Earticle

본 연구는 BtoB 기업 간 거래에서 형성된 사회적 자본(social capital)이 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 지식흡수역량의 매개적 조절효과를 중심으로 연구모형을 검증하였다. 즉, 사회적 자본의 각각의 차원이 기업성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검증하였다. 기존선행연구에서 제시하지 않은 사회적 자본의 각 차원간의 관계를 검증함으로써 사회적 자본 중 어떠한 요소가 기업성과에 영향을 미치는지를 확인하였다. 또한 지식흡수능력에 따라 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 다양한 방법으로 분석하여 제시하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 사회적 자본을 3가지 차원으로 구분하였다. 즉, 구조적 차원, 관계적 차원 그리고 인지적 차원으로 구분하여 각 구성요소간의 관계를 검증하였다. 먼저 구조적 차원이 관계적 차원에 영향을 미쳤으며, 관계적 차원이 인지적 차원에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 마지막으로 구조적 차원 또한 인지적 차원에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 선행연구에서 한계점으로 지적되었던 것을 검증했다는 것에 의미가 있다. 두 번째, 사회적 자본의 각각의 구성요소들이 지식흡수역량에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 지식흡수역량이 기업성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 지식흡수역량의 중요성을 확인한 결과 사회적 자본과 기업성과 사이에서의 매개된 조절 효과도 있음을 확인하였다. BtoB 거래에서 축적된 사회적 자본을 어느 정도 흡수하는가에 따라 두 기업의 성과는 분명 다를 수 있음을 의미한다.

This study examines the effect of social capital formed on B to B inter - firm transactions on firm’s performance through a research model developed around the mediating effect of knowledge absorption capacity. In other words, we examined how each level of social capital affects firm performance. by examining the dimensions of social capital that are not presented in previous studies, we have identified how each element of social capital affects corporate performance. in addition, the effects of knowledge absorption on firm performance are analyzed and presented in various ways. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, social capital is divided into three dimensions. In other words, the relationship between structural elements, relational dimensions, and cognitive dimensions was verified. First, the structural dimension influenced the relational dimension, and the relational dimension had a positive effect on the cognitive dimension. this is meaningful in that it solved what is pointed out as a limit in previous studies. this is meaningful in that it verified what was pointed out as a limit in previous studies. secondly, the structural dimension influenced the cognitive dimension. Second, each component of social capital has a positive impact on knowledge absorption capacity. Finally, it was found that knowledge absorption capacity had a positive effect on the corporate culture, and it was confirmed that knowledge absorption capacity was important. the extent to which social capital is absorbed in BtoB transactions means that the performance of the two companies can be quite different.

다국적 기업(MNE)의 자회사 혁신 성과는 경쟁이 치열해지는 국제 환경에서 MNE의 생존과 발전에 있어서 중요하다. 지식경영의 관 점에서 자회사 혁신성과를 어떻게 추진할 것인가 하는 문제가 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 그러나 선행연구는 지식이질성이 자회사 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향의 메커니즘을 체계적으로 밝히지 않고 있다. 따라서 지식흡수능력과 지식결합능력의 조절 역할에 초점을 맞추어 내부지식이절성 (IKH)과 외부지식이절성 (EKH)가 자회사 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 중국 내 343개 자회사를 대상으로 현장조사를 실시한 결과, IKH는 자회사 혁신성과, EKH는 자회사 혁신성과와 긍정적인 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구 결과는 지식흡수능력이 IKH와 EKH의 자회사 혁신성과에 미치는 영향을 강화시켜 지식흡수능력이 높을수록 IKH와 EKH의 관계는 물 론 자회사 혁신성과도 강화된다는 것을 보여주었다. 지식결합능력 역시 IKH와 EKH와 자회사 혁신성과의 관계를 긍정적으로 조절하 여 지식결합능력이 높을수록 IKH와 EKH의 관계는 물론 자회사 혁신성과도 강화된다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 이론적, 경영적 시 사점에 대해 논의한다.

The innovation performance of subsidiaries of a multinational enterprise (MNE) is the key of the MNE's survival and development in the increasingly competitive international environment. The issue of how to promote subsidiary innovation performance from the perspective of knowledge management is becoming an important issue. However, studies do not systematically reveal the mechanisms of the effects of knowledge heterogeneity on subsidiary innovation performance. Thus, based on knowledge-based view, absorptive capability theory and dynamic capability theory, we investigated the impact of internal knowledge heterogeneity (IKH) and external knowledge heterogeneity (EKH) on subsidiary innovation performance by focusing on moderating roles of the knowledge absorptive capability and knowledge combination capability. The results of a field survey of 343 subsidiaries in China indicate that IKH is positively related to subsidiary innovation performance and EKH is positively related to subsidiary innovation performance. Besides, the findings provide that knowledge absorptive capability strengthens the effects of IKH and EKH on subsidiary innovation performance, such that the higher the knowledge absorptive capability, the stronger the relationships between IKH and EKH as well as subsidiary innovation performance. Knowledge combination capability also positively moderates the relationships between IKH and EKH and subsidiary innovation performance, such that the higher the knowledge combination capability, the stronger the relationships between IKH and EKH as well as subsidiary innovation performance. Theoretical and managerial implications of this study are discussed.

