Earticle

The integration of efficient information-based systems characterizes one of the vital priorities of an Italian regional healthcare environment to meet its clinical, organizational, and managerial needs, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study proposes that the most likely approach to achieve an Italian regional healthcare system is to use a health level-7-based interoperable communication system implemented by an asynchronous communication infrastructure between healthcare sites. The proposed framework is a comprehensive and integrated management information systems (MIS) centered coordination at an Italian regional level that includes all categories of healthcare levels, including the interoperability concerns; that covers most of the needed elements and can work efficiently and effectively in a vast secure area network to safeguard data privacy and confidentiality of a local the patient. Another essential feature of the proposed framework system solution is that it creates interoperability and compatibility that can be simulated from one healthcare institution to another inside the Italian healthcare environment. In that case, joint interoperability and system-compatible messages can interrelate heterogeneous management-based information systems. In response to the COVID-19 situation in Italy, more than 50 different consortiums have submitted proposals directly to the Italian Government. It is believed that the proposed interoperability framework seems to be widely considered an acceptable solution to enhance information and communication technologies (ICT) developments in the healthcare sector in Italy. Furthermore, this study identifies some flaws inside the Italian healthcare sector with possible elucidations for further research.

The Quality of Experience (QoE) of next Generation wired/wireless network seπices based upon IP networking is becoming a popular issue in recent years. The user experience of Internet services such as IPTV, online game, web surfing and etc, are becoming the most desirable factors to service providers to improve service performance and customer’s satisfaction. However, collecting user experience from customers and obtaining the QoE parameters from the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as bandwidth, delay, jitter or admission control algorithm, are difficult subjects because of the various service 쇼pes and user characteristics. In this paper, we propose a framework which contains service classification, QoE analysis and service enhancement steps for a suitable QoE measurement and management protocol. We define the user satisfaction indicators of the Internet services, classi다r the categories of each type of services, and analyse the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) in each type of services to perform the QoS parameters and improving the service qualities.

디지털화된 세계로 산업 구조가 바뀌며 메타버스 관련 산업들이 유기적으로 지속적 성장을 하고 있다. 패션산업은 제조, 생산, 디자인에 3D 소프트웨어를 이용한 스마트 시스템 도입하는 등 메타버스 활용에 다양 한 시도를 하고 있다. 본 논문은 선도적 패션기업들이 기술력의 결합과 함께 메타버스 플랫폼을 기반으로 한 가상공간에 브랜딩을 다각적으로 전개하기 위해 브랜딩의 체계적인 프레임워크가 필요함을 인지하여 매 튜 볼의 8가지 메타버스 핵심 요소와 오픈 메타버스 Web 3.0의 프레임워크를 통해 오픈 메타버스 플랫폼과 구성요소를 연구하였다. 그 결과로는 패션 브랜딩 프레임워크를 작성함으로써 다음과 같은 사실을 알 수 있 었다. 첫째, 메타버스 플랫폼의 패션 브랜딩은 과학기술을 기반으로 융합할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 데이터 플랫 폼과 AI 알고리즘, 증강현실, 가상현실에 관계된 기술을 기반으로 세 가지 경로로 메타버스 플랫폼에 접근을 할 수 있다. 셋째, 메타버스 플랫폼에는 브랜딩 구성요소의 본질을 유지해야 한다. 위와 같이 형성된 프레임 워크는 메타버스 패션 플랫폼의 핵심으로 위치되어 사용자가 기기를 통해 양쪽 세계와 소통할 수 있어야 하며 창의적 환경으로 패션산업에 특화된 소프트웨어로 전문적인 접근을 할 수 있게 한다. 이러한 메타버스 의 광범위한 현상은 궁극적으로 메타버스 플랫폼에서 일어나고 있다. 본 연구는 새로운 메타버스 시대에 패 션 브랜드들이 브랜딩에 적용할 수 있도록 메타버스 플랫폼의 패션 브랜딩의 프레임워크를 연구하여 그 방 향성을 제언하는 데 의의가 있다.

