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21세기 기업경영에서 기업 내 IT(Information Technology: 정보기술)의 중요성과 복잡성이 급속히 증가되었고, 기업에서 필요로 하는 IT의 역할이 성공적으로 수행되기 위해서는 높은 수준의 IT 거버넌스와 효과적인 관리가 선행되어야 함에도 불구하고, IT 거버넌스의 확립 정도는 기업에 따라 큰 차이가 있다. 또한 IT 거버넌스 활동과 관리에 대한 실증적 연구 역시 충분하지 않다. 이에 본 연구는 거버넌스 이론을 근거로 하여 IT 거버넌스 활동과 성과, 그리고 기업성과간의 관계를 파악하는 연구모형과 가설을 도출하고 실증적으로 검증하였다. 본 연구는 비즈니스 전략과 IT 전략간의 연계성, IT 계획, 전사적 아키텍쳐, 프로젝트 관리 조직, 서비스 수준 관리, IT 컴플라이언스, 장애관리, 정보시스템 효과성, 가시성, 기업성과 등, 구성개념 간의 가설을 검증하기 위해 LISREL을 활용한 구조 방정식 모형을 개발하였고, 108개의 기업과 기관에 대한 설문 조사를 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 비즈니스 전략과 IT 전략간의 연계성은 IT 거버넌스 활동 중, IT 위원회와 IT 계획에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. IT 거버넌스 활동 중, IT 거버넌스 위원회, IT 계획, 서비스 수준 관리, 장애 관리는 IT 거버넌스 성과로서의 정보시스템 효과성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 데 반하여, IT 컴플라이언스는 정보시스템 효과성에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 IT 계획, 전사적 아키텍쳐, 서비스 수준관리, IT 컴플라이언스는 IT 거버넌스 성과인 정보시스템 가시성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 정보시스템 효과성과 가시성은 기업 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 IT 거버넌스에 대한 근거 이론들을 논리적으로 정리하여 IT 거버넌스의 이론적 배경을 체계적으로 확립하고 IT 거버넌스 활동 및 IT 거버넌스 성과, 비즈니스 성과를 포함하는 이차원적 성과를 제시함으로써 학계와 실무 측면에 공헌하고자 하였다.

Despite the increasing importance of information technology in firms, the extent to which IT governance are established varies widely across the firms. To perform desirably the role of IS needed in most companies, high level of IT governance and the effective management should precede. However, the impacts of such activities and management on the IT governance have not been empirically examined in depth until now. Thus, building on the theory of governance and the institutionalization, the research model and the hypotheses of the study were formed and then empirically tested. The study used a survey of senior IT managers from 108 firms in order to examine hypothesized relationship among the following constructs: strategic alignment, IT governance committee, IT planning, EA, PMO, SLM, IT compliance, incident management, IS effectiveness, visibility, and corporate performance. A structural equation model is developed by using LISREL to assess the relative effects and interrelationship among these constructs. The results show that strategic alignment has positive influence on IT governance committee and IT planning. IT governance committee, IT planning, SLM, incident management from IT governance activities have positive effects on IS effectiveness, whereas IT compliance has a negative effect on IS effectiveness. Visibility is positively influenced by IT planning, EA, SLM, IT compliance, and both IS effectiveness and visibility have positive effects on corporate performance.

The purpose of this longitudinal case study is to shed light on the reliability problems of IS performance evaluation by analyzing the discrepancy between ex ante evaluation in 2011 and ex post evaluation in 2012. Through an information system development project of a public enterprise, the gap between ex ante and ex post evaluation was ascertained and the causes as to why such gap occurs and the success factors that can solve the problems were derived. The ex ante evaluation of IS performance was performed based on both IS success model and BSC model and the ex post evaluation was carried out at the time after the target system has been built up by applying the evaluation measures and process that are similar to the ex ante evaluation. In the ex ante evaluation the business performance improved by the target system was estimated to 18.2%. On the other hand, it was seen as being low at 15.2% in the ex post evaluation and the differences were found to be statistically significant in 6 out of 10 measures. The reasons as to why such gap occurs were diagnosed as being of 2 types : (1) changes in the evaluation psychology according to the differences in the evaluation objectives; and (2) excessive expectation levels of the target system that is formed at the time of the ex ante evaluation. In other words, the users who have excessive expectations tend to overestimate in the ex ante evaluation and, in the ex post evaluation, tend to underestimate lower than the actual performance mainly due to disappointment on the results that do not meet the early expectations. As solutions to overcome the reliability problem of ex ante evaluation, 3 factors were derived : (1) the temperance of excessive expectation levels of the users; (2) a clear definition of the scope and functionality of the target system; and (3) actual commitments for the evaluations of IT performance.

