Earticle

본 연구는 콩과 식물인 비수리의 유용유전자를 NGS (Next Generation Sequencing)와 분자생물학의 융합적인 연구를 통해 분리하고 가능성을 알아보고자 시행하였다. 비수리는 자원식물이지만 많은 유용물질을 가지고 있다. 특히 항당뇨 기능을 하는 D-pinitol을 많이 함유하고 있는데 아직까지 비수리에서 D-piniol의 생합성에 관련된 유전자가 분리 되지 않았다. 비수리에 비생물학적 스트레스(가뭄)를 처리하고 처리하지 않은 대조군과 같이 total RNA를 추출한 후에 library를 만들어 NGS를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 D-pinitol 생합성에 관련된 유전자들을 분리하여 in silico 상에서 염기서열을 확인하였다. 이를 뒷받침하기 위해 Blast 프로그램을 사용하여 D-pinitol 생함성에 관여하는 ononitol epimerase를 확인하였고 in vitro 상에서도 RT-PCR을 통해 유전자 발현이 증가됨을 확인함으로써 융합적 연구를 통해 유전자를 찾고 분리하여 발현양상을 확인하였다.

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of isolating the useful gene of soybean plant, anthocyanin, through NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) and molecular biology experiments. Lespedeza cuneata. G. don is a resource plant but has many useful materials. Especially, D-pinitol, which has anti-diabetic function, is contained in a large amount. However, the gene related to the biosynthesis of D-piniol has not been isolated in the non-spermatid. Lespedeza cuneata. G. don was treated with abiotic stress (drought), total RNA was extracted, and a library was constructed to perform NGS. In this way, the genes involved in D-pinitol biosynthesis were isolated and sequenced in silico. In order to support this, ononitol epimerase involved in D-pinitol amplification was identified using the Blast program and RT-PCR confirmed the increased gene expression in vitro, and the gene was isolated and identified by convergence study.

Corrugated board provides packaging for most diverse industries with a share of over 50%, due to the numerous advantages they offer a good protection of the products. In other hand corrugated board fails in environmental conditions, indicating that relative humidity or temperature is higher. These effects directly damage the product packaged. To overcome on this problem recently corrugated boards produced with functional material, “functional corrugated boards,” have become more available in the current market. A number of commercialized forms of functional material are coated or composited products with inorganic materials, for example “Nano clay” as representative. However, although the use of functional materials is increasing in corrugated boards, the several concerns such as over cost, environmental friendly materials, recycling, and toxicity affect consumer perceptions and acceptance. In the past, number of researcher focused on process of box compression and the utility of box compression testing etc., best of our knowledge there is no review paper which focus on the functional corrugated boards used in food packaging applications. This paper aims to review the availability of functional corrugated boards in the current market, past research studies on functional material and present the current status of functional corrugated boards in leading countries.

