Earticle

With the development of contemporary economy, people's demand for living has become diversified, no longer treating housing as a space to provide a rest place, but giving housing social attributes, connecting culture, people and society through housing. In order to meet the needs of residents at the economic level and the residential level as well as the communication level, shared housing in South Korea and China occupies an important position in the rental market. Despite the geographical proximity, there are differences in the spatial composition of shared homes. Moreover, there is very little research on co-living house type of shared housing in the two countries, especially on space composition. Therefore, this paper aims to study co-living houses in shared houses in South Korea and China, and make a comparative study on the spatial layout of co-living houses in South Korea and China, and compare and analyze the differences in spatial layout. It is hoped that this research will be helpful to the future development of shared housing in the two countries. Through case investigation and comparative study, this study selected 10 co-living house cases in Korea and China for comparative analysis, and obtained the spatial composition characteristics of co-living houses in the two countries. Moreover, the shared space proportion of co-living houses in the two countries, the types of programs and services provided by co-living houses are investigated. Based on the survey results of the two countries, the spatial composition types of co-living houses are divided into five types: high-rise type, low-rise type, amphitype, general mixed type and unit type. When constructing co-living houses, the location of shared space can be determined according to the height of the building.

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the spatial composition characteristics of rural youth housing according to policy types. To this end, the characteristics of layout plans, floor plans, elevation and section plans, external spaces, and regional linkage plans were examined for a total of 29 cases, including 13 complexes under the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs project type and 16 complexes under local government project type. The analysis results showed that the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs project model was distinguished by a low-rise, low-density village-style layout, a diverse composition of household types, a rural-friendly landscape, and the integration of community centers with shared spaces for living support. Furthermore, it demonstrated the characteristics of a standard settlement model that supports the long-term settlement of youth by being linked with smart farms, education, and startup support. In contrast, local government-led projects demonstrated high diversity in housing types, scale, number of floors, and layout methods, and were characterized by customized spatial configurations that reflected local conditions and policy objectives. In particular, they actively sought to connect with the local community and establish youth hubs through startup support spaces, shared offices, childcare spaces, and open community areas. In summary, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs' project model is understood as a settlement support model centered on stability and public interest, while the local government's project model is understood as an adaptive model reflecting regional characteristics and flexibility. Therefore, future rural youth housing plans need to develop in a direction that integrates institutional stability with region-specific spatial strategies.

본 연구의 목적은 프랑스 고속철도역 재개발 계획사례를 바탕으로 건축 공간의 특성을 연구하고 국내의 고속철도역의 재개발에 적용 가능한 시사점을 찾고자 한다. 국내의 도심지에 위치한 현존하는 고속철도역의 재개발계획은 예측 가능한 가까운 미래에 필요로 하며 단일 교통기능의 건축물에서 벗어나 도시적 관점에서 역세권 개발계획이 총체적으로 계획되어야한다. 프랑스의 Nice, Rennes, Nantes역을 선정하여 2000년대 이후의 철도역세권 개발계획 사례를 분석하였다. 프랑스 고속철도역 재개발은 철도역사라는 단일공간에서 벗어나 복합운송연계공간의 개발로 거시적인 관점에서 디자인 전략을 수립하고 있다. 고속철도역을 접근하는 여행객의 이동 수단의 변화에 따라 도보중심의 환승연계공간에 대한 연구이다. 이용객의 흐름에 대한 데이터를 기반으로 총괄적인 계획을 수립하고 여행객의 서비스 및 이동공간, 상업공간, 환승연계공간, 역무관리공간으로 구분하여 특성을 도출하였다.

The purpose of this study is to understand the architectural characteristics based on the case of the high-speed railway station redevelopment plan in France and to find out applicable implications in Korea. The redevelopment plan of the high-speed railway station existing in the downtown area of Korea is expected to be implemented in the near future and it should be approached from a total urban perspective away from a point of view as a single traffic function. The cases of Nice, Rennes and Nantes in France are selected to analyze the redevelopment plans of the hig-speed railway station areas since the 2000s. The focus of the French high-speed railway station redevelopment plan is expanding its role as a multimodal transport linkage space and approaching from an urban perspective. It is a study on the interconnection space according to the increase of the number of travelers approaching the high-speed railway station on foot. Based on the data on the flow of travelers, the characteristics of each space are derived by dividing it into the service and transportation space of tourists, commercial space, transit connection space, and service management space.

