Earticle

본 논문은 대학생의 진로성숙도, 전공만족도, 자기통제가 취업스트레스에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 의하여 시도 되었다. 자료수집은 2018년 11월부터 2019년 2월까지 대학생 236명을 대상으로 실시되었다. 수집된 데이터는 빈도, 평균, 표준편차, 피어슨 상관관계 분석 및 다중회귀분석을 사용하여 분석하였다. 진로성숙도는 전공만족도와 통계적으 로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다(r=.452, p<.01). 진로성숙도는 취업스트레스와 통계적으로 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었고(r= -.555, p<.001) 전공만족도는 자기통제와 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었으며(r= .499, p<.01) 취업스트레스와는 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었다(r=-.410, p<.001). 진로성숙도(β=-.258)가 낮을수록 취업스트레스 는 높았고 또한 전공만족도가 낮을수록(β=-.377), 자기통제가 낮을수록(β= -.275), 취업스트레스는 높았다. 본 연구결 과를 통하여 진로성숙도, 전공만족도 그리고 자기통제력을 향상시키기 위해 어린 시절부터 대학생까지 연계되는 교육 프로그램이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of career maturity major satisfaction, self-control on university students' job stress. Data collection was conducted from November 2018 to February, 2019 in 236 students who understood the purpose of the study and agreed to participate in the study. The collected data were analyzed by frequency, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression. The lower the career maturity (β=-.258), job stress was the higher. Also, the lower major satisfaction (β=-.377), the higher the job stress, and the lower the self-control (β= -.275), the job stress was the higher. Through these results, education programs that link students from their childhood to college students are needed to improve their career maturity, satisfaction with majors and self-control(r=-.410, p<.001).

본 연구는 골프 참가자의 성숙도가 자기관리능력과 경기력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 규명하는 데 목적이 있 다. 이를 위해 일반인 골프 참가자 408명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 상관분석과 공분산구조모형분석을 하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 골프 참가자의 성숙도는 자기관리 향상에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 골프 참가자의 성숙도는 인지된 경기력에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋 째, 골프 참가자의 자기관리는 인지된 경기력에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 얻은 결론은 일반 골프 참가자들의 성숙도와 자기관리는 높은 상관이 있으며 이들 요인이 높을수록 인지된 경기력을 높일 수 있다는 것이다. 또한 경기 상황에 직면하게 되는 다양한 변화에 유연하게 대처하기 위해서 성숙도를 높 여야 하며, 이는 결국 자기관리 능력을 향상시켜 높은 경기력을 유지하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among maturity, self-management and perceived performance of amateur golfers. To achieve the purpose, data were collected from 408 amateur golfers. Using SPSS 21.0 & AMOS 21.0 version program, the data analysis used the Pearson's r and covariance structure analysis. The results and conclusions were as the followed: 1. it was positively influence between maturity and self- management( p<.05), 2. it was positively influence between maturity and perceived performance(p<.05), 3. it was positively influence between self-management and perceived performance(p<.05), In conclusion, high perceived performance was come from high maturity and self-management.

본 연구는 치위생(학)과 학생의 성격 5요인이 진로태도성숙에 미치는 영향을 검증하고, 그 세부 요인 간 의 관련성을 분석하고자 대구·경북, 충정, 경기지역의 치위생과 학생 798명을 대상으로 조사한 설문지를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성격 5요인의 외향성, 개방성, 친화성, 성실성이 진로태도 성숙도에 정(+)적의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로태도 성숙도의 하위요인인 결정성에 대해서 신경증은 유의미한 부(-)의 영향을 미치며, 외향성, 성실성은 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 진로태도 성숙도의 하위영역에 영향을 미치는 성격 5요인은 다음과 같이 나타났다. 목적성에 영향을 미치는 성격요인으로는 신경증(-), 친화성(+) 의 영향을 미친다. 확신성은 신경증, 외향성, 개방성, 친화성, 성실성이 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 준비성에 대해서는 신경증, 외향성, 친화성, 성실성은 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 독립성에 대해서는 신경증은(-), 개방성, 성실성은 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

In this study, the results of analyzing 798 dental hygiene students in Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Chungjeong, and Gyeonggi-do to verify the effect of the fifth factor on career attitude maturity and analyze the relationship between detailed factors are as follows. First, it was found that the extroversion, openness, affinity, and sincerity of the five personality factors had a positive (+) effect on career attitude maturity. Second, for the determinism, which is a sub-factor of career attitude maturity, neurosis was found to have a significant negative(-) effect, and extroversion and sincerity were found to have a significant positive(+) effect. Third, the fifth factor of personality affecting the sub-area of career attitude maturity was found as follows. Personality factors that affect purpose are neurotic(-) and affinity(+). Confidence had a significant positive(+) effect on neurosis, extroversion, openness, affinity, and sincerity. For readiness, neuroticism, extroversion, affinity, and sincerity were found to have a significant positive(+) effect, and for independence, neuroticism had a significant positive(+) effect.