목적: 본 연구는 천연추출복합물을 이용한 기능성 화장품 소재개발을 위한 효력시험을 통해 검증하고자 한다. 방법: 천연추출복 합물의 개별적인 elasterase 억제능, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, nitric oxide 억제능, tyrosinase 억제능, ROS 생성 억제능을 측정하여 design of experiment (DOE)를 통한 최적의 배합비를 찾고 최종 배합비에 따른 효능을 확인 하였다. 결과: 천연추출복합물을 이용 한 DOE는 각 천연물의 효능을 극대화 하여 최적의 배합비를 예측했을 때 비타민나무열매:블랙베리잎:약용들깨잎(0.25:0.7:0.05) 의 배합비에서 최적의 효능을 나타냈다. 도출된 배합비를 바탕으로 주름개선의 지표인 elesterase 억제 효능을 확인하였을 때 음성 대조군 대비 28% (500 μg/mL)의 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 항산화 지표인 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 소거능 도 음성 대조군 대비 71.8% 의 활성 효능을 나타내었다. 또한 염증 모델인 RAW 264.7세포에 lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 로 유도된 nitric oxide(NO)의 억제 효능도 대조구 대비 87.1%의 활성을 나타내었고 미백 지표인 tyrosinase 억제 효능도 대조군 대비 24.4% 의 효과를 확인하였다. 활성 산소종에 의한 세포 보호 효능을 알아 보기 위한 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) 세포에 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)로 reactive oxygen species (ROS)를 유도한 모델에서도 유의적인 활성 산소종의 억제 효능을 나타내었다. 결론: 비 타민나무열매, 블랙베리잎, 약용들깨잎의 천연 추출 복합물은 주름개선과 항산화 항염과 미백에 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되어 기능 성 화장품 소재로의 개발이 가능한 것으로 사료된다.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the optimal blending ratio of extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides (H. rhamnoides ) fruit, Rubus fruticosus (R. fruticosus ) leaf, and Perillae folium (P. folium) leaf as a potential functional material for antiwrinkle, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and whitening properties. Methods: We used the design of experiment (DOE) efficacy method to identify the optimal blend ratio for a natural extract complex. In addition, we tested the efficacy of the extract complex and the individual extracts by experiments, including elastase inhibition assay, NO inhibition assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, and ROS inhibition assay. Results: DOE methods using natural extracts showed that the most efficacious ratio of H. rhamnoides fruit: R. fruticosus leaf: P. folium leaf was 0.25:0.7:0.05. At this ratio, the elastase inhibitory effect, an indicator of wrinkle improvement, was 28% compared to the control. The antioxidant activity was 71.8% higher than the control. Additionally, NO formation was significantly suppressed by the extract complex. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity, a whitening index, showed 24.4% improvement over the control. Finally, hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity was significantly inhibited following treatment with the extract complex. Conclusion: The natural extract complex of H. rhamnoides , R. Fruticosus , and P. folium was found to have beneficial wrinkle improvement, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and whitening effects, and has potential as a functional cosmetic material.

目的: 探索作为抗皱，抗氧化，消炎和增白特性的潜在功能材料，确定沙棘果实，悬钩子叶和紫苏叶的提取物 的最佳混合比例。方法: 利用实验设计（DOE）功效方法来确定天然提取物复合物的最佳混合比例。此外，通 过实验测试了提取物复合物和单个提取物的功效，包括弹性蛋白酶抑制测定，NO抑制测定，2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）自由基清除活性测定，酪氨酸酶抑制测定和ROS抑制试验。结果: 使用天然提取物的 DOE方法显示，沙棘果实：悬钩子叶：紫苏叶的最有效比例为0.25：0.7：0.05。在该比例下，与对照群相比， 作为皱纹改善指标的弹性蛋白酶抑制效果为28％。抗氧化剂活性比对照群高71.8％。另外，提取物复合物显着 抑制了NO的形成。酪氨酸酶抑制活性（增白指数）显示比对照群提高24.4％。最后，用提取物复合物处理后， 过氧化氢诱导的细胞毒性被显着抑制。结论: 沙棘果实，悬钩子叶和紫苏叶的天然提取物复合物具有有益的皱纹 改善，抗氧化，消炎和增白作用，并具有作为功能性化妆品的潜力。

본 연구는 국내 생태계 교란 종인 양미역취(Solidago altissima L.)를 고부가가치 기능성 화장품 소재로 써의 가능성을 확인하기 위해 부위별 항산화 활성과 피부 안전성을 검증하였다. 양미역취의 꽃, 줄기, 잎을 70% 에탄올로 추출하여 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 정량 분석하였으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 평가를 통해 항산화 효능을 측정하였다. 또한, 양미역취의 꽃, 줄기, 잎 추출물을 함유한 크림 제형을 제조하여 성인을 대상으 로 인체 1차 첩포 테스트를 실시함으로써 생체 적합성을 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 양미역취 꽃 추출물에서 가장 높 은 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 확인되었으며, 농도 의존적으로 비타민 C와 유사한 수준의 강력한 항산화 활 성을 나타냈다. 피부 안전성 평가 결과에서도 자극이 없는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 종합해 볼 때, 양미역취 꽃 추출물은 안전하고 우수한 천연 항산화 활성을 가진 화장품 소재로써의 활용가능성을 입증하였다.

