Earticle

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze and compare the marginal and internal fit of zirconia crowns fabricated using three types of milling tools with different durations of use (0, 50, and >100 hours). Methods: Zirconia crowns were designed using computer-aided design software, and the design files were extracted. Zirconia blocks (Luxen, Dentalmax) were milled using a five-axis milling machine (DWX-52D, Roland). Crowns were fabricated using unused milling tools, tools used for 50 clinical hours, and tools used for >100 clinical hours (n=12). The morphology of the milling tools was examined using a scanning electron microscope (VEGA, TESCAN). The marginal and internal fit of the fabricated zirconia crowns was evaluated using a D2000 scanner (3Shape) via the scanning method. Differences in fit among the crowns fabricated with tools of various usage durations were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, with post-hoc analysis conducted through Tukey’s honest significant difference test (α=0.05). Results: Significant differences in zirconia crown fit were observed among the three tooluse groups (p<0.001). Milling tools used for >100 hours produced crowns with significantly lower marginal fit (p<0.05). Similarly, reproducibility in the 100-hour group was significantly reduced (p<0.05). Conclusion: Repeated clinical use of milling tools over extended periods may adversely affect the marginal fit and reproducibility of zirconia crowns.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal and internal fit of lithium disilicate ceramic inlay produced by heat pressing that inlay pattern made by subtractive manufacturing and additive manufacturing method. Methods: A mandibular lower first molar that mesial occlusal cavity (MO cavity) die was prepared. After fabricating an epoxy resin model using a silicone impression material, epoxy resin die was scanned with a dental model scanner to design an MO cavity inlay. The designed STL pile was used to fabricate wax patterns and resin patterns, and then lithium disilicate ceramic inlays were fabricated using hot-press method. For the measurement of the marginal and internal gap of the lithium disilicate, silicone replica method was applied, and gap was measured through an optical microscope (x 80). Data were tested for significant differences using the Mann-Whitney Utest. Results: The marginal fit was 103.56±9.92μm in the MIL-IN group and 81.57±9.33μm in the SLA-IN group, with a significant difference found between the two groups (p<0.05). The internal fit was 120.99±17.52μm in the MIL-IN group and 99.18±6.65μm in the SLA-IN group, with a significant difference found between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is clinically more appropriate to apply the additive manufacturing than subtractive manufacturing method in producing lithium disilicate inlay using CAD/CAM system.

본 연구는 국내 전력시장의 계통한계가격(SMP)에 대해 약 5개월 이후의 상승․하락 방향을 예측하는 중기 구간추정 프레임워크를 제안하고, 딥러닝과 전통 통계 모형을 정교하게 비교․평가한다. SMP, 두바이유, USD/KRW, 장단기 금리차, 기온으로 구성된 다변량 입력에 대해 특성별 맞춤 전처리(차분, 이동평균, 정규화)를 적용하고, 5-fold 교차검증과 그리드서치를 통해 공정한 모형 선택과 하이퍼파라미터 최적화를 수행하였다. 차분을 적용하지 않은 MLP가 가장 뛰어난 분류 성능을 보였으며(Validation Loss 0.2553, Accuracy 91.97%, F1 0.9234, AUC 0.9601), LSTM은 차분 적용 시 안정성은 개선되었으나 AUC(0.8782)에서 MLP에 미치지 못했다. 반면 ARIMA 및 지수평활은 BCE(3.454-4.901)와 MAPE(22-33%)가 높아 방향성 판별에 한계를 드러냈고, ElasticNet 점추정 역시 RMSE ≈ 43 KRW/kWh, R² ≈ 0.30으로 실무적 활용성이 제한적이었다. LIME 분석을 통해 MLP는 유가와 금리차 등 거시 변수에, LSTM은 지연된 SMP 패턴에 상대적으로 의존함을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 단기․점추정에 치우친 기존 문헌과 달리, 중기 시계의 방향성 신호를 다변량․전처리 ․모형 선택이 상호 공적응하는 구조로 실증했다는 점에서 의의가 크다. 제시된 5개월 선행 신호는 연료비 연동제와 SMP 상․하한제 같은 정책 시뮬레이션, 발전사와 전력구매자의 헤지 전략, 산업체의 에너지 조달 의사결정 등에서 실질적 근거를 제공하며, 전력시장 이해관계자의 위험관리와 비용 효율성 제고에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