This study presents a method of quality category classification by safety, maturity, complexity, and what types and extent of controls and verifications are applied to specific products and services during the various stages of a nuclear facility life cycle. All products, services and processes have various controls and verifications built in to ensure they perform their functions satisfactorily. The highest grade should require the most stringent application of the quality assurance requirements ; while, the lowest grade should require the least stringent. When products or services are modified, the assigned grade of quality assurance requirements could become more stringent or less stringent depending on the significance in nuclear safety. Applying QA program always costs money, and they should be applied and focused to the extent where necessary and not applied or applied to a lesser degree for less important activities. An efficient QA program should be developed to satisfy the necessary requirements and to ensure the required confidence in quality, but without unnecessary stipulations. Not all the requirements of QA standard must be applied identically to all products and services which are to be provided.

비파괴적으로 콘크리트 강도를 간편하게 구할 수 있는 방법으로 적산온도(Maturity) 개념을 통한 콘크리트 강도 추정방법이 많은 연구자를 통하여 검증되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 적산온도 개념을 도입하여 콘크리트 강도를 평가하고자 하는데, 11편 논문의 실험결과에서 W/B=18∼70%의 범위에서 일정한 온도(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50℃) 와 다양한 재령(0.5∼182일)에 따른 843개의 실험값을 가지고 가장 간편한 적산온도 모델을 사용하고, 강도별로 보통강도 콘크리트(40Mpa이하), 고강도콘크리트(40∼70MPa), 초고강도 콘크리트(70MPa 이상)로 구분하여 현장 에서 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 적산온도와 콘크리트 강도관계를 도출하고, 적산온도에 따른 최저 보증 콘크리트 압축강도 추정식을 제시하였다.

The non-destructive method of easily evaluating concrete strength through the concept of maturity has been verified by many researchers. The current work introduced such a concept in concrete strength assessment that involved 843 variables and specific values that 11 papers used in experiments, including constant temperatures (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50℃) with a W/B range of 18 to 70% and different curing ages (0.5 to 182 days). The classification of concrete as being of normal-strength concrete (40MPa or less), high-strength concrete (40∼70MPa), and Super high-strength concrete (70MPa or more) enabled this study to identify the relationship between maturity and concrete strength using the most convenient and easily applicable maturity model in the construction field. A regression formula of lowest guaranteed concrete strength on the basis of maturity was presented.

코헛의 자기심리학과 목회신학은 개인의 성숙을 추구한다는 점에서 공통점을 가지고 있다. 특히 코헛이 제시한 성숙하고 응집된 자기로 발달하는 과정과 이 발달과정에 필요한 자기-자기대상, 공감적 반응, 최적의 좌절, 그리고 변형적 내재화라는 요소는 평행과정으로 신자의 영적 성숙 과정에 적용될 수 있다는 점에서 연결 지어 살펴볼 가치가 있다. 본 연구는 자기심리학의 이론으로 신자의 영적 성숙에 필요한 요소들과 그 과정을 살피고, 신자의 영적 성숙을 위해 교회, 목회자가 제공해야 할 목회적 기능과 돌봄의 방안들을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 했다. 특별히 응집된 자기를 형성하는데 제공되어야 하는 양육자의 공감적인 세 가지 자기-자기대상을 목회현장에 적용해 보는 방안을 중심으로 다루었다. 코헛은 유아에게 완벽하게 행복했던 생애 초기의 경험을 회복하고 유지하고자 하는 자기애적 욕구가 있다고 보았다. 이점은 신자에게 동일하다. 완벽하고 신실하며 거룩한 신자로서 인정받고 싶은 과대 자기애적 욕구, 이상적이며 완벽한 하나님, 혹은 목회자와 연합하고 싶은 이상화 자기애적 욕구, 그리고 소속감, 참여감, 동료의식을 경험하고 싶은 쌍둥이 자기애적 욕구가 신자에게 있다. 그리고 이런 자기애적 욕구에 교회와 목회자가 공감적으로 반응해 줄 때 신자는 심리적, 영적 성숙을 이루고, 유지할 수 있다. 본 연구는 교회와 목회자가 제공해야 할 거울/이상화/쌍둥이 자기대상을 케리그마, 디다케, 레이투르기아, 코이노니아, 그리고 디아코니아의 다섯 가지 목회 기능과 연결 지어 다루었다. 구체적으로 운영위원회, 공감적 예전 및 의례, 공감적 설교, 슬픈 노래 부르기, 다양한 봉사활동과 상담 심방 등의 방식으로 적용될 수 있음을 설명했다. 특히 자기대상으로서 목회자의 자기성찰과 점검의 필요성을 제기했으며, 공감적 목회의 필요성을 이해와 경청, 환대와 무조건적 수용의 태도와 연결 지어 설명했다. 이를 통해 어느 때보다도 복잡하고 다양한 삶의 위기 가운데 있는 현대 목회현장에서 교회와 목회자가 제공하고 있는 자기대상이 시기적절한지, 신자가 처한 상황에 충분히 공감적인지를 살피고, 건강한 공감적 목회의 방안을 제시하고자 했다.