This study evaluated the antioxidant potential and dermal safety of Solidago altissima L.(flower, stem, and leaf) as a functional cosmetic material. Quantitative analysis of 70% ethanol extracts revealed that the flower extract possessed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, exhibiting potent, concentration-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity comparable to ascorbic acid. Furthermore, topical cream formulations incorporating these extracts showed no skin irritation in human primary patch tests,confirming their excellent biocompatibility. These results demonstrate that Solidago altissima L. flower extract is a safe, high-efficacy natural antioxidant suitable for use as a functional cosmetic ingredient.

목적: 본 연구는 황칠나무(Dendropanax morbifera) 잎에서 메탄올-초음파 추출법으로 유효성분을 추출하여 약물요법을 대체 할 수 있는 기능성 화장품 및 육모제 소재 개발에 자료를 제공하고자 하는 목적으로 수행하였다. 방법: 황칠나무 잎 메탄올-초음파 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하였고, 항산화능과 아질산염 소거능을 측정하였으며, 항균활성과 최소성장저해농도(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)를 측정하였다. HFDPC세포에 대하여 10, 100, 500 μg/mL 농도별로 처리하여 MTT assay를 통하여 세포독성을 평가하였으며, western blotting을 통한 성장인자 발현촉진 및 억제 효과를 측정하였다. 결과: 황칠나무 잎 메탄올-초음파 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 74.082±7.180 mg/g, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 97.360±2.235 mg/g로 나타났다. DPPH 소거능은 92.440±1.023%로 높은 효과를 보였으며, 아질산염 소거능은 52.6±2.4%를 보였다. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), Pityrosporum ovale (P. ovale), Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) 균주에 대하여 항균활성이 나타났으며, 최소성장저해농도(MIC)는 P. acnes에서는 17.3%, P. ovale는 21.6%, M. furfur 에서는15.7% 농도로 나타났다. 인간모유두세포에 황칠나무 추출물을 10, 100, 500 μg/mL의 처리농도 범위 내에서세포독성은 관찰되지 않았으며, 농도가 증가할수록 세포생육도가 높았다. Western blotting을 통한 성장인자 단백질의 발현및 억제 효과는 대조군 대비 IGF는 156±8%로 발현촉진 효과가, TGFβ2는78.3±10%로 억제효과가 나타났다. 결론: 황칠나무 잎 메탄올-초음파 추출물은 항산화능을 가진 기능성 화장품 및 육모제의 소재로 활용가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide data of the material development of functional cosmetics and hair growth products that could replace the drug therapies by extracting the active ingredients from Dendropanax morbifera (D. morbifera) leaf using the methanol-ultrasound extraction method. Methods: Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of D. morbifera leaf methanol-ultrasound extract were measured. Also, the anti-oxidant capacity, nitrite scavenging ability, anti-microbial activity, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were measured. Cytotoxicity of the extract on HFDPCs was examined by MTT assay at concentrations of 10, 100, and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the promotive and inhibitory effects of growth factor expression were also confirmed through the western blotting. Results: Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of D. morbifera leaf methanol-ultrasound extract were 74.082±7.180 mg/g and 97.360±2.235 mg/g, respectively. DPPH scavenging ability was 92.440±1.023%, which was very high, and the nitrite scavenging activity was 52.6±2.4%. Anti-microbial activities were investigated in the strains such as Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), Pityrosporum ovale (P. ovale), and Malassezia furfur (M. furfur). The MIC of P. acnes, P. ovale, and M. furfur were 17.3%, 21.6%, and 15.7%, respectively. Cytotoxicity was not observed within the range of concentrations (10, 100, and 500 μg/mL) of D. morbifera leaf methanol-ultrasound extract and the cell growth rate was increased according to the concentrations. In case of the growth factor expression by western blotting, high promotive effect was observed in IGF protein expression (156±8%) compared with the control group, while inhibitory effect was confirmed in TGFβ2 protein expression (78.3±10%). Conclusion: Therefore, it is possible to utilize D. morbifera leaf methanol-ultrasound extract as the material of functional cosmetics and hair growth products with anti-oxidant capacity.

