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The description of preserved resources is one of the requirements in digital preservation. The description is generally created in the format of metadata records, and those records are combined to generate information packages to support the process of digital preservation. However, current strategies or models of digital preservation may not generate information packages in efficient ways. To overcome these problems, this research proposed an internal structure of information packages in digital preservation. In order to construct the internal structure, this research analyzed existing metadata standards and cataloging rules such as Dublin Core, MARC, and FRBR to extract the core elements of resource description. The extracted elements were categorized according to their semantics and functions, which resulted in three categories of core elements. These categories and core elements were manifested by using RDF syntax in order to be substantially applied to combine metadata records in digital preservation. Although the internal structure is not intended to create metadata records, it is expected to provide an alternative approach to enable combining existing metadata records in the context of digital preservation in a more flexible way.

Purpose: It is important to examine the attitudes of future nurses toward adopting a sustainabilityapproach in their nursing practice. This study aimed to test the Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey2 psychometrically. Methods: The methodological, descriptive study was conducted in November 2019 on nursing students(n ¼ 286) at a university in Turkiye. Data were analyzed for reliability and validity tests. Statistics of thelinguistic content validity analysis and exploratory/confirmatory factor analysis were performed todetermine the scale's validity. Cronbach Alpha coefficient, floor and ceiling impacts, Tukey's test, andHotelling's T2 test, test-retest reliability were determined for the scale's reliability. Results: The content validity index of the scale, which consists of five items and one dimension, is .98. Factor loadings were above .30, all the fit indices were >.95, c2/df was 1.58, and the root means squareerror of approximation was .045. Cronbach's a was .75. The floor and ceiling impacts were 0.0% and 3.1%. In Tukey's test, F was 3.43 and p was .064. In Hotelling's T2 test, Hotelling's T2 was 265.59 and F was 65.68(p < .001). Item-total correlation coefficients were between .37 and .63. The test-retest correlation coefficientwas .39. Conclusion: The scale is a valid and reliable instrument in the Turkish language. It is advised to use thescale in determining attitudes towards sustainability among nursing students, evaluating the effectivenessof training, and taking student opinions in curriculum revisions. Also, the study allowed crosscountrycomparisons, and it is thought that it can guide studies on the inclusion of sustainability principlesin nursing practices.

This study investigated the factor structure of the listening and reading sections of a TOEIC practice test using a bifactor model and a two-tier model that are based on a full-information item factor analysis. The data was drawn from 3158 college students’ responses to a TOEIC practice test. The results showed that the listening factor is essentially unidimensional whereas the reading factor is bidimensional: one primary factor for reading comprehension and a minor factor for vocabulary and grammar. The analyses also suggested that the listening and reading factors are highly correlated but distinctive skills. Subsequently these factor structures were compared and contrasted to the results from previous validation studies of the TOEIC test in the literature, Finally pedagogical implications were discussed

The paper outlines the changes in the internal structure of Ulaanbaatar taken place since the fall of socialism in Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, encounters increasing urban development problems, similar to many cities in the developing countries. The problems have been accumulated during the socialist era, and accelerated by the reforms of entire political and economic systems, unregulated market development and the rapid population growth generated by in-migration. The internal structure and land use patterns of Ulaanbaatar, as a former socialist city, have been created and re-formed through four time revisions of the capital city's master plans. Since the transition to a market economy the city of Ulaanbaatar has experienced much more developments, which resulted in changes of the spatial and functional structure of the city. The most salient transformations among others are as follows: 1. the increase of commercial functions in the city centre and inner city area, 2. the expansion of the urbanized areas along with the growth of informal as well as formal ger-settlements, 3. the emergence of some satellite nodes with clusters of commercial functions, and 4. residential suburbanization in the outer city by single family houses

In this study, a scientific analysis of the gold leaf layers and internal structure of the Clay Seated Vairocana Buddha Triad in Seonunsa Temple, Gochang (Treasure No. 1752) was conducted. The surface of the Buddha statues is a gold foil, and the gold leaf layer consists of four layers. The gold leaf layer first composed on the molding clay was produced in the order of lacquer-fabrics-lacquer-gold foil. Subsequently, it was confirmed that the work was performed three times in the same way. The composition of the Buddha statues was divided into the head, body or upper body, lower body, and pedestal. The body was made in a cylindrical form by connecting vertically oriented wooden materials, and the head and lower body were also connected to the body in an empty form. Thus, the head, body, and lower body are grafted structures that are connected to a single Bokjang-gong. It was confirmed that the Clay Seated Vairocana Buddha Triad in Seonunsa Temple was made using wood materials for the basic form, after which the detailed form was created with molding clay, and the surface was finished with a process of layering gold foil and substances presumed to be lacquer.