Heinz Kohut's self psychology and pastoral theology have common ground in that they pursue individual maturity. In particular, the development processes with the mature and cohesive-self presented by Kohut, and its developmental elements such as self-selfobject, empathic reaction, optimal frustration, and transmuting internalization are worth examining in that parallel process can be applied to the spiritual maturity process of the believers. The purpose of this study was to examine the elements and processes required for spiritual maturity of believers, and to explore the pastoral functions and care methods that churches and pastors should provide for spiritual maturity of believers. This study focused on applying three empathic self-selfobject of fosterer, which should be provided to form a cohesive-self, to the pastoral field. Kohut saw that children had narcissistic desires to restore and maintain their early life experiences that were perfectly happy. These are the same for believers. The believers had grandiose narcissistic desires to be recognized as a perfect, faithful, and holy believer; idealized narcissistic desires to unite with ideal, perfect God, or a pastor; twinship narcissistic desires to experience sense of belonging, participation, and fellowship. And when churches and pastors respond empathically to these narcissistic desires, believers can achieve and maintain psychological and spiritual maturity. This study linked mirrors/idealized/ twinship selfobjects to be provided by churches and pastors to five pastoral functions: Kerygma, Didache, Leitourgia, Koinonia, and Diaconia. Specifically, it can be applied in various ways such as steering committee, empathic liturgy and ritual, empathic preaching, sad singing, various volunteer activities and counsel visiting. In particular, the necessity of self-reflection and inspection of pastors as selfobjects was raised, and the necessity of empathic ministry was explained in connection with understanding and listening closely, hospitality and unconditional acceptance. Through this, it was tried to examine whether the selfobject provided by churches and pastors was timely and empathic enough to the situation of the believers in the present pastoral field, which was more complicated and diverse than ever, and to suggest a healthy empathic pastoral plan.

연구목적: 적산온도를 이용하여 시멘트 종류별로 고강도 콘크리트(70MPa)의 초기 강도를 정확히 예 측하여 콘크리트 품질의 신뢰성 확보, 거푸집 탈형 시기, PS 콘크리트의 텐셔닝 타임, 도로 보수 후 교통 의 진입 시기 등을 정확히 도출하여 경제적이고 안전한 건설공사에 도움을 주고자 한다. 연구방법: 시멘 트 종류별 수화열을 재령마다 측정하여 적산온도를 계산하고, 재령별 콘크리트의 강도를 측정하여 임 의의 적산온도에 상응하는 강도를 예측한다. 연구결과: 도로보수에서 교통개방에 필요한 시간을 추정 하는데 있어서, ASTM C1074에서는 고강도 콘크리트의 경우에는 이론적으로 16.4시간으로 예측하였 으나 , 본 연구에서는 OPC인 경우의 적산온도 307, 14.4 시간, LHPC인 경우의 적산온도 2700, 34시간, ESPC인 경우의 적산온도 200, 8시간 정도로 계산되었다. 결론: 고강도 콘크리트를 사용한 구조물의 거 푸집 탈형시기 및 도로보수의 교통개방 시기는, ACI Committee 347을 적용한 설계기준강도 40MPa이하의 보통콘크리트의 경우보다 월등히 빨라질 수 있다.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to help economic and safe construction by accurately predicting the initial strength of high-strength concrete (70MPa) for each type of cement, securing reliability of concrete quality, and drawing accurately the timing of form deformed, tensioning time of PS concrete, and openning of traffic after road repair with maturity. Method: Calculate the maturity by measuring the hydration heat with cement type for each age, and measure the strength of concrete with age to predict the strength corresponding to the any maturity. Result: In estimating the time required for traffic opening in road repair, ASTM C1074 was theoretically estimated at 16.4 hours for high-strength concrete, but in this study, maturity was calculated at 307, 14.4 hours for OPC and maturity at 2700, 34 hours for LHPC and maturity 200, 8 hours for ESPC. Conclusion: The timing of form deformed of structures using high-strength concrete and the opening of traffic of road repair may be much faster than in the case of concrete using OPC below the design basis strength 40MPa applied by ACI Committee 347.