This study is purposed to analyze the architectural characteristics of spatial composition in mixed-use buildings located at Busan, Ulsan and Gyoung Nam area. Consequently, several conclusions are as follows : The stories of mixed-use buildings in this study ranged from the highest sixty floors to the lowest twenty-four floors. And most of them actually utilized the underground space from third floor to seventh floor. The analysis shows that most of buildings are developed not only commercial area but also aesthetic zone. Therefore mixed-use buildings play important part of urban reconstruction including aesthetic utilizing. In mixed-use buildings, commercial and public space is located in lower floor, and residential space in higher floor. The analysis shows that there are a few case of office and business purpose, but healthy, education, research purpose are sprightly introduced to mixed-use buildings. Therefore It is analyzed that mixed-use buildings accommodate various functional purpose in now than only one purpose including residential, commercial facilities in past. ·······························································

Today, When Intermodal Transit Center(ITC) is appeared for the urbanistic central function and combining the transit transfer function. Between these two combination of problems, it is concluded to the problem about the method of the intermediate-zone. Presently, Examine about the problem with the urban space which is appeared in the ITC of the Railroad Station Oriented in Korea, comparing with foreign countries, Korea just focused on the commercial development. Therefore, bring in 'method of the intermediate-zone' as the element of the integration. So this study will pays attention to the Mixed- use Development of the ITC of the Railroad Station Oriented to Japan as the learning model. we can review for characteristice of the intermediate-zone appear in Mixed-use Development with these case study. On the base of this study, it can contribute to the development policy for the urbanism integration with the ITC in Korea. and also it can be in charge of the reference the role.

최근 청소년 관련 정책이 변화하면서 생활권 수련시설은 진로프로그램, 취미 프로그램 외에 학교폭력과 관련된 힐링 캠프, 학업중단과 관련된 상담 및 교육의 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 그러나 여전히 청소년의 요구변화 및 사회적 변화에 충분히 대응하고 있지 못한 실정이다. 한편 지역주민의 청소년 수련시설 이용 요구도 중요한 변화요인으로 작용하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 생활권 청소년수련시설의 시설현황 및 배치, 프로그램 및 공간구성의 특성 분석을 실시하여 바람직한 청소년수련시설의 계획방향 설정의 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 생활권 수련시설의 배치계획에서 보행자와 차량 동선이 혼재되던 계획에서 분리되는 계획으로 변화하고 있다. 이는 최근 공급되는 시설에서 지하주차장이 제공되거나 보행 접근이 중요하게 인식되었기 때문으로 보인다. 둘째, 현재 주출입 로비 공간은 안내 및 커뮤니티 형성의 장소가 아니라 이동 및 관리를 위한 공간으로 사용되고 있다. 다양한 계층의 이용자를 고려하지 못한 결과로 보인다. 셋째, 최근 개관된 수련시설에서는 교육 및 문화부문이 증가되고 체육부문이 감소되고 있다. 이는 학교폭력 및 학업중단과 관련된 새로운 프로그램 요구에 따른 변화이다.

The recent changes in the policies regarding the youth alter youth facilities to include new healing camps for the school violence victims and counseling programs for school dropouts as well as conventional career development or hobby programs. However, these changes are not enough to respond to the current social needs regarding the youth. In additions, general residents start to request to use the youth facilities. In this research, we examine and analyze the status, layouts, space composition and various programs of the youth facilities, in order to provide basic data useful for developing desirable architectural plans of the youth facilities. In this research we observed the followings. First, they start to separate the past intermingled lines of flows for cars and pedestrians. This is because they recently build more underground parking spaces in the facilities than before and they become to recognize the importance of the safety and accessibility of the pedestrians. Second, the main lobbies of the facilities are mainly used for passages, not for information centers neither social spaces. This is because they failed to consider the various usages of the space. Third, in the newly opened facilities, we find more spaces for the education and culture, and less for the sports. This is because they begin to provide new programs for the school violence victims and the school dropouts.

This study is the one to improve the national sense and to settle the sound funeral culture relative to supply of the funeral facilities as per the cremation demand being rapidly increased. The necessity to study the space plan, which Korean can friendly receive, has been recognized considering the emotional difference between domestic and overseas, being free from introduction of the rude foreign cases. Therefore, it is purposed to propose the Korean-style space composition through the space analysis of the cases of domestic/overseas facilities.

