Earticle

In recent years, embedded systems have become so complex and the development time to market is required to be shorter than before. As embedded systems include more functions for new services, embedded software gradually grow in size, and development costs and time are increasing. In order to overcome this serious matter, we need a customized design and test technique for embedded software. In this paper, we present a software architecture style for embedded software. It facilitates the composition of reusable functions and helps developers to reduce development time. Because the costs associated with revealing errors of embedded software in applications are rising. we propose a test method and tools for target environments.

본 연구는 SW 테스팅 능력을 검정하는 국가공인 CSTS 일반등급 민간자격의 검정문항을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 2020년부터 2021년까지 2년 동안 8회에 걸쳐 총 1,556명이 응시한 검정문항 중 4지선다형과 진 위형 총 480문항을 분석대상으로 하였다. 분석은 고전검사이론과 문항반응이론을 적용하여 난이도, 변별도와 추측도를 추정하였으며, 연도 간 비교와 문항에 부여된 난이도를 바탕으로 분류하여 분석한 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연도와 일부 검정회차 간 취득점수의 차이가 존재하여 검정난이도의 일관성이 부분적으로 유지되 지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 문항난이도를 추정한 결과 CSTS 일반등급 자격은 전반적으로 쉬운 문 항으로 구성되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 일부 문항은 문항에 부여된 난이도와 상반되는 난이도 지수가 추정되고 있어 개선이 필요함을 확인하였다. 셋째, 문항변별도를 추정한 결과 낮은 변별력을 보이는 문항들이 일부 존재함을 확인하였으며, 문항에 부여된 난이도가 낮은 경우 변별도가 낮은 문항의 비율이 적은 것으로 나 타났다. 넷째, 문항추측도를 추정한 결과 기준 이상의 추측도를 보이는 문항이 분류되었으며, 문항에 부여된 난 이도를 기준으로 하였을 때 두 검사이론 간 상반되는 차이를 나타냈다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 문항에 부여된 난 이도와 상반되는 문항난이도 지수가 추정된 문항과 낮은 문항변별도 지수를 나타낸 문항, 그리고 높은 추측도 지수를 나타낸 문항에 대하여 우선적인 난이도의 조정, 내용전문가 참여를 통한 문항 내용의 검토와 개선이 필 요하며, 자격제도 관리․운영 절차에 검사이론을 바탕으로 하는 문항과 검사에 대한 분석과 개선의 과정이 내재 화되어야 함을 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the test items of the nationally authorized CSTS private qualification that tests SW testing ability. A total of 480 items were analyzed among the test items that a total of 1,556 people took 8 times over two years from 2020. Item difficulty, discrimination, and guessing were estimated by applying classical test theory and item response theory, First result of the research, the consistency of difficulty was not maintained in the scores obtained between years and between sessions. Second, as a result of estimating the item difficulty, it was composed of easy items overall, but the year 2020 showed a higher difficulty. Also, some items had an item difficulty index contrary to the difficulty assigned to the item. Third, as a result of estimating the item discrimination, it was confirmed that there were some items with low item discrimination, and in the case of items with low difficulty, the proportion of items with low discrimination was the smallest. Fourth, as a result of estimating the item guessing, some high-guessing items were classified, and when examined based on the difficulty assigned to the item, the two test theories showed opposite differences. Based on the results, items with the opposite difficulty, low item discrimination, and high guessing items should be reviewed and improved through the participation of subject matter experts.

