Earticle

This study analyzed the effects of elastic band exercise on balance and knee muscle functions in 22 elderly women(exercise group＝11, control group＝11) residing in G City. The following results were obtained. First, there was a statistically significant difference in both static and dynamic balance for the balance functions test. Second, there was a statistically significant difference in both extensor and flexor muscle for the knee muscle functions test. Taken together, both static and dynamic balance was improved in the balance functions after the band exercise and both extensor and flexor muscle was also improved in the knee muscle functions after the band exercise. Therefore, it suggests that the elastic band exercise may improve elderly women's leg muscle and balance functions without exceeding their power.

Background Many people do not know they have scapular downward rotation syndrome (SDRS) because they have no pain. However, SDRS may cause secondary issues such as neck pain, shoulder instability, and rotator cuff injury. Thus, individuals with SDRS should perform exercises that are suitable for SDRS. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activity of the pectoralis major (PM) and the serratus anterior (SA) during shoulder-strengthening exercises in the side-lying position, standing position, and supine position using an elastic band to suggest an effective exercise posture for SDRS. Study design Comparative, repeated measures design Methods The subjects were thirty-nine adults with SDRS aged 25 to 40 years old were participated. We conducted a repeated measures analysis of variance by measuring muscle activities in SA, PM, while performing shoulder-strengthening exercises using an elastic band in three postures (side-lying, standing, and supine positions) in random order, using a surface electromyography device. One-way repeated measures analysis of the variance and a Bonferroni post hoc test were used. Results The SA had the highest muscle activity in the order of side-lying position, standing position, and supine position, while the PM had low muscle activity in the side-lying position, supine position, and standing position in that order. Conclusions The SA-intensive strengthening exercise for SDRD using an elastic band in the side-lying position was selected as the appropriate exercise.

Background Squat exercises effectively strengthen leg muscles in stroke patients but pose challenges due to balance issues and fall risks. Wall squat exercises provide greater stability by utilizing the wall, making them a safer alternative while maintaining similar muscle-strengthening benefits. Additionally, applying an elastic band at the knees may activate the gluteus medius muscle, potentially improving walking ability. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of wall squat exercises using an elastic band on leg muscle strength, gait, and plantar pressure in chronic stroke patients. Study design Comparative, repeated measures design Methods The study included 23 chronic stroke patients randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=11), performing wall squats with an elastic band, or the control group (n=12), performing wall squats without a band. Both groups completed 10 sets of 10 repetitions, three times per week for six weeks. Outcomes measured before and after the intervention included leg muscle strength assessed with a manual muscle tester, gait performance evaluated using the 10-Meter Walk Test, and plantar pressure measured with an FDM-T treadmill. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare differences between groups over time. Results The experimental group using an elastic band showed greater improvements in leg muscle strength compared to the control group, particularly on the paralyzed side, which contributed to enhanced walking ability. Additionally, walking speed and stability improved. Plantar pressure analysis revealed a more balanced distribution between the forefoot and hindfoot, reducing asymmetrical weight distribution. Conclusions The findings confirm that wall squat exercises using an elastic band are an effective rehabilitation method for stroke patients, improving leg muscle strength and walking ability. The resistance provided by the band played a key role in strengthening the gluteus medius, leading to improved gait stability. Furthermore, the more balanced plantar pressure distribution contributed to better weight distribution, enhancing overall walking stability. These results suggest that elastic band-assisted wall squat exercises can be a safe and effective intervention for stroke rehabilitation, offering a practical approach to improving functional mobility. Therefore, incorporating this exercise into stroke rehabilitation programs can help enhance the overall physical function of patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of core exercise and band exercise on IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF and SCLEROSTIN in obese elderly women. For this study, obese elderly women composed of core exercise and band exercise group(EX, n=10), the control group(CON, n=10). The variables of IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF and SCLEROSTIN were measured in all the subjects before the start and after the end of 12 week core exercise and band exercise program(40～60%HRR, 3 times per week, 60 mins). The test data were analyzed by paired t-test and 2-way ANOVA repeated measure, and the alpha level of p<.05 was set for all tests of significance. IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF and SCLEROSTIN were measured pre and 12 weeks of post exercise training. IL-6(p<.05), TNF-α(p<.05), SCLEROSTIN(p<.01) was significantly decreased in EX group compared to CON group. VEGF(p<.05)were significantly increased in EX group compared to CON group. These results suggest that 12 weeks of core exercise and band exercis improves IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF and SCLEROSTIN. Thus, this core exercise and band exercis can be a useful therapy to improve IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF and SCLEROSTIN in obese elderly women.