This research examined the mediation effects of knowledge absorptive capacity (KAC) and knowledge management capability (KMC), between information communication technology (ICT) implementation and firm performance. In the past, studies investigated KAC and KMC separately. While studies of KAC focus on the flow of information, those of KMC focus on knowledge creation triggered by innovative information. However, KAC and KMC are not mutually exclusive and as such we investigated them together in this research. We surveyed 126 companies and analyzed hypotheses with LISREL analysis. This research provided empirical support for the Nonaka’s contention that the information processing has a positive effect on knowledge creation. We also found that there is a mediation effect between ICT implementation and firm performance. Not only is there a direct effect of ICT implementation on firm performance, but there is an indirect effect through KAC and KMC. KAC has a positive effect on both KMC and firm performance. However, it has been discovered that while KMC has mediation effect, it is not significant as an independent factor for firm performance.

변기업은 변화하는 환경 속에서 생존하기 위해 다양한 전략으로 경쟁우위를 창출하고자 한다. 이에, 경쟁우 위를 창출하는 방법에 대한 연구도 끊임없이 전개되고 있다. 이러한 상황은 기업의 혁신능력을 강화하도록 촉구하며 또한 지식창출의 변화가 매우 중요한 역할이 되었다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 자원기반 관점을 바탕으로 지적자본과 흡수능 력 프레임워크가 경쟁우위에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이에, 한국 중소기업의 샘플을 통해 지식흡수능 력, 지식 창출, 지적 자본 및 내/외부 소스의 경쟁 우위 사이의 연계를 수행하는지 확인해보고자 한다. 이러한 목적을 검증하기 위해 15개 산업에서 106개의 공급업체의 설문이 수집되었다. 연구 모델은 SEM(구조 방정식 모델링)을 채택하 고 AMOS 22를 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 모든 가설은 채택되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 흡수 능력이 공급업체의 경쟁 우위를 키우는 데 있어 중요한 요소임을 의미한다. 또한, 지적 자본은 공급업체의 지식 재고의 중요한 구성 요소로 간주되어야 하며, 이것이 경쟁력에 대한 흡수 능력 영향을 크게 강화한다는 것을 제시한다. 향후 연구는 연구 모델을 다양한 국제적 환경이나 다국적 기업에서 검증하여 일반화 가능성을 향상시키는 것을 목표로 할 것이다.

This raises the question of how competitive advantage can be created, prompting firms to enhance their capacity for change. In this context, the role of knowledge creation becomes increasingly vital. This research aims to explore the role of intellectual capital and how to improve knowledge cration ability through absorptive capacity framework. It examines the links among knowledge acquisition, learning of new knowledge, knowledge creation, intellectual capital, and competitive advantage, drawing from both internal and external sources. The study focuses on small and medium-sized supplier firms in Korea, with data collected from 15 industries, totaling 106 responses. The research model employs structural equation modeling (SEM) and utilizes AMOS 22 for analysis. As anticipated, all hypotheses were supported. The study provides robust evidence that absorptive capacity is a pivotal factor in cultivating suppliers' competitive advantage. Furthermore, it posits that intellectual capital should be viewed as a criucial component of suppliers' knowledge stock, significantly enhancing the impact of absorptive capacity on their competitive edge. Future studies should aim to validate the research model in different international settings or across multinational corporations to enhance its generalizabulity.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between IT human capability and knowledge transfer and the role of absorptive capacity between them. From the test of both measurement and structural model using Partial Least Squares (PLS), IT human capability is found to be significant to absorptive capacity and knowledge transfer. Absorptive capacity is also significantly related to knowledge transfer. The interesting result found in this study is that the path of absorptive capacity drawn from IT human capability to knowledge transfer is stronger than the direct relationship between IT human capability and knowledge transfer, indicating that absorptive capacity plays an important role in knowledge transfer. This result indicates that IT personnel with stronger technical skill, interpersonal skill and management capability are more likely to acquire and learn knowledge effectively from outside expertise. Moreover, this study shows that absorptive capacity, the individual’s ability to utilize external knowledge is derived from IT human capability and strongly effects on transferring knowledge from outsourcing vendors. This study suggests IT related managers that the development of IT human capability and absorptive capacity should be recognized for a successful exploitation of outside knowledge within a firm. It is also a necessary condition for a successful IT implementation and maintenance independently and economically from outside vendors.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the structural relationship of between organizational culture of 5-star hotel and knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity and service innovative behavior. Using IBM SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 24.0 program for analysis, the results from this empirical study with 475 samples of hotel employees in South Korea show that H1:organizational culture on knowledge sharing is adopt, H2:organizational culture on absorptive capacity is adopt, H3:organizational culture on service innovative behavior on adopt, H4:knowledge sharing on absorptive capacity is adopt, H5 knowledge sharing on service innovative behavior is adopt, H6:absorptive capacity on service innovative behavior is adopt, and H7:knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity have partially mediating effect of the relationship between organizational culture and service innovative behavior. Research and practical implications include the following. The relationship between OC and SIB has academical significance according to the partially sequential mediating effect of KS and AC. Employees should be able to make effective use of trust, autonomy, transparency in decision making, and mutual advice within departments.