디지털 전환(digital transformation)이 가속화되어감에 따라 국내를 비롯한 국제 경제, 사회 전반의 변화에 영향을 미치고 있으며 기술변화의 중심에는 SW가 있다. SW는 지적 노동의 결과물로서 인력의 전문성에 의해 좌우되기 때문에, SW 품질의 확보를 위해서는 인력의 능력에 대한 검증이 필요하며 자격 제도는 이를 위한 효과적인 수단이다. SW 테스트 전문가(CSTS) 자격은 ’08년도부터 시행된 SW 테스 트 지식, 기술 능력을 평가하는 국내 유일 자격으로서 본 연구에서는 SW 테스트 전문가(CSTS) 자격의 시험결과에 영향을 미치는 요인은 무엇인지 탐색하였다. 이를 위해, 2018~2019년도 자격시험 응시자 907명의 결과를 활용하였으며, SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 활용 t검정, ANOVA, 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석 을 하였다. 분석결과 응시년도와 응시자 특성 중 연령, 학력, 경력에 따라 시험점수에 유의한 차이를 나 타냈으며, 자격시험에 응시하기 전 교육에 참여하는 것은 합격률을 높이는 데 유의한 효과가 있음을 확 인하였다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 SW 테스트 전문가(CSTS) 자격이 인력의 능력을 충분히 담보할 수 있 는 전문기술 자격으로 거듭나기 위하여 문항 단위 분석을 통한 자격제도의 운영, 현장 중심 교육훈련의 자격시험 전․후 제공, (전문)대학 등 정규교육 과정에 SW 테스트 교육의 확대 및 지역 SW 산업인력 육성 강화 필요성을 제언하였다.

As digital transformation is accelerating, the software is at the center of technological change. the software is the result of intellectual labor, it is necessary to verify the capabilities of human resources to secure software quality, and the qualification system is an effective means for this. The certified software test specialist(CSTS) is the only qualification in South Korea that evaluates software test competency, which has been developed since 2008. In this study, we explored what factors affect the qualification exam results. To this end, the results of 907 applicants for the 2018-2019 qualification exams were utilized, and t-test, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS program. The analysis showed significant differences in scores according to age, academic background, and experience among the applicants' characteristics, and confirmed that participating in education had a significant effect. Based on the results, to transform the CSTS into a specialized technical qualification exam that can sufficiently secure the capabilities of the human resource, the qualification system is operated through the analysis of each item, and the education needs to be served. Also, it is suggested that the necessity of fostering local software testing human resources and reinforcing the expertise of academic students.

본 논문은 게임 소프트웨어 프로세스 중에서 분석 및 설계 단계의 산출물 중 시퀀스 다이어그램과 OCL 컨트랙트 명세를 기반으로 하여 테스트 모델을 생성하고 생성된 모델을 기반으로 하여 테스트 케이스를 생성하는 기법을 제안 한다. 생성된 테스트 케이스는 테스트 수행뿐만 아니라 테스트 자동화를 위하여 생성하는 테스트 드라이버 작성시 활 용 가능하다.

Interoperability test is to check how those components collaborate each other in real environment not in the development environment. Therefore, the research on the inter-operability is crucially important. In this paper, a new technique is proposed for generating a test case which is necessary for checking the inter-operability of the components in the component-based software.

본 연구는 소프트웨어의 시험 평가에 있어 품질 특성에 대한 가중치를 적용하는 방법을 연구한 것이다. 가중치 적용방안은 시험성적서의 텍스트를 분석해서 텍스트의 빈도에 따른 비율을 소프트웨어 시험 성적의 품질 특성에 대한 가중치로 활용한다. 본 연구의 결과에 대한 타당성 검토는 개발자와 사용자를 중심으로 소프트웨어의 중요도를 평가하 게 한 설문조사의 결과와 텍스트 분석의 빈도분석 결과를 비교해서 검토했다. ISO/IEC 25023에서 제시한 8가지 품질 특성을 기반으로 품질을 측정할 경우 동일한 가중치를 적용해서 소프트웨어 품질을 평가하는 것에 비하여 본 연구의 결과는 소프트웨어 특성을 고려한 소프트웨어 품질 측정 결과이므로 소프트웨 어 시험 평가에 대한 품질 측정의 타당성이 높아진다고 할 수 있다.

This study is to study a method of applying weights for quality characteristics in software test evaluation. The weight application method analyzes the text of the test report and uses the ratio according to the frequency of the text as a weight for the quality characteristics of the software test score. The feasibility review of the results of this study was conducted by comparing the results of the questionnaire survey, which made the developers and users to evaluate the importance of software, and the results of the frequency analysis of text analysis. When measuring quality based on the eight quality characteristics presented in ISO/IEC 25023, the result of this study is the software quality measurement result considering software characteristics, whereas the result of this study is the software quality measurement result by applying the same weight when measuring quality.