We propose a medium-horizon interval-estimation framework that predicts the five-month-ahead direction (up/down) of Korea’s System Marginal Price (SMP) using a multivariate feature set (SMP, Dubai crude, USD/KRW, term spread, temperature) and systematically benchmark deep learning against statistical baselines. Tailored preprocessing (lag differencing, moving averages, min–max scaling) and 5-fold CV with grid search ensure fair comparison. The best model, an MLP without differencing, achieved validation loss 0.2553, accuracy 91.97%, F1-score 0.9234, and AUC 0.9601; LSTM improved with differencing but underperformed (AUC 0.8782). ARIMA/triple smoothing showed higher BCE (3.454–4.901) and MAPE (22-33%), while ElasticNet point forecasts were weak (RMSE ≈ 43 KRW/kWh; R2 ≈ 0.30). LIME reveals MLP’s reliance on macro variables (crude, term spread) versus LSTM’s focus on lagged SMP patterns. Unlike short-term point-forecast studies, we evidence co-adaptation across variables, preprocessing, and model class for medium-horizon directional signals, enabling policy simulation (fuel pass-through, SMP caps/floors) and hedging/procurement decisions that enhance risk management and cost efficiency.

Consumers often face monetary and non-monetary costs when purchasing goods. Experience goods, for example, require consumers to invest time and money to acquire and use a product, and time requirements may not be fully known proir to making a purchase. Unlike monetary costs, non-monetary costs are often not explictily stated and are therefore subjectively evaluated by consumers, suggesting that consumers’ perceived costs and the costs assumed by researchers may not coincide. We propose a model that allows for consumer’s subjective evaluation of marginal time costs through perception parameters and provide solutions to estimate the model. We apply the proposed model to three online course datasets o f volumetric demand and floor cleaning service data of discrete choice. The proposed model fits the data better, improves predictions, and leads to different managerial implications. Implication for Product line design.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the marginal and internal fits of metal three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) cast from wax and resin patterns produced using milling and three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies. Methods: To fabricate three-unit FDPs, the maxillary right first premolar and molar were prepared on an experimental model (AG-3 ZPVK, Frasaco GmbH), which was then duplicated in metal. The metal model was replicated, and working casts were fabricated using a type IV dental stone. These stone models were scanned using a desktop scanner to fabricate virtual models, allowing for the digital design of the three-unit FDPs. Overall, 30 patterns were fabricated using milling and 3D printing technologies (n=15). Subsequently, all patterns were cast into metal FDPs following conventional laboratory procedures. The marginal and internal fits of the fabricated metal FDPs were evaluated by scanning their inner and outer surfaces in situ on the metal model, followed by digital analysis. Differences in the fit between the two groups of FDPs were analyzed using an independent samples t-test (α=0.05). Results: A significant difference in marginal fit was observed between FDPs fabricated using milling and 3D printing technologies (p<0.001). The milling group exhibited superiority to the 3D printing group in terms of marginal fit (p<0.05). Conclusion: For the fabrication of wax patterns, the milling technology showed superiority to the 3D printing technology in terms of marginal fit for metal three-unit FDPs.

In light of the difficulties inherent in EFL/ ESL summary writing teaching and learning, it is of paramount importance to probe into the instructional techniques to enhance summary writing ability. This study investigated the relative impact of two instructional techniques: Network Tree Advance Organizers (NTAOs) and Marginal Glosses (MGs) on EFL learners’ summary writing ability. First, the Oxford Quick Placement Test was administered to ensure the homogeneity of all of the participants. Sixty language learners were then randomly assigned to three groups: The two experimental groups and one control group. One of the experimental groups was exposed to the MG instructional technique; the other experimental group received the NTAOs; while the control group was provided with neither of them and merely followed the traditional procedures of a writing class. The student-generated summaries at the beginning and end of the instructional period were evaluated by two different raters based on the TOEFL iBT scoring criteria (Baba, 2009). To analyze the date, the researchers used one-way ANOVA and paired-samples t-tests. The results revealed that learners in the NTAO group outperformed their counterparts in the other two groups (i.e., the MG group, and control group). The study points to the relative effectiveness of the utilization of different instructional techniques to promote the learners’ summary writing ability. It is also argued that the visual sketch of the materials presented through the NATOs could pave the way for more elaborate and detailed information processing and prompt language learners to properly prioritize, organize, and classify information.