This paper examines how the boundary and efficiency of internal capital markets (e.g., firm size) is affected by corporate spin-offs. A spin-off is classified by its organizational structure: whether or not spun-off firms are operationally controlled or focused by parent firms after a spin-off. Surprisingly, in about 58% of the 102 spin-off transactions we studied, parent firms retain “control” of spun-off firms through overlapping management. Our result implies that these two types of parent firms are systematically different in their management of the internal capital market. That is, we find that corporate spin-offs themselves do not change investment sensitivity in parent firms after spin-offs. However, investment activities have already been sensitive to the change in Tobin’s Q around the spin-off events for the focused parent firms. In contrast, the controlling parent firms turn out to have maintained inefficient capital markets around spin-offs. We find that most of the focused parent firms in our spin-off sample are much larger than the controlling parent firms prior to spin-offs. Furthermore, for the controlling (focused) parents, the investment sensitivity increases (decreases) as firm size increases. These results are consistent with our argument that a spin-off appears to be a means to maintain an optimal firm size as suggested in Aron (1988), Gertner, Scharfstein, and Stein (1994) and Stein (1997). We show that the pre- and post spin-off marketadjusted performances are also consistent with the efficiency of the internal capital markets under these two types of parents.

Purpose: This study evaluated the internal structure (structural validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance) of the Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument with Eight Items (HINT-8), developed to measure Korean people's health-related quality of life. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, involving 6,167 adults aged over 18 years. The structural validity of the HINT-8 was assessed using exploratory graph analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and measurement invariance were analyzed using McDonald's omega (ω) and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Results: The HINT-8 had a single dimension and good internal consistency (ω =.804). The one-dimension HINT-8 exhibited matric invariance but not scalar invariance across sociodemographic groups (sex, age, education, and marital status). Further, it exhibited scalar or partial scalar invariance across medical condition groups (hypertension, diabetes, depressive symptoms, and cancer). Conclusion: The study finds that the HINT-8 demonstrated satisfactory structural validity and internal consistency, indicating its suitability for practice and research. However, the HINT-8 scores cannot be compared across different groups regarding sex, age, education, and marital status, as the interpretation varies within each sociodemographic category. Conversely, interpretation of the HINT-8 is consistent for individuals with and without hypertension, diabetes, depressive symptom, and cancer.

Ohmic heating uses electric resistance heat which occurs equally and rapidly inside food when the electrical current is transmitted into. Prior to the study, we have researched the potato starch's thermal property changes during ohmic heating. Comparing with conventional heating, the gelatinization temperature and the range of potato starch treated by ohmic heating are increased and narrowed respectively. This result is appeared equally at wheat, corn and sweet potato starch. At this study, we treated potato, wheat, corn and sweet potato starch by ohmic/conventional method and observed change of external structure by microscope and internal structure by X-ray diffractometer. Conventional heated at $55^{\circ}C$ potato starch was not external structural changes. But ohmic heated potato starch is showed largely change. Some small size starch particle were broken or small particles are made of larger particle together or small particles caught up in the large particle. Changes in ohmic heated potato starch at $60^{\circ}C$ was greater. The inner matter came to an external particle burst inside and only the husk has been observed. The same change was observed in the rest of the starch. The change of internal structure of potato starch was measured using X-ray diffraction patterns. There was no significant difference between ohmic and conventional heating at $55^{\circ}C$. But almost every peak has disappeared ohmic at $60^{\circ}C$. Especially $5.4^{\circ}$ peak to represent the type B was completely gone. When viewed from the above results, external changes with change in the internal crystal structure of the starch particles were largely unknown to appear. In conclusion, during ohmic heating changes of starch due to the electric field with a change in temperature by the heating was found to have progressed at the same time.