본 연구는 많은 기업이 도입하고 있는 팀 조직의 형태에서 팀 협업을 활성화 시키는 요인에 대 해 파악하고자 하였다. 그리고 팀 협업으로 인한 팀 성과의 영향과 팀 구성원의 인지적 프로세스인 정보교류체제의 매개효과와 팀 구성원의 과업에 대한 성숙도의 조절효과를 파악하고자 하였다. 실증분석의 결과에서 요인분석에 사용할 변수의 케이스와 수가 적절한지를 파악하기 위한 구형 성검정에서 KMO의 측도는 0.977, Bartlett의 유의확률은 p=0.000으로 요인분석에 무리가 없었으며, 탐색적 요인분석 결과 각 요인별 적재량이 0.50이상(eigen value 1이상)으로 적절하여 척도의 구성 타당도는 높게 나타났다. 그리고 각 요인별 신뢰계수는 0.7이상으로 문항의 내적 일관성은 모두 유 의하였다. . 구성개념간의 상관관계 분석결과, 예측타당도와 판별타당도 모두 유의하였는데, 예측타당도의 경 우 상관계수의 부호와 계수 값이 모두 유의하여 모든 가설이 정의 관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 분석 되었으며 판별타당도는 AVE값과의 비교에 의해 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 가설검증을 위 한 경로분석결과, 구조방정식의 모델적합도를 평가하는 다양한 지수를 고려하여 유의한 모형적합도 를 가지며 정보교류체제의 부분매개를 포함한 모든 가설은 채택되었다. 검증결과, 정보교류체제의 부분매개효과가 존재하는데, 이는 팀 협업의 팀 성과에 대한 직접효과 뿐 아니라 정보교류체제를 통한 매개효과로서, 팀 구성원의 전문성과 상호간 신뢰성 및 과업조정을 통하여 팀 성과향상을 도모할 수 있는 결론에 도달하였다. 그리고 팀 구성원의 경력과 지식에 따른 직무수행 성숙도의 질적 영향에 따라 팀 성과가 영향을 받는 조절효과를 확인하였다.

The environment surrounding modern enterprise organizations requests tremendous changes of business management in terms of being proactive. Also, high competition, various demands of customers, fast market changes and innovative technologies request organizations to be changed for sustaining and growth of their business. To achieve these objectives, organizations have implemented several management and support systems and standards. In addition, most of enterprise organizations adapted team system from 19th Century and became a very complex matrix organization and it results unexpected collaboration issues. In team system, organizations need to recruit high capable human resources and retain them to be core asset of the company and team collaboration must be fundamental function for each team and members to achieve high performance. But paradoxically, collaborations are not always successful in most organizations due to many factors such as non-shared goal, unbalanced incentive system, personal characters, attitude or ideologies and intangible hurdles inside of organization. In this research, we tried to figure out main factors of team collaboration that enable people work together for high performance through series of in-depth interviews for key people of each team in 3 years period. And, also we tried to find out mediation effect of Transactive Memory Systems which is a part of cognitive process and the most recent topic of social science to team performance. Also, we tried to leverage maturity which consists of job and psychological maturity to be a high performance team. Analysis has been done by structural equation model using AMOS with 430 samples out of 600 for ICT companies. The KMO verification, Bartlett p value showed good model fitness. Exploratory and confirmative factor analysis also showed good validity and credibility. Correlation analysis resulted 3 factors: Team collaboration, TMS and Team performance. The verifiable results of path analysis showed all three hypothesizes have been passed and several indexes such as RMR, RMESEA, GFI, AGFI, NFI and CFI showed proper level. Demography analysis showed male, elder, longer working period in team and higher education level has high score than the others. Regarding mediation and moderate effects, direct and indirect effect have been analyzed and the result showed TMS has partial mediation effect to team performance and maturity has exact moderate effect between TMS and team performance so that all hypothesizes are passed. This research has many practical implications to modern enterprise organizations. With the quantitative analysis which has been done for team collaboration with the most common and high priority factors which have been founded through series of in-depth interviews showed that enterprise organizations can use this result for improving their collaboration levels and launch targeted programs for high performance. Also, detailed analysis and role of TMS can provide tools for high performance as well because TMS can increase the level of expertise, credibility to other team members and it also allocate necessary resources for specific task. It will result not only personal commitment but also team performance and it may be extended to human resource plan for structuring teams. Lastly, it will provide norm to current situation of team collaboration and will be help to find barriers of collaboration and solution to enhance team collaboration.