As the industrial structure changes in the digitized world, metaverse-related industries continue to grow organically. Fashion industry is making various attempts in utilizing the metaverse, for instance, introducing a smart system applying 3D software for manufacturing, production, and design. This research recognized the necessity of a systematic framework of branding for leading fashion companies to develop branding in various ways in a virtual space based on the metaverse platform along with the technologies and examined the open metaverse platform and its components through Matthew Ball’s eight core metaverse elements and the Open Metaverse Web 3.0 Framework. As a result, the following facts were drawn by creating the fashion branding framework. First, the fashion branding of the metaverse platform needs to be integrated with science and technology. Second, the metaverse platform can be accessed through three paths based on the data platform and technologies related to AI algorithms, augmented reality, and virtual reality. Third, the essence of branding components must be maintained on the metaverse platform. The framework formed as above is positioned as the core of the metaverse fashion platform to allow users to communicate with both worlds through devices and have professional access with software specialized in fashion industry as a creative environment. This widespread phenomenon of the metaverse is ultimately taking place on the metaverse platform. This study aims to meet the needs of the transitional era by researching the fashion branding framework of the metaverse platform and suggesting the direction so that fashion brands can apply to branding in the new metaverse era.

Nowadays, wireless sensor network applications have been used in several important areas, such as healthcare, military, critical infrastructure , environmental monitoring, and manufacturing. However, due to the limitation of WSNs in terms of memory, energy, computation, and scalability, efficient management of the large number of WSNs data in these areas is an important issue to deal with. There is a need for a high-performance computing and massive storage infrastructure for real-time processing and storing of the data as well as analysis of the information. In this paper, we present a framework of sensor cloud computing and service to manage monitoring sensor data for the design build projects. With this sensor cloud framework, the entire project participants can efficiently share information to identify and solve issues in the design build phase.

전자정부의 중요성이 부각되면서 전자정부 상호운용성 또한 중요한 이슈로 떠오르고 있다. 전 자정부의 상호운용성을 달성하는 방법에는 영국 및 EU 등 많은 나라에서 사용하고 있는 빌딩블록개 념의 GIF 및 미국과 같이 EA를 이용하는 방법으로 구분할 수 있다. 하지만 각기 나라마다 상이한 GIF를 운용하고 있어 표준화된 형태가 존재하지 않고 있고 GIF와 EA의 연계성이 확보되지 않고 있 다. 이에 본 연구에서는 EU, 영국 및 미국 등 12개의 해외 국가들의 전자정부 상호운용성 프레임워 크를 분석하여 중요하게 고려되어야 하는 요소를 선정하고 GIF와 EA개념을 동시에 적용하기 위해 EA 생명주기를 적용한 3차원 형태의 일반적인 상호운용성 프레임워크를 제안하였다. 또한, 제안된 프 레임워크를 주요국의 전자정부 상호운용성 프레임워크와 비교하고 적용사례를 들어 타당성성을 입증 했다.

E-government's importance is being magnified, e-government interoperability also is rising by important issue. Method that achieve e-government's interoperability can divide by method that use the EA such as the United States of America and GIF of building block concept using in a lot of nations such as Britain and EU. However, each country is applying different GIF. In this study, select important considerations by analyzing e-government interoperability frameworks of 12 foreign countries such as EU, Britain and the United States of America. Then, I proposed general interoperability framework of third dimension form that apply EA life cycle to reflect GIF and EA concept at the same time. Also, I proved validity by comparing proposed framework with e-government interoperability framework of major country and by giving an example.