An elongation band (EB) is used to improve the physical strength of older adults. However, the evidence of its effect on the upper limb is a deficiency. This study investigated the effectiveness of EB exercises on upper limb function in the elderly. Participants were divided into two groups: EB (n=16) and control (n=14). The EB group performed exer-cises in a sitting position using an EB while the control group performed active stretching exercises without bands. The exercise regimen con-sisted of four shoulder joint movements. Each group performed the ex-ercise for 20 min per day, 5 days per week over a period of 2 months. Measurements included upper limb muscle strength, shoulder joint range of motion, and grip strength. Measurements were performed at baseline, and 1 and 2 months after the intervention. Analysis of covari-ance was used to compare differences between the groups. The EB group demonstrated significant increases in muscle strength (upper trapezius, deltoid, middle trapezius muscle), shoulder joint range of mo-tion (right shoulder flexion, internal rotation, external rotation, left shoul-der joint extension), and grip strength. In conclusion, EB exercises in-creased upper limb muscle strength, shoulder joint range of motion, and grip strength in older adults.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a six-week elastic band exercise program using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) can increase isotonic strength of abductor muscles in the lower extremity. Twenty-eight healthy students from S university were divided into an experimental group and control group. Each group was partici-pated in pre and post-measurement in isotonic strength using an iso-tonic analyzer, En-treeM. Experimental group performed elastic band exercise using PNF pattern for a six-weeks, in contrast, control group did not take any exercise. In the results of this study, isotonic strength measurements of abductor muscles in lower extremity in experimental group were significantly different after exercise, but control group did not show any significant changes. Therefore, we hope that resistive ex-ercise would be very valuable for healthy people as well as the old peo-ple with weakened muscle strength.

Many older adults experience a decline in shoulder function due to ag-ing. This decline leads to limitations in daily activities and a lower quali-ty of life. The incorporation of physical therapy interventions through elastic band exercises has demonstrated improved overall physical faculties among older adults. However, there is limited literature regard-ing the effect of these interventions on shoulder function in older adults. This scoping review summarized the current literature regarding elastic band exercises targeting shoulder function in older adults. A systematic literature search was performed using the Scopus and PubMed data-bases. An additional manual search was conducted using the PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database). Articles were included if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal in 2017–2021. After assessing eli-gibility, five randomized controlled trials articles were included in the analysis. We discovered that two types of elastic interventions were applied to older adults: namely, the TheraBand and tube bands. We ob-served heterogeneity in participant characteristics among the studies (healthy older adults, older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and older adults with sarcopenic obesity). The duration of the exercise intervention ranged from 3 to 36 sessions. Only one study mea-sured shoulder function as the primary outcome. Our findings suggest that elastic band exercises have been applied to older adults in various conditions and tended to be effective; however, evidence on this topic is insufficient.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of lower muscle strengthening and balance when vibration foam roll and flossing band exercises were performed for 4 weeks by the elderly. Methods: Twenty elderly participants, aged ≥ 65 years, were selected for this study. The participants were equally divided into two groups. Group A performed vibrating foam roll exercises. Group B performed flossing band exercises. Each group performed the respective exercises two times per week for 4 weeks and underwent measurements during muscle strength and timed up-and-go tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. An independent t test was used to determine the statistical differences between the groups, and a paired t-test was used to determine statistical differences within the groups. Statistical significance was determined at α =.05. Results: Both the vibration foam roll and flossing band exercise groups showed significant changes in muscle strength and balance in the knee flexors and extensors, ankle dorsi flexors, and ankle plantar flexors between the pre and post intervention values (p＜.05). However, we found no significant differences between the two groups except for the knee extensor. Conclusion: In this study, both the vibrating foam roll and flossing band exercises were effective for improving various measures regarding muscle strength and balance.