본 연구는 한국에서 취업한 중국인 근로자의 한국문화 적응을 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하고 그 타당도를 검증하고자 실시되었다. 연구1에서는 문헌고찰과 심층면접을 통해 한국문화 적응의 특성을 측정하는 4개 하위차원, 24문항을 선정하였다. 연구2에서는 한국문화 적응 척도의 구성개념을 검증하기 위해 중국인 근로자 405명에게 설문조사를 하였다. 조선족과 한족 집단으로 분류하고 탐색적 구조방정식 모형의 틀에서 탐색적인 분석을 실시하였다. 집단별로 하위차원을 살펴보면 조선족 집단에서는 3차원(직장환경 적응, 생활환경 적응, 심리적 적응), 한족 집단에서는 4차원(직장환경 적응, 생활환경 적응, 심리적 적응, 의사소통 적응) 구조를 도출하였다. 특히, 의사소통 적응은 요인분석을 통해 한족에서만 도출된 요인이었다. 이는 조선족이 사용하는 언어가 한국어와 유사한 것에 원인이 있음을 시사하였다. 연구3에서는 한국문화 적응 척도의 측정모형이 집단 간 일반화되거나 차별화될 수 있는지를 알아보기 위해 다집단 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 한국문화 적응의 3요인(직장환경 적응, 생활환경 적응, 심리적 적응)에서 동일성이 성립하는 문항들에 대해 집단 간 동등한 해석이 가능하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 한국문화 적응 척도는 중국인 근로자의 독특한 한국문화 적응을 평가할 수 있다는데 그 의의가 있다.

This study was conducted to develop a scale which can measure the Korean culture adjustment of Chinese workers employed in Korea. In the study 1, we selected 4 sub-dimensions and 24 questions that measure the characteristics of Korean culture adjustment through literature review and in-depth interviews. In the study 2, we conducted surveys on 405 Chinese workers to verify the constructs of the Korean culture adjustment scale. Subjects were divided into the two groups of Korean Chinese and Han Chinese, exploratory analysis was conducted in Exploratory Structure Equation Model frame. If sub-divisions are observed by group, the Korean Chinese group showed a 3 dimensional (adjustment to occupational environments, adjustment to living environments, psychological adjustment) structure and the Han Chinese showed a 4 dimensional (adjustment to occupational environments, adjustment to living environments, psychological adjustment, communicational adjustment) structure. In particular, communicational adjustment was a factor drawn only from the Han Chinese through factor analysis. This implied that the reason is because the language used by the Korean Chinese is similar to the Korean language. In the study 3, multi-group analysis was performed to observe whether a measurement model of the Korean culture adjustment scale can generalize or differentiate between groups. As a result, equal interpretation between groups was possible for questions forming coidentity. The Korean culture adjustment scale developed in this study is significant in that it can assess the unique Korean culture adjustment of Chinese workers.

In today's mass democracy society, political party takes charge of important role in politics. Without democratization of political party itself, it is impossible to put into action democracy. Political party works very effectively to realize democracy, but it also can be effectual means to destroy democracy. So political party shall call for internal democratization of each political party itself. People's variety opinions are put together and changed the national will by political party. These are political party's key functional roles. To perform this job well, internal democratization of each political party is getting more and more important. As political party exercises political leverage extensively, internal democratization of each political party is not only for political party itself, but also for national order. There are two ways to give shape to internal democratization of each political party. One is to make political party's internal organization democratically and the other is to do political party's activities democratically. Political party's internal organization which is composed democratically is putting emphasis on autonomy of expressing political party members opinion. And the delivery system of their opinions shall be bottom up and not top down. Political party's activities is based on democratic decision-making processes which is existed between political party members. So it is important to secure autonomy of expressing political party members opinion. To build political party's democratical internal organization, the proper legal status for each member of political party shall be guaranteed. Political party constitution and platform shall be enacted and made public. To work political party's activities democratically, political party's public nomination for the public office candidate shall be democratic. But first in importance is that internal democratization of each political party comes true effectively when political party and people work together and make efforts together.