본 연구는 고령자의 건강한 노화와 자립적 생활 지원을 목표로, 의복을 단순한 피복이 아닌 ‘상시 인터페 이스’로 재정의하고 요구–설계–검증을 통합하는 체계적 접근 방법을 제시하였다. 연구의 목적은 고령자의 신체 기능 저하와 환경 제약(온·습도, 보행, 착탈의 등)을 보완할 수 있는 기능성 의복의 설계 원칙과 절차를 정립하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 고령자 의복의 기능적 요구를 이동성·균형, 의복 기후, 피부·위생, 착탈의·사용 성, 안전·모니터링, 착용 만족도의 6개 측면으로 구조화하였다. 각 요구에 대응하는 12개 디자인 원칙을 도출 하고, 고령자-활동-환경 기반의 가중치를 적용하여 우선 순위를 산정하였다. 상위 원칙은 정량 설계 파라미터 로 치환되었으며, 시나리오별 성능 목표와 프로토타입 사양(야간 보행 안전형, 민감 피부 실내용, 작은 힘·신 속 착탈형, 하계 이동성·계단형, 케어 연동 센싱형)은 압박 1–3 kPa, 재귀반사휘도계수 RA ≥ 330 cd·lx⁻¹·m⁻², ROM +5–10°, 경표피수분손실 증분 < 5 g·m⁻²·h⁻¹ 등의 정량 경계값과 표준 시험으로 규정하였다. 또한, 공통 바디 패턴과 표준 모듈 슬롯 기반 플랫폼, 총소유비용 관점의 가치 제안, 규제·표준 준비를 포함한 3단계 확 산 로드맵을 제시하였다. 설계 관점에서는 기능 모듈화·공정 통합·표준 부자재, 이중락·스냅락·세탁 전 분리 절차와 라벨링 가이드를 통해 비용·사용·세탁·규제 리스크를 선제적으로 완화할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 프레 임워크는 고령자 맥락에 최적화된 기능성 의복의 설계 의사결정을 표준화하고, 재현 가능한 검증과 비용 효 율적 보급을 가능하게 할 잠재력을 가진다. 다만, 다기관 검증과 장기 순응도·비용–효과 자료의 부재 등은 한계로 남아 있으며, 후속 연구에서는 다지역 파일럿·장기 추적, 개인 맞춤 고령자-활동-환경 가중치와 시뮬 레이션 기반 설계 탐색, 표준 상호 인정 체계 구축을 진행하고자 한다

This study aims to support healthy aging and independent living in older adults by reframing clothing as an always-on human–skin interface that integrates needs, design, and verification into a unified framework. The research proposes a set of functional clothing design principles and procedures that address the physical and environmental limitations of older adults. Functional requirements were structured into six domains—mobility and balance, thermal microclimate, skin health and hygiene, donning–doffing and usability, safety and monitoring, and user satisfaction. Building on these, twelve design principles (DP1–DP12) were derived, and their relative importance was prioritized using a Person–Task– Environment (PTE) weighting scheme (P 0.40, T 0.35, E 0.25). The upper-tier principles were translated into quantitative design parameters, with scenario-based specifications and performance targets defined by standard test boundaries— localized pressure 1–3 kPa, retroreflective luminance coefficient RA ≥ 330 cd·lx⁻¹·m⁻², range of motion +5–10°, and transepidermal water loss < 5 g·m⁻²·h⁻¹. A modular platform using a common base pattern and standardized component slots (e.g., reflective, ventilation, closure, sensor modules) was proposed, together with a three-phase diffusion roadmap encompassing cost, usability, and regulatory readiness perspectives. From a design standpoint, risk factors related to cost, use, washing, and regulation were mitigated through functional modularization, process integration, standardized trims, and detachable pre-wash components. The proposed framework provides a standardized and reproducible decision-making process for functional clothing design in aging contexts and offers practical potential for scalable, cost-efficient dissemination. Limitations include the lack of multicenter validation, long-term adherence and cost–effectiveness data, and limited generalizability across climate, culture, and body types. Future research seeks to conduct multicenter pilots, longitudinal tracking, personalized PTE weighting with simulation-assisted design exploration, and international harmonization of test standards.