본 연구에서는 환경 격변성, 지식 전략, 흡수 역량, 혁신 성과 간의 관계를 검증하였다. 지식 전략은 탐험과 활용 개념에 바탕을 두어 분류하고, 흡수 역량도 잠재적 흡수역량과 실현된 흡수역량으로 세분하고 혁신도 급진적 혁신과 점진적 혁신으로 구분하였다. 연구 가설은 크게 세 부분으로 나뉜다. 첫째 지식 전략이 각각 독립적으로 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향을 회귀분석을 통하여 분석한 결과, 탐험적 지식전략은 급진적 혁신성과와 점진적 혁신성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주지만 활용적 지식전략은 점진적 혁신성과에만 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 지식전략과 혁신성과와의 관계에 환경 격변성과 흡수 역량이 조절 기능을 하는지를 분석하였다. 탐험적 지식전략과 급진적 혁신성과 간 관계에 대하여 잠재적 흡수역량인 취득과 동화 역량은 조절 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 잠재적 흡수역량이 클수록 탐험적 지식전략이 급진적 혁신성과에 미치는 영향이 커진다. 실현된 흡수능력 중 활용 역량은 조절 효과가 있으나 변형 역량은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 잠재적 흡수 역량은 점진적 혁신성과에도 조절 효과가 있었다. 실현된 흡수역량은 탐험적 지식전략과 결합이 되면 혁신에는 영향을 미치지 못한다는 결과는 선행 연구와 대체로 일치한다. 이와 유사하게 선행 연구에서는 활용적 지식전략이 실현된 흡수역량의 지원을 받으면 점진적 혁신 성과에 영향을 미친다는 사실을 확인하고 있는데 본 연구에서도 가설이 지지되었다. 단 급진적 혁신성과에는 변형 역량만 영향을 미치는 것으로 판명되었다. 환경 격변성은 탐험적 지식전략-점진적 혁신성과 간의 관계에 대한 조절 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났고 나머지 모두에게는 조절 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 셋째 구성형태접근법을 따라 환경 격변성, 지식 전략, 흡수 역량 간의 총체적인 적합성이 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향 등을 군집분석을 적용하여 조사하였다. 전반적인 방향은 가설과 일치하나 가설을 지지하기에는 부족하였다.

The purpose of this study identifies the relationships among knowledge strategy, absorptive capacity, environmental turbulence and innovation outcome. Knowledge strategy is classified into exploration and exploitation, absorptive capacity is divided into potential absorptive capacity and realized absorptive capacity, and innovation outcome is extricated into radical and incremental. Our research data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 143 listed manufacturing companies in Korea. Major findings are as follows. First, exploration knowledge strategy influences positively radical and incremental innovation outcome while exploitation knowledge strategy influences positively only incremental innovation outcome. Second, acqusition and assimilation of potential absorptive capacity have a moderating effect on the relationship between exploration knowledge strategy and radical innovation outcome while only exploitation of realized absorptive capacity on the relationship between exploration knowledge strategy and radical innovation outcome. potential absorptive capacity have a moderating effect on the relationship between exploration knowledge strategy and incremental innovation outcome. Realized absorptive capacity have a moderating effect on the relationship between exploitation knowledge strategy and incremental innovation outcome while only transformation of realized absorptive capacity on the relationship between exploitation knowledge strategy and radical innovation outcome. Environmental turbulence moderates except the relationship between potential knowledge strategy and incremental innovation outcome. Third, configurations approach does not support the last hypothesis.