This study attempts to derive critical success factors and prioritize activities for implementing the automation of software test. Software testing proceeds in five steps of test plan, test case design, test scripting & test environment setup, test execution & evaluation, and test closure. From the literature, twenty influence factors in the five steps were identified. Focus Group Interviews with ten experts in software testing selected fourteen factors on the basis of importance and feasibility. Some factors were further divided to clarify their meanings and the number of influence factors finally became twenty one. A survey on the influence factors was conducted with 75 IT professionals. An importance-feasibility analysis was applied to the survey responses and classified the influence factors into four groups of essential factors, critical factors, low priority factors, and minimal factors. Essential factors include objectives for test automation, strategies for test automation, test automation training, test automation education, setting up test automation environment, setting up test environment, test automation tool selection. Critical factors include management's continued support, management's continued interest, role of automation engineers, and skills of automation engineers. This result suggests that a lot of efforts should be put into SW test plan for the successful SW test automation and SW automation should proceed in consideration with the priorities and resource consumption.

국가첨단전략기술은 반도체, 이차전지, 방위산업, 첨단소재 등 국가 경쟁력과 직결되는 자산 으로, 기술 유출 위협이 심화됨에 따라 보안성 검증의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 기존 대 응은 제도적 규제 중심에 머물러 실제 보안시스템 소프트웨어의 사전 검증 체계는 미흡하다. 본 연구는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 보안시스템 소프트웨어 테스트 시나리오의 평가체계를 구 축하고, 델파이(Delphi)와 계층적분석기법(AHP)을 활용해 항목의 타당성과 상대적 중요도를 검 증하였다. 연구 결과, 상위 영역에서는 ‘시나리오 구조 타당성’과 ‘위협 기반 대응성’이 높은 중요 도를 보였으며, 세부 항목에서는 ‘시나리오 단계구성의 논리성’과 ‘위협 시나리오 구성의 현실성’ 이 핵심 요인으로 도출되었다. 이는 구조적 완성도와 위협 대응 현실성이 보안성 평가의 핵심 기 준임을 시사한다. 본 연구는 정량화된 평가체계를 제시함으로써 학술적 토대를 확장하고, 실무 적 활용 가능성과 정책적 기여 가능성을 동시에 확보한 점에서 실무적 의의가 있다.

National core strategic technologies, such as semiconductors, secondary batteries, defense systems, and advanced materials, face increasing risks of technology leakage, highlighting the need for reliable security verification. However, current measures remain regulationcentered and lack systematic pre-verification of protective software. This study proposes an evaluation framework for security system software test scenarios and validates its indicators using the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that “Scenario Structural Validity” and “Threat-Response Effectiveness” are the most critical domains, while “Logical Structure of Scenario Phases” and “Realism of Threat Scenarios” emerged as key factors. These findings suggest that structural completeness and realistic threat modeling are essential criteria in security evaluations. By presenting a quantitative, weight-based framework, this study provides both academic contributions and practical implications for technology protection policy and practice.

요즘 많은 사람들이 소프트웨어에 대한 관심이 높아졌다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 품질 평가를 위한 테스트 데이터 분석을 실시하였다. 데이터를 ISO/IEC 9126-2를 기반으로 하여 6가지 품질 특성, 즉 기능성, 신뢰성, 사용성, 유지보수성, 이식성, 효율성적인 측면에서 테스트 데이터를 분류하여 오류발생 빈도에 대한 차이분석을 실시한 결과 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 소프트웨어를 테스트 하는데 소요되는 시험횟수와 시험날짜도 소프트웨어 종류에 따라서 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 각 품질 특성별 테스트 결과를 시험 일수를 예측할 수 있는 융합기술로 이용하기 위해서 회귀분석을 이용해서 가장 영향을 미치는 변인을 조사한 결과 기능성과 효율성이 영향을 미치는 변인으로 조사되었다.