This With the expansion of information and communication technology, the term ubiquitous computing is a known concept used to describe the current era of interconnected digital systems, which is silently posing a new threat to private information leakage through encryption applications. This work aims to acquaint individuals with the privacy information forms of expression in networking technology and then proposes secure multi-party computation to achieve personal information protection. This work emphasizes that, for the time being, homomorphic computing research approaches privacy in ubiquitous environments without considering the various aspects and fundamental principles of privacy. Finally, this work highlights the need for multidisciplinary research in the area and the importance that homomorphic computing algorithm research receives input from other related disciplines, such as law and psychology. This research aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the nature of privacy and its role in ubiquitous environments, providing insights for future research. Although research on privacy in the area of ubiquitous computing expands in many different directions and covers various topics, privacy issues are still open, and it appears that feasible and effective solutions are still quite far from being realized. A critical analysis of this research on privacy in ubiquitous environments reveals a significant shift: up to now, it has been the government's role to provide the framework for privacy protection. Homomorphic encryption is an encryption scheme that allows operations on encrypted data, and it can be applied in any system using various public key algorithms. When data is transferred to the public area, various encryption algorithms are used to secure both the operations and storage of the data. However, to process data located on a remote proxy server while preserving privacy, homomorphic encryption is crucial, especially for network-based operations.

This paper presents a framework, which suggests five different measures to support and consider cultural diversity groups in multicultural and international education. The study analyzes the logic of multicultural education theory and seeks a methodology to overcome monoculturalism and unilateral dichotomy, based on the resolutions of three scholars from China, Korea, and Japan. Two approaches were used in the study, including text-based analysis and practical data collection through surveys and interviews. The proposed notation can be adjusted depending on the research objectives and environmental conditions of each country, which can lead to innovation, change, and individuality in multicultural education. Overall, this study provides a basis for discovering and solving problems related to multicultural education, such as how to support minority groups in classrooms and how to promote better acceptance of other cultures. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed approach, a case study was conducted in Korea, which involved a detailed analysis and factors. The findings from this study provide valuable educational insights into the potential success and sustainability of the proposed approach in real-world scenarios.

정합성 (fit)의 개념은 기술혁신 연구에서 이론을 개발하는 데 활발히 사용되고 있다. 그러나 기술혁신 분야에서 이 개념에 대한 독자적 프레임워크는 아직 개발되지 않은 상황이다. 그러다 보니 개념의 오용 및 오역이 자주 발생하고, 견고한 논리의 개발을 제약하는 경우가 많다. 이 논문의 목적은 기술혁신 분야에서 체계성 있는 연구를 할 수 있도록 전략적 정합성 개념 에 대한 프레임워크를 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 전략적 정합성 관련 기존 문헌을 조사, 기술 혁신 연구의 특성에 맞는 정합성의 개념 프레임워크를 체계적으로 제시한다. 이 연구에서는 두 개의 축 - 일치(consistency), 호환(compatibility), 보완(complementarity) 등 정합성 요소의 ‘관 계 특성’과 내부(internal), 외부(external), 통합(integrated) 측면 등 정합성 요소의 ‘영역’ - 기준 으로 9개의 구체적인 개념을 제시한다. 각 개념의 이론적 정의와 특성을 제시하는 것은 물론, 계량분석 방법론에 대한 제언까지 포함한다. 이 논문은 정합성 개념에 대한 명확한 체계를 제시 하여 개념에 대한 오용과 혼동을 줄이고, 관련 연구가 더욱 효과적으로 개발될 수 있도록 기여 한다.

The concept of fit is widely adopted for constructing theories in the technological innovation literature. However, a unique framework on strategic fit has not yet been developed particularly for the field of technological innovation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework of the fit concept for technology innovation research. Based on reviewing literature of the fit concept in various fields, this study presents a conceptual scheme that incorporates nine specific concepts of fit based on two axes: characteristics of relationship, which includes consistency, compatibility, and complementarity, and domains of components, which includes internal, external, and integrated aspects. This study presents in detail the theoretical definitions and attributes of the nine concepts and also suggests an appropriate empirical methodology for each of them. This paper contributes to relieve confusions or misuse on the concept of fit and lead to develop theories using this concept more effectively.

