Earticle

In this study GC-MS was used to compare the main component by part (leaf, stem, root), seasons (spring, summer, autumn) and habitat (Chuncheon, Yanggu, and Inje). The main component of E. koreensis is N-methylcytisine that lupine alkaloid. N-methylcytisine has effects such as vasoconstriction, acrdiac hyperactivity, pulse control, increase in blood pressure. The concentration decreased in the order of leaves(7072mg/L), stems(606mg/L) and roots(71mg/L). The highest concentration of 8302mg/L was found in the autumn and the lowest at 509mg/L in the summer. Chuncheon (7072mg/L), Yanggu (5780mg/L) and Inje (665mg/L) showed gradually lower concentration. In conclusion, this study showed the high difference in the concentration according to part, habitat and season. We plan to conduct study on elicitor for components.

『만엽집』 번역은 일제강점기부터 지금까지 발췌 번역본과 선집(選集) 그리고 (준)완역서를 통해 시도됐다. 그리고 이와 같은 『만엽집』 번역 텍스트의 구성 요소에는 원문, 일본어훈독(訓讀), 훈독의 가나(仮名) 표기, 일본어 구어역, 한국어역, 주 (석), 후기(해설)가 있었다. 그런데 『만엽집』번역 텍스트의 ‘핵심 구성 요소’는 발췌 번역본과 선집 그리고 (준)완역서에 따라 다소 달랐다. 발췌 번역본에서는 일본어훈독과 한국어역이 핵 심 구성 요소였고, 선집에서는 원문과 일본어훈독 그리고 한국어역이 핵심 구성 요소였다. (준)완역서의 핵심 구성 요소는 원문, 일본어훈독, 훈독의 가나 표기, 한 국어역, 주(석)였다. 그리고 이들 각각의 번역 텍스트에 보이는 핵심 구성 요소의 차이는 텍스트가 신문인가 단행본인가에 따라, 또한 주석서의 성격을 가졌는가 그렇지 않는가에 따라 생겼다고 판단된다. 한편 발췌 번역본과 선집 그리고 (준)완역 서 전체에 공통되는 핵심 구성 요소는 좁게 보면 일본어훈독과 한국어역이었고, 넓게 보면 원문, 일본어훈독, 한국어역, 주(석)였다. 그렇다면 향후 『만엽집』번역이 새롭게 시도될 때 거기에는 구성 요소가 어떻게 이루어질까? 발췌 번역본과 선집 그리고 (준)완역서 전체에 공통되는 핵심 구성 요소를 유지하면서 출간 목적 등에 따라서 다양한 변용이 생길 수 있다고 생각 한다. 예컨대 ‘훈독의 가나 표기’를 보완한 ‘로마자 가나 표기’나 ‘한글 가나 표기’ 등이 추가된 것도 있을 수 있다고 본다. 이와 같이 본고에서는 일제강점기부터 현재까지 나온 『만엽집』 번역 텍스트를 발췌 번역본과 선집 그리고 (준)완역서로 최초로 체계적으로 구분하여 그 구성 요 소를 면밀히 검토한 후, 나아가 텍스트별 핵심 구성 요소뿐만이 아니라 모든 텍스트에 공통되는 핵심 구성 요소도 밝혀냈다. 또한 향후 새롭게 추가될 수 있는 구성 요소에 대해서도 언급했다.

Translation of 『Manyoushuu(万葉集)』 was attempted through excerpts, anthologies, and complete translations from the Japanese colonial period to the present. The components of the translated text of 『Manyoushuu(万葉集)』 include the original text, Japanese kundoku(訓讀), kana notation of kundoku, spoken Japanese, Korean translation, notes, and commentary. However, the core components of the translated text of 『Manyoushuu』 were rather different. In addition, the difference in the core components in each translated text was caused by whether the text was a newspaper, book or commentary. However, they were narrowly viewed as Japanese kundoku and Korean translations and broadly consisted of the original texts, Japanese kundoku, Korean translations, and notes. What elements can be added if the translation of 『Manyoushuu』 is attempted in the future? For example, ‘Kana writing in Roman characters’ or ‘Kana writing in Korean,’ which supplemented ‘Kana writing of kundoku,’ may be possible. In this study, the translated texts of Manyopjip published since 1945 were systematically divided into excerpts, anthologies, and complete translations, and their components were reviewed. Therefore, the core components common to all texts and those within each text were clarified. Additionally, this study is significant as it mentioned the components that may be added in the future.