다국적기업은 익숙하지 않은 해외시장환경을 극복하는 동시에 글로벌 경쟁에서 생존하고 지 속적으로 성장하기 위한 경쟁우위를 확보해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 모기업이 보유한 기업특유우위 (firm-specific advantage)를 효과적으로 자회사에게 이전할 수 있어야 한다. 하지만, 동일 소유권 하의 기업이라 하더라도 국경을 넘어 관련 지식을 이전하기 위해서는 다양한 장애요인들이 존재하며, 이러한 장애요인을 극복하기 위해서는 효과적 통제 운영방식이 중요하다. 국제지식이전 분야 연구에서 다국적 기업의 통제 운영원리와 지식이전 성과와의 관계는 중요한 이슈로 논의되고 있으나, 서로 일치하지 않는 실증분석 결과가 보고되고 있어 통제 운영원리와 지식이전과의 관계를 일반화하는데 한계가 존재한다. 위계적 관점의 선행연구에서는 모기업의 중앙집권적인 통제방식이 효과적 지식이전을 촉진한다고 주 장한다. 반면, 해외자회사의 자율성에 초점을 맞춘 연구에서는 공식적이고 관료적인 통제방식 보다는 의 사소통 및 교류, 협력과 같은 사회적 통제방식을 통해 지식이전의 성과가 높아진다는 실증결과가 제시되 었다. 지식이전과 통제방식간의 관계에 대한 상반된 실증결과들이 제시된 이유는 지식이전의 성과를 측 정하는 관점에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 모기업의 해외자회사에 대한 중앙집권적 통제는 해외자회사로의 절대 적인 지식이전의 양적 성과를 증대시키는데 효과적일 수 있다. 반면, 모기업으로부터 이전받은 지식의 질적 성과, 다시 말해 현지자회사가 현지 환경에 맞추어 수정 및 변환하여 효과적으로 활용하기 위해서 는 해외자회사의 자율성 보장이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 이러한 기존연구의 한계를 극복하고자 국내 다국적기업의 통제 운영원리가 중국 진출 해외자회사의 흡수역량 및 지식습득에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하며, 지식이전 성과의 두 가지 관점 중 양적 성과에 초점을 맞추어 통제 운영원리와의 관계 를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 분석대상을 중국 진출 국내 다국적기업의 자회사로 한정한 이유는 중국은 2001년 WTO 가입 이후 급격한 소득증대 및 경제성장을 실현하고 있어 그 중요성이 더욱 커지고 있으 며 국내기업의 진출이 가장 활발한 지역 중 하나이기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 다국적기업의 통제 운영원리를 운영통제(operational control)와 사회적 통제(social control)로 구분한 후 이들 통제 운영원리가 해외자회사의 흡수역량 및 지식습득과의 구조적 관계를 설 정하였다. 분석 대상은 완전소유형태로 중국에 진출한 해외자회사 중 생산기능을 확보하고 있는 생산 및 판매법인만을 표본으로 선정하였다. 표본으로 선정된 702개 법인을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 105개 기업으로부터 설문이 회수되었으며(회수율 14.9%) 불충분한 6개의 응답 자료를 제외한 99개의 자 료를 통해 분석을 실시하였다. 구조방정식 모형을 통한 실증분석 결과, 모기업의 운영통제는 해외자회사 의 지식습득에는 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 운영통제와 해외자회사의 흡수역량간의 관 계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않게 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 모기업의 적극적인 의사결정 참여와 같은 운영통제는 해외자회사에 대한 지식 유출량을 증가시킬 수는 있지만, 이전 받은 지식을 효과적으로 학습 할 수 있는 흡수역량 증진에는 직접적인 영향을 미치지 못한다는 것을 의미한다. 모기업의 해외자회사에 대한 사회적 통제는 자회사의 지식습득 뿐 아니라 흡수역량 증진에도 긍정적 인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 조직학습 관점의 기존연구에서도 조직 내(intra-firm) 효과적 의사소 통 및 협력과 같은 사회적 통제는 지식이전 성과를 촉진시킨다는 분석결과가 다수 보고되었다. 본 연구 에서는 중국 진출 국내 다국적기업을 대상으로 사회적 통제가 흡수역량 및 지식이전 성과의 중요한 선 행요인임을 다시금 확인하였다. 더불어 본 연구에서는 사회적 통제가 흡수역량을 경유하여 지식습득에 영향을 미치는 매개효과를 실증적으로 밝혀냈다는 점이 기존연구와의 차별성이다. 또한, 중국 진출 국내 기업의 흡수역량을 증진시킴으로써 현지기업과의 경쟁에서 생존하고 지속적으로 성장할 수 있도록 지원 하기 위해서는 모기업과 자회사간의 의사소통 채널을 보다 다양화하고 긴밀한 협력관계 구축에 힘써야 한다는 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 해외자회사의 흡수역량은 모기업으로부터의 지식습득에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 자회사의 흡수역량이 증진되면 새로운 지식의 가치를 신속히 파악하고 이를 보다 효과적 으로 활용할 수 있기 때문에 궁극적으로 지식이전 성과를 높인다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 국내 다국적기업 본사는 중국 진출 자회사 대상의 학습조직 운영 및 교육·훈련에 대한 투자를 증대해야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 국내 다국적기업 본사와 중국 진출 해외자회사 간의 지식이전을 분석함에 있어 지식이전 객체 중 일방인 해외자회사만을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다는데 한계가 존재한다. 보다 엄격한 실증결 과를 도출하기 위해서는 동일한 표본 집단에 대해 지식제공자인 모기업과 지식습득자인 해외자회사 양 방(dyadic)으로부터 자료를 수집하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계를 최소화하고자 본 사 근무 경험이 있는 법인장 또는 해외주재원만을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 향후에는 본 연구의 이 러한 한계를 보완하여 동일 표본 집단에 대해 양방으로부터 자료를 수집한 실증연구가 이루어지기를 기대한다.