The utilization of the Mobile Government system is having more than a few challenges including complexity of different mobile technologies, determining interoperability among existing systems and infrastructures, and establishing services with secured networks. To get over those challenges, integrated standard, innovative and comprehensive system architecture is required by the M-Government. Hence this study proposed reference EA framework for M-Government system in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of infrastructure deployment and integrate services among different government instructions. The study based on literature review, and current infrastructure and mobile network situation for delivering Government services of Mongolia. The study recommends innovative m-Government system framework used EA, and scope covered mobile service delivery area centered on G4C and C2G perspectives. The Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework has used in this research, and the proposed system service architecture defines the interoperable standards, infrastructure components, applications, and technologies for government institutions in Mongolia to aid interactions necessity among them to provide m-Service.

도시는 광범위하게 역사적으로 이론적으로 해석되어 왔으며, 개별적인 해석은 다양한 시점과 관점으로부터 읽혀졌다. 그러나 연속적으로 간과되었던 것 중의 하나는 사회와 도시 공간 형상사이에 대한 긴밀한 관계이다. 도시 형태는 사회 현상 이전의 것이 아니며, 그것은 만들어진 것이고 지어진 역사이다. 사회 현상 이전의 것으로 도시를 보는 것은 근대건축의 잘못 이해된 이슈 중의 하나였다. 이에 본 연구는 도시를 구축함에 있어 ‘권력’이 어떻게 적용되었는지에 대한 이해를 도모하고자 부산시에 조성된 정책이주지를 중심으로 도시와 권력 그리고 문맥과의 관계를 알아본다. 특히 정책이주지는 권력이 도시형성에 어떻게 관계를 맺고 있음을 분석하고 서술하는 것이 필요하며, 또한 정책이주지의 물리적 형태, 정책이주지의 결정, 그리고 이러한 정책 결정이 그 지역에 국한된 것이 아니라 현재 도시의 문맥, 도시구조 및 형성에 어떠한 관계가 있는 것이 요구되며 이것이 본연구의 주목적이다.

A city has widely interpreted by the historic and theoretical approaches, and separate interpretations for them has shown from various views and angles. In spite of such many trials, it has overlooked the close relationship between spatial shapes of a society and a city. The shape of any city is a history made and built, not anything before a society is formed. The view which a city is regarded to the pre-phase of a society that is one of the misunderstood issues in the modern architecture. According to Foucault, power is a rather elusive idea and it is defined as a social actor to dictate the course of action of another actor when there is a conflict over the course of such action. In this sense, it assumes power requires overt conflict, thus eliminating from consideration the power which arises from ideological domination. Therefore, this study aims to describe the relationship among a city, power, and context centered on the housing complex of political immigration established in Busan-si to improve the understanding of how power focuses attention upon the individual at the expense of the collective phenomena and urban structures. In sum, it is required to analyze and describe how city’s decision making is related to forms of urban structure in the housing complex of political immigration, how this relationship is variable, and whether the postulated relationship of power ensure that real interest and latent conflict are able to be openly diagnosed in the current context compared to other areas of the city of Busan.

This study shows that the present dysfunctional situation of the comprehensive spatial planning to society has been caused by the outdated commanding planning style originated in the urbanization and industrialization period. With the recent advanced concept of planning for action in this post-modern industrial society, it is identified that the comprehensive planning should be resettled to have policies planning style, which allows knowledge share and cooperation within society in the planning process. It is indispensable for Korea to have more socially integrating and collaborative planning style to enter into advanced countries.