目的: 利用甲醇-超音波提取法提取黄漆树(Dendropanax morbifera)叶的有效成分，研究其性能，为代替药物疗法的功效性 化妆品和育发剂原料提供研究资料。方法: 测定黄漆树叶的甲醇-超声波提取物的总多酚含量和类黄酮的含量，并检测抗氧 化能力、亚硝酸盐的消除能力、抗菌活性和最低抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration，MIC）。对人毛囊真皮乳头 细胞，用黄漆树叶提取物分别以不同浓度10，100，500 μg/mL进行处理，并用MTT assay进行测定，应用western blotting 检测生长因子表达的促进效果。结果: 黄漆树叶提取物的多酚含量为74.082±7.180，总类黄酮的含量为97.360±2.235 mg/g。 DPPH消除能力为92.440±1.023%，显示最高效果，而亚硝酸盐的消除能力为52.6±2.4%。黄漆树叶提取物对 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)，Pityrosporum ovale (P. ovale)， Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) 菌具有抗菌效果，最低抑 菌浓度（MIC）依次为17.3%（P. acnes)，21.6%（P. ovale)，15.7% （M. furfur）。对人毛囊真皮乳头细胞用黄漆树叶提取物 分别以10，100，500 μg/mL浓度处理时，没有观察到细胞毒性，浓度越高，细胞生长速率越高。通过western blotting观察 生长因子蛋白的表达效果，结果显示与对照群相比IGF的促进效果为156±8%，TGFß2的抑制效果为78.3±10%。结论: 黄漆 树叶的甲醇-超声波提取物具有抗氧化能力，作为功效性化妆品和育发产品原料充分具有活用可行性。

폐알칼리망간전지로부터 침출과 공침반응을 이용하여 Mn-Zn ferrite 분말을 제조하기 위한 기초실험을 수행하였다. 100g/L 광액농도 3.0M H₂SO₄, 60˚C 및 교반속도 200 rpm의 조건에서 과산화수소 30ml를 첨가하여 얻어진 아연과 망간의 침출율은 각각 97.9%, 93.9% 이상이었으며, 침출용액을 가지고 반응시간, 반응온도, O₂ 가스량을 조절하며 공침반응을 진행하였다. 공침반응 결과 pH 12, 80˚C, O₂ 1.3L/min., 교반속도 400 rpm의 조건에서 Mn-Zn ferrite를 저온 합성할 수 있었다. 합성된 Mn-Zn ferrite 분말은 0.143m의 구형 ferrite로서 80emu/g의 포화자화값을 가지고 있었다.

Fundamental studies for the synthesis of Mn-Zn ferrite powder were investigated using a series of leaching and coprecipitation processes from spent alkaline manganese batteries. Zinc and Manganese dissolution rates obtained at the reaction conditions of 100g/L pulp density, 3.0M H₂SO₄, 60˚C and 200 rpm with 30ml H₂O₂ as a reducing agent were more than 97.9% and 93.9% and coprecipitation of Mn-Zn ferrite powder was performed according to various reaction conditions such as temperature, time and amount of O₂ gas injection using the leaching solution. As a result of coprecipitation, Mn-Zn ferrite could be synthesized directly at low temperature in the reaction condition pH 12, 80˚C, O₂ 1.3L/min. and 400 rpm. The synthesized Mn-Zn ferrite powder was spherical powder of 0.143m particle size and had a saturation magnetization about 80 emu/g.

