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By comparing the balancing strategies ‘Anti-Access’ and ‘Air-Sea Battle,’ this paper approaches the implications for the Korean Peninsula and East Asian security. China's active defense strategy proceeding to power transition in East Asia has been evaluated to cause the US's strong responses to mobilize military and diplomatic countermeasures, namely 'Pivot to Asia.' In this context, to maintain peace and the status quo, regional countries should participate in the appropriate control of the "Shared Regional Hegemony" which means neither accepting too much of China's assertion nor agreeing to excessive military strategies of the US. To reduce the impact of the two rival strategies, as a supporting or coordinating actor, the Republic of Korea (ROK) must properly utilize 'ROK-US-China' and 'ROK-US-Japan' triangles based on the ROK-US alliance, while she has to pursue unilateral initiatives and invite reciprocation of North Korea as a long-term strategy for cooperation. Finally, to prevent regional conflicts, regional states should establish a legally binding mechanism. The legally binding mechanism needs to pursue a middle course between the regional alliance and the multilateral security cooperation system to control the two giants’ (the US and China) unilateralism, as a kind of collective security system in East Asia.

최근 중독의 개념이 물질에서부터 다양한 행동영역으로 확대되고 생물․심리․사회적 측면과 통합적으로 관련되어 있는 것으로 밝혀지면서 기존에 중독을 설명해 왔던 모델들만으로는 이를 충분히 반영하고 설명하는 데 제한점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 행동중독을 생리․심리적 균형 관점으로 설명하기 위해 다미주이론(polyvagal theory)과 동기균형이론(motivational balancing theory)을 중심으로 다양한 문헌을 고찰하고 종합하여 제시하였다. 먼저, 다미주이론(polyvagal theory)으로 스트레스의 지속적인 증가와 이를 해소하기 위한 노력이 중독행동의 심화와 유지에 어떻게 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 살펴보았다. 다음으로는, 동기균형이론(motivational balancing theory)으로 인간의 기본동기인 자율감, 소속감, 유능감, 목표감의 불균형이 어떻게 중독행동과 연결될 수 있는지 설명하였다. 이를 종합하여 본 연구에서는 단기적인 동기균형을 성취하기 위해 중독가능성이 높은 행동을 실행하였을 때 개인의 알로스타시스적 부하량(allostatic load)이 감소하지 않아 다시 심리적 동기균형의 필요가 증가하고 이 균형을 되찾고자 하는 역기능적 시도가 행동중독과 같은 악순환으로 이어지게 된다는 관점 및 구체적 모델을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 행동중독에 대한 생리․심리적 균형 관점을 바탕으로 임상 및 상담현장에서 생물․심리․사회적 측면을 포괄하는 개입이 필요함을 제안하였다.

Recently, it has been found that the concept of addiction can be broadly applied from substance abuse to diverse areas of behavior and be relevant with the biological, psychological and social aspects so, models that already explained addiction behavior has a limitation in reflecting and explaining the facts that are mentioned above. Therefore, this study suggests the polyvagal theory and motivational balancing theory in order to explain behavioral addiction in a biopsychological balancing perspective. Specifically, it explained that the continuous increase of the stress and the efforts of the relieving it can affect the deterioration and maintenance of addictive behavior based on the polyvagal theory. Also, it described how the imbalance of human’s basic needs such as autonomy, relatedness, competence and sense of goal can be related with the addiction behavior based on the motivational balancing theory. To sum up, perspective and specific model are suggested that when the addictive behavior is executed in order to achieve a short-term motivational balance, the allostatic load of the individual does not decrease, and thus the need for psychological motivation balance increases, which in turn leads to behavioral addiction. Finally, based on the physio-psychological balancing perspective on behavioral addiction study suggests the needs for the intervention that covers the biological, psychological and social aspects in clinical and counseling circumstances.