This study analyzed the characteristics of traditional department stores and focused on the changes observed in department stores opened after 2020. Traditional department stores have evolved by adopting a unifying appearance and efficient interior layout strategies to enhance their corporate image and maximize sales. Strategies such as CI, SI, and VMD have resulted in department stores having similar appearances across different companies, with most stores adopting an enclosed layout and shared spaces having limited significance. Furthermore, an analytical framework was applied to examine the spatial and functional aspects of department stores across different eras and identify common characteristics among companies. Examining four department stores opened after 2020 as case studies revealed significant changes in the spatial configuration of department stores. They have moved away from a unified appearance and adopted unique exteriors. Moreover, they have deviated from efficient interior layouts and incorporated inefficient circulation paths and wider corridors. These stores have also allocated more than half of thenoperating areas to rest and exhibition spaces, introducing new approaches. As a result, neutral spaces within the department stores now serve various functions such as relaxation, exhibition, experience, and education. This transformation has shifted the focus of department stores from a single purpose of shopping to providing diverse experiences. With changes in exterior and interior configurations and the emergence of new programs, department stores now have the opportunity to establish a sense of place identity that was previously absent in their uniform appearances and layouts.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the planning characteristics in Complexes of Small Schools. The findings of the study follow: (1) Common areas and private areas are planned hieratically for enhancing facility users' social contacts. (2) Teacher's area is located within each component school. Teachers can focus on the education for students within a small school community. (3) The selection of floor plan types and the vertical composition of component schools affect Intelligibility of spaces, which is related to the enhancement of facility users' social contacts.

The importance of urban regeneration is emphasized and the introduction of living SOC facilities is expanding, and among them, the Oulim Center is a building with complex functions such as revitalizing the resident community and community, resident physical education and culture, welfare, leisure, start-up support or social welfare-related facilities, and urban regeneration support centers. However, even after the life SOC project is completed, the question of whether the Oulim Center can provide the necessary services within the community is raised, and in this study, the space utilization after analyzing the complex space composition of the Oulim Center is also examined. The scope of the study was selected for the Oulim Center in Gyeonggi-do, and in this paper, the space type of the Oulim Center was analyzed, and the future development potential was explored through space utilization from a sustainable perspective. As a result of the study, it was found that the foil Oulim Center was suitable for youth job start-ups and start-ups, the Dongtan Central Oulim Center was complexed around a healthy life, and the Mokgam Oulim Center was found to be for intergenerational integration. It was found that the Oulim Center requires collaboration and support from various stakeholders for continuous operation, and continuous improvement and maintenance are needed in terms of space utilization.