This expriment was carried out on culture media which affect growth, development and physiological effect to Pleurotus ostreatus , when aqueous ferrum, red pepper powder, leaves of ginkgo biloba were added to culture media. The yield of fresh mushroom per 850ml PP bottle in chunchu-neutari was highest by 144g in 34.9g aqueous ferrum added, ferrous content don’t affected to yield of mushroom, but variety of Pleurotus ostreatus affect to yield. Mineral content of fruit body and culture media in Suhan-neutari was different to mineral kind, ferrous content of furit body was similar to 0.31~0.43mg/kg when ferrous content of media was increased in 0.89mg/kg to 10.8mg/kg. The more content of red pepper powder in culture media was high, the more capsaicin content in fruit body was high. transferred capsaicin was highest by 6 mg/100g in Suhan-neutari. Total phenolics content were higher in culture media which was added aqueous ferrum and red pepper powder, but correlation don’t showed total phenolics content among antioxydant activity, reducing power, chelating capacity. Macrophage activation was higher in Suhan-neutari than other Pleurotus spp.

오늘날 애슬레저 웨어는 여가 활용에 대한 인식의 변화로 시작되어 홈트레이닝 등의 가벼운 운동과 재택 근무나 외출 등 일상생활에서 자유롭게 입고 다닐 수 있는 용도로 그 범위가 확대되고 있다. 애슬레저 웨어는 다양한 신소재를 사용하여 기능성, 실용성, 심미성을 모두 갖춘 제품으로 출시되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 애슬레저 웨어의 특성을 살려 기능성 소재 개발을 활용한 애슬레저 웨어 스타일을 연구하였다. 연구의 목적 은 지역 섬유 업체에서 개발한 기능성 소재를 사용하여 20∼30대 남녀를 대상으로 운동복과 일상복으로 모 두 적합한 의류와 마스크 세트를 디자인하고 제품화하여 패션사업 활성화에 도움이 되고자 한다. 연구 방법 은 문헌 연구를 통해 애슬레저 웨어의 개념 및 정의에 대해 알아보고, 실증 연구로 금융감독원의 NICE 평가 정보에 따른 2019년 매출액 기준으로 상위 3개의 애슬레저 웨어 브랜드의 주력 기능성 소재와 제품의 특징을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ㈜빗살무늬에서는 미라웨이브, 에어로실버, PP DTY 원사와 스 판덱스를 사용하여, 흡한속건, 항균작용, 은은한 광택, 부드러운 감촉, 통기성의 특징을 가진 기능성 원단 4종 와플 에이, 와플 비, 와플 씨, 엠피 크레이프를 개발하였다. 둘째, 개발한 원단의 높은 염색성을 토대로 디자인 을 차별화할 수 있도록 텍스타일 디자인을 개발하였다. 셋째, 바다를 주제로 애슬레저 웨어와 마스크가 세트 를 이룬 총 4세트의 스타일을 디자인하여 시제품으로 개발하였다. 본 연구는 지역 소재 업체의 기능성 소재 개발에 동기 부여를 하고 애슬레저 웨어 스타일 연구를 통해 브랜드 사업화에 기여하였다. 앞으로 더욱 다양 한 기능성 소재의 개발과 감성적인 디자인으로 소비자를 만족시킬 수 있는 제품이 출시되기를 바라며, 기능 성 소재를 활용하여 보다 다양한 아이템과 디자인 개발에 대한 후속 연구로 진행되길 기대한다.

Today, athleisure wear begun with a change in the perception of leisure is expanding its scope to include uses for light exercise such as home training and freely worn in everyday life such as working from home or going out. This study researched the athleisure wear style utilizing the development of functional materials by utilizing the characteristics of such athleisure wear. The purpose of the study is to design and commercialize clothing and mask sets suitable for both sports wear and daily wear for men and women in their 20s and 30s using functional materials developed by a local textile company to help revitalize the fashion business. The research method is to find out the concept and definition of athleisure wear and the main functional materials and product characteristics of the top three athleisure wear brands are analyzed based on 2019 sales according to the NICE evaluation information of the financial supervisory service. The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows. First, the Bitsalmooni uses Mirawave, Aerosilver, PP DTY yarn and spandex, 4 types of functional fabrics with features of perspiration absorption, quick drying, antibacterial action, soft touch, and breathability, Waffle A, Waffle B, Waffle C, MP Crepe were developed. Second, a textile design was developed to differentiate the design based on the high dye-ability of the developed fabric. Third, with the theme of the sea, a total of 4 sets of styles were designed and developed as prototypes, which consist of athleisure wear and masks. In the future, we hope that products that can satisfy consumers with the development of more diverse functional materials and emotional designs will be released, and further research on the development of more diverse items and design using functional materials is expected.