Load balancing is a major challenge in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) consisting of 5G and 6G ultra-dense small cells with long-term evaluation advanced (LTE-A) networks. A key factor in achieving efficient load balancing during user mobility is creating appropriate optimisation for handover control parameters (HCP). This paper proposes a coordinated load balancing algorithm for LTE-A/fifth generation (5G) HetNets. The algorithm automatically optimises HCP settings for a given user based on three bounded functions (the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the user equipment (UE), the number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) per UE and the UE’s speed) as well as their automatic weight levels. A two-step target cell determination strategy is implemented according to the cell load level and RSRP criteria, ensuring that users are handed over to low-loaded target cells. A new HO procedure that considers the pilot signal power is also proposed, which includes the number of PRBs per UE and the RSRP. Cells with freer PRBs are prioritised in user association to provide load balance and enhanced throughput. The proposed load balancing algorithm is compared with five other load balancing algorithms selected from the literature. The simulation results reveal that under various mobile speed scenarios, the proposed load balancing scheme enhances network performance in terms of load level, throughput, spectral efficiency and call dropping ratio (CDR).

Objective To compare the effect of foot orthotics and rehabilitation exercises by assessing balancing ability and joint proprioception in athletes who have chronic ankle instability. Methods Forty-one athletes who visited hospitals due to chronic ankle instability were randomly assigned to two groups. One group had ankle rehabilitation exercises while the other group had the same rehabilitation exercises as well as foot orthotics. Joint position sense of the ankle joint was examined by using an isokinetic exercise machine. Balancing abilities categorized into static, dynamic and functional balance abilities were evaluated by using computerized posturography. We tested the subjects before and after the four-week rehabilitation program. Results After the four-week treatment, for joint reposition sense evaluation, external 75% angle evaluation was done, revealing that the group with the application of foot orthotics improved by -1.07±1.64 on average, showing no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Static, dynamic and functional balancing abilities using balance masters were evaluated, revealing that the two groups improved in some items, but showing no significant difference between them (p>0.05).Conclusion This study found that athletes with chronic ankle instability who had foot orthotics applied for four weeks improved their proprioceptive and balancing abilities, but did not show additional treatment effects compared with rehabilitation exercise treatment.

In modern representative democracy, political legitimacy is based on potentially conflicting principles: (1) the “popular sovereignty” principle, stating that the republic must be based on “the opinion of the people,” and (2) the “rule of law” principle which suggests that constitutional values of the republic must be protected from “irregular interpositions of the people.” As a parallel institution supporting the democratic republic (e.g., the press as the “Fourth Branch”), the role of journalists has continuously changed, and the journalistic institution has been balancing those two potentially conflicting principles. This study examines the current status of journalistic values as part of modern democracy. Traditionally accepted news used to balance the conflflict between constitutionalism and populism by distancing journalists from both the existing elites and the mass. However, due to the recent transformation of the media landscape and the uprising of people’s anti-establishment feelings, news audience has struggled to relate their everyday lives to the mainstream journalism institutions. As a key alternative journalistic value of the traditional journalistic standard, the “news objectivity,” this study suggests “social empathy” as a solution of the modern political conundrum between two potentially conflflicting principles that most representative democracies face.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a horse riding program on balancing ability in children with cerebral palsy. Eleven children(five males and six females) diagnosed with cerebral palsy participated. The horse riding exercises(walking and trotting) were conducted twice per week for 30 minutes during 24 weeks. Balancing ability was measured three times at pre, mid, and post-test using an air pad by the same physical therapist. The data were analyzed using a two-way repeated-measures analysis of covariance with time(0, 12, and 24 weeks) using SPSS version 18.0. A comparison of horse riding between patients with hemiplegia and paraplegia was conducted with the Willcoxon signed-ranktest at a predetermined probability rate of 5%. The results showed a significant increase in balancing ability after horse riding than that before horse riding(p<0.01). The average balancing score increased greater in males(54.59±84.05) than that in females(27.84±12.67) after the horse riding exercise program compared to that before the program(p <0.05). Thus, horse riding exercise was considered an effective to improve balance in children with cerebral palsy. These results provide useful basic data for horse riding for the disabled.