본 연구의 목적은 간호학과 졸업예정자의 진로장벽과 취업스트레스와의 관계에서 진로성숙도의 매개효과를 검증하기 위한 것이다. 자료분석은 G시와 J도에 위치한 3개 대학의 간호학과 졸업예정자 208명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구방법은 종속변수에 영향을 미치는 변인들간의 영향력과 진로성숙도에 따른 영향력의 차이를 살펴보았다. 분석한 결과, 진로장벽은 진로성숙도와 부적상관을 보였지만, 취업스트레스와는 정적상관을 보였고, 진로장벽이 취업스트레스에 유의한 영향(35%, F=109.89, p<.001)을 미쳤으며, 진로성숙도의 매개효과가 유의(z=12.24, p<.001)한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 간호학과 졸업예정자들이 진로장벽으로 인해 취업스트레스가 증가될 위험성을 진로성숙도가 완충시켜줄 수 있음이 시사되었다. 결론적으로 졸업을 앞둔 간호학과 학생의 취업스트레스를 감소시키기 위해서는 진로장벽을 낮추는 것과 동시에 진로성숙도를 향상시키기 위한 체계적인 대안이 요구된다. 따라서 각 개인의 역량개발과 자존감 관리 및 친구 등의 지지체계를 활용한 상담과 더불어 간호학과에 특성화된 맞춤형 취업지도 정보시스템을 마련하는 전략이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of career maturity on the relation between carrier barriers and senior nursing students's jobs seeking stress. Data analysis was conducted over 208 senior nursing students from three nursing schools in G city and J province. The research methods examined the influence of variables on dependent variable, with difference of carrier maturity. As a result, career barriers had a negative correlation with career maturity but had a positive correlation with jobs seeking stress. Also, career barriers had significant effects on jobs seeking stress(35%, F=109.89, p<.001), mediating effect of career maturity was significant(z=12.24, p<.001). Accordingly, the results indicated that career maturity could buffer the risk of jobs seeking stress of senior nursing student from career barriers. In conclusion, systematic measures are needed to lower career barriers and improve career maturity in order to reduce jobs seeking stress of senior nursing students. It is necessary to develop a strategy to develop career guidance information system that, is specialized in nursing course as well as counselling that utilizes individual ability development, self-esteem management and friend's system.

본 연구의 연구목적은 대학생을 대상으로 일반적인 특성에 따라 진로태도성숙도, 자기관리 그리고 대학생활만족도를 알아보기 위함이다. 대구, 경북에 위치한 대학 중 403명을 연구 대상으로 일반적인 특성과 성격특성, 진로 태도 및 자신의 관리 등 요인을 중심으로 위계적 다중회귀분석 방법을 실시 분석하였다. 그 결과, 대학생활만족도의 빈도와 일반적 특성에 비추어볼때, 전체 대학생활만족도는 3.29점으로 5점 만점 중 보통이상을 보였고, 신입생들이 2학년 이상의 학생들보다 높았다. 또한 성격이 개방적일수록 성실성이 높으며, 자기 관리는 생활 관리를 잘하는 학생일수록 고유 행동관리와 신체관리를 잘 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고학년이 저학년보다 성격은 친화성이 적고, 준비성이 많은 학생들이 진로태도성숙도의 대학생활에 만족도가 높게 나타났으며 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 친화적 특성을 가진 학생들이 진로태도 성숙도에서 준비를 잘 할 수 있고, 대학생활만족도를 높일 수 있도록 학생을 잘 지도 하는 것이 중요하다.

The purpose of this study is to examine career maturity, self - management, and university life satisfaction according to general characteristics of college students. 403 students from Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces were analyzed and analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression analysis focusing on factors such as general characteristics, personality traits, career attitude and self - management. As a result, according to the frequency and general characteristics of university life satisfaction, overall university life satisfaction was 3.29 out of 5 out of 5, and fresh students were higher than second year students. Also, the more open the personality, the higher the sincerity. The more self - management is the student who manage the life, the better the proper behavior management and physical management. In addition, students with a lower level of personality and a higher degree of readiness were more satisfied with college life than attitudes toward career maturity than those with lower grades. Based on these results, students with friendly characteristics can prepare well in career attitude maturity It is important to guide students well so that they can improve their college life satisfaction.