Firms entering international markets should not only overcome but also adapt to the changes in global market environment to compete successfully in their global markets. Particularly, by transferring firm- specific knowledge to their foreign subsidiaries, they can gain competitive advantages in their foreign markets. However, knowledge transfer from the parent to the subsidiary is not easy and automatic process, faced with various barriers even in intra-organizational transfer. Parent firms should be operating a control mechanism and assist the subsidiaries to learn from them effectively. The relationship between control mechanism and successful knowledge transfer within organizational units of multinational enterprises(MNEs) has become a central issue to maintaining sustainable competitive advantages. Thus, the study of MNES’ control mechanism into international knowledge transfer has been considered to be one of the key areas of academic research in international business. However, The consensus of the empirical results that previous research on the relationship between the level of control and knowledge transfer have not reported. Some literature demonstrated that the level of control by headquarter is positively associated with effectiveness of the knowledge transfer. However, the other researchers found that a subsidiary endowed with a greater level of decision-making autonomy contributed more to transfer of knowledge. Control of subsidiary’s management by parent firm facilitates speed and amount of knowledge flow to its subsidiary; however, it eventually leads to impeding willingness and efforts that the subsidiary is willing to make to utilize knowledge transferred from its parent firm. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the control mechanism on the absorptive capacity and knowledge acquisition of foreign subsidiaries in china. The sample firms be analyzed were ninety-nine subsidiaries in china. The five hypothesis including mediated effect were analyzed by using structural equation modeling. The analysis results have following findings. First, the operational control positively affects the knowledge acquisition of foreign subsidiaries, while there was not significant effect in the absorptive capacity. Operational control of parent firm facilitates speed and amount of knowledge flow to its subsidiary. However, it eventually leads to impeding willingness and efforts that the subsidiary is willing to make to utilize knowledge transferred from its parent firm. Second, the social control affects both the absorptive capacity and the knowledge acquisition in a positive way. In other words, the social control affects the knowledge acquisition indirectly through improving the subsidiary’s absorptive capacity. Finally, The absorptive ca- pacity affects the knowledge acquisition positively. In the results of analysis show not only the control mechanism such as operational control, social control but also the absorptive capacity of the foreign subsidiaries important roles in knowledge transfer between the two entities. There are some limitations in this study. The data are collected from the foreign subsidiaries. Because the performance of international knowledge transfer is also affected by characteristics of parent firms and relationship between the two entities, the data should be also gathered from the parent firm to draw the whole picture of technology transfer process more accurately. However, it is very hard in reality to gather all the data from both parent firm and its subsidiaries. So, we did a survey to expatriate managers who have previous experience of working in the parent firm before dispatching to the foreign subsidiaries.

Considering how an organization is timely competitive for survival in the rapidly changing environment of today, it is more important to get new information and knowledge continuously by teams. However team system provides organization with opportunities and, at the same time, is provoked into conflict by the diversity of team members. This study examines the effect of team diversity on knowledge creation and investigates the influence of absorptive capacity and conflict as mediators. The sample population consisted of officials who work in teams at two business corporations that have successfully achieved knowledge creation. The result presents team diversity serves as an effective factor for absorptive capacity and absorptive capacity also serves as an effective factor for knowledge creation. In contrast, team diversity brings team members into conflict and conflict has a negative effect on knowledge creation. Another significant finding of this research is the fact that a positive effect of absorptive capacity on knowledge creation is greater than a negative effect of conflict on it. It clearly demonstrates that team diversity can be an important determinant of knowledge creation if an organization tries to reduce team member"s conflict.

오늘날 많은 기업들은 지식을 바탕으로 경쟁우위를 창출하고 있고 조직 내 지식확산을 경쟁우위를 획득하기 위한 방법으로 고려하고 있다. 조직구성원들의 지식공유에 대한 관심이 증대됨에 따라, 기업들은 CoP를 통한 지식공유에 관심을 가지게 되었고 CoP를 채택하여 운영하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CoP에서의 지식공유에 영향을 미치는 상반적 요인과 CoP에서의 지식공유가 업무성과에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 이를 위해 흡수역량을 매개로 하는 연구모형을 제시하고 구조방정식 모델을 기반으로 한 LISREL 8.7을 이용하여 실증적으로 검증하였다. 실증분석 결과, 지식투입노력손실이 CoP에서의 지식공유에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤고, 호혜규범과 기대보상감은 CoP에서의 지식공유에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 CoP에서의 지식공유는 흡수역량을 매개로 업무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 분석결과를 토대로 이론과 실무에서의 시사점을 제시하였다.