In cloud computing systems the continuous increasing need for a variety of applications has made workload distribution and resource allocation more difficult. These difficulties lead to a high degree of imbalance and poor system performance. To address these issues, this study presented a high scalable Improved Multi-Objective Hybrid Load Balancing (IMH_LB) Algorithm. It combines the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm with the velocity driven approach of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. The suggested method has been developed to optimize cloud computing environments by improving resource utilization with high scalability. The quality-of-service (QoS) parameters are comparatively analyzed in CloudSim by benchmarking the proposed algorithm against standard (GWO and PSO) algorithms and state of the art (Hybrid GWO-PSO and Improved Hybrid Genetic Algorithm-GWO) algorithms. The experimental findings show the superiority of the proposed approach with average improvements of 72.16% in average response time, 67.27% in makespan, 5.18 times in throughput, in 7.51 times in average resource utilization and 78.51% in degree of imbalance over the standard (GWO and PSO) and state of the art (HGWO-PSO and IHGA-GWO) methods. The proposed algorithm achieves high scalability while stabilizing at an average utilization of 89 % at significantly high workloads.

Purpose: In Japan, about 80% of deaths occur in hospitals, especially long-term care beds. The purpose of this study was to clarify the nursing practices used for such older patients at the end-of-life stage in longtermcare wards via the modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA). Methods: Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews of nineteen nurses working in cooperating long-term care wards, acute care wards, or hospice services (to allow for constant comparison between these types of wards) in western Japan in 2014. We analyzed the transcribed data using M-GTA. Results: The core category that emerged from the analysis was “Balancing enhancement of patients' daily life quality and life-sustaining care in the face of uncertainty about the patients' character.” Eleven categories emerged, such as Seeking older patients' character with their family, Supporting families' decision making, Rebuilding patients' daily life in the ward, and Sustaining patients' life span through medical care. Conclusions: Nurses experienced uncertainty about the care needs of older patients, the ethical problems of Enhancing the patients' QOL by using risky care, and the evaluation criteria used to judge their own nursing care after the patients' death. All nurses had the goal of ensuring a natural death for all patients. Nurses' acceptance and evaluation of their own care was critically influenced by the patient's family's responses to their care after patients' death. Further research is necessary to develop evaluation criteria and educational programs for end-of-life nursing care of older adults.

이 연구는 영어 매개 수업(EMI) 교실에서 메타언어(metalanguage)의 역할과 그것이 제2언어 습득(SLA)에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. EMI는 주로 내용 학습에 초점을 두지만, 동시에 학습자들이 영어 능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 그러나 EMI 교사들은 언어 교수 전문성이 제한되어 있어 언어적 문제를 효과적으로 다루는 데 어려움을 겪는 경우가 많다. 본 연구는 한국의 고등학교와 대학교 수업을 대상으로 한 교실 관찰과 담화 분석을 통해 EMI 교사들이 사용하는 메타언어의 유형과 기능을 분류하였다. 연구 결과, 교사들은 주로 반기술적(semi-technical) 및 비기술적(non-technical) 메타언어를 사용하며, 이를 선제적으로(preemptively) 활용하기보다는 주로 사후적으로(reactively) 사용하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 학문 분야에 따라 메타언어 사용 방식에도 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 EMI 교사들이 학습자의 이해와 제2언어 습득을 효과적으로 촉진할 수 있도록 언어적 전략을 갖추게 하는 전문성 개발 프로그램의 필요성을 시사한다. 본 연구는 학문 내용 지도와 제2언어 발달 간의 상호작용을 강조함으로써 EMI 교수법 연구에 기여한다.