Marginal analysis has been adopted widely by managers in the field or instructors teaching management science/operations management-related courses as a useful approach for solving the problem of determining the optimal production or order quantity under a specific probabilistic distribution of demand. Based on the marginal relationship between prices, Simchi-Levi et al. (2008) have proposed a simple rule for establishing the relationship between optimal production quantity and average demand by evaluating the marginal profit and the marginal cost of producing an additional unit in supply chain. Their rule has been adopted as a useful model for illustrative purpose in management science/operations management-related courses. However, Simchi-Levi et al. rule based on the marginal relationship alone between prices is not always the case and, therefore, may mislead managers and students to wrong decision. With some counter examples and mathematical justification, this study addresses the risk relying on marginal analysis in determining the range of optimal production or order quantity of manufacturer or distributor in supply chain.

In marginal spaces where geographical marginality, social marginality, and narrative marginality overlap, spatial regeneration has become an important site of modern urban governance. Taking the Alley Festival of Gamcheon Culture Village as textual material, this study examines how an urban marginal space is orchestrated in the festival into a cultural mechanism of display and consumption. The study finds that, through external textual framing, Gamcheon Culture Village softens a trauma narrative into an exhibition narrative and then, through the operation of the festival, becomes an emblematic cultural-tourism destination in Busan. However, the festival does not entirely dissolve marginality; rather, it temporarily recenters parts of the space, while the residents along the main route continue to benefit and symbolic capital continues to accrue. At the same time, residents in the side alleys bear the tourist gaze, compressed rhythms, and the everyday residue of “de-homing.” This also constitutes the core operating mechanism of contemporary cultural industries: a quota of publicness that manufactures visibility. Within this quota system, publicness is redistributed. Accordingly, the Gamcheon case reveals the issue of the redistribution of visibility and publicness in the cultural industry, and provides an analytically powerful framework for understanding urban marginal regeneration and spatial justice.

The issue of canonicity has been widely discussed, particularly since the spread of cultural influence from the European great powers to the peripheral areas. In the past, the classical canons suppressed differences in locality, gender and generation. What matters now is to recognize the changeability, rather than the constancy, of canonicity which this article intends to observe in the historical and cultural processes of the marginal alteration of a Western canon in modern Korea. Indeed, we need to imagine how a canon exists; it is premised on the dichotomy of center and periphery, yet with its blurring relationship, it repeatedly both negates and maintains itself so as to be highlighted through its literary value. This article takes Sin Ch’ae-ho’s novel Dream Sky as a good example with which to discern the minute crack of alteration in the configuration of the canon and to scrutinize how it is shown in the peripheral literature. As a novelist as well as a historian and a revolutionary seeking national independence, Sin Ch’ae-ho always thought about the importance and possibility of social practice through literature. His activity as a literary writer partly derived from his understanding of the Italian writer Dante Alighieri; he adored Dante as an enlightened intellectual and recognized his Divine Comedy as the record of his salvation, and in writing Dream Sky he took it as his own pointer for resisting Japanese imperialism. This article aims to reevaluate Dream Sky as an aesthetic reconstruction and thus to concentrate on textual analysis, whereby I expect to re-highlight its ability to practice marginal alteration and the work of the dialogical imagination.

We test whether conglomerate mergers produce higher gains to shareholders due to corporate coinsurance than horizontal mergers by comparing the wealth change to shareholders around merger announcement. Conglomerate mergers show higher size-weighted average of bidder and target marginal tax rates than horizontal mergers. The higher marginal tax rates in conglomerate mergers provide extra returns to combined shareholders which vary from 0.23% to 0.46% according to model specification of coinsurance benefit to combined shareholders. We further investigate the change in financial leverage and cash holdings after merger completion to find the channel through which diversified firms make the most of higher marginal tax rates in comparison of specialized firms. The higher marginal tax rates help the consolidated firm to reduce cash holdings but do not have an impact on the leverage change after merger completion. Other coinsurance determinants such as sash flow correlation and volatility difference do not affect the change in subsequent change in both financial leverage and cash holdings. Our test results indicate that diversifying mergers of high bidder and target marginal tax rates enhance the stock value of both bidder and target firm around merger announcement and diversified firms realize this coinsurance benefit by reducing cash holdings rather than increasing financial leverage.