Information systems introduction and application are increasing suddenly from the enterprises while approaching the information age. It requires to manage the IS performance and understand quality of information systems for obtaining the competitive power of the enterprise through IS. Six Sigma is widely recognized today as a process improvement methodology that can cut costs and eliminate defects in information industry as well as manufacturing processes. This study provides a framework for managing performance of information systems which are used to obtain competitive advantage.

The IS project is getting more and more complicated and large-scaled. Many researchers and practitioners are interested in the IS development methodologies, automated tools and techniques, TQM to decrease project failure, and to increase IS performance. But, in spite of such various efforts, the latest Standish Group’s research indicates that the project scale is bulkier than 1～2 year ago and IS development project’s batting average falls from 34% to 28% at the same time, proceeded project is increased, and project discharged arrives to 15%～18%. According to a research, success possibility increased by 37% after a year of PMO introduction, and increased sharply by 62% after 2 years and by 65% after 5 years. This research has a goal to survey how the PMO function and operation type affect the IS project performance in the financial industry. I determine nine independent variables and three dependent variables from previous researches. The results of this study are that the four core functions of PMO have relationship with project performance. But, technical support function does not relate with organization performance. Among the four core PMO operation types, three types have an effect on the IS project performance except the perfectionist type.

Background: Uncoupling proteins 2 (UCP2) plays an important role in energy regulation, previous studies suggested that UCP2 is an excellent candidate gene for human obesity and growth-related traits in cattle and chicks. The current study was designed to detect the genetic variation of UCP2 gene, and to explore the association between polymorphism of UCP2 gene and growth, carcass and meat quality traits in rabbits. Results: A synonymous mutation in exon 1 and four variants in the first intron of the UCP2 gene were identified by using PCR-sequencing. The synonymous mutation c.72G>A was subsequently genotyped by MassArray system (Sequenom iPLEXassay) in 248 samples from three meat rabbit breeds (94 Ira rabbits, 83 Champagne rabbits, and 71 Tianfu black rabbits). Association analysis suggested that the individuals with AA and AG genotypes showed greater 70 d body weight (P < 0.05), 84 d body weight (P < 0.01), ADG from 28 to 84 days of age (P < 0.05), eviscerated weight (P < 0.01), semi-eviscerated weight (P < 0.01) and semi-eviscerated slaughter percentage (P < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, the individuals with AA and AG genotype had a lower pH value of longissimus muscle (P < 0.01) and hind leg muscle (P < 0.05) after slaughter 24 h. Conclusions: These findings indicated that UCP2 could be a candidate gene that associated with growth performance, body composition and meat quality in rabbits, and this would contribute to advancements in meat rabbit breeding practice.

본 논문은 Black-Scholes 옵션모형, Modified Black-Scholes 옵션모형 및 추계적 변동성 모형의 헤지 성과를 시뮬레이션으로 분석한다. 시뮬레이션의 장점은 실험자가 주가운동에 관한 완전한 정보를 가지 고 실험환경에 관한 강력한 통제가 가능하다는 점에 있다. 이 연구에서는 주가 운동이 Heston (1993)의 추계적 변동성 모형이 가정하는 것과 동일한 과정을 따르는 것으로 가정했다. 그 결과 Heston 모형은 완전히 적격한 모형이 된다. 따라서 이 연구의 시뮬레이션은 옵션의 헤지성과가 모형의 적격성의 정도 에 어느 정도로 영향을 받는지에 관한 문제를 보다 정확하게 검토할 수 있게 한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 완전히 적격한 추계적 변동성 모형은 Black-Scholes 모형이나 Modified Black-Scholes 모형에 비해 더 나은 헤지성과를 보였다. 추계적 변동성 모형의 상대적 헤지성과는 만기 가 긴 옵션의 경우 좀 더 두드러졌다. 그러나 옵션거래가 집중되어 있는 만기가 짧은 옵션의 경우 Black-Scholes 모형이나 Modified Black-Scholes 모형의 성과는 추계적 변동성 모형와 크게 다르지 않은 수준으로 나타났다. 이는 수많은 옵션모형이 개발되었음에도 불구하고 시장참여자들이 여전히 Black-Scholes 모형이나 Black-Scholes 모형에 기초한 단순한 옵션모형을 선호하는지에 대한 부분적인 설명을 제공한다.