In a dynamic and turbulent environment, knowledge represents a critical resource to create value and competitive advantages and one of the sources of competitive advantage is to create, share, and apply knowledge among employees. Because of increasing interest in knowledge-sharing, firms have become interested in knowledge-sharing through CoP(community of practice). Most firms engaged in knowledge management run communities of practice to facilitate the creation, sharing, and use of knowledge. This study aims to investigate factors influencing knowledge-sharing in CoP and the effects of knowledge-sharing in CoP on job performance. For this purpose, we present a research model that consists of absorptive capacity as mediating factor and test it empirically using LISREL 8.7 based on the structural equation model. The empirical results showed that loss of knowledge codification effort had negatively impact on knowledge-sharing in CoP and the norm of reciprocity, expected reward had positively impact on knowledge-sharing in CoP. Knowledge-sharing in CoP had positively impact on job performance through absorptive capacity. In conclusion, we suggested both theoretical and practical implications of this research.

최근 다국적기업의 경쟁우위 창출에 있어 해외자회사의 역할이 중요시 되면서 상대적으로 부족했던 해외자회사의 현지시장에서의 지식획득에 관한 논의가 점차적으로 주목을 받고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 해외자회사의 시장지향성, 현지시장 지식획득, 그리고 자회사 성과와의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 즉, 해외자회사가 시장지향성 조직문화를 통해 구축할 수 있는 현지시장 지식획득의 영향요인으로 해외자회사 잠재적 흡수능력, 현지국 관계적 체화성, 그리고 해외자회사의 학습경험을 고려하였다. 또한 이렇게 획득된 현지 시장지식이 자회사의 성과에 영향을 미치는데 있어 자회사의 실현적 흡수능력의 조절효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국에 진출한 253개의 다국적기업 해외자회사를 대상으로 조사를 하였으며, AMOS(7.0 version)과 SPSS(15.0 version)을 사용하여 수집된 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과 해외자회사의 시장지향성은 자회사의 잠재적 흡수능력, 현지국 관계적 체화성, 그리고 자회사 학습경험 모두에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고, 현지국 관계적 체화성, 자회사 학습경험은 자회사의 잠재적 흡수능력에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 반면 앞선 세 요인들과 현지시장 지식획득 간의 관계에 있어서는 해외자회사의 잠재적 흡수능력만이 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 또한 해외자회사 현지시장 지식획득은 자회사 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 이들의 관계에 있어 자회사의 실현적 흡수능력이 조절효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

In response to an increased need of balancing pressures for global integration and local responsiveness, foreign subsidiaries are demanded to play a prominent role in creating and transferring knowledge, valuable for the multinational corporation (MNC). In this context, a key managerial problem pertains to identifying the relationship between local market knowledge acquisition of foreign subsidairy and performance. If companies want to acquire local market knowledge, they should precede market orientation. Especially, foreign subsidiary that takes charge of business activities in unfamiliar environment has to obtain various factors to acquire local market knowledge. Prior to this, it’s most important that companies construct organizational culture which leads them to fully understand the desire of local customers and the strategy for the local market. This study is to examine that the market orientation of foreign subsidiary influences on the local market knowledge acquisition and performance of foreign subsidiary through variables of the potential absorptive capacity of foreign subsidiary, the local relational embeddedness, and the learning experience of foreign subsidiary. Also this study identify the moderating effect of realized absorptive capacity between the local market knowledge acquisition and performance of foreign subsidiary. For a more realistic approach the data was collected from foreign subsidiaries in South Korea. 253 samples were used for this analysis with AMOS (7.0 version) and SPSS (15.0 version). Collected samples were tested by factor analysis and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients and were found to be satisfactory in terms of validity and reliability. Furthermore, fitness of the measurement model was tested by using confirmatory factor analysis and fitness of the model for hypothesis testing was adequate on various goodness of fit indices. There are following empirical results. First, the market orientation of foreign subsidiary has a significant effect on the potential absorptive capacity of foreign subsidiary, the local relational embeddedness, and the learning experience of foreign subsidiary. Second, the local relational embeddedness, and the learning experience of foreign subsidiary have an effect on the potential absorptive capacity of foreign subsidiary, Third, the potential absorptive capacity of foreign subsidiary only play a significant role on the local market knowledge acquisition. Finally, the realized absorptive capacity play a significant role in moderating between the local market knowledge acquisition and performance of foreign subsidiary. Even though this study tried hard to provide meaningful results and implications, there still are some limitations. First, since we had selected foreign subsidiaries as subjects of the analysis, we only chose the ones that run their business only in Korea. Thus, it may not be appropriate to argue that the result of this study can be applied to other countries, because of different cultures and systems. Second, this study put restraints on the subjects of the analysis by selecting only foreign subsidiaries of MNCs currently operating production and sales in Korea. Accordingly, it is hard to say that the result of this study can be adapted to other subsidiaries which were established under different purposes such research and development or resource development. Finally, since we only got the response from one personnel per each corporation, the result of the analysis can be biased by subjectivity of the respondent. In other words, the problem of common method bias can occur. To settle those problems, further studies could use the second source added to questionnaire to minimize such problem, for example, getting a multiple response from one subsidiary, or using more objective measurements such as an introduction rate of technology acquired in local market in measuring the level of local market knowledge acquisition.