이번 연구에서는 예천 용문사 목조지장보살좌상(이하 보살좌상) 내부 손상 및 결함 파악을 통한 보존처리 계획 수립과 목조불상의 제작 방식에 대한 기초 연구 자료 구축을 위한 내부구조 및 결구 방식에 대한 정밀조사를 진행하였다. 불상은 개금이 진행되어 육안으로 내부구조에 대한 정보수집이 제한되기에 정밀구조 관 찰을 위하여, X선 CT를 이용하여 내부 촬영을 진행하였고, 촬영된 데이터를 바 탕으로 구조에 대한 해석 및 재구성을 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 보살좌상은 주요 5개의 부재를 이용하여 불신을 구성하고 귀, 보발 장식, 수인부 등 소형 부재를 접목하여 제작된 목조불상임이 확인되었다. 접합에 는 4개의 ‘ㄷ’자 못과 2개의 ‘ㅡ’자 못을 사용이 확인된다. 못의 사용은 결합면대비 제한적으로 사용되었으며, 주된 결합 방식에는 풀이나 아교 등 접착제를 사 용하고, 못은 이에 대한 보강 및 고정의 용도로 사용된 것으로 판단된다. 후두부 에 목리가 관찰되지 않는 피복층이 관찰된다. 위 연구 결과를 바탕으로 보살좌상 의 소실 및 변형을 대비하며 연구 및 보존처리에 활용될 수 있는 정밀 데이터베이스 구축을 하고자 하였다.

In this study, a detailed investigation was conducted on the internal structure and method of construction of basic research data on the production method of wooden Buddha statues and the establishment of a preservation treatment plan by identifying damage and defects inside the Wooden Jijang Bodhisattva Seated (hereinafter referred to as Bodhisattva Seated) at Yongmunsa Temple in Yecheon. Since the Buddha statue is open and information collection on the internal structure is restricted to the naked eye, internal photography was performed using X-ray CT for precise structure observation, and the structure was interpreted and reconstructed based on the photographed data. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the Bodhisattva Seated was a wooden Buddha statue made by constructing distrust using five main members and grafting small members such as ears, foot decoration, and embroidery. It is confirmed that 6 nails are used in the bonding. The use of nails was limited compared to the bonding surface, and it is believed that adhesives such as glue or glue were used for the main bonding method, and the nails were used for reinforcement and fixing. A coating layer with no neck observed is observed on the occipital region. Based on the above research results, it was intended to establish a precise database that can be used for research and conservation treatment in preparation for the loss and deformation of the Bodhisattva Seated.

<안성 청룡사 금동관음보살좌상>을 봉안하고 있는 청룡사(靑龍寺)는 경기도 안성시 서운면 서운산 자락에 있는 사찰이며, 대한불교조계종 제2교구 본사인 용주사의 말사이다. 안 성 청룡사 금동관음보살좌상의 바닥면 XRF 분석 결과는 Cu-27.2 wt%, Sn-12.6 wt%, Pb-48 wt% 이며, 과거 여러 전란으로 인해 소지금속 성분과 차이가 있을 것으로 예상된다. 불상의 내부를 확인하기 위해 감마선(γ-ray, Ir-192)으로 촬영하였으며, 파손된 배면 부분과 후대에 나무로 덧 대어 수리한 위치를 확인하였다. γ-ray 촬영 결과와 XRF 분석을 이용하여 확인한 좌, 우의 수리 경계면은 허벅지 중간부터 목 아랫부분까지로 청동과 나무로 분리된다. 안성 청룡사 금동관음 보살좌상의 금박 두께를 추정하기 위해 표준시료를 이용해 계산한 결과 얼굴과 가슴과 같은 육신 부분의 금박 두께가 20.7 μm와 21 μm로 가장 두꺼웠으며, 나무를 소지 재료로 한 부분이 평균 11.9 μm, 마지막으로 소지금속이 청동인 부분이 평균 7.4 μm로 금박 두께가 가장 얇음을 확인할 수 있었다.