Many people are interesting software quality. Because of, we depend on software in our life. In terms of, I think, good software is a good quality software. So, when we develop the software, we need trying to improve software quality. In this paper, we analyze software test data. We emphasize that software quality is very important in our life. We use software experimental data, in order to analyze of software quality. On the basis of ISO/IEC 9126-2, we classify the test data and we analyze the difference of error frequency according to functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, portability. We analyze the number of test and used time according software type. We want to search effect variable, going through testing result and measurement convergence, we know the effect variable of functionality and efficiency.

본 논문에서는 정지궤도위성신호분석을 수행하는 정지궤도위성신호 수신분석 도구모델, 정지궤도위성 항법 메시지 분석을 수행하 는 정지궤도 메시지 분석도구 모델로 구성된 위성통신국의 운용시험평가 도구의 모델링과 구현결과를 기술한다. 또한, 이러한 위성 통신국의 운용시험평가 도구에 시뮬레이션된 신호를 생성하여 제공할 수 있는 GEO위성과 위성통신국의 소프트웨어 모델의 일부를 소프트웨어적으로 모델링하고 구현한 결과를 기술하였다.

In this paper, the modeling and implementation results of the operational test and evaluation tool of the KASS up-link station composed of the GEO(Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellite signal analysis tool model that analyzes the GEO satellite signal and the GEO message analysis tool model that analyzes the GEO satellite navigation message. In addition, we describe the results of software modeling and implementation of some software models of GEO satellite and KASS up-link stations that can generate and provide simulated signals to operational test and evaluation tools of these KASS up-link stations.

운전면허시험을 응시하는 사람들은 면허취소 등으로 재시험을 보는 사람들도 있지만, 대부분 자동차를 운전하기 위해 최초로 운전을 배워 시험을 응시하는 사람들이 대부분이다. 자동차 운전은 생명과 직결되는 것으로 초기의 정확한 운전습관이 무엇보다 중요하다. 특히 사회에 첫 진출을 하면서 운전면허를 취득하는 사람들이 많기 때문에 처음 운전을 배울 때 객관적이고 공정한 기준에 의해 올바른 운전능력을 평가받아 면허를 취득하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문을 통해 구현하고자하는 시스템은 효율적이면서도 공정하고 정확한 자동화 채점을 통해 양질의 운전자를 배출할 수 있는 S/W 설계 및 주요 기능들에 대해 고찰, 제안하였다. 이를 통해 자동채점 운전면허 시스템 개선을 제안하여, 교통사고를 예방하고 올바른 운전을 통해 교통사고를 줄이는데 목적이 있다.

Some people who take a driver's license test retake it again because of license cancellation, but most of them take the test for the first time to drive the car. Driving a car is directly linked to life, and the initial correct driving habits are more important than anything else. In particular, it is very important to obtain a license by evaluating the correct driving ability based on objective and fair standards when learning the first driving, because many people acquire a driving license while entering the society for the first time. In this paper, we propose the S / W design and its main functions that can emit high quality drivers through efficient, fair and accurate automated scoring. Through this, it is proposed to improve the automatic grading driver's license system, to prevent traffic accidents, and to reduce traffic accidents through proper driving.

This paper introduced formal method as a new method to evaluate the reliability of software that has been developed. By using a mathematical notation called formal specification, this evaluation method describes the characteristics and functions of system that includes software or hardware and proves what can be proved using a proving technique. It can give a clearer answer than other techniques because it guarantees completeness, correctness, and consistency, which are the general characteristics of math, and evaluates reliability by mathematical technique. Since it is difficult to express a mathematical notation in a UI, a framework was developed by using it to show the measured results on a screen like other general software. This framework was named FMTF (Formal Method Test Framework) and was made to test the program of general web development. For the performance experiment of FMTF system, the parallel test, loop test, conditional branch perform test, time control test, etc. of web program were experimented. According to the measurement result, the reliability was low in the beginning of project due to many factors such as analysis design but gradually improved by error correction and debugging. By suggesting a guide on how to correct what errors, the paper could also provide a method to improve reliability.