In this study, Mote carlo simulation is conducted to examine the hedging performances of the Black-Scholes model, the modified Black-Scholes model, and Heston's stochastic volatility model. The merit of the simulation is that an experimenter has a perfect knowledge of the true processes and hold a strict control for the experimental environment. The examination of hedging performances of alternative option models through simulation, therefore, enables us to have an insight for the degree of importance of model specification in option hedging. Creating an environment where stock prices evolve according to a stochastic volatility process exactly specified by Heston (1993) model, this study examines to what extent misspecified models such as the Black-Scholes model and its modifed one approximate the hedging performance of the fully specified Heston model.

Continuously monitoring and improving information system (IS) performance is a major concern in organizations. Thanks to invisible characteristics of IS performance, this is still enduring research question. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze factors influencing IS Performance in public sector. Influencing factors of IS performance include IS quality such as System Quality, Information Quality and IS Use. The data for analysis was collected from local official in Korea. We used PLS 3.00 Version for an analysis. Analysis revealed that Information Quality has directly influenced IS Use. But there were not Significant in relations between System Quality and IS Performance, System Quality and IS Use, System Quality and IS Performance, and IS Use and IS Performance.

Second to fourth digit ratio is the ratio of second to fourth digit length. It has been known that digit ratio is sexually dimorphic in humans, such that males tend to have lower digit ratio (longer fourth digits relative to second digits) than females. Digit ratio is thought to be a biomarker of the balance between fetal testosterone (FT) and fetal estrogen (FE) in a relatively narrow developmental window at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. On the contrary, the relationships between digit ratio and levels of sex steroids in adults are not clear. Most correlational studies between digit ratio and adult sex steroids have revealed that this asso-ciation is statistically not significant. However, for many years, a lot of researches showed negative relationships between digit ratio and sports performance such as rugby, surfing, rowing, sprinting, endur-ance, and hand grip strength. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms about the relationships between digit ratio and sports performance.

Using a takeover sample of U.S. public firms over 1981-2004, we examine whether takeovers help firms enhance operational performance. We find that, on average, takeovers decrease operating profitability (measured by ROA), primarily because of revenue dis-synergy. Surprisingly, contrary to conventional wisdom that cost synergy is relatively easy to achieve, the average takeover not only fails to generate cost synergy but in fact leads to general deterioration in cost performance. These observations are obtained irrespective of whether takeovers are intended for vertical integration or diversification and whether payment is in cash or stock. Interestingly, there is evidence that firms in our control sample—comprised of firms from the same industry that do not engage in takeovers—experience similar patterns of declines in operational performance in the postmerger performance period. Overall, our results suggest that the average takeover does not enhance operational performance (due to both revenue dis-synergy and cost dis-synergy) and that industry shocks may be responsible for general declines in operational performance irrespective of whether firms engage in mergers or not.

This study focused on analyzing how different interactions (face-to-face chatting and chatting with AI chatbots) may affect speaking skills. In order to examine whether using AI chatbots can be beneficial for improving speaking task performances, 110 participants were divided into three groups: a face-toface chatting, AI text-chatting, and AI voice-chatting group. They were assigned three speaking tasks that involved describing a picture, responding to questions, and expressing an opinion, which they did both before and after the experiments. Based on the analysis of quantitative data, the findings of the study indicated that both AI groups improved their speaking performance after the experiment while there were mixed results from the face-to-face interactions. It was found that the participants in the face-to-face group improved significantly better in responding to questions and expressing an opinion while no significant differences were revealed in the describing a picture task. With respect to the effects of using AI chatbots, there were no significant differences in the two speaking tasks (describe a picture and respond to questions) between the three groups. However, the comparative analysis of the three different interaction modes suggested that the AI voice-chatting pairs outperformed in terms of their speaking performance task (expressing an opinion) compared with the face-to-face and AI textchatting groups. Regarding students’ perspectives, descriptive statistics and selected student interviews were reported. Based on the findings of the current study, pedagogical implications and directions for future research are also suggested.