Anseong Cheonryongsa, a temple located in Anseong Seoun Mountain, is a part of the second Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism, under the Yongju Temple, and enshrines a gilt-bronze seated Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva. In this study, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed that this statue is composed of Cu-27.2 wt%, Sn-12.6 wt% and Pb-48 wt%. A gamma (γ) ray (Ir-192) image confirmed damage on the backside of the statue, which was later repaired with wood. The XRF analysis and visual observation determined the boundary between the metal and wood in the statue. In addition, results of standard X-ray peak intensity of gold foil and correlation with thickness helped to derive an equation for calculating the thickness of the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva’s gold foil. It was determined that the gilded chest (21 μm) and face (20.7 μm) of the statue were the thickest sections, the wooden substratum (11.9 μm) was the next-most thick, and the bronze (7.4 μm) was the thinnest layer.

本稿は複数音節の接尾語と1音節接尾語の語構成の相違を確かめるため、接尾語「カ」が作る「カ型語幹」形容動詞の内部構造を考察したものである。そこで「カ型語幹」形容動詞の語基の拍数と末尾母音の種類と品詞的な性格を中心に検討してみた。結果は次のとおりである。まず、拍数は2拍より3拍のものが多いのであるが、2拍のものはほとんど早い時期に派生され、「カ型語幹」の古さを考えさせられる。次に末尾の母音は、ア列音とオ列音のものは同じく22.8％を占め、なおイ列音とウ列音のものも同じく20％で、特定の母音に対する偏りは見られないのである。特にア列音とオ列音、ウ列音の語基は被覆形を形成するもので、「カ型語幹」の情態的な性向を表している。また、語基の品詞的な性格は、「語根的なもの」が一番多く、動詞と関連するものは35％であるが、殆んど四段動詞、上二段動詞、下二段動詞のもので、平安中期以降に派生され、特に動詞の連用形との結合は新しい構成法であると見られる。このように、「カ型語幹」の語基になるものは、語根的なもの、動詞、形容詞、副詞と深く関わっていることが分かる。その中でも「語根的なもの」の比率の高さは「カ型語幹」の古さとの関連性を表わしていると考えられる。結論的に語基の拍数と末尾母音と構成方式との関連性は見られないし、/e/音以外の四つの母音は平均的な比率で、特定の音に対する趣きは見られないのである。ヤカ型とラカ型とは異なり、形容動詞語幹を語基とするものは皆無で、さらにケシ型形容詞語幹を語基とすることがわかる。このような「カ型語幹」は文献時代以前のものと推定されるものも多くあって接尾語としての分析が難しいものも多いのである。つまり、一拍の接尾語「カ」は複合接尾語「ヤカ」と「ラカ」に比べ、形容動詞を作る接尾語としての意識が薄れてゆき、だんだんその語根に溶け込まれつつあり、内部要素即ち、造語成分的なものになり、複数音節の接尾語とは異なる特性を取っていることが考えられる。

본 논문에서는 UWB-RF를 이용하여 철근 콘크리트 구조물의 내부 물체 위치를 검출하고 모니터링 할 수 있는 시스템을 소개하고자 한다. 이 시스템은 콘크리트 내부 구조물의 변형을 매질에 대한 투과 특성 및 반사 특성을 이용하여 확인가능하며, 콘크리트 내부 구조물의 철근의 위치를 수치값으로 측정할 수 있다. 이 시스템의 성능을 검증하기 위해서 서로 다른 형태의 시편 3종에 대해서 콘크리트 내부 구성 상태를 분석하고, 구조물의 종류에 따라 측정되는 위치를 확인하기 위하여 구조물의 측정 거리 값을 소프트웨어로써 표현하였다. 그 결과 콘크리트 내에 구조물의 종류에 따라서 ${\pm}1{\sim}4mm$ 이내의 오차 내에서 측정할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

This paper is to introduce the a system which monitors and detects the object position in reinforced the concrete structure using UWB-RF. This system is able to check any changes in the inside of the concrete structure using its penetration and reflection characteristics and it can also numerically measure the position of rebar in the concrete structure. For the verification of the performance of this system, we set up the internal compositions of concrete in 3 different types of test-bed. On the other hand, for the measuring of the location of rebar, which varies depending on the type of structure, the software which shows the distance in the structure were used. The result shows that the position in the concrete could be measured within the tolerance of ${\pm}1{\sim}4mm$ depending on the type of structure in the concrete.