This study examines the role of metalanguage in English-medium instruction (EMI) classrooms and its implications for second language acquisition (SLA). While EMI primarily focuses on content learning, it also provides opportunities for students to develop their English proficiency. However, EMI teachers often struggle with addressing linguistic issues due to limited language-teaching expertise. Through classroom observations and discourse analysis in high school and university settings in South Korea, this study categorizes the types and functions of metalanguage used by EMI teachers. Findings reveal that teachers predominantly use semi-technical and non-technical metalinguistic terms, often reactively rather than preemptively. Disciplinary differences also shape how metalanguage is employed. These insights highlight the need for professional development programs that equip EMI teachers with effective linguistic strategies to enhance student comprehension and SLA. This study contributes to EMI pedagogy by emphasizing the intersection of disciplinary instruction and second language development.

본 연구는 본사의 통제 방식이 자회사의 음주 및 접대 관행과 재무성과에 미치는 영향을 실증하는데 목적이 있다. 따라서, 중국에서 활동하는 다국적 기업의 자회사로부터 수집한 데이터를 활용하여 구조방정식모형을 통해 통제의 다양한 차원(통제 범위, 통제 초점, 통제 메커니즘)이 가 벼운 음주 및 접대 관행과 과도한 음주 및 접대 관행에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 대부분의 본사 통제 방식은 음주 및 접대 관행에 유 의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 신흥 시장에서 다국적 기업이 채택한 전략적 다양성을 반영하고 있다고 판단된다. 또한, 재 무성과 측면에서는 가벼운 음주 및 과도한 음주 관행 모두 재무성과 개선에 유의미하게 기여하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 글로 벌 비즈니스 환경에서 문화적으로 내재된 관행이 성과 지표와 어떻게 교차하는지에 대한 더욱 정교한 이해를 요구하고 있다.

This study investigates the impact of headquarters (HQs) control configurations on subsidiary drinking entertainment practices and financial performance. Using data collected from multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in China, structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze how various dimensions of control (control extent, control focus, and control mechanisms) affect moderate and heavy drinking entertainment practices. The results show that most HQs control configurations have no significant effect on drinking entertainment practices, reflecting the strategic diversity adopted by MNCs in emerging markets. Additionally, regarding financial performance, the analysis found that neither moderate drinking nor heavy drinking practices significantly contributed to improved financial performance. Such results call for a more sophisticated understanding of how culturally embedded practices intersect with performance indicators in a global business context.

In this paper, I am concerned with three key questions: 1. Why are the values of humility, compassion, and justice so essential and destabilizing in interfaith dialogues, especially in times of peace? 2. Why should teaching interfaith dialogue always provide space for the grievances on all sides from past, present (and possibly) future unrest and conflict? 3. How do interfaith dialogue participants in post-conflict settings balance the desire and need for justice with compassion and humility for one’s self, one’s community, and the community in conflict? To begin to answer these questions, I will first reflect upon the role, limits, and relationships between these three virtues before turning to the aims and goals of teaching these virtues in the context of interfaith dialogue. At issue is whether the failure to embody compassion and humility through interfaith dialogue in times of relative peace and prosperity signal the impossibility or meaninglessness of such dialogue when passions are rife, stakes are high, and vulnerability, rage, and hopelessness abound.

The NNEST movement has acknowledged NNESTs’ shared mother language with learners for instructional and emphatic purposes. This study points out that such contributions are appreciated but should not justify instruction heavily or exclusively given in the L1 in English language classes taught by Korean NNESTs, which is predominantly practiced in Korea’s higher education. To help NNESTs in the EFL setting pedagogically and meet learners’ communicative needs, this study suggests consecutive bilingual instruction (CBI) as an alternative that balances NNESTs’ use of English and the L1 in the classroom. For the experiment, the researcher provided all instructions in English and then in Korean for the same content consecutively in five English language courses for one semester. Data were collected from a post-course survey (N = 104) and two focus group interviews (N = 12) to examine how CBI was perceived by students. Findings show that students’ confidence and proficiency in English increased through the courses, and over 90% thought CBI influenced their improvement moderately to very strongly. CBI was especially effective for beginner learners. NNESTs struggling with the burden of English-only instruction are encouraged to adopt CBI as a medium of instruction to develop themselves pedagogically and benefit students’ learning. Implementation strategies are also suggested.