본 연구는 프로이트의 종교에 대한 관점을 비판적으로 탐구한다. 근대의 심리학뿐만 아니라 다른 영역에까지 지대한 영향을 끼친 프로이트는 정신분석적 관점에서 종교를 분석하고 비판한다. 이 글에서는 프로이트가 종교를 정신분석학적으로 어떻게 해석하고 있는지 그의 주요한 논문들을 중심으로 고찰한다. 먼저 프로이트에게 종교는 보편적 강박신경증이다. 그는 그의 환자들의 행위와 종교행위가 유사하다는 것을 발견한다. 프로이트는 그의 이론에 대한 인류학적 근거를 원시인들의 토테미즘에서 찾는데, 거기에서 종교와 신의 존재의 근거를 찾는다. 프로이트의 이론을 개괄적으로 설명한 다음, 기독교 영성과의 관계 속에서 프로이트를 재해석한다. 이 논문은 두 부분에 초점을 맞춘다. 첫 번째, 왜 종교를 다루는데 영성이 중요한지 그리고 프로이트는 왜 이 부분을 깊이 설명할 수 없었는지를 다룬다. 프로이트는 종교를 다룰 때 종교의례나 종교행위에 대한 것만 분석하는데, 이것은 그가 영성이나 영적인 영역을 알지 못했기 때문에 그럴 수밖에 없었다고 지적한다. 하지만 영성은 종교를 논의하는데 빠질 수 없는 영역이므로, 프로이트 이론이 한계가 있을 수밖에 없는 이유는 이것 때문이라고 분석한다. 그래서 황홀경이나 일치와 같은 종교적 현상을 그는 환상이라는 단어로 일축할 수밖에 없었다는 것도 언급할 것이다. 두 번째, 이 논문은 성숙에 대한 것을 살핀다. 프로이트는 인류의 성숙을 위해 종교는 사라져야 하고 극복되어야 한다고 했다. 하지만 정신분석학이 지향하는 성숙은 기독교 영성의 목적과 다르지 않으며, 도리어 영적성숙은 프로이트가 말한 인간의 성숙보다 더 고차원적이라는 것을 주장할 것이다. 영적성숙이란 단지 무의식에서 벗어나 자아를 조절할 수 있는 상태를 말하는 것이 아니다. 영적성숙은 자아를 넘어서는 가치를 위해 헌신할 수 있는 단계이며, 이것은 인격적인 성숙보다 더 차원이 높은 성숙이다. 그래서 영적성숙은 인격적 성숙의 개념을 포함한다. 조금 다른 관점에서, 융이나 아들러 같은 일부 심리학자들은 인간의 인격적인 성숙을 위해서라도 종교는 인간 삶의 일부분으로 받아들여야 한다고 주장했다. 이런 점에 입각했을 때, 성숙을 이야기하는데 있어서도 프로이트는 지극히 제한적이었다. 이 연구는 학자들이 많이 다루지 않은 주제를 고찰함으로써 프로이트 이론에 대한 이해와 기독교 영성에 대한 이해를 넓힌다.

This research criticizes Freud’s theory on religion. Freud, who has exerted his influence to many areas such as arts and culture as well as psychology, also deals with religion in his articles. He analyzes and criticizes religion from a psychoanalytic perspective. This study shows how Freud understands religion, revealed in his several articles. Freud sees that religion is an universal obsessional neurosis. He finds the similarities between the obsessive neurosis and religious behaviors. Based on his observation on the acts of obsessive-compulsive patients, he concludes that religious rituals are neurotic behaviors. He tries to uncover the evidences of his argument from anthropological data. He believes that the origin of religion and God can be found from totemism in the primitive society. Then, this article interprets Freud’s theory on religion from the perspective of christian spirituality. It focuses on two parts. Firstly, it explains why spiritual matters are important in dealing with religion and why Freud fails to illustrate this in depth. It points out that Freud cannot give an explanation on spiritual phenonenon since he does not have any spiritual experience. He presents religion in the form of ritual and liturgy, excluded christian spirituality, which is one of important parts. Because of this, oceanic experience or religious experience cannot be persuasively interpreted in Freud’s theory. Secondly, it compares maturity in Freud’s theory with that in christian spirituality. Freud says that religion has to disappear for the maturity of human beings. However, the aim of psychoanalysis is almost the same as that of christian spirituality. Rather, spiritual maturity has broader meanings. It does not simply mean that a man controls ego or unconsciousness. It includes that a man devotes himself to a higher value in life. From a slightly different perspective, psychologists such as Jung and Adler insist that religion should be accepted by people to become mature. In this sense, Freud has a narrow perspective on spirituality and religion. This paper widens the understanding of christian spirituality by exploring a topic that Korean scholars have ignored.