조선 초기의 교육제도는 지방의 향교, 중앙의 사부학당, 성균관으로 이루어지는 관학이 중심이었다. 그러나 고려 말부터 대두하기 시작한 소규모 서재의 사학도 인정되었으며 국가에서 그러한 사학을 장려하기도 했다. 2019년 7월 '한국의 서원(Seowon, Korean Neo-Confucian Academies)'이 유네스코 세계유산에 등재되었다. 유네스코에 등재된 서원은 9곳이며 紹修書院(경북 영주), 玉山書院(경북 경주), 陶山書院(경북 안동), 屛山書院(경북 안동), 道東書院(대구 달성), 灆溪書院(경남 함양), 武城書院(전북 정읍), 筆巖書院(전남 장성), 遯巖書院(충남 논산)이 세계문화유산으로 등재된 것이다. 이로서 우리나라는 14개의 세계유산을 보유하게 되었다. 유네스코는 한국 성리학의 문화적 역사적 증거로서 서원이 지닌 탁월하고 보편적 가치를 인정한 것이다. 경상북도 청도군에 있는 탁영 김일손 생가로 알려진 자계서원을 중심으로 지리적 특성과 서원의 공간구성을 분석하였다. 자계서원은 대원군 때 훼철되었으나 탁영선생의 학풍을 이어가고자 인근 지역의 유림과 후학들의 노력으로 서원을 유지할 수 있었던 것은 조선 유학의 정통을 계승하였음을 알 수 있다. 오늘날 자계서원은 입지와 경관, 그리고 건축에서 한국서원을 대표하는 서원 중 하나로 평가받고 있다. 한국 서원을 대표한다는 의미는 서원의 지리적 입지나 서원의 공간구성 및 건축양식에서의 전형성뿐만 아니라 그 내용적 섬세함도 포함된다. 풍수지리사상은 기본적인 삶을 살아갈 수 있도록 한 天氣 ∙ 地氣 ∙ 大氣를 바탕으로 한 것이다. 따라서 풍수지리학은 사람의 생명을 유지하기 위한 근원적 주체 학문이라 할 수 있다. 이는 정주공간(堂)에 좋은 에너지(氣)를 받고 地氣가 전달되어 좋은 양기가 모이는 곳이다. 따라서 陽宅의 입지로는 물과 먹거리를 쉽게 얻을 수 있고 자연의 위험으로부터 보호받을 수 있는 안전한 ‘藏風得水’지를 말한다. 본 연구에서는 탁영선생의 생애와 자계서원을 風水地理學的으로 분석함으로써 陽宅의 입지와 정주공간의 중요성을 살펴보고자 한다. 첫째, 자계서원이 있는 뒤 주산(구릉지)은 낮으면서도 서원을 감싸 안은 형국을 하고 있어서 외부로부터 삭풍을 잘 막아주고 있다. 또한 앞에는 청도천이 서쪽에서 동쪽으로 흐르고 뒤에는 산이 잘 감싸고 있어서 풍수지리학적으로 배산임수 터다. 자계서원을 지리적 특성으로 분석해 보면, 조종산으로부터 주산에 이르기까지 龍脈의 연결이 좋고 높은 곳에서 낮은 곳으로 이어지는 脈은 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 案山의 照應과 水勢도 합당하여 풍수지리 조건이 좋은 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 서원 건물의 배치와 구조적 공간구성은 주 건물인 보인당이 主山이 되고 동재(운계정사)가 靑龍, 서재가 白虎, 영귀루가 案山이 된다. 따라서 풍수적으로 四神砂의 특성이 잘 적용된 건물로 주산격인 보인당이 가장 높은 곳에 위치하고 있고, 동재와 서재가 조금 낮은 곳에서 보인당을 보필하고 있으며, 안산격인 영귀루가 보인당을 마주보는 앞쪽에서 배치되어 있다. 서원 공간의 中央에 보인당을 배치함으로써 건물구조, 즉 家狀에 의한 主山 案山 靑龍 白虎가 風水地理 이론에 맞게 설계하여 건축하였음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 風水地理的으로 자계서원의 입지와 정주공간에 대한 분석을 통하여 서원의 입지 선택이나 각 전각의 구조적인 특성으로 볼 때, 보인당을 중심으로...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of architectural ideology and characteristics of spatial composition between Moisei Ginzburg's Narkomfin communal house and Le Corbusier's Unite d'Habitation. Narkomfin communal house and Unite d'Habitation is considered as example of experiment to construct ideal community housing model. Moisei Ginzburg designed Narkomfin communal house to make typical housing model for socialist city. Meanwhile, Le Corbusier is considered as a leader of modern functionalism architecture. His Unite d'Habitation in Marseille is important experiment for housing model in modern period. Unite d'Habitation is known to be affected by Narkomfin communal house in terms of architectural ideology and its spatial composition. This study focuses on comparative analysis between Narkomfin communal house and Unite d'Habitation through drawings, pictures and various literatures. Narkomfin communal house and Unite d'Habitation have common ideology to realize ideal community housing model. Moreover, both of them have considerable similarities in their spatial composition. First of all, unit housing of Narkomfin and Unite d'Habitation are maisonette type. Secondly, both of them have unique system that one corridor serve two of housing unit. Also, both have common facility such as laundry, childcare which is connected with their housing.

본 연구는 옥산서원의 입지 및 공간구성의 특성을 풍수의 관점에서 살펴보았다. 그 결과 옥산서원의 입지는 전체적으로 풍수적 길지에 해당되었다. 구체적으로, 풍수의 길격 요건을 갖춘 내룡이 서원 영역으로 이어져 와 멈춘 풍수적 혈에 강당이 정확히 자리해 있다. 주변 산줄기 또한 서원 영역을 바람의 피해로부터 막아주고 있으며, 옥산천 물길은 그 형태 및 역수의 측면에서 길한 요건을 갖추고 있다. 옥산서원 공간구성의 특징은 밀폐된 건물배치이며, 그것은 무변루의 내부지향적인 구조에 기인한다. 무변루의 내부지향적 구조의 원인은 크게 세 가지이며, 그것은 회재의 학문에 대한 열정과 은거관이 무변루의 폐쇄적 구조로 재현된 점, 세심대가 서원 영역과 인접해 있는 점, 서원 영역과 옥산천 건너 대안의 표고 차에 따른 바람의 피해를 막기 위한 점으로 요약된다.