As a solution to spectrum under-utilization problem, Cognitive radio (CR) introduces a dynamic spectrum access technology. In the area, one of the most important problems is how secondary users (SUs) should choose between the available channels, which means how to achieve load balancing between channels. We consider spectrum load balancing problem for CR system in frequency domain and especially in time domain. Our objective is to balance the load among the channels and balance the occupied time length of slots for a fixed channel dynamically in order to obtain a user-optimal solution. In frequency domain, we refer to Dynamic Noncooperative Scheme with Communication (DNCOOPC) used in distributed system and a distributed Dynamic Spectrum Load Balancing algorithm (DSLB) is formed based on DNCOOPC. In time domain, Spectrum Load Balancing method with QoS support is proposed based on Dynamic Feed Back theory and Hash Table (SLBDH). The performance of DSLB and SLBDH are evaluated. In frequency domain, DSLB is more efficient compared with existing Compare_And_Balance (CAB) algorithm and gets more throughput compared with Spectrum Load Balancing (SLB) algorithm. Also, DSLB is a fair scheme for all devices. In time domain, SLBDH is an efficient and precise solution compared with Spectrum Load Smoothing (SLS) method.

Analysing Go games with AIpowered engines is now common practice among amateur and professional Go players. These engines rely on deep artificial neural networks (ANN) and MonteCarlo tree search (MCTS) to evaluate board positions. For a given ANN, the engine’s accuracy increases with the number of positions evaluated during the tree search, or number of visits (often called the number of playouts). Although more playouts lead to more accurate analyses, the relationship between playouts and engine accuracy has not been fully explored. In this study, we analysed thousands of games from amateur and professional players, using different numbers of playouts per move, ranging from 5 to 15,000. A statistical analysis of the results shows that a constant number of playouts per move leads to varying accuracy during the game (high accuracy during the opening and endgame, low accuracy during the middle game). Quantitative guidelines to choose the number of playouts depending on one’s rank are derived. Looking at AI prediction of human win rate, the playouts needed to reach 99% accuracy are 140 for 1d, 235 for 5d, and 1,500 for 9d Fox players and 5,500 for a 9p professional player.

이 연구는 고등학생과 대학생 학생선수들이 학업과 운동을 병행하면서 겪는 정체성 위기를 조사한 것이다. Noblit & Hare(1988, 1999)의 메타합성 접근법을 활용하여 15명의 학생선수를 대상으로 한 6편의 질적 연구를 분석했다. 연구 결과, 낮은 자율성과 운동 중심 환경에서 성장한 고등학생 선수들은 학업 소외와 정체성 혼란을 겪었고, 이는 대학 진학 후 정체성 재구성을 방해했다. 반면, 대학생 선수들은 학업과 운동의 균형을 통해 자율성을 주장하려 했으나 여전히 진로 불확실성과 심리적 어려움을 경험했 다. 이에 따라 운동 문화 개혁, 학업-운동 병행을 위한 통합 지원 시스템 구축, 발달 단계에 맞춘 진로 탐색 프로그램 확대, 심리적·신체적 지원 체계 강화를 권고한다. 이 연구는 학생선수들의 정체성 위기가 발달 단계와 환경적 요인에 따라 다르게 나타남을 강조하며, 장기적이고 통합적인 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.

This study investigated the identity crisis experienced by high school and collegiate student-athletes as they balance academics and athletics. Using Noblit and Hare's metasynthesis approach, six qualitative studies involving 15 student-athletes were analyzed. The findings revealed that high school student-athletes, operating in a low-autonomy and sports-centered environment, experienced academic marginalization and identity confusion, which hindered their identity reconstruction during college. In contrast, college student-athletes attempted to assert autonomy by balancing academics and athletics but continued to face career uncertainty and psychological challenges. Recommendations include reforming the athletic culture, establishing an integrated support system for academic-athletic balance, expanding career exploration programs tailored to developmental stages, and enhancing psychological and physical support systems. This study highlights how student-athletes’ identity crises vary by developmental stage and environmental factors, underscoring the necessity of a long-term, holistic approach.