사물인터넷은 인터넷이 비즈니스 프로세스를 근본적으로 변화시킨 이후의 기술로 간주되고 있다. 그러나 사물인터넷의 영역이 하드웨어적인 센서 기술로부터 애플리케이션을 통한 서비스까지 광범위하여 아직까지 연구도메인에 대한 구조가 명확하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 기업에 가치를 제공하기 위해서 사물인터넷의 성숙도를 측정하기 위하여 Porter 등 (2014)이 제안한 기술스택 모델을 적용할 것을 제안한다. 스택모델을 이용하여 사회과학, 복합학, 공학 분야에서 발간되는 논문을 대상으로, “사물인터넷 (IoT)”을 키워드로 포함하고 있는 논문의 저자들이 제공한 키워드 분석을 실시하여 사물인터넷 연구의 일반적인 동향을 살펴본다. 결과에 의하면, 클라우드와 빅데이터 분석 기반의 IoT 활용은 활발하지 못하고 결과적으로 IoT로부터의 가치가 충분히 실현되지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 가치 도출에 중요한 클라우드 프로세스를 적용하는 연구 논문 사례를 발췌하여 사물인터넷의 응용 수준을 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 IT의 가치사슬모형 적용과 유사하게, IoT의 가치를 높이기 위해 스택모델 적용을 제안한 것도 의미가 있다 할 수 있다.

Internet of Things (IoT) is considered to be the next wave of Information Technology transformation after the Internet has changed the process of doing business. Since the domain of IoT ranging from the sensor technology to service to the users is wide, the structure of the research domain is not delineated clearly. To do that we suggest to use the Technology Stack Model proposed by Porter et al.(2014) to measure the maturity level of IoT in organizations. Based on the Stack Model, for the general understandings of IoT, we do keyword analyses on the academic papers whose major research issue is IoT. It is found that the current status of IoT application from the perspectives of cloud and big data analytics is not active, meaning that the real value of IoT has not been realized. We also examine the cases which deal with the part of cloud process which is crucial for value accrual. Based on these findings, we suggest the future direction of IoT research. We also propose that IT is to value chain what IoT is to the Stack Model to derive value in organizations.

We must expect the rise of uncertainty due to the complex security and economic environment in this era, when conversion of technology and information is at the disposal of anybody and everybody. In this day and age, the demand for and the means to improving organizational agility to enhance operational effectiveness remain critical. Especially from a military perspective, a key to succeeding in any operation is destroying the command control chain and its command structure – the center of gravity. At the same time, it would be vital to our interest not only to physically destroy our enemies’ C2 capabilities, but at the same time, to increase our allies’ C2 capabilities. To do so, we need to develop a concept of C2 and its application from the tactical level to the strategic level. This study proposes the Conceptual Reference Command and Control Model based on the improvement of agility in accordance with three key aspects: the function, the process, and the maturity. The model has three axes: the X axis, which is the level of agility based on the three attributes of responsiveness, resilience, and innovation; the Y axis, which is the C2 function based on command, control, execution, information for the delegation of decision-making, and collaboration; and the Z-axis, which is the core process for command and control in conjunction with optimizing the last and current C2 processes. The analysis was based on the various decision-making theories and problem-solving matrixes/theories, and a review of the operational planning process in past to current C2 models. This study was conducted not only to enhance the development of the concept and process of command control at all levels, including its ways and means, but also to deepen the understanding and improvement of the definitions of the attributes of the matrix from the three aforementioned perspectives, to contribute to the assessment of the capability of the existing Command Control and the improvement of the application of C2 capability at the operational level with advanced attributes and matrixes.

Purpose: promotion program with autistic children. Method: A quasi-experimental design was conducted with a convenience sample of 44 autistic children. The experimental group (n= 23) atended the masage therapy and the atachment promotion made twice for both groups using the social maturity scale and child autism rating scale. Recording of mother-child attachment was done for 15 minutes in only the experimental group twice using video equipment. Results: After 4 months of interventions, there was significant diference on social maturity (F=9.01, p=.005) between the groups. However, there was no significant diference on CARS ((F=2.47, p=.124). The total scores of mother-child atachment between pre- and post-interventions showed a significant diference (Z=-3.42, p=.001). Conclusion:way for providing a chance to increase social maturation and to increase atachment between mother and autistic child.