This study aimed to determine the effects of progressive resistive exercise (PRE), including complex decongestive physical therapy (CDPT), on edema volume, hand-grip strength, upper extremity function, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Twenty patients were randomized between the progressive resistance exercise group (PREG) and the self-home resistance exercise group (SREG). Two patients in each group dropped out of the study, leaving 16 patients: n= 8 in the exercise group and n= 8 in the SREG. First, the PREG and the SREG received CDPT. Subsequently, the patients in the PREG performed PRE, whereas the patients in the SREG performed selfhome resistance exercises. Interventions were performed for 50 min, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. The results showed that, for the edema volume, a significant intergroup variation was absent, whereas the intragroup variation was significant. The inter- and intragroup variations were significant for both hand-grip strength and upper extremity function. Regarding QoL, a significant difference was observed in global health status/QoL and role function between the groups. Furthermore, significant differences were observed within the PREG in global health status/QoL; physical, role, and cognitive function; and dyspnea. No significant differences were observed within the SREG. The results collectively suggest that the exercise program was an intervention with a greater potential contribution to reducing edema and enhancing physical function in patients with BCRL.

The old people are weakened and misaligned due to aging, and their balance and quality of life are reduced. We investigated that the effect of scapular strengthening exercise on balance and quality of life in the old people. A scapular strengthening exercise was applied to the ex-perimental group, and the general conditioning exercise was applied to the control group for 40 min per session, 5 times a week, for a total of 4 weeks. As a result, the static balance and Y-balance test performance improved in the experimental group (P<0.05). The physical function and mental health, and general health of 36-item Short Form health survey improved in the experimental group (P<0.05). Therefore, the scapular strengthening exercise could be suggested as an intervention method that could improve the balance and quality of life of the old people.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the combi-nation of elastic band resistance exercise (EBRE) with modified Thai yoga on the alleviation of blood glucose and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty-two patients with T2DM were enrolled and allocated to an exercise or control group (n=21/group). The exer-cise group participated in EBRE combination with modified Thai yoga for 40 min, 5 days/wk, for 12 consecutive weeks. Blood glucose, oxida-tive stress markers, antioxidants, pulmonary function, respiratory mus-cle strength, and airway inflammation were measured before and after the 12 weeks. The results showed that the exercise group had a signifi-cant reduction in fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. More-over, T2DM patients in the exercise group showed a significant reduc-tion in plasma malondialdehyde, while superoxide dismutase and cata-lase were significantly increased. The exercise group also observed a significant improvement in pulmonary function; forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, peak ex-piratory flow, and forced midexpiratory flow as well as respiratory mus-cle strength. Interestingly, the combination of EBRE with modified Thai yoga markedly improved airway inflammation through the reduction in fractional exhaled nitric oxide. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the combination of EBRE with modified Thai yoga improves blood glu-cose, oxidative stress, antioxidants, pulmonary function, respiratory mus-cle strength, and airway inflammation in T2DM patients. Hence, it could be considered as a possible exercise program for T2DM patients.