본 연구는 기능평가를 통해 아동의 문제 환경과 두 행동 간의 기능적 관계를 평가한 후, 평가에 근거한 중재를 실시하여 그 효과성을 알아보고자 하는데 있다. 연구 대상은 공격행동 때문에 유치원 통합학급에서 지속적인 수업을 받기 어렵고, 물건 던지는 행동과 침 뱉는 공격행동을 보이는 만 5세인 자폐아 남아 1명이다. 연구문제는 (1) 기능평가를 통하여 아동의 공격행동인 물건 던지는 행동과 침 뱉는 행동 두 가지 문제행동 간의 관계를 알아보고 (2) 기능평가를 통한 선호 재료선택 미술활동이 자폐아동의 물건 던지기 행동 개선에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보는 것이다. 연구 방법으로는 반전 설계를 사용하였으며, 매 회 기간 발생된 물건 던지는 행동의 총 횟수를 측정하여 변화 과정을 밝혔다. 연구결과, 실험 1에서는 물건 던지기에 대한 방해 중재를 사용하였을 때 침 뱉기 행동이 증가하였으며, 방해중재가 소거되고, 강화물 선택 시에 물건 던지기와 침 뱉기가 감소하였다. 실험 2에서는 첫째, 선호되는 미술 재료선택이 자폐아동의 물건 던지는 행동 개선에 긍정적 효과가 있었고, 둘째, 선호되는 재료선택 미술활동이 자폐아동의 물건 던지는 행동의 유지와 일반화에 긍정적 효과가 있었다. 결론적으로, 선호되는 재료선택 미술활동은 자폐아동의 물건 던지기 행동 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 준다고 볼 수 있으며, 아울러 이러한 중재는 자폐아동의 또 다른 문제행동 개선에도 도움을 줄 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional relationship between problematic environment of a child and his two problem behaviors via functional analysis and then to investigate the effect of antecedents-based intervention. The participant was a five-year-old boy with autism. He had a difficulty in attending to inclusive class due to the aggressive behaviors, primarily throwing objects and spitting. Research problems were as follows: First, Is there any relationship between two problem behaviors, namely, throwing objects and spitting? If there is, what is the type of relationship? Second, between these two problem behaviors, throwing objects behavior is considered as more serious, and among the interventions for that behavior, material-choice art activities is chosen more often than others. Then what is the effect of material-choice art activities on throwing objects behavior? Two experiments were conducted, and reversal design was utilized at each experiment. In both experiments, counts of throwing objects behavior were recorded at every single session. The results were as follows: In experiment 1, when providing block intervention to throwing objects behavior, spitting was increased. On the other hand, when eliminating the block intervention and providing the opportunities to choose reinforcers, both throwing objects behavior and spitting behavior were decreased. In experiment 2, it was found that material-choice art activities had positive effects on throwing objects behavior, which continued in maintenance and generalization phases. As a results, it seems that material-choice art activity has positive effects on reducing throwing objects behavior of autistic children.