본 연구는 기업이 채택⋅시행하는 안전관리 유형에 따라 기업의 조직성과, 즉 안전 및 재무성과에 차이가 나타나는지, 그리고 기업이 안전관리를 직접 전담하지 않고 겸직⋅대행시키는 간접적인 관 리를 하는 경우 이러한 안전관리 유형과 조직성과 간의 관계에서 안전관리비용은 어떠한 조절 역할 을 하는지를 실증적으로 확인해 보았다. 이를 위해, 안전보건공단에서 실시한 2015년 산업안전보건 동향조사 자료와 금융감독원의 전자공시시스템(DART) 및 중소기업현황정보시스템(SMINFO)자료 를 확보하여 341개의 사업체를 대상으로 자료를 획득하였다. 분석결과, 기업이 안전관리를 전담하는 방식이 안전겸직이나 안전대행 방식보다 안전성과와 재무성과에 더 효과적인 것을 확인하였다. 그 리고 기업의 안전관리비용 투자가 클수록, 안전겸직 및 안전대행이 조직성과에 미치는 부정적인 영향관계가 전반적으로 완화되어 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과가 제기하는 시사점과 향후 연구방향 에 대한 토론이 제시되었다.

The purpose of this research is to investigate differences in the organizational performance which is measured in terms of employees’ safety behavior and firm's average net profit. In addition, it examines the moderating role of safety management costs invested by the firms on the relationships between safety management style and organizational performance. The data were collected from 341 firms via the Occupational Safety and Health Company Survey (2015), the Electronic Disclosure System (DART) of the Financial Supervisory Service, and Small Business Status Information System (SMINFO). The results of the analysis indicated that both safety and financial performance were better when the firms take control of safety management than when safety is managed by a concurrently employed person or outsourcing. We also found that the costs of safety management played a buffering role on the negative effects of such indirect safety management on organization performance. Implications and future research directions were then discussed.

본 연구는 자산운용사의 펀드운용행태와 성과를 분석함으로써 그룹 계열사 간의 정보우위가 존재하는지를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 2001 년말부터 2009 년말까지의 기간동안 재벌그룹 계열 자산운용사와 여타 자산운용사의 재벌그룹 계열회사에 대한 투자성과를 실증적으로 비교분석한 결과, 동일 재벌그룹계열 자산운용사의 성과가 우수하게 나타났다. 이는 계열자산운용사가 계열사주식의 투자에 있어 정보우위에 있다는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 추가적으로 계열사주식의 수익률이 좋지 않을 경우 계열자산운용사는 계열사주식을 더 많이 보유함으로써 주가하락을 저지하는 경향이 있음도 발견되었다.

The subjects of this research are 30 students of Dong-Eui Institute of Technology in Busan city, who were grouped into two categories after applying the curriculum of the second semester of the freshman year to their classes: those whose academic performance was at the top 20% (15 students) and those whose academic performance was at the bot-tom 20% (15 students). For the measurement items, we measured their weight, body fat mass, body fat rates, body mass index, and abdominal fat rates by using a body composition testing machine. We then ana-lyzed the t-test results by using the IBM SPSS ver. 18.0 program. Through this research, we found that there was a significant difference among those in the group of students whose academic performance was at the top 20% in terms of body fat mass and body fat rates, which means that academic performance has relatively little effect on body composition and abdominal fat rates.

This study investigated the differences between weekly elbow joint use time, pain level, and isokinetic moment in young adults using multiple exposure classification strategies. A total of 67 participants were cate-gorized using three grouping approaches: median-based (<6 hr vs. ≥6 hr/wk), quartile-based (<6, 6–8, 8–10, and >10 hr/wk), and thresh-old-based (<10 hr vs. ≥10 hr/wk). Elbow joint pain was assessed using a visual analog scale and isokinetic moment was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 60°/sec, 120°/sec, and 180°/sec for both flexion and extension. Across all classification ap-proaches, nondominant elbow pain was consistently lower in higher- use groups (P<0.05), whereas dominant-side pain did not differ signifi-cantly. Most isokinetic moments were also comparable between groups; however, dominant flexor peak torque at 120°/sec was slightly lower in the ≥10 hr/wk group (P=0.049). These findings suggest that weekly el-bow joint use time is more strongly associated with pain-related neuro-muscular adaptation than with measurable strength performance in young adults. Multithreshold classification approaches may provide a more comprehensive framework for evaluating exposure-related up-per-extremity functional characteristics.