Since open platforms such as Android vary in device manufacturers and application developers, modifications in software happened in multiple layers. Therefore, every layer including OS, library, framework and application may have defects within. Especially, a memory leakage which increases memory usage and diminish overall system performance is the key issue in embedded systems with highly limited resources. In this paper, we suggest a technique that detects memory leakage by gathering memory execution information in run-time via PCB hooking and apply this technique to actual Android smartphones. The suggested technique does not require a target source code and any hardware changes for memory leakage detection, and it is characterized by maintaining the same target runtime status even in detecting while minimizing performance overhead simultaneously. We implemented an automated tool of this technique for Android Smartphone, and show that it is effective.

An Integrated Medical Information System (IMIS) requires continuous customization to cope with periodic government notifications, changes in customer needs, and changing customer preferences. These systems are also modified as part of internationalization efforts. An IMIS should adhere to these situations while retaining its ability to charge medical expenses to patients and to the National Health Insurance Corporation. It should also deal with medical information such as prescriptions, medical images or videos in a manner that avoids minor defects which can lead to legal battles. Thorough testing is therefore very important. However, it is not easy to standardize medical processes, and much tailoring of IMISs has been done as a result. Moreover, new notifications should be reflected in customized IMISs operating in the hospitals within one week. It is known that sufficient testing of these systems has not been carried out. Therefore, this paper describes observations and an examination of the improvements of the test capability of such a system at a SME-level company. The assessments use a lightweight test process based on the test capability level of the company.

Software test data generation is an important part of software testing. This paper presents a multi-agent cooperation framework for software test data generation. The framework is constituted by Graph Miner, Method Selector and test data generation method agent group. Graph Miner extracts software information sequences from UML graphs, and sends them to Method Selector. Then Method Selector selects out relevant method agents to generate test data. This framework can solve the problems of test data generation methods extension and low level of intelligence exist in traditional methods. Based on the framework proposed in this paper, a software prototype is developed. It is proved that this framework is feasible.

Test Management is the process of managing the software test life cycle (STLC) of the application under test (AUT). It starts with test planning activity and ends with test results reporting. The objectives of test management are to manage requirements dynamically, effectively utilize the 'testing cycle' time and efficient use of testers in terms of their productivity. Test management tool known as 'Quality Center (QC)' is widely used for managing the STLC of the project. Test case prioritization techniques schedule test cases for execution in an order that attempts to maximize some objective function. A variety of objective functions are applicable; one such function involves rate of fault detection — a measure of how quickly faults are detected within the testing process. An improved rate of fault detection during regression testing can provide faster feedback on a system under regression test and let debuggers begin their work earlier than might otherwise be possible. In this paper we have presented a method of choosing risk-based test cases. Our risk analysis is based on a practical risk model, and is similar to that used by some organizations.

A challenging part of software testing entails the generation of test cases. A good test case should have the quality to cover more features of test objective. The techniques for automatic generation of test cases try to efficiently find a small set of cases that allow an adequacy criterion to be fulfilled, thus reducing the cost of software testing and resulting in more efficient testing of software products. In this paper we introduce an all-around classification framework for automatic test case generation approaches in terms of test type and Algorithm, and represent some test case evaluation approaches. Finally we illustrate a comparison between different existing techniques.

Testing is the one of the crucial phase that is performed during software development. It is done to validate the quality of the software testing using minimal cost, efforts and to generate high quality test cases. It is impossible to test software with all the possible inputs. Hence there is a need to select and reduce test cases that will find as many faults as possible. This paper will describe a method for optimizing software testing Using hybrid meta-heuristics that is by the combination of particle Swarm optimization technique and genetic algorithm, an algorithm has been

This paper presents the concepts of test case based approach for the development of software systems. A variety of software development approaches are presented wherein they share some common methodology stages wherein testing plays a vital role for the success of the product. Software testing provides an objective, independent view of the software to allow the end-user to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Examples of test cases for developed software have been presented.