구강인기방법과 지르코니아 블록 종류에 따른 지르코니아 코핑의 변연적합도 변화를 관찰하기 위해 2종의 고무인상재와 1종의 구강스캐너를 사용한 구강인기방법과 3종의 지르코니아 블록을 사용하여 지르코니아 코핑을 10개씩 제작하여 표면 거칠기와 변연적합도를 측정하였다. 표면 거칠기는 LUXEN Smile($2.3{\pm}0.9{\mu}m$) 블록이 가장 우수하였다. 그리고 협측 변연간격은 HL시편($26.5{\pm}2.1{\mu}m$), 설측 변연간격은 HL시편($27.2{\pm}2.1{\mu}m$), 근심 변연간격은 HJ시편($29.6{\pm}4.0{\mu}m$), 원심 변연간격은 HJ시편($29.0{\pm}3.0{\mu}m$)이 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 통계학적으로 유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 이 결과, 구강인기방법과 지르코니아 블록 종류가 변연적합도에 영향을 준 것으로 나타났으며, 변연간격은 모든 군에서 임상적 허용 범위 내에 속했다.

The purpose of this study was to compare of marginal fitness of zirconia copings according to impression techniques and zirconia blocks. For the conventional impression, two types of rubber impression materials were used and digital impression was made by using an intraoral scanner. Zirconia copings were manufactured from three types of blocks. With each of ten zirconia copings was determined by surface roughness and marginal fitness. For surface roughness, LUXEN Smile($2.3{\pm}0.9{\mu}m$) block was superior. And the lowest mean values and standard deviations of marginal gap for the HL specimens were $26.5{\pm}2.1{\mu}m$ for buccal, $27.2{\pm}2.1{\mu}m$ for lingual, and that of the HJ specimens $29.6{\pm}4.0{\mu}m$ for mesial, $29.0{\pm}3.0{\mu}m$ for distal. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant difference between groups for marginal fitness(p<0.05). From the above results, the impression techniques and zirconia blocks had influence on marginal fit of the zirconia copings. Also the marginal fitness of all groups showed clinically acceptable range.

최근 국내 이자율이 상승하면서 우리나라 주력 기업이라 할 수 있는 수출기업의재무구조가 악화되고 있는 상황을 동기로 하여, 본 연구는 2006년부터 2019년까지 산업 내 기업 중 한계기업 비중의 증가가 동산업내 수출기업들의 생산성에 어떠한 영향을 주는가에 대한 실증분석을 시도하고 있다. 연구 결과, 한계기업의 비중이 증가할 경우 수출기업의 생산성이 하락하는 현상이 있음을 발견하였다. 또한, 산업내 한계기업의 비중이 증가할수록 수출기업들의 퇴출률 뿐만 아니라 진입률도 둔화되고 있으며, 이것이 수출기업들의 생산성 하락과 관련 있다는 사실을 발견하였다.

Motivated by the fact that the financial structure of export firms which have been known as leading firms in Korea is worsening due to the recent rise in domestic interest rates, this study examines effects of an increase in marginal firms in industries from 2006 to 2019 on productivity of exporting firms. As a result of the study, we found that the productivity of exporting firms decreased in an industry where the proportion of marginal firms increased. Also, as the proportions of marginal firms in industries increases, the entry rates as well as the exit rates of exporting firms slowed down and this trend is associated with the decline in the productivity of exporting firms.

우리나라 전력시장 발전부문에 경쟁을 도입함으로써 각발전사들이 얼마나 발전해야 할지는 중요한 문제가 되었고, 안정적인 계통한계가격(System Marginal Price, SMP)유지는 중요한 문제다. 본 연구에서는 인공신경망 중 MLP(Multi-Layer Perceptron), NARX(Nonlinear Autoregressive exogenous)를 이용하여 서로 비교 분석했고 외부변수로 전력수요를 설정하여 SMP를 예측했으며, ARIMA(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average)와도 비교를 실시했다. 모두 30일, 40일, 50일을 예측해 봤으며 MLP의 경우 은닉층의 개수가 90개, 85개, 80개 였을 때 최적의 결과를 보여준 반면, NARX의 경우 95개, 80개, 70개 였을 때 최적의 결과를 보여주었다. 전반적으로 모든 예측에서 ARIMA, MLP, NARX 순으로 예측 오차가 작게 나타났다.

