suspects who were denied during the investigation process, and the response data of a total of 161 people were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that emotional rapport among the five sub-factors of the rapport formation technique had a significant effect on both the credibility and spontaneity of confession statements, and also showed the highest contribution in the relative importance analysis. In addition, it was confirmed that the supervisor support recognized by the investigator significantly controlled the relationship between emotional rapport and confession spontaneity. These findings empirically suggest that the investigator's rapport formation affects the acquisition of confession statements during the investigation, and that the rapport formation, which can be seen as an organizational environmental factor as well as the investigator's personal capabilities, acts as an important context variable to control its effectiveness.

최근 스마트폰 보급과 5G 환경 개선으로 바쁜 현대인들이 긴 동영상보다 짧은 동영상을 선호하면서 ‘쇼트클립’이 주목을 받고 있다. 중국에서 틱톡 출시 후 국내에서도 각 SNS앱이 잇따라 틱톡을 모방한 서비스를 내놓고 있다. 하지만 쇼트클립 간의 경쟁이 치열해지면서 콘텐츠 내용 동질화, 검토 강화, 내용 창의 부족 등 품질 문제가 쇼트클립의 발전을 저해하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 쇼트클립의 서비스품질, 정보품질, 추천시스템이 사용자의 지속적 만족, 사용의도, 정보공유의도 간의 구조적 관계에 관해 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한, 쇼트클립 품질, 추천시스템과 사용자 만족 간에 광고의 지각된 침입성이 조절변수로의 역할을 하는지도 조사하였다. 자료수집은 릴스 사용 숙련도가 높은 대학생 100명을 대상으로 사전조사를 통해 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하고 설문지를 수정·보완하여 본 조사는 2022년 5월 6일부터 13일까지 한국리서치회사를 통해 릴스 사용자 380명을 대상으로 URL를 제공하여 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과에서 사용자 만족에 영향을 미치는 품질변인들을 살펴보고 사용자 만족이 지속적 사용의도와 정보공유의도에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 광고의 지각된 침입성은 품질속성과 사용자 만족의 관계에서 일부 조절효과가 있는 것을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 연구결과에 대한 시사점, 연구의 한계점과 후속연구를 제시하였다.

After the launch of TikTok in China, each SNS app in Korea is also launching services that imitate TikTok one after another. However, as competition among short clips is fierce, quality problems such as content homogenization, reinforcing review, and lack of content creativity are hindering the development of short clips. In this study, the service quality, information quality, and recommendation system of Short Clip were to examine the structural relationship among users' continuous satisfaction, use intention, and information sharing intention. In addition, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether perceived invasiveness of advertisements played a role as a moderating variable between short clip quality, recommendation system, and user satisfaction. Data collection was conducted with 100 college students with high reels use proficiency through a preliminary survey to verify the reliability and validity of the scale, and to revise and supplement the questionnaire. It was implemented by providing the URL created for 380 reels users. As a result of the empirical analysis, quality variables affecting user satisfaction were identified, and user satisfaction was found to affect continuous use intention and information sharing intention. Also, the perceived invasiveness of advertisements was confirmed to have some moderating effects in the relationship between quality attributes and user satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of interpersonal relationships in the workplace on job burnout of Chinese kindergarten teachers with modulating effect of emotional intelligence. To this purpose, a survey was conducted on 168 kindergarten teachers from in Jilin Province, China. The analysis was performed by descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and Process 3.4 with SPSS 22. The results of this study are as follows. First, the general situation of job burnout for Chinese kindergarten teachers is not serious. Second, both interpersonal relationships in the workplace and emotional intelligence are negatively related to job burnout. Third, interpersonal relationships in the workplace directly affect job burnout, and emotional intelligence can ease job burnout through interaction with interpersonal relations in the workplace. According to the research results, in order to reduce the job burnout of Chinese kindergarten teachers, external resources such as interpersonal relationships and internal resources such as emotional intelligence of early childhood teachers should be improved.

Apoptosis, also known as cell suicide or programmed cell death, removes unwanted and genetically damaged cells from the body. Evasion of apoptosis is one of the major characteristic features of rapidly proliferating tumor cells. Chemopreventive agents inhibit or suppress tumor formation through apoptotic induction in target tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pro-apoptotic potential of lupeol during 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Topical application of 0.5% DMBA three times a week for 14 weeks in the buccal pouches of golden Syrian hamsters resulted in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The expression pattern of apoptotic markers was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (p53, Bcl-2, Bax) and ELISA reader (caspase 3 and 9). In the present study, 100% tumor formation with defects in apoptotic markerexpression pattern was noticed in hamsters treated with DMBA alone. Oral administration of lupeol at a dose of 50mg/kg bw completely prevented the formation oral tumors as well as decreased the expression p53 and Bcl-2, while increasing the expression of Bax and the activities of caspase 3 and 9. The present study thus indicated that lupeol might inhibit DMBA-induced oral tumor formation through its pro-apoptotic potential in golden Syrian hamsters.