Cleome gynandra L. is cultivated for its nutritional benefits. Nutritional composition of most vegetable plant increases with relative growth rate. Therefore, the contribution of organic (e.g. goat manure) and inorganic fertilizers (such as NPK) to optimum nutritional composition and productivity of Cleome gynandra is poorly understood. The nutritional benefit at different growth stages is required to optimize its utilization as a vegetable. Therefore, the relationship between relative growth rate and proximate analysis of C. gynandra was investigated. Three treatments (control, 100 kg N/ha and 8 t goat manure/ha) were arranged in a randomized complete block design in field and glasshouse trials. 100 kg N/ha of inorganic fertilizer influenced more proximate constituents such as vitamin C, protein and ash while 8 t of organic fertilizer increased the crude lipid and phytate contents. The field trial was more favourably compared to the glasshouse. The ash content ranged between 6.49-19.64%, fibre 9.62-26.13%, lipid 1.07-6.94%, vitamin C ranged between 68.33-279.7 mg/100 g, protein 36.55-53.82; phytate 0.74-2.91 mg/100 g; oxalate 1.33-2.63 mg/100 g. It further reveals the concentrations of protein, vitamin C, and fibre can be explored better in the 2nd, 6th and 8th weeks respectively. The overall analysis of the proximate parameters analysed on the field and in the glasshouse showed variations in the nutritional composition of Cleome gynandra.

Little is known of the life history of Garcinia kola; the objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the fruiting age and tree size of the species in a coastal humid tropical climate plantation condition. A total 103 trees were used in the study viz; 80 ten-year-old trees at reproductive maturity onset and 13 thirty-year-old trees with several cycles of reproduction that constitute two independent variables. Data collected were age of onset of flowering and size at reproductive maturity onset. Relative size at reproductive maturity onset (RSOM) was estimated as size at reproductive maturity onset (SOM) divided by asymptotic maximal size (AMS). Data analysis was conducted using pairwise t-test and principal component analysis (PCA). Reproductive maturity onset (flowering) was recorded in the ten-year-old stand eight (8) years after planting. Mean size at reproductive maturity onset (SOM) was height 5.32±1.7 m, dbh 0.11±0.03 m, total number of branches was 29.6±7.3, crown depth 5.24±1.05 m, crown diameter was 4.78±0.7 m, branch diameter 0.098±0.01 m, leaf length 0.13±0.02 m, leaf breadth 0.37±0.01 m, twig length 0.35±0.11 m and leaf per twig 6±0.84 and asymptotic maximal size (AMS) was height 19.85±0.76 m, dbh 0.95±0.09 m, total number of branches 62±5, crown depth 18.83±0.7 m, crown diameter 12.5±1.64 m, branch diameter 0.5±1.6 m, leaf length 0.16±0.023 m, leaf breadth 0.45±0.12 m, twig length 0.37±0.11 m and leaf per twig 19±7.5. Pairwise t-test analysis showed there was significant differences between SOM and AMS in all growth factors except leaf length, leaf breadth, and twig length. Highest relative size at reproductive maturity onset (RSOM) was recorded in leaf length 0.82, twig length 0.82, and leaf breadth 0.80, while, the lowest was branch diameter 0.11. Four components out of the total of eleven were extracted to explain the relationship in RSOM: Principal component one (PC1) explained 37.23%; PC2 26.4%, PC3 22.73%, and PC4 13.64%.

Cha, Mi-yang. 2014. Syntactic Maturity in EFL Composition: A Case Study of an Overseas Language Program. Journal of Linguistic Studies 19(1), 127-150. The present study compares syntactic maturity in the English composition written by Korean university students. 54 participants were divided into two groups: 27 exchange students and 27 domestic students. While exchange students joined a 15-week overseas language program, domestic students took an English writing class in Korea during the same period. Pre- and post tests were undertaken, and five syntactic measures were employed for the analysis: words per T-unit, words per clause, clauses per T-unit, subordination ratio, and number of T-units. Each measure was analyzed to assess the differences between the groups before and after the treatment period, and statistical analyses followed. Results showed that students in both groups attained significant growth of syntactic maturity in writing, generating longer production units containing greater clausal density and more complex structural items after the treatment period. No significant differences were found in growth of syntactic maturity between the two groups after 15 weeks. It is unlikely that overseas language programs play a particularly distinctive role in developing syntactic maturity within a 15-week period. (Namseoul University)

This paper presents a maturity model of IT service delivery that consists of maturity statements grouped on five maturity levels. The model is founded on maturity model properties and IT Capability Maturity Model (IT Service CMM). It was motivated by the interest and limitation of Nicaraguan Internet Service Providers in formalizing and assessing specific IT service elements. The model was applied to traceable information of the current status of IT service delivery in a Nicaraguan Internet Service Provider.