Although ICT outsourcing enables enterprises to procure their competitive advantage, due to the recent outbreak of information security incidents, its environment was analysed to be vulnerable. This calls for the in-depth analysis of the factors that can contribute to the enhanced security performance. Thus this study primarily investigates roles of control mechanisms and inter-organizational relationship capital as critical factors to achievement of superior information security performance. Most of the hypothesized relations were statistically proved and validated. In addition, our proposed model did not only filled existing literature gaps but also provided an innovative approach and suggestions for achieving greater security performance particularly in ICT outsourcing environment .

The relation between psychiatric symptoms and vocational performance has significant implications for main issues in psychiatric rehabilitation including disability-identification, disability policy, focus of rehabilitation intervention, comparison and prediction of rehabilitation outcomes, and mechanisms underlying rehabilitation success. Review study results as intended to clarify it, however, are inconclusive. Whereas Anthony & Jansen(1984) concluded that little relation was there, Tsang, Lam, Ng, & Leung(2000) reached more positive conclusion. This study assumed that inconsistent results may be due to deficits inherent in traditional review methods relying on reviewer's subjective impressions and vote-counting. Reviewer's judgment may be vulnerable to subjective bias. Vote-counting strategy may lead to high Type II error and to different conclusions depending on sample sizes of individual studies because it is based on statistical significance influenced by individual study sample size. This study attempted to integrate primary studies of Anthony et al.(1984) and Tsang et al.(2000) using quantitative review method(meta-analysis) compensating for deficits in traditional qualitative review methods. Overall mean effect size gained from Anthony et al.(1984) was small but statistically significant. which supported vote-counting's vulnerability to Type II error. Moreover, two of overall mean effect sizes obtained from the two review studies were statistically significant and almost the same, which means Anthony's conclusion was conservatively biased. The findings suggested a need for meta-analysis on the whole literature dealing with the relation between psychiatric symptoms and vocational performance. Other potential moderators, being able to attenuate their relation and testifiable through meta-analytic method were also discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 학습 생태 관점에서 교육훈련생들의 학습 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인과 그 하위 구인들을 개발하여 이들 하위 구인 간 구조적 관계에 따른 국제지질자원인재개발 센터의 교육훈련의 성과를 분석하는 것이다. 따라서 2014년 1월부터 2015년 12월까지 교육훈련 프로그램의 운영 후 실시된 수업 만족도 검사지 총 159부의 자료를 중심으로 자료 분석이 이루어졌다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선, 학습 생태 관점에서 교육훈련생들의 학습 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 내부 요인, 중간 요인, 외부 요인으로 개발하였으며, 하위 구인으로 내부 요인은 학습동기와 학습발달, 중간 요인은 교육내용과 교육과정, 외부 요인은 학습자 지원과 강사의 질로 구안하였다. 개발된 성과지표 요인과 하위 구인간의 구조적 관계를 살펴보면, 국제지질자원인재개발센터의 교육훈련 프로그램에 참여하였던 교육훈련생들의 학습 성과에 영향을 미치는 내부 요인, 중간 요인, 외부 요인의 구조적 관계는 정적상관관계의 유의한 결과 값을 나타내었다. 또한, 내부 요인, 중간 요인, 외부 요인은 교육훈련생들의 학습 성과에 직접 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study sought to analyze the achievement of educational training of IS-Geo's (International School for Geoscience Resources; IS-Geo's) according to the structural relationships between these components by incorporating variables and those that affect learning outcomes from the Learning ecological perspective. Therefore, from January 2014 to December 2015, data analysis was conducted based on the data collected by the questionnaire for class satisfaction, which was conducted after the operation of the educational training program. The principal result is as follows. First of all, Interventions that affect learning outcomes from the learning ecology perspective have resulted in internal factors of both learning motivation and learning development, intermediate factors of both contents of education and learning curriculum, external factors of both learner support and quality of instructors. The structural relationships between the designed factors of performance indicators of interdisciplinary achievement and sub-factors have been influenced in the structural implications of internal factors, intermediate factors, and external factors that affect the learning outcomes of educational trainees who participated in the educational training programs of IS-Geo's. Also, internal factors, intermediate factors, and external factors have directly affected learning outcomes for educational trainees.