중국 민사재판에서 이익형량은 개별 사안의 실질적 정의를 추구하는 동시에, ‘주관적 자의로 일탈할 위험’이라는 규범적 문제에 항상 직면해 있다. 중국이 민법전 시대에 들어 서면서, 이익형량에 관한 이론적 틀과 실무에서 체계적으로 규범화할 필요성이 제기된다. 이익형량은 아무런 제약도 받지 않는 주관적 행위가 아니라, 주관적인 재판 사고를 객관 화하는 합리적 활동으로서, 법의 공백을 보완하고 가치 충돌을 조정하며, ‘문자화된 법’에 서 ‘행동하는 법’으로의 전환을 실현하는 데 핵심적인 기능을 수행해야 한다. 이를 통해 이익형량에서 형식적 합법성과 실질적 합리성의 통일, 개별적 정의와 추상적 정의의 통 일, 사법적 적극성과 사법적 자제의 통일, 재판 사고의 주관성과 객관성의 통일이라는 핵심 목표를 달성할 수 있다. 현행 중국 민사실무에서 이익형량은 세 가지 중대한 어려움에 직면해 있다. 첫째, 전통 적인 친숙한 사회에서 낯선 사회로의 전환으로 인해 가치에 대한 공통된 인식이 약화되 고, 이해관계의 충돌이 첨예화되었다. 둘째, 사법의 전환이 이익형량에 영향을 주고 있는 데, 이는 동일 사안에 대한 상이한 판결이 형량의 효과를 저해하고, 사회적 공공이익의 범주가 과도하게 확장되어 형량의 권위를 약화시키며, 판결 이유 제시의 결여가 형량에 대한 수용성과 정당성을 떨어뜨리는 현상으로 나타난다. 셋째, 신기술의 발전 역시 이익 형량에 새로운 도전을 제기하여, 이익형량의 판단과정과 공정성에 영향을 미치고 있다. 중국민법이 이러한 도전에 대응하기 위해서는 이익형량의 가치성과 타당성을 기초로 삼아야 한다. 가치 차원에서는 사회주의 핵심 가치관을 통해 현대적 가치 합의를 결집하 고, 생명권과 인격적 존엄을 핵심으로 하는 가치의 위계를 구축해야 한다. 또한, 규정 우선의 원칙을 엄격히 준수하면서 법률원칙을 활용해 법질서의 통합성을 확보하고, 판결 이유 제시에서의 논증 의무를 강화해야 한다. 더 나아가 권리 귀속 중심의 사고에서 이익 향유와 위험분배 중심의 사고로 전환하고, 새로운 형태의 사법심사 보조 도구를 활용함으 로써 이익형량의 타당성을 제고하여, 궁극적으로 법적 효과와 사회적 효과의 유기적 통일 을 실현해야 한다.