The object of this trial was to investigate the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation on the performance and immunological response of broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty 1-day old male broilers ($39{\pm}1g$) were separated into six treatments which were given six different feeds containing 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. On days 21 and 42, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversation rate were recorded as measures of growth performance. The levels of key cytokines in the immuno-regulating pathway: interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon $\gamma$(IFN-$\gamma$, tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$, and the concentrations of signal molecules: peripheral blood plasma globulin, serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and intestinal secretary Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), were measured as indices of the immune response to determine suitable levels of dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. The results indicated that performance was elevated quadratically with dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. Maximal growth performance and an enhanced immunological response were obtained at a supplemented level of 50 mg/kg.

Hepatitis refers to inflammation of hepatocytes and liver tissue, and is mainly caused by viruses, alcohol, and drugs. Forsythiae Fructus has traditionally been used as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic. Research on rengyolone, a bioactive substance extracted from Forsythiae Fructus, is rarely found in Korea and abroad. First, an acute animal toxicity test for rengyolone was conducted for the animal experiment. 4 week-old SD rats were injected intraperitoneally with acetaminophen for 2 weeks to induce chronic liver inflammation. Rengyolone was orally administered into two groups during 4 weeks: pre-inflammatory group and post-inflammatory group. Oral doses were also divided into 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg. Liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP), western blot analysis of liver tissue, and level of inflammatory cytokine were performed to evaluate the improvement of hepatitis. Experimental results showed that rengyolone inhibited the development of acute inflammation and thus could reduce hepatitis symptoms.

ObjectiveaaWe examined whether childhood exposure to psychological trauma is associated with greater suicidality and whether specific psychiatric disorders modulate this association in a representative sample of Korean adults. MethodsaaThe Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1 was administered to 6,027 subjects aged 18?74 years. Subjects who experienced a traumatic event before the age of 18 years, the childhood-trauma-exposure group, were compared with controls without childhood trauma exposure. ResultsaaChildhood exposure to psychological trauma was associated with lifetime suicidal ideation (OR=3.19, 95% CI=2.42?4.20), suicide plans (OR=4.15, 95% CI=2.68?6.43), and suicide attempts (OR=4.52, 95% CI=2.97?6.88). These associations weakened after further adjustment for any psychiatric disorders, but they were not eliminated. The risk of suicide attempts related to childhood trauma increased with the presence of a concurrent alcohol use, depressive, or eating disorder. ConclusionaaIn terms of clinical implications, patients with these disorders who have a history of childhood trauma should be carefully assessed for their suicide risk and aggressively treated for psychiatric disorders.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response, with manifestations in multiple organs by pathogenic infection. Currently, there are no promising therapeutic strategies. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a cell signaling transcription factor. Niclosamide is an anti-helminthic drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a potential STAT3 inhibitor. C57BL/6 mice were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Niclosamide was administered orally 2 hours after the LPS injection. This study found that Niclosamide improved the survival and lung injury of LPS-induced mice. Niclosamide decreased the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum. The effects of Niclosamide on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and STAT3 signaling pathways were determined in the lung tissue by immunoblot analysis. Niclosamide reduced phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, NF-κB, and STAT3 significantly. Furthermore, it reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 by LPS stimulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Niclosamide also reduced the LPS-stimulated expression of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Niclosamide provides a new therapeutic strategy for murine sepsis models by suppressing the inflammatory response through STAT3 inhibition.

We have fabricated alumina thick films by inkjet printing technology. Two different types of ink system were formulated in order to understand their evaporation behaviors and their evaporation effects on the powder distribution on, the surface during inkjet-printed alumina thick films. Single solvent system was formulated with N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF), which led to coffee ring effects which non-uniformly distributed alumina particles on the substrate during the ink evaporation. However, Co-solvent system which consists of both Water and DMF produced relatively uniform distribution of the particles on the substrate. We believe that these two different distributions of alumina particles are attributed to the ink fluid flow directions in the ink droplets ejected from the different ceramic ink system. We have modulated inkjet parameters such as dot-to-dot distance, line-to-line distance, jetting velocity and jetting drop size in order to find out the optimum condition for the printing of alumina thick films from two different ink systems. The surface roughness, microstructures and dielectric properties of these inkjet-printed alumina thick films were investigated.

Two different micro-flows during the evaporation of ink droplets were achieved by engineering both surface tension gradient and compositional gradient across the ink droplet: (1) Coffee-ring generating flow resulting from the outward flow inside the ink droplet & (2) Marangoni flow leading to the circulation flow inside the ink droplet. The surface tension gradient and the compositional gradient in the ink droplets were tailored by mixing two different solvents with difference surface tension and boiling point. In order to create the coffee-ring generating flow (outward flow), a single-solvent system using N,N-dimethylformamide with nano-sized spherical alumina particles was formulated, Marangoni flow (circulation flow) was created in the ink droplets by combining N,N-dimethylformamide and fotmamide with the spherical alumina powders as a co-solvent ink system. We have investigated the effect of these two different flows on the formation of ceramic films by inkjet printing method, The packing density of the ceramic films printed with two different ink systems (single- and co-solvent systems) and their surface roughness were characterized. The dielectric properties of these inkjet-printed ceramic films such as dielectric constant and dissipation factor were also studied in order to evaluate the feasibility of their application to the electronic ceramic package substrate.