With the introduction of competition in the power generation sector in Korea, determining how much each electricity company should develop and maintain a stable system marginal price (SMP) has become an important issue. In this study, SMP was predicted by comparing the values for each company using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) model among artificial neural networks (ANN), and setting electricity demand as an external variable. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) was also compared. Each method predicted 30, 40, and 50 days. In the case of MLP, optimal results were obtained when the number of hidden layer units were 90, 85, and 80, whereas in the case of NARX, optimal results were obtained when the number of hidden layer units were 95, 80, and 70. Overall, the forecast errors were small in the order of ARIMA, MLP, and NARX for all predictions.

본 연구의 목적은 CAD/CAM 시스템을 이용하여 지르코니아 코어를 제작한 다음 span의 길이가 변연 적합도에 미치는 영향과, 변연 간격이 임상적으로 허용 가능한 범위 내에 있는지를 평가하였다. 실험군은 지르코니아 single crown, 2-unit bridge, 3-unit bridge, 4-unit bridge의 4그룹으로 나누고 각 그룹별로 10개씩 코어를 제작하였다. 평균 변연 간격은 single $42.95{\pm}6.93{\mu}m$, 2-unit $43.53{\pm}5.27{\mu}m$, 3-unit $53.43{\pm}13.38{\mu}m$, 4-unit $50.85{\pm}8.25{\mu}m$으로 나타났다. 근심면, 원심면에서는 single, 2-unit 그룹과 3-unit, 4-unit 그룹 간 span의 길이 요인에 따라 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 협면, 설면에서는 모든 그룹에서 span의 길이 요인에 따라 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>.05). 이러한 결과는 지르코니아 코어의 span 길이가 변연 적합도에 영향을 주었고, 변연간격은 모든 그룹에서 임상적 허용 범위 내에 존재 하였다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal fitnesses on the effect of span length of bridge and the marginal gaps within the clinically allowed range. The samples were fabricated with zirconia core using CAD/CAM system. The test groups were divided by four groups, single crown, 2-units bridge, 3-units bridge and 4-units bridge and 10 zirconia cores per each group. The results of mean marginal gaps were $42.95{\pm}6.93{\mu}m$ in the single crown, $43.53{\pm}5.27{\mu}m$ in 2-unit, $53.43{\pm}13.38{\mu}m$ in 3-unit, and $50.85{\pm}8.25{\mu}m$ in 4-unit on each. The marginal gap of mesial and distal surfaces were statistically significant differences between single, 2-unit group and 3-unit, 4-unit group (p<.05) and this results was effected by the span length. The buccal and lingual surfaces were no statistically significant differences within all groups(p>.05). From this results the span length of the zirconia core may have influence on marginal fitness and the marginal gaps were within the clinically allowed range.