본 연구는 문헌연구를 통해 e스포츠의 구성요소를 정리하고 층위를 고려한 계층적 e스포츠 구성요소 모형을 제시함 에 따라 e스포츠 연구의 체계화와 과학적 접근에 공헌하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 다음과 같이 진행됐다. 첫째, 한국콘텐츠진흥원에서 발표한 2013~2019 「이스포츠 실태조사」를 분석하여 e스포츠의 구성요소를 추출한다. 둘째, 추출한 e스포츠의 구성요소를 게임, 스포츠, 소비자로 크게 분류하여 계층적 모형을 제시했다. e스포츠 구성요소는 게 임으로써의 구성요소인 종목, 종목사, 전담부서 3가지를, 스포츠로써의 구성요소인 대회, 경기장, 구단, 선수, 전지훈 련, 미디어, 기관, 후원기업, 관련용품기업 9가지를, 소비자로써의 구성요소인 시청자, 관람객, 커뮤니티, 팬 4가지로 총 16가지 구성요소로 분류했다.

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the systematic and scientific approach of eSports research by organizing the components of eSports and presenting a hierarchical eSports component model through literature research. This study was conducted as follows. First, the components of eSports are extracted by analyzing the 2013~2019 「eSports Survey」 announced by the Korea Creative Content Agency. Second, a hierarchical model was presented by categorizing the extracted eSports components into games, sports, and consumers. The eSports components are classified into a total of 16 components: games, game developers, department in charge, competitions, stadium, club, players, field training, media, institution, sponsor companies, related goods companies, viewers, visitors, communities, and fans.

이 연구는 창업교육 출발점에 있어서는 한국에 비하여 다소 앞선 중국 대학의 창업 교육 정책 및 현황을 파악코자 하는 필요성에 초점을 두었다. 연구 방법으로 문헌연구 와 비교분석법을 사용하였으며, 연구 내용은 창업교육의 개념과 구성요소의 이론화, 한국과 중국 대학의 창업교육에 대한 비교‧분석을 하였다. 연구 결과, 양국의 공통점은 정부의 적극적인 지원 정책으로 실용형 인재 양성과 청년 일자리 창출을 교육목표로 하고 있다. 양국의 차이점은 첫째, 한국은 창업교육을 개별 대학이 독자적으로 운영하 고 있는데 비하여, 중국은 대학 간 연합회가 주축이 되어 연합하여 실시하고 있다. 둘 째, 한국은 창업 친화적 학사관리를 유도하고, 중국은 창업교육을 위한 탄력적인 학사 관리를 추진하고 있다. 향후 해결해야 할 과제로는 창업교육의 효과성에 대한 평가 체 제 구축과 창업교육 전문가 양성 및 기간 설립, 창업교육의 이론적 기반 확립 등을 제 안하였다. 이에 한국 대학은 향후 대학 간 창업교육 연계 체제 구축을 검토할 수 있으 며, 창업교육이 대학의 본래 기능 및 역할을 수행하면서, 학문적 권위 확립에도 기여 할 필요성이 있음을 시사점으로 제안하였다.

This study focused on the necessity of grasping the policy and current status of Chinese universities which are somewhat ahead of Korea in the starting point of entrepreneurship education. The literature research and comparative analysis were used as research methods, and the contents of the study were theorization of the concept and components of entrepreneurship education, and the comparison and analysis of entrepreneurship education of Korean and Chinese universities. As a result of the study, the common point between the two countries is that the government's active support policy aims to cultivate practical talents and create youth jobs. The difference between the two countries is as follows: First, Korea operates entrepreneurship education independently by individual universities, while China is conducted jointly by the association between universities. Second, Korea induces business-friendly bachelor's management, and China promotes flexible bachelor's management for business start-up education. The tasks to be solved in the future are to establish an evaluation system for the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education, to train entrepreneurship education experts, to establish a period, and to establish a theoretical basis for entrepreneurship education. Therefore, it is suggested that Korean universities can review the establishment of a network system between universities in the future, and that entrepreneurship education should contribute to the establishment of academic authority while performing the original functions and roles of universities.