The cultural tendency based on sharing and cooperation, which has recently been a hot issue, accelerates throughout the world. This study began with a perception that a sharing culture is inherent in urban public spaces. This study aims to conduct a theoretical study of the sharing culture and to analyze the characteristics of the design composition of public spaces. This study selected squares in 16 European cities as cases for analysis. The results are summarized as follows:1)To analyze the design characteristics of public spaces in which a sharing culture is inherent, this study drew the shape and type of planes and sharing elements such as accessibility, symbolism and activity with the squares in the cases. 2)The shape of planes in the squares in the cases has been formed in close relations with the historic meaning and events of the area and the process of the construction of buildings surrounding the square. The squares in the cases were classified into seven plane types, and these squares have developmentally contributed to the formation of a sharing culture as a place for free participation and communication concerning social issues. 3)In the squares in the cases, the weight of road-centered access appears high, and in terms of the construction of human-friendly / environment-friendly infrastructure in the city or judging from the trend of the recent increase of pedestrian-centered plans for public space, it is judged that approaches with a high utilization rate of sidewalk or public transportation would be desirable. 4)Symbolic elements of the square become a device by which citizens can share the historic symbolism, along with artistic inspiration. In addition, by serving as an observatory from which people can take a view of the landscape of the city, it allows visual sharing of the entire city as well as the square. 5)A square is common pool resources in the community, and it is necessary to vitalize that in a direction of increasing the possibility of sharing, through the characteristics and methods of the composition of public design.

The spatial separation of male's and female's area due to the law of 'Naeoei' is one of the trademark features of residence by the building principle of 'Confucianism' in the upper class house in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. Thanks to modernized agriculture and commerce, the residence of 'Sinheung-Yangban' developed. And they were influenced by the economic and living characteristics than traditional custom. So the residence of 'Sinheung-Yangban' is very important in terms of the course of modernizing of the korean traditional residence. Researcher figures out the influences of the law of 'Naeoei' in residence and the characteristics of male's and female's field in terms of daily life with investigating the residence of 'Sinheung-Yangban' as the upper class house in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. Through this, the goal of this study is to find the properties of male's and female's field of upper class houses in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. With this study, the followings are the characteristics of male's and female's spatial composition of upper class houses in Gyong-gi Province in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. First, the traditional law of 'Naeoei' plays a primary role as the principle of building of upper class houses in Gyong-gi Province in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. With a natural result, there is a clear spatial separation as the male's and female's social role. Second, 'An-Chae' and 'Sarang-Chae' as male's and female's living space are separated physically, but real living life tends to be syntagmatically made with 'An-Madang' as the center. Third, spatial integration of 'An-Madang' as the center results in the development of architectural connection factors of 'An-Chae' and 'BaKat-Chae' adjoining 'An-Madang', facing 'Toei-Gan', 'Maru', and 'door'. Forth, the boundary of male's and female's areas is relatively clear between dwellers and visitors, but on the other hand, the separation of male's and female's spaces between family members has little significance.

본 연구는 미스 반 데어 로에의 일리노이 공과대학 캠퍼스(1339-1359)의 구성과 공간적 특성을 분석하는 것을 주제로 한다. 미스의 건축에 대한 연구가 "보편적 공간"이나 구조적 합리성 등 단일 건축물에 치중되어 왔다면 IIT 캠퍼스는 여러 동의 건물로 공공 공간을 구성한 단지계획이라는 점이 연구의 동기라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 미스의 기존 작품들과의 연관성을 도출하고 IIT 캠퍼스의 계획의도를 분석하기 위해 미스가 그린 스케치, 배치도, 투시도 등을 분석하였다. 그리하여 도출한 결론은, 첫째 미스는 단순한 형태의 선형건물을 공공 공간을 규정하는 벽처럼 사용하여 "흐르는 공간"을 캠퍼스 전반에 구현하였다. 둘째, IIT 캠퍼스는 그 자체로 도시 공간의 한 일부분으로서 통합되는 "중립적 프레임"이 되었다. 셋째, 캠퍼스의 내부에는 학생들을 위해 외부의 혼잡함으로부터 보호받으며 조용한 안정감을 주는 동시에 주변 공간과 연속되고 개방된 공공 공간을 만들었다.

This study examined the composition and spatial characteristics of the Illinois Institute of Technology (1939-1959) campus by Mies van der Rohe. Studies of the Mies' architecture has been focused mostly on "universal space", structural rationality for a single building. Therefore, it is interesting to study an IIT campus through which Mies composed public space dealing with several buildings together. To determine the relationships with his previous works and the design intentions for IIT campus, this paper studied his preliminary sketches, perspective drawings etc.. By doing so, the paper presents the following conclusions. First, Mies composed the IIT campus with simple linear buildings as walls to create the "flowing space" through the campus. Secondly, the IIT campus could become the "neutral frame" integrating the campus with urban space. Third, Mies also created an open, continuous public space in the center of the campus that allows protective, quiet seclusion for the students.