홍성 고산사 소조아미타여래좌상은 2023년 발생한 화재에 대피하다 손상이 발생되어 대책을 수립하기 위해 보존과학 조사를 실시하였고 소조불상 내부에서 철조불상을 발견하였다. 본 논문은 홍성 고산사 아미타불좌상의 내부 구조 및 재료에 대해 과학적으로 조사하고, 제작 방법 및 조성 시기를 추정하는데 목적이 있다. 철조불상의 구조와 상태를 파악하기 위해 X선 촬영, 전자현미경, X선 회절분석 등을 실시하였다. 먼저 표면 금박층의 관찰 결과 시편 1의 황동박층이 시편 2에서는 확인되지 않고, 시편 2의 두번째 금박층이 시편 1에서는 확인되지 않아 최소한 2번 이상의 수리를 거친 것으로 보인다. 또한, 소조불상 바닥면의 육안 관찰 결과, 철조불상의 손상된 부분을 지지하기 위해 내부와 외부에 흙(소조토)를 덧대었다. XRD분석 결과 안쪽면 흙에서 미사장석(Microcline)이 검출되어 내부 흙은 고온 소성된 적이 없는 것으로 보인다. X선 투과사진 촬영 결과, 고산사 소조아 미타불좌상 내부에 있는 철조불상은 일부에서 손상이 확인되지만, 불두와 양쪽 팔을 비롯한 상반신 과 하반신이 모두 남아 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 즉, 홍성 고산사 소조아미타불상은 내부의 철조불상 이 알 수 없는 이유로 크게 손상되어 그대로 봉안해 둘 수 없게 되자 표면에 흙을 붙여 소조불상으로 바꾸어 조성하였으며, 철조불상을 소조불상으로 수리한 시점은 조선 전기로 생각된다.

A conservation science analysis was conducted as a countermeasure as damage was made to the seated clay Amitabha Buddha in Gosansa Temple in Hongseong while evacuating from a fire in 2023, and we checked the internal structure, an iron Buddha was found inside the clay Buddha statue. This article aims to investigate the internal structure and materials of the seated clay Amitabha Buddha in Gosansa Temple, and to estimate the manufacturing method and the time of creation. X-ray photograph analysis, Scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed to analyze the internal structure of the clay Buddha. The observation results of the Buddha’s gilded layer, the brass gilded layer of sample 1 was not found in sample 2, and the second gilded layer of sample 2 was not found in sample 1. It appears that at least two repairs had been conducted. The microcline was detected inside the clay. It appears to be clay inside that has never been baked at high temperatures. As a result of X-ray photograph analysis, it was confirmed that some of the iron Buddha, inside the clay Amitabha Buddha statue in Gosansa Temple, was damaged, but all of the upper, including the head and both arms, and some lower bodies remained intact. It seems that the clay was put on the inside of the Buddha and outside to support the damaged part. Based on the above analysis, the iron Buddha must have been so damaged that it was impossible to enshrine, and, clay was attached to the surface and changed into a clay Buddha statue, which is thought that the iron Buddha was remade to the Clay Buddha statue in the early Joseon Dynasty.

본 논문은 지능형 사이버 보안을 위한 SOAR 기술을 접목하여 보안 위협을 탐지하고 관리하는 자동화 시스템을 제안한다. 연구의 목적은 외부 STIX/TAXII 기반 데이터를 분석하여 사이버 위협 인텔리전스(CTI)를 구축하고, 이를 통해 내부 자산의 위험도를 정밀하게 산출하며 효과적인 대응 전략을 수립하는 것이다. 제안하는 시스템은 크게 네 가지 컴포넌트로 구성된다: CTI 수집 및 정형화, CTI 기반 TTP 매핑, 내부 자산 CPE 식별, 위험도 산출 및 대응 전략 도출. 정보 수집 방법으로는 공개된 외부 보안 위협 정보를 수집하고, 이를 정형화하여 CTI 통합 데이터베이스에 적재하는 과정을 포함한다. 또한, 룰 기반 매핑 알고리즘을 활용하여 CVE, CPE, CVSS, TTP와 같은 주요 정보를 기반으로 위험도 및 대응 전략을 도출한다. 결과적으로, 본 논문에서 제안하는 자동화 시스템은 약 1시간 내에 약 2300개의 report를 자동으로 분석하고, 99.74%의 높은 정도로 정탐을 수행할 수 있음을 보여준다.