본 연구는 2016년부터 2030년까지의 라오스의 4개 대학의 미래에 대한 연구를 하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위하여 미래 연구 방법의 하나인 델파이에 민속지방법을 도입한 Ethnographic Delphi Futures Research (EDFR)를 활용해서 세 가지 국면으로 나누어서 전개하였다. 먼저 8명의 전문가를 대상으로 고등교육 관리이론에 관한 심층 면담을 전 개하였고, 둘째, 24명의 전문가를 대상으로 EDFR를 활용해서 대학의 미래를 연구했으 며, 마지막으로 70명의 전문가를 대상으로 3가지 샘플을 가지고 라오스의 미래의 대학 을 그렸다. 연구결과 12개의 구성요소를 가진 대학의 미래를 제시하였다. 1. 대학경영, 2. 교육과정과 교수학습, 3. 연구, 4. 학사 서비스, 5. 문화보존, 6. 지역사회에서의 대학 역할, 7. 대내외협력, 8. 인프라, 9. 대학의 정체성, 10. 학생, 11. 교수, 12. 행정가 등이 그것이다. 이 연구에서는 대학 발전을 위해서는 다른 요소보다 교수, 행정가, 교육과정 과 교수학습 등이 미래에는 매우 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

This research aims to study on the future of four universities under the Ministry of Education and Sports in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao P.D.R.) in between 2016-2030. The research uses Ethnographic Delphie Futures Research (EDFR) and is divided into three phases including Phase one: study on higher education management theories and in-depth interview with 8 senior experts; Phase two: study on the future of universities using EDFR with 24 experts; Phase three: Creating future scenarios of universities in Lao PDR based on the comments from a sample of 70 experts. Research findings show that future of universities consists of twelve components (missions) namely: One, university management; Two, curriculum and teaching-learning; Three, research; Four, academic services; Five, culture preservation; Six, university’s roles in the community; Seven, internal and international cooperation; Eight, infrastructure/facility; Nine, identity (uniqueness) of university; Ten, learners; Eleven, teachers; and Twelve, administrators. The study concludes that future component twelve, eleven and two respectively have highest trends and possibilities and require development more than other components.

실시간 협업 부족에서 발행되는 진단 오류는 의료과실의 주요원인으로, 질병이나 의학적 증세를 부정확하거나 적시에 협업진단하지 못하여 발생한다. 치료가 늦어지는 것이 가장 큰 문제이며, 의료기관에 치명적 손실을 유발시킨다. 이러한 환자안전은 주치의 개인 책임 아닌 총체적 협업 시스템부재에서 기인된다. 최근 대내외적인 지속적 의료 환경 변화는 의료 기관내부의 실시간적 쌍방향 협업 제고를 위한 혁신적 시스템의 중요성을 강화하고 있다. 이에 따라 대형 상급종합병원 중심으로 신규 의료, 의료지원 및 행정 영역 간에 상호 협업적 커뮤니케이션 기반으로 의료의 질, 비용, 접근성을 높이고 의료적 사고율을 현격히 낮추고 있다. 이를 체계화하기 위한 접근방법으로 혁신적 협업 중심의 시스템을 도입하고 있으나, 개발 및 운영방안에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 논문은 MCC (Medical Collaborative Communication)의 배경 및 기존연구와 이를 구현하기위한 방법론을 제시하고 이를 기반으로 구현 도구를 개발하여, MCC 시스템 프레임워크를 제시 하였다. 본 제안 시스템 및 프레임워크는 유사 의료기관의 관련 시스템도입을 위한 진단과 실행방안에도 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Collaboration errors may occur improper diagnosis and delayed or improper medical treatments. Current medical organizations still face increasing challenges to meet the collaboration needs in the diversified medical role groups. Therefore, collaboration concerns in medical organization have been a front burner issue. Medical collaborative system has become a major practice in the leading class healthcare industries; large organizations are increasingly adopting the philosophy in all their collaborative activities to shorten required health service time while maintaining higher medical service quality and lower service overall costs. These changes have forced the organizations to consider wide improvement of their healthcare activities and to adopt the use of new spectrum. From this motivation, this paper studies on the medical collaborative concept and investigates approaches for the philosophy. To meet the demands, a framework for the medical collaborative system in large scaled healthcare institutions is proposed as an enabling tool. The findings and insights are expected to help medical organizations to adopt their competitive system strategies.