Due to the recent growing uncertainty and competition in the global business environment, knowledge is considered to be a dominant source of competitive advantage Very few firms, however, are capable of creating the requisite knowledge and thus, firms should acquire and exploit new knowledge through knowledge transfer processes. Given the significance of knowledge, this study examines the relationships among local adaptability of knowledge, level of knowledge transfer and firm performance and tests a moderating role of absorptive capacity within the boundary of MNCs. Results of the empirical analyses using survey data collected from subsidiaries of MNCs in Korea present that local adaptability of knowledge leads to high level of knowledge transfer, which contributes to high performance. In addition, subsidiaries with strong absorptive capacity can acquire more external knowledge from the headquarters and other subsidiaries and achieve high performance.

Although there has been much research on knowledge management and knowledge transfer, most literatures have been focused on issues related to the knowledge transfer process between partners within the context of strategic alliance or joint venture, but issue within an intra-MNE knowledge transfer has respectively received little attention Furthermore previous studies related to type of knowledge have been dominated by research on R&D, new product development (NPD), and marketing, but rarely on issues related to business know-how. This study empirically tried to find the issue as to what factors facilitate effectiveness of knowledge transfer to subsidiary. In order to address these research questions, this study explores both theoretically and empirically determinants of cross-border knowledge transfer from Korean multinational enterprises' parent to subsidiaries in a variety of foreign markets. Moreover, this study additionally explored the phenomena that a moderating effect between the levels of high and low of absorptive capabilities subsidiaries have in foreign markets. Based on a survey of the Korean subsidiaries located in overseas, cultural distance and psychic distance between headquarters and its subsidiaries evidently decrease the transferability of business know-how. In addition, the extent of autonomy of subsidiary significantly affects effectiveness of transfer of business know-how with a negative sign. On the other hand, a higher transferability of business know-how to subsidiaries occurs when the degree of organizational learning culture, commitment, and prior experience of the headquarters are higher. This study also sequentially verified that moderating effect of absorptive capabilities. As a result, this study demonstrated subsidiaries must have the capabilities to absorb inputs in order to generate output and without such a capacity, they cannot absorb, interpret, understand, and utilize the transferred knowledge of business know-how from headquarters.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between IT human capability and knowledge transfer and the role of absorptive capacity between them. From the test of both measurement and structural model using Partial Least Squares (PLS), IT human capability is found to be significant to absorptive capacity and knowledge transfer. Absorptive capacity is also significantly related to knowledge transfer. The interesting result found in this study is that the path of absorptive capacity drawn from IT human capability to knowledge transfer is stronger than the direct relationship between IT human capability and knowledge transfer, indicating that absorptive capacity plays an important role in knowledge transfer. This result indicates that IT personnel with stronger technical skill, interpersonal skill and management capability are more likely to acquire and learn knowledge effectively from outside expertise. Moreover, this study shows that absorptive capacity, the individual’s ability to utilize external knowledge is derived from IT human capability and strongly effects on transferring knowledge from outsourcing vendors. This study suggests IT related managers that the development of IT human capability and absorptive capacity should be recognized for a successful exploitation of outside knowledge within a firm. It is also a necessary condition for a successful IT implementation and maintenance independently and economically from outside vendors.

Knowledge1 is considered to be a key element of understanding how organizations gain and sustain competitive advantages. But very few firms are capable of creating the requisite knowledge and thus, firms should acquire and exploit new knowledge through knowledge transfer processes. The empirical part of this study involves examining relationships among adaptability of knowledge and knowledge transfer and marketing performance and testing the moderating roles of absorptive capacity, socialization and local marketing knowledge. This study is organized as follows: (1) Previous literature on knowledge, knowledge transfer and absorptive capacity is summarized, followed by the development of hypotheses derived from the knowledge-based view and absorptive capacity. (2) The hypotheses are tested with data collected from MNCs' subsidiaries performing marketing activities in Korea.Thestudyisclosedwithfindings,implications,andconclusions. Following six research hypotheses are drawn from literature review in related areas: H1: Adaptability of knowledge transferred from the MNCs' headquarters and other subsidiaries is positively associated with knowledge inflows into the receiving subsidiary. H2: The level of marketing knowledge transferred from the MNCs' headquarters and other subsidiaries is positively associated with marketing performance of the receiving subsidiary. H3: Increases in potential absorptive capacity will enhance the relationship between adaptability of knowledge and the level of marketing knowledge transfer. H4: Increases in realized absorptive capacity will enhance the relationship between the level of knowledge transfer and marketing performance of the receiving subsidiary. H5: Increases in socialization activity among the headquarters and subsidiaries will enhance the relationship between adaptability of knowledge and the level of marketing knowledge transfer. H6: Increases in the level of locally developed marketing knowledge will enhance the relationship between the level of knowledge transfer and marketing performance of the receiving subsidiary. The research framework that illustrates the proposed hypotheses is presented in figure 1. The unit of analysis for this study is knowledge transfer from the MNCs' headquarters and other subsidiaries to their subsidiaries operating in South Korea. The population for this study consists of subsidiaries established either as joint ventures or as wholly-owned subsidiaries. A group of 603 foreign firms were drawn from diverse industry organizations and business societies. After personal contact, telephone, fax, and e-mail to request that the respondents complete the questionnaire, 282 valid questionnaires from 133 initial sample companies were collected. The results of the empirical analyses significantly support all of the proposed hypotheses except hypothesis 3. Adaptability of external knowledge promotes knowledge transfer and the relationship is moderated by a firm's potential knowledge absorptive capacity. On the other hand, knowledge transfer improves a firm's marketing performance and a firm's realized knowledge absorptive capacity and local marketing knowledge moderate the relationship. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings in this study are as follows: (1) firms must take seeking, transferring, sharing and exploiting of external knowledge into serious consideration, while simultaneously creating knowledge to support the necessary business operations, remain competitive, and achieve superior performance. (2) Firms should continuously seek to develop their knowledge absorptive capacity (both potential and realized capacity) to absorb, learn and utilize valuable external knowledge. (3) Firms should emphasize not only absorptive capacity, but also development of local knowledge. Firms with strong absorptive capability and local knowledge can learn and transfer more external knowledge, which can be translated into greater levels of competence and performa