This paper proposes an automated system for detecting and managing security threats by incorporating SOAR technology for intelligent cybersecurity. The objective of the study is to analyze external STIX/TAXII-based data to build Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI), thereby accurately assessing the risk levels of internal assets and establishing effective response strategies. The proposed system consists of four main components: CTI collection and normalization, CTI-based TTP mapping, internal asset CPE identification, and risk assessment and response strategy formulation. The information collection method involves gathering publicly available external threat intelligence and normalizing it for storage in a CTI integrated database. Additionally, a rule-based mapping algorithm is utilized to derive risk levels and response strategies based on key information such as CVE, CPE, CVSS, and TTP. As a result, the automated system proposed in this paper demonstrates the capability to analyze approximately 2,300 reports within one hour and achieve a high detection accuracy of 99.74%.

PSC 구조물에 폭발과 같은 극한하중이 짧은 시간 동안 발생하게 되면 급작스러운 파괴와 그로 인한 수많은 인명 및 재산피해를 발생시킨다. 하지만 원전격납구조물, 가스탱크와 같은 PSC 구조물의 경우 방호 및 방재개념이 포함된 구조설계가 적용되지 않은 실정이며, 특히, 구조물 내부에서 발생하는 폭발압력하중은 피해규모가 외부폭발에 비해 훨씬 크기 때문에 내부폭발하중에 대한 검증은 반드시 필요하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 원전격납구조물의 내부폭발에 대한 저항성능을 검토하기 위해 이방향 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 축소모형을 제작하였다. 내부폭발 실험은 22.68, 27.22, 31.75 kg (50, 60, 70 lbs)의 ANFO 폭약을 이용하여 시편으로부터 1,000 mm의 거리에서 폭발시켰으며, 압력하중, 처짐, 변형률, 균열형상, 긴장력 변화 등의 데이터를 분석하였다. 본 연구결과를 이용하여 원전격납구조물의 내부폭발하중 발생 시 손상도 범위 예측이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

When a extreme loading such as blast is applied to prestressed concrete (PSC) structures and infrastructures for an instantaneous time, serious property damages and human casualties occur. However, a existing design procedure for PSC structures such as prestressed containment vessel (PCCV) and gas storage tank do not consider a protective design for extreme internal blast scenario. Particularly, an internal blast is much more dangerous than that of external blast. Therefore, verification of the internal blast loading is required. In this paper, the internal blast resistance capacity of PSC member is evaluated by performing internal blast tests on RC and bi-directional PSC scaled down specimens. The applied internal blast loads were 22.68, 27.22, and 31.75 kg (50, 60, and 70 lbs) ANFO explosive charge at 1,000 mm standoff distance. The data acquisitions include blast pressure, deflection, strain, crack patterns, and prestressing force. The test results showed that it is possible to predict the damage area to the structure when internal blast loading occurs in PCCV structures.

In the present study, to investigate the seismic behavior of a cabinet under earthquakes, three types of mass blocks (top load, center load, and bottom load) were selected as the cabinet's internal structure, and the vibration characteristics according to the load arrangement were studied. The internal structure simulates the device modules installed inside the cabinet. The cabinet's modal characteristics and response spectrum were evaluated under the three types of loads. Six modes, displacement, and acceleration responses for each load were analyzed. The analysis results showed that mode 1 had the lowest frequency, and that the frequency increased by approximately two times as the mode increased. The change in natural frequency according to load placement was confirmed through modal analysis of the cabinet. The cabinet's displacement and acceleration were greatest in the x-axis and lowest in the y-axis. Displacement and acceleration according to the load distribution at the top, center, and bottom were within a certain range, so the vibration characteristics of the internal structure of the cabinet were limitedly affected.

In this study, the noise reduction effect was investigated by predicting the transmission loss by changing the structure of the soundproof wall to maximize the noise reduction effect. Through the combination of commercially available sound insulation plate materials, it was possible to derive a combination with a high transmission loss for each frequency band. In order to effectively reduce soundproof walls for road traffic noise with various sound sources, it is judged that a method of improving transmission loss by investigating the frequency band of interest and changing the structure of the soundproof wall accordingly is necessary.