The importance of urban waterfronts and waterfront use the widely recognized need for improvement but lack of architectural components, for reasons such as lack of awareness of design chic urban environment for citizens to expect a complaint is factor. In this context, the study of the various waterfront of Busan Dadaepo sunset Fountain of dream Square, Eulsukdo Nakdong River Ecological Park, APEC Naru Park, swimming and sailing center, but target the cases that the composition of the hydrophilic space architectural analysis and in terms of components, according to its hydrophilic component identifies the type of architectural space, and how spatialized according to the type of hydrophilic seeks.

Despite the increasing demand for milk, there is a simultaneous growth in awareness regarding sustainable dairy farming and concerns about environmental issues. The concept of generating milk components without traditional dairy farming has been introduced through the utilization of bovine mammary cells. However, the establishment of a robust primary bovine mammary alveolar cells for cell-cultured milk component production remains a challenge. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the cellular attributes and milk component productivity of primary bovine mammary cells through various stages of cell subculture. The 1 cm3 pieces of mammary tissues were incubated onto a 10-cm cell culture dish until the cells grow out from the tissues. After the removal of mammary tissues, primary bovine mammary cells (fibroblasts, FBs; myoepithelial cells, MCs; epithelial cells, ECs) were isolated and purified through their different trypsin sensitivity. The primary bovine mammary cells were cultured with control culture media (CCM; without hormones) and differentiation culture media (DCM; with prolactin, insulin, cortisol, progesterone, 17b-estradiol, and epidermal growth factor). At passage 1, FBs, MCs, and ECs cultured with CCM displayed the highest levels of vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and cytokeratin 18/19 expression, respectively (p < 0.001). These cellular characteristics were not consistently maintained across subsequent passages, with a notable reduction in cell numbers (p < 0.001). At passage 1, ECs cultured in DCM exhibited higher milk component productivity in comparison to those cultured in CCM (p < 0.05). However, the synthesis of milk components exhibited a gradual decline as vacuoles increased in ECs throughout consecutive passaging. ECs cultured with CCM were unable to synthesize milk components due to the loss of tight junctions caused by matrix metalloproteinase activation. Conversely, ECs cultured with DCM boosted milk component production by intact tight junctions and low matrix metalloproteinase activity (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrated the requirement for various hormones to maintain the productivity of primary bovine mammary cells over successive passages. These results highlight the importance of hormonal optimization to establish the stable primary cells in cell-cultured milk production.

Image captioning is a task to generate a new caption using the training data of the image and caption. Since existing deep learning is a black-box model, it is crucial to analyze the influence on each module for understanding the model. In this paper, we analyze the impact of the five modules and do a comparative analysis according to three losses and two optimizations using two datasets. From extensive experiments, the best component of each module has been identified as an improved method.

In this study, contribution evaluation method applying Independent Component Analysis (ICA) was proposed. The necessity of applying ICA to the contribution evaluation was investigated through numerical simulation. The simulation modeled a scenario where the vibration/noise sources were physically overlapped in a small space, and their frequency characteristics were similar. For comparison between the conventional contribution evaluation method and the proposed method, the contribution evaluation was performed using the ordinary and partial contribution evaluation methods. Through this analysis, it was confirmed that the proposed method can identify contributions by restoring the signal when the frequency characteristics of the vibration/noise sources were similar, and their positions overlapped. These results confirm that the contribution evaluation method based on independent component analysis is effective in appropriately analyzing vibration/noise sources when their frequency characteristics are similar, and their positions overlap.

This paper presents two algorithms using data pyramids for hand shape recognition in Irish Sign Language. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used as a feature extraction and dimensionality reduction method. Originally, the problem is nonlinear and it is hard for PCA to extract the underlying structure of the data. The proposed PCA pyramids provide an alternative to nonlinear PCA as they depend on dividing the space into subspaces which are approximately linear using the appropriate eigenspace in each level. They are used to accelerate the search process to approximate the nearest neighbour search problem. The first algorithm uses unsupervised multidimensional grids to cluster the space into cells of similar objects. The second algorithm is based on training a set of simple architecture multilayer neural networks. Experimental results are given to measure the accuracy and performance of the proposed algorithms in comparison with the exhaustive search scenario. The proposed algorithms are applicable for real time applications with high accuracy measures.