The trunk muscles include the abdominal and scapular muscles, and strengthening them improves trunk stability. We investigated the effect of scapular strengthening exercise with and without band on trunk muscles and abdominal muscles activities. In 34 healthy men, scapular strengthening exercises A (scapular adduction) and B (scapular adduction with shoulder external rotation) with and without bands were applied. Electromyography was used to measure the muscle activity of latissimus dorsi (LD), lower trapezius, and erector spinae, and ultrasonography were used to measure the thickness of the abdominal muscles. Muscle activity was measured during the motion and during maintaining it, and muscle thickness was measured during maintaining the motion. As a result, LD activity was the highest in scapular strengthening exercise A with band, and there was no significant difference in abdominal muscle thickness with or without band. Therefore, scapular strengthening exercise A with band is considered to be the most effective method to improve LD activity.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine how manual resistance (MR) and elastic band (EB) resistance affect the muscle activity of the tensor fascia latae (TFL), gluteus medius (Gmed), and gluteus maximus (Gmax) during clam exercise. Methods: The study included 15 men in their 20s. The muscle activity of the Gmed, Gmax, and TLF was measured during clam exercise using an electromyography device. The clam exercise was randomly performed using three methods (MR method, EB method, and no resistance method). Statistical verification was performed using the repeated measures analysis of variance method. Results: The muscle activities of the Gmed and Gmax significantly increased during the MR method compared to in the other methods; furthermore, a significant increase was also observed during the use of EB compared to no resistance (p<.001). The Gmed/TFL and Gmax/TFL ratios were significantly higher during the MR method compared to the other methods (p<.001). Conclusion: Based on our research results, we suggest that providing MR during the clam exercise can more effectively increase the Gmed and Gmax muscle activity compared to the EB method.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 슬관절전치환술 환자의 통증, 관절가동범위, 낙상두려움에 대한 탄성밴드운동의 효과를 검정하기 위함이다. 방법: 본 연구의 설계는 비동등성 대조군 전․후 시차설계의 유사 실험이다. 자료는 2014년 12월10일부터 2015년 2월 10일까지 C시에 소재한 정형외과 전문병원에서 수집했다. 48명의 환자가 연구에 참여했다. (실험군 24명과 대조군 24명) 탄성밴드 운동을 10일 동안 실험군에 적용하였다. 통증은 NRS를 이용하여, 관절가동범위는 관절각도계를 이용하여 그리고 낙상두려움은 11개의 설문을 통해 측정하였다. 자료는 χ²-test, Fisher’s exact와 t-test를 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 실험군의 통증은 대조군보다 감소하였고(t=-2.89, p=.006), 관절가동범위는 대조군보다 증가하였고(t=2.98, p=.005), 낙상두려움은 대조군보다 감소(t=-4.63 p<.001)하였다. 결론: 슬관절전치환술 환자를 위한 탄성 밴드 운동은 통증과 낙상두려움을 감소시키고 관절가동범위를 증가시키는 효과적인 간호중재로 간주된다.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to verify the effects of elastic-band exercise on pain, range of motion, and fear of falling in patients with total knee replacement. Methods: The study design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental design. Data were collected from December 10, 2014 to January 10, 2015 in an orthopedic specialty hospital located in the C city. Forty-eight patients participated in the study, and each twenty-four were assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The elastic-band exercise was used with the experimental group for 10 days. The numeric rating scale was used to measure pain, goniometer to measure range of motion, and a questionnaire to measure fear of falling. The data were analyzed using x2-test, Fisher’s exact, t-test and paired t-test. Results: Compared to the control group, pain in the experimental group decreased (t=-2.89, p=.006), range of motion increased (t=2.98, p=.005), and fear of falling decreased (t=-4.63 p<.001). Conclusion: The elastic-band exercise for total knee replacement patients is considered to be an effective nursing intervention to decrease pain and fear of falling, and to increase range of motion.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a resistance bandtraining program on body composition, physical fitness, and health promotion behavior innursing students. Method: This study has a one-group pretest-posttest design to examinethe change in body composition, physical fitness, and health-promoting lifestyle profile afterparticipation in the resistance band training program. Training consisted of hands-basedexercises using an elastic resistance band for ten weeks. Participants performed theresistance band training two days per week with a sports trainer, and 30 minutesself-training three days per week. The participants were 21 freshmen in nursing. Results:Mean age of the participants was 20.9 years, and 61.9% were not satisfied with their bodyshape. After the training program, muscle mass, muscular endurance, and balance of thebody were significantly improved. In health promoting lifestyle profile, categories of physicalactivity, health responsibility, and stress management showed a significant increase. Conclusion: Results of this study suggested that exercising with a resistance bandimproved body composition, physical fitness, and health promoting behavior in the nursingstudents. We propose that resistance band training should be suitable for those who havethe environment with limitation of time and space.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of thera band exercise on muscle flexibility,balance ability, muscle strength and self-rated health in elderly women. Methods: The quasi-experimental research design (one-group pretest-post test) was employed. Participants were recruited in S-city and a total of 14 elderly women completed 15-week thera band exercise. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test and McNemar-test were used in data analysis by SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: Compared with those before participation, the participants showed higher muscle flexibility, balance ability, and muscle strength after participation in thera band exercise. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that the 15-week thera band exercise program had a favorable effect on muscle flexibility, balance ability and muscle strength of elderly women. Future research needs to develop combined exercise programs with other types of exercise for the health of elderly women.