Purpose: Improving students’ self-confidence is an important strategy in simulation learning. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing students’ self-confidence in simulation learning based on the Jeffries Simulation Framework. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 140 senior nursing students’ at a university, and data were collected through self-reported questionnaires. Data on students’ self-confidence were collected for student/ facilitator factors (satisfaction on major, overall grade average, and facilitator satisfaction), educational practice factors (active learning, collaboration, diverse ways of learning and educational goals), and simulation design characteristics factors (objectives/information, support, problem solving, feedback, and fidelity). Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The regression model had an adjusted R2 of .61, indicating that education goal, active learning, facilitator satisfaction, and fidelity were significant predictors of students’ self-confidence in simulation learning. Conclusion: To increase students' self-confidence with simulation learning strategies, it is necessary to design lessons that include educational goals, active learning, improved student satisfaction with the facilitator and fidelity based on the Jeffries Simulation Framework.

본 연구는 임산공학 연구자들의 연구데이터 관리 현황 파악을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 목적 달성을 위해 DAF(Data Asset Framework)라는 도구를 이용하여 설문조사를 수행하였다. DAF는 기관이 연구데이터를 어떻게 관리하고 있는지 식별, 위치, 설명 및 평가할 수 있는 수단을 제공하는 조사 도구이다. 이러한 DAF를 활용하여 국립산림과학원 내 임산공학 분야 연구자들을 대상으로 연구데이터 관리 현황을 분석한 결과, 연구데이터 생성 방법 및 유형, 공유, 저장, 보존 그리고 재사용 등과 같은 5가지의 카테고리의 현황 및 문제점이 도출되었으며, 또한 문제점 관련하여 해결책을 제시하였다. 이번 연구는 DAF와 같은 체계적인 도구를 활용한 기초 조사로서 특정 분야의 RDM 시스템 설계 시 연구데이터의 현황 및 문제점을 분석하는데 참고자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

This study was started with the aim of grasping the current status of research data management of forestry engineering researchers. In order to achieve the research purpose, the survey was conducted using a tool called DAF (Data Asset Framework). DAF is an investigative tool that provides a means to identify, position, describe and evaluate how the agency manages research data. Using this DAF, the research data management status was analyzed for researchers in the field of forestry engineering at the National Institute of Forest Science. As a result of analysis, the current status and problems of the five categories such as the method and type of research data creation, sharing, storage, preservation, and reuse were identified, and solutions were presented in relation to the problems. This study is a basic investigation using a systematic tool such as DAF, and can be used as a reference for analyzing the current status and problems of research data when designing RDM system in a specific field.

본 연구는 전통시장과 관련하여 지난 몇 년간 이루어진 정부정책과 관련 선행연구들을 바탕으로 전통시장과 관련된 정책들과 제언들에 대해 살펴보고, 그들의 문제점을 도출하 여 이에 대한 대안을 제시하는데 도시발전전략 Fraamework을 활용하였다. 그 동안 전통시 장관련 정책과 연구들이 시설현대화 위주의 하드웨어적 접근에 국한되어있었고, 또한 전 통시장 자체 문제만을 해결하는데 집중하였던 것을 지적하고 도시 발전 전체의 프레임에 서 도시의 특성을 고려한 발전전략을 제시하고 그 실질적 대안 방안들을 제시하였다. 전통시장 관련정책과 연구들을 정리한 결과 천편일률적인 시설개선이 오히려 전통시장 의 특징을 저해한다는 사실을 도출할 수 있었다. 둘째는 전통시장의 문제점 개선이 아닌 소비자 접근방안이 부족하며, 경영주체의 능동적 접근 또한 부족하다는 것이 도출되었다. 또한 전통시장별로 동일한 발전방안이 적용되어 특성화적용이 부족했다는 점을 지적하였 으며, 전통시장의 방향에 대해서는 지역적 특성이 시장의 특성과 유형에 적합하게 활성화 가 진행되어야 함을 피력하였다. 또한 소비자 유인정책을 확대하여 잠재적 소비자수를 늘 려야 함을 나타내었고, 근본적으로 전통시장의 체질 개선을 통한 경쟁력 강화 부분에 대 한 내용을 정리하였다. 전통시장이라는 주체에 대한 단순한 이해가 아닌 도시전체의 주체 로서의 역할과 타 유통경로와의 경쟁에서 생존하기 위한 지역통합형 유형설정 방식에 대 해 논의하였다.