원격교육의 개념에서 출발한 가상강의는 이제 e-Learning이라는 개념으로 현대의 주요 교수-학습 방법으로 제시되고 있다. 질적인 면에서의 효과적인 교수-학습 방법을 위해 본 연구에서는 가상강의 library를 제시하고 가상강의 library시스템의 기초가 되는 가상강의 컴포넌트(component)를 설계하며, 컴포넌트는 5개의 강의자료유형별(텍스트, 음성, 이미지, 동영상, flash)로 구성되어진다. 가상강의 library는 가상강의를 축적하는 시스템으로 가상강의 개발자에게는 양질의 강의를 개발할 수 있는 자료를 제공하여 과목 개발에 필요한 시간과 노력을 줄이는 효과를 가져오고, 학습자에게는 동일한 주제에 대해 다수의 강의자료를 선택적으로 수강할 수 있게 되는 효과를 가져온다.

E-Loaming is a modem main teaching method starting from the concept of remote education. This research is aimed for proposing cyber education library system, and designing a cyber education component that becomes a basis for e-Learning system. Cyber education library is a storage system of cyber lectures that can supply high quality data to the needed developers. Cyber education component consists of 5 categories and those are text, voice, image, animation, and flash. By using this system, the developers can save the necessary time and effort in education development. This system also helps students. The students can access various lecture data on a given subject and select the best fit for them.

Purpose: Migrant workers battle to access health services and adapt to a new culture. Self-care agency can be essential for health self-management. This study examines the effects of a health engagement program to improve self-care agency using a living lab approach among migrant workers living in South Korea.Methods: This study used a mixed-methods design, including a non-equivalent pre-post-test control group and three focus group interviews. Participants included 42 migrant workers from nine countries recruited via flyers, posters, and internet bulletins posted by a migrant community organization. During the 12 weeks, only the intervention group participants received four workshops addressing healthy physical activity, healthy dietary habits, effective cultural adaptation, stress management, and two outdoor cultural activities. They also participated in focus group interviews after the second, third, and fourth group activities and discussed the benefits of healthy behaviors and specific ways to implement them in real life.Results: Participants in the intervention group showed an increase in self-care agency, health literacy, and acculturation after the 12- week intervention. Themes were derived based on the lessons from living lab activities, barriers to health behavior practices, and methods to overcome these.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that multi-component intervention using a living lab effectively increased migrants’ participation in health promotion activities by strengthening health in their self-care agency. The qualitative and living lab approach effectively obtained comprehensive results on strategies to enhance healthy behavior engagement.

A crucial first step in the planning of any scientific experiment is to evaluate an appropriate sample size to permit sufficient statistical power to detect the desired effect. In this study, we investigated the optimal sample size of quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage analysis for simple random sibship samples in pedigreed chicken populations, under the variance component framework implemented in the genetic power calculator program. Using the program, we could compute the statistical power required to achieve given sample sizes in variance component linkage analysis in random sibship data. For simplicity, an additive model was taken into account. Power calculations were performed to relate sample size to heritability attributable to a QTL. Under the various assumptions, comparative power curves indicated that the power to detect QTL with the variance component method is highly affected by a function of the effect size of QTL. Hence, more power can be achievable for QTL with a larger effect. In addition, a marked improvement in power could be obtained by increasing the sibship size. Thus, the use of chickens is advantageous regarding the sampling unit issue, since desirable sibship size can be easily obtained compared with other domestic species.

What is indigenous traditional knowledge, and how it may be protected as a component of cultural heritage? In the literature on the safeguarding cultural heritage traditional knowledge is defined in response to the notions of heritage found in existing legal regulations. An inquiry into the history of this development suggests that current approaches on protecting traditional knowledge as a component of heritage might benefit actors other than indigenous communities. This piece develops this claim by examining developments of the relevant work of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Population. It emphasizes significance of international developments to supporting rights of indigenous communities yet in correspondence to the interests of the nation states.

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the Home-based Multi-component Activity Program (Home-MAP) for the maintenance activities of daily living (ADL) for patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and on caregiver burden for caregivers. Methods : Nine mild AD patients and family caregivers. The Home-MAP was performed 1d/wk, for a total of 10 times over 10 weeks. Results : After the 10 sessions, participants’ motor and process skills scores on the AMPS were found to have significantly improved (p=.028 and p=.028, respectively). The BPSD frequency score on the R-MBPC was found to be significantly reduced (p=.017). The BPSD symptoms related to caregiver reaction score on the R-MBPC and distress score on the NPI-Q were significantly reduced (p=.039 and p=.018, respectively). Conclusions : The Home-MAP appears to have contributed to the improvement of patients’ capabilities in performing in ADL, to a reduction of BPSD, and to a reduction of burden related to BPSD.