The objective of this research is to identify key components of potential absorptive capacity influencing marketing knowledge acquisition from foreign parents in IJVs. The research focuses particularly on marketing knowledge as it is another pivot contributing to organizational competitiveness together with technology. In order to explore the issue, OLS regression analyses are commonly used in most of the previous studies in examining similar topics. Our findings reveal that to embark on knowledge acquisition as an initial stage, IJVs possessing "intent to learn" and "sufficient international experience" with parent firms sharing "cultural compatibility" will be a better knowledge acquirers. These results provide useful implications to MNEs which plan to establish the hybrid formations with local firms in foreign markets.

This paper investigates the effects of absorptive capacity (i.e., possession of prior related knowledge and willingness to learn) of multinational corporations (MNCs) and social capital (i.e., communication, trust, and organizational cultural similarity) between MNCs and foreign subsidiaries on Reverse Knowledge Transfer (RKT). A database of 228 MNCs operating in Korea and have foreign subsidiaries through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) was collected by survey. This empirical study proves that the willingness to learn, trust and organizational cultural similarity are the most key factors for a successful RKT. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that communication is also significant factor in the absence of absorptive capacity. In contradiction of previous studies, possession of prior related knowledge has no significant impact on the RKT.

본 연구는 우리나라의 벤처기업을 대상으로 지식 흡수능력이 혁신성과에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 지식 흡수능력과 혁신성과의 관계에서 기업가적 지향성의 조절효과와 환경동태성을 고려한 삼원 상호작용 효과(three-way interaction effects)를 분석하였다. 주요 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지식 흡수능력은 일정수준까지는 지식 흡수능력의 정도가 증가할수록 혁신성과가 높아지지만, 지식 흡수능력의 지나친 증가는 오히려 혁신성과에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 지식 흡수능력과 혁신성과는 역 U자 형의 곡선관계를 가진다. 둘째, 지식 흡수능력과 혁신성과의 관계에 기업가적 지향성이 정(+)의 조절효과를 보였다. 즉, 기업가적 지향성의 정도는 지식 흡수능력과 혁신성과간의 역 U자 형의 곡선관계의 강도에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 동태적인 환경일수록 이들의 상호작용 효과가 혁신성과에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 이를 통해서, 지식 흡수능력의 혁신성과에 대한 효과를 제고하기 위해서는 기업가적 지향성의 뒷받침이 필요하다는 점을 확인할 수 있다. 본 연구결과의 시사점을 요약하면, 첫째, 기업의 혁신성과를 제고시키기 위해서는 적정 수준의 지식 흡수능력을 소유하는 것이 중요하다. 둘째, 환경동태성이 높을수록 기업가적 지향성은 흡수된 지식들과 레버리지 작용으로 수익체감을 방지하고 혁신성과를 강화시키는데 중요하다는 점 등을 제시할 수 있다.

This study examines the impact of knowledge absorptive capacity on innovation performance of Korean ventures and the moderating impact of entrepreneurial orientation. We further examine the three-way interaction approach by considering the environmental dynamism. Using 125 samples of Korean ventures, we find an inverted curvilinear relationship between knowledge absorptive capacity and innovation performance. Additionally, as the level of entrepreneurial orientation increases, the inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship between knowledge absorptive capacity and innovation performance becomes stronger. Lastly, under the higher environmental dynamism, the interaction impact of entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge absorptive capacity may positively affect innovation performance. The findings’ implications for research and managerial practice are discussed.