This study examines policies and proposals related to traditional markets based on past government policies and related researches related to traditional markets, and draws up their problems and suggests alternatives. In the meantime, I pointed out that the policies and researches related to traditional markets were limited to the hardware approach focused on facility modernization, and focused on solving only the problems of the traditional market, and suggested development strategies considering the characteristics of cities in the whole frame of urban development And presented practical alternatives. As a result of summarizing the policies and researches related to traditional markets, it has been found out that the upgrading of the facilities is detrimental to the characteristics of the traditional market. Second, consumers' approach is not enough to improve the problems of traditional markets, and the active approach of management is lacking. In addition, it pointed out that the same development method was applied to each traditional market and the application of specialization was lacking. As for the direction of the traditional market, it was suggested that regional characteristics should be activated in accordance with the characteristics and types of the market. In addition, it showed that the number of potential consumers should be increased by expanding the consumer incentive policy, and the contents of strengthening competitiveness by improving the constitution of the traditional market are summarized. We discussed the role of the city as a whole and the method of setting up regional integrated types for survival in competition with other distribution channels, rather than a simple understanding of the subject of the traditional market.

Purpose: Infection control is a critical concern in nursing homes, especially in the post-COVID-19 era, due to the frailty and complex health conditions of older adults. This study aimed to develop an educational framework to improve infection control practices in nursing homes. Methods: We interviewed five infection specialists to gain practical insights. Subsequently, we administered three rounds of Delphi surveys to 20 nursing home practitioners to assess the validity and practicality of the selected items, thereby establishing a comprehensive framework. Results: The interview data revealed three key categories: recipient-centered, interaction-centered, and environment-centered. Following the Delphi surveys, we identified seven crucial factors for practicality in nursing homes: the characteristics of residents’ health, detection of subtle changes, identification of nonverbal signs, effective communication among professionals, feedback and assessment among professionals, following infection control principles, education based on problem-solving, and immunization and isolation strategies for creating a safe environment. Conclusion: By integrating expert insights and validating the framework through the Delphi technique, the proposed framework enhances infection control training and education programs in nursing homes, ultimately ensuring resident safety.

Iris segmentation is an initial step for identifying the biometrics of animals when establishing a traceability system for livestock. In this study, we propose a deep learning framework for pixel-wise segmentation of bovine iris with a minimized use of annotation labels utilizing the BovineAAEyes80 public dataset. The proposed image segmentation framework encompasses data collection, data preparation, data augmentation selection, training of 15 deep neural network (DNN) models with varying encoder backbones and segmentation decoder DNNs, and evaluation of the models using multiple metrics and graphical segmentation results. This framework aims to provide comprehensive and in-depth information on each model’s training and testing outcomes to optimize bovine iris segmentation performance. In the experiment, U-Net with a VGG16 backbone was identified as the optimal combination of encoder and decoder models for the dataset, achieving an accuracy and dice coefficient score of 99.50% and 98.35%, respectively. Notably, the selected model accurately segmented even corrupted images without proper annotation data. This study contributes to the advancement of iris segmentation and the establishment of a reliable DNN training framework.

This work presents a framework for evaluating and promoting campaigns that are launched over a crowdfunding platform. Campaigns are evaluated on the basis of campaign features and pledge performance. To promote a campaign, a recommender model is designed that filters campaigns to be promoted using association rule mining and based on backer’s interests. Framework also assesses creators’ using their past records and their profile text. This system deals with the issues faced by three stakeholders of crowdfunding and strives to satisfy their requirements and maximizes the utility of tool.