This study was conducted in order to closely examine the effects on bone mineral density and health promotion behaviors following the intervention of a 20-week Thera band exercise program targeting elderly women. Methods: This study is a pseudo-experimental research with a pre-and-post design in a single group that examined the effects after the intervention of Thera Band Exercise for 20 weeks targeting 31 elderly women over 60 years of age who visit a Senior Welfare Center located in K city. It analyzed subjects’general characteristics using error and percentage, health promotion behavior, and a bone density aspect using the mean and standard deviation, as well as a change in the health promotion behavior and bone density, before and after exercise with Paired t-test by using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The effect of the Thera band exercise program on bone mineral density was reduced (t=8.140, p<.001) gradually after 20 weeks of exercise compared to the pre-exercise period. The health promotion behavior before and after exercise showed the significantly increasing outcomes (t=3.26, p=.003). Conclusion: There is a limitation to a direct rise in bone mineral density with the use of Thera band exercise intervention in the elderly. A change in health promotion behavior before and after exercise increased significantly. Thus, it was confirmed that taking exercise leads to a gradual rise in health promotion behavior. Hence, it understood that continuous exercise is useful and brings about a positive change in promoting health maintenance in elderly women.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistive exercise using an elastic band on range of motion, function and shoulder pain. Methods: Forty two subjects who had rotator cuff surgery were assigned either to a treatment or a comparison group, twenty one each. Following a six week period after surgery those in the treatment group participated in resistant exercise using an elastic band for four weeks. The subjects in the comparison group did not participate in the exercise program. The goniometer measured range of motion, a modified tool measured function, and a self report numerical rating scale measured pain. The data were analyzed using x2 test, Fisher's exact, t-test and the Mann-Whitney Test. Results: Although not statistically significant, there was a trend that more subjects in the treatment group had increased range of motion. There was a statistically significance among the treatment group in terms of increased function (p=.015). Further the treatment group reported less pain that those in the comparison group (p<.001). Conclusion: The findings support that resistance exercise is an effective strategy for patients with rotator cuff repair.

Objective: The study was conducted for elastic band exercise program using the feedback that has effectiveness on balance ability in elders. Methods: The participants were randomly divided into 2 group: elastic band exercise group(n=10), control group(n=10). To evaluated the balance ability of exercise, it was evaluated by using Korean Berg balance scale(BBS), time up and go test(TUG), functional reach test(FRT), timed walking test. The data was analysis using a paired t-test and independent t-test to determine the statistical significance. Results: The results of this study between BBS, TUG and timed walking test in experimental group had statistically significant difference rather than control group(p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, we identified that elastic band exercising programme using feedback has positively influenced the balancing performance of elders and proved that this can be the basis to clinically prevent the falls.