현실적인 버스서비스권역 설정은 시내버스의 합리적인 노선망 및 서비스권역 구축을 위해 필요하다. 본 연구는 중소도시 버스이용자들의 현재도보시간 및 한계도보시간을 추정하고 그 특성을 파악하며 연령 및 소득수준별 한계도보시간 추정을 위해 ANFIS 모형을 구축코자 하였다. 이를 위해 경남의 마산시, 창원시, 진주시가 연구대상 도시로 선정되었다. 경남의 중소도시 버스이용자들의 현재도보시간의 80% 누적분포 값(미국의 최대도보시간에 해당)은 10.2-11.1분으로 미국의 최대도보시간 5분보다 큰 것으로 나타났으며 한계도보시간은 21.1-21.8분으로 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 중소도시의 한계도보시간 추정을 위해 세 도시의 데이터를 통합한 ANFIS 모형을 구축하였다. 연령과 한계도보시간과의 관계에서는 연령이 증가함에 따라 한계도보시간이 감소하나 25세에서 35세 사이에는 한계도보시간에 변화가 없는 소강상태를 보이며 수입과 한계도보시간은 반비례하는 선형관계를 보였다. 구축된 ANFIS 모형을 이용한 추론치와 조사치의 비교에서 0.996, MSE 0.163, MAE 0.333으로 예측력이 아주 우수한 것으로 평가된다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모형은 타 중소도시의 한계도보시간 추정에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Establishing realistic bus service coverage is needed to build optimum city bus line networks and reasonable bus service coverage areas. The purposes of this study are understanding the characteristics of the present walking time and marginal walking time of small-medium cities and constructing an ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) model to estimate the marginal walking time for certain age and income. The cities of Masan, Chongwon and Jinju are selected for study cities. The 80 percentile of present walking time of bus users of these cities are 10.2-11.1 minutes, thus the values are greater than the 5 minutes of the maximum walking time in USA and the marginal walking times of 21.1-21.8 minutes are much greater. An ANFIS model based on pulled data of the cities are constructed to estimate the marginal walking time of small-medium cities. Analyzing the relationship between marginal walking time and age/income by using the model, the marginal walking time decreases as the age increases, but is near constant from the age of 25 to 35. And the marginal walking time is inversely proportional to the income. In comparing the surveyed and the estimated values, as the statistics of coefficient of determination, MSE and MAE are 0.996, 0.163, 0.333 respectively, it may be judged that the explainability of the model is very high. The technique developed in this study can be applied to other cities.

본 연구에서는 GCAM기반 한계저감비용곡선을 도출하여, 국내의 자발적 온실가스 감축목표가 에너지시스템에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 더불어 통상의 한계저감비용곡선에서 발생하는 문제점에 대해 논의하였다. 분석 결과, 전체 배출 저감량 중 발전 부문의 석탄기술이 38.9%, AgLU(Agriculture and Land Use) 부문이 28.4%를 차지하였다. 건물, 산업 부문에서 전력을 사용하는 기술에서 높은 배출저감 잠재력을 보이지만, 그 한계저감비용은 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. 대부분 유류를 사용하는 수송 부문의 경우, 비교안에서 급격한 유류 소비가 감소하여 해당기술의 절반이상이 음의 한계저감비용으로 나타났다. 음의 한계저감비용에 대한 문제점은 이미 많은 선행연구에서도 지적되었던 바, 본 연구에서도 세부 기술별 한계저감비용곡선을 도출하는 경우 이러한 문제가 발생함을 다시 한 번 확인하였다.

This paper discusses the impacts of domestic emission reduction target or INDC(Intended Nationally Determined Contribution) on energy technology choices using GCAM-based MACC. With the introduction of 25.7% carbon cap to reference case, results obtained for carbon emission reductions by coal generation technologies and AgLU(Agriculture and Land Use) sector are 38.9% and 28.4%, respectively, showing 67.3% of the total target. For building and industrial sector, technologies using electricity show higher emission reduction potential with relatively higher MACs(Marginal Abatement Costs). For the case of transportation sector, many technologies show negative MAC due to the rapid decrease in oil liquids consumptions, resulting in the negative emission abatement. Referring to the negative MAC discussed in earlier studies, this study also confirms that this type of problem can occur in the derivation of technology-detailed MACC.

본 연구는 수자원정책의 효율성 제고를 위한 판단 자료 제공을 목적으로 업종별 공업용수의 한계생산가치 및 공업용수의 가격탄력성을 추정하였다. 두 가지 형태의 생산함수를 설정하여 추정한 공업용수의 한계가치 및 가격탄력성을 추정 결과를 보면 공업용수의 한계가치는 산업별로 차이가 있으나 공업용수의 평균 가격에 비하여 매우 큰 것으로 추정되었으며 가격탄력성 추정결과는 가격 현실화 정책 효과가 있음을 보여주고 있다.

This paper estimates the output and price elasticities of disaggregated industrial water in order to afford some information for improving the efficiency of government water policy. This paper uses the marginal productivity method for estimating the output and price elasticities of industrial water. The estimated output elasticity shows that the value of industrial water is much higher than the average price of industrial water and the estimated price elasticity shows that the water pricing policy is effective for controlling the demand of industrial water.