While pursuing substantial justice in individual cases, the judicial balancing of interests also consistently faces the risk of devolving into subjective arbitrariness. In the era of China’s Civil Code, a systematic framework of standardized theory and practical path for interest balancing should be constructed. Interest balancing is not an unconstrained subjective act but a rational activity that objectifies subjective adjudicative reasoning. It should play a core role in close the legal loopholes, reconciling value conflicts, and realizing the transformation from “law in books” to “law in action.” Consequently, this aims to achieve the core objectives of unification in multiple dimensions of interest balancing, including: formal legality with substantial rationality, individualized justice with abstract justice, judicial activism with judicial restraint, and the subjectification of adjudicative reasoning with objectification of adjudicative reasoning. Currently, interest balancing in Chinese civil law practice faces a trilemma: (1) the transition from a traditional acquaintance society to a stranger society has led to the loss of value consensus and the intensification of conflicts of interest; (2) judicial transformations impact interest balancing, manifesting as inconsistent judgments in similar cases affecting the outcomes of balancing, the generalization of social public interest affecting the authority of balancing, and the lack of reasoning in adjudication affecting the recognition of balancing; emerging technologies also pose challenges to interest balancing, affecting its adjudication and fairness. To address these challenges, the appropriateness of interest balancing should serve as the cornerstone: at the value level, the core socialist values should coalesce modern consensus, constructing a hierarchy of values centered on rights such as the right to life and personal dignity; priority should be given to adhering to rules, applying legal principles to achieve a coherent legal order, and strengthening the duty of reasoning in adjudication; and a shift in mindset from rights attribution to interest enjoyment and risk allocation should be completed. By leveraging new auxiliary tools for judicial review, the appropriateness of interest balancing can be enhanced, ultimately achieving the unity of legal and social outcomes.

司法裁判中的利益衡量在追求个案实质正义的同时, 也始终面临着滑向主观恣意的失 范风险. 在中国民法典时代, 应系统构建一套规范化的利益衡量理论框架与实践路径. 利 益衡量并不是不受约束的主观行为, 而是一种将主观裁判思维客观化的理性活动, 应发挥 其在弥补法律漏洞、调和价值冲突及实现”文本法”向”行动法”转变的核心功能. 由此实 现利益衡量中形式合法性与实质合理性的统一、个案正义与抽象正义的统一、司法能动 与司法克制的统一、裁判思维主观化与客观化的统一等核心目标. 当前中国民法实践中 利益衡量面临三重困境：传统熟人社会向陌生人社会转型, 导致的价值共识丧失与利益 冲突尖锐化；司法转变对利益衡量造成冲击, 表现为同案不同判影响衡量效果, 社会公共 利益泛化影响衡量权威, 裁判说理过程缺失影响衡量认可度；新技术发展也给利益衡量 带来挑战, 影响利益衡量的判断和公正性. 为应对这些挑战, 应当以利益衡量的妥当性为 基石, 在价值层面, 以社会主义核心价值观凝聚现代共识, 构建以生命权、人格尊严等为 核心的价值次序；应恪守规则优先, 运用法律原则以融贯法秩序, 并强化裁判说理的论证 义务；完成从权利归属向利益享有与风险分配的思维转变, 借助新型司法审查辅助工具, 增强利益衡量的妥当性, 最终实现法律效果与社会效果的有机统一.

This paper presents a method to design and control a balancing system and it focus on system modelling and PID controller design. In this system, signals from sensor is being fed to the PID. The proposed PID controller has used to maintain the balancing system at equilibrium. The balancing system has made by means of the single chip Atmega128 microcontroller. Simulations and experimental were performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller system in term of stability, balance and response. Through the simulation research and experiments, it is shown that one direction to development controls the quad-copter.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the proprio-ceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise programs for idio-pathic scoliosis with a female patient in the early 20s in terms of her spi-nal curve and balancing abilities. The study subject was selected among 21-year-old female college students. There were no particular activities that the subject could not perform, but patient complained of difficulty in maintaining the standing position for a prolonged time. Pa-tient chest X-ray results showed S-shaped curves tilted towards the left or right in the lumbar spine, thoracic spine, and cervical spine areas. The PNF exercise programs consists of seven therapeutic exercise programs, including home exercises considering the patients’ balanc-ing abilities, the lateral symmetry of the spinal sway, the distortion, and the height of the pelvis and scapula bones. The programs last for 6 weeks and includes three sessions per week, with each session lasting for 30 min. Before and after the execution of the PNF exercise pro-grams, the subject was monitored for the changes in her spinal sways through chest X-ray tests. Also, using a balance measurement instru-ment, the subject’s static and dynamic balancing abilities were tested. After executing the PNF exercise programs for 6 weeks, the spinal sways of the subject were corrected, and her static and dynamic