In this study, we performed the mixture of materials having two environmental functions in concrete, which have recently been xpected to improve the environment. In this case, we mainly investigated the influence of fundamental properties, antioxidant and photocatalyst effect in concrete and summarized those results as follows. (1) The bending and compressive strength of mortar mixed with Effective Micro-organisms (EM) ceramics increased more than those of plain. However, mortar mixed with EM liquid showed a tendency to generally decrease less than plain. (2) We considered that the ratio of EM ceramics power was uniformly distributed in the concrete and thus this result in the strength of concrete. This result was actually proved by the measurement of pore volume and diameter. (3) In an experimental result of the plant life of algae, algae began to stick the surface of concrete block mixed with EM materials 3 months later, and then it grew up conspicuously 6 months later. As a result, the concrete mixed with EM was proved to be effective in the plant life of algae. (4) The workability was turned worst due to the decrease of flow value in concrete mixed with more than 6% of titanium dioxide. (5) Additional experiment indicated that the strength of concrete mixed with more than 3% of titanium dioxide was rapidly decreased than that of plain. Therefore, the process of mixture was very significant in the usage of titanium dioxide. (6) As a result of exposure test, cement paste mixed with titanium dioxide and mortar coating changed an environmental pollutant thinly by progress of time. However, the pollutant did not change with mixture difference of titanium dioxide.

Background: The use of the extracts from evening primrose seeds as a health functional food has been gradually increased. Therefore, the monitoring and screening process has been considerably required for its quality control. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the measurement uncertainty associated with determination of penta-o-galloyl β-D-glucose (PGG) in extracts from evening primrose seeds by high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The sources of measurement uncertainty was expressed in accordance with mathematical/statistical theories of GUM & EURACHEM Guide. The expanded uncertainty was calculated by using the relative standard uncertainty between analytical result and sources of uncertainty in measurement (sample weight, final volume, extraction volume, standard solution, matrix and instrument etc). Results: In the results of 95% confidence interval, the uncertainty in measurement was 10,253.34 ± 1,844.50 μg/kg (k = 2.0). Conclusion: In this study, it showed that the value of uncertainty in measurement for determination of PGG in extracts from evening primrose seeds by HPLC has about 18.0% influence on PGG contents of the analytical results. The results would be very useful for the monitoring and screening of evening primrose seeds marketed in Korea for its quality control as dietary supplement.

As basalt is used widely in construction area as architectural materials, production basalt sludge is increasing rapidly. Basalt sludge is being treated with an industrial waste, so an economical and environmental problems occurs. Authors found the suitable mixture ratio to manufacture the dry mortar containing basalt sludge in a cement mortar and varified the capacity of dry-mortar containing blast sludge as the functional finishing material was estimated.

본 연구는 자색당근(black carrot, BC) 소재로 초임계추출물에 대해 DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능, 총 폴리페놀 함량 측정을 통해 항산화 활성, 인간의 정상 섬유아세포에서 콜라겐 생성과 MMP-1 발현을 조사하여 항주름 효능을 평가하고자 하였다. 그 결과 자색당근 초임계추출물 내 총 폴리페놀 함량 (9.037±1.123 mg GAE/g), DPPH, ABTS 분석 결과로 높은 항산화 효과 를 확인하였다. NHDF 세포에서 초임계추출물 농도에 의한 세포독성은 거의 없었으며, 이때 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 MMP-1 단백질 및 MMP-1 mRNA 발현을 억제하고, 콜라겐 type I 유전자 mRNA 수준 증가에 의한 type I procollagen의 합성을 촉진하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 자색당근 초임계추출물은 우수한 항산화 효능과 친환경 (solvent free)물질, 항노화 원료로서 화장품, 식품, 미용식품 등 다양한 산업분야에 있어 활용 가능성이 매우 높을 것으로 판단된다.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-wrinkle effect of the black carrot(BC) extracted by supercritical dioxide(SC-CO2). DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging and total polyphenol contents were measured to investigate the anti-oxidant activity of the BC supercritical extract. Collagen production and MMP-1 expression were assessed in normal human dermal fibroblasts(NHDF) for anti-wrinkle activity, The black carrot extract showed the highest total phenolic content(9.037±1.123 mg GAE/g extract) and the best antioxidant properties as shown by DPPH and ABTS assay. The supercritical fluid extracts of black carrot exhibited low toxicity to NHDF cells. In addition, the supercritical fluid extracts showed MMP-1 inhibition and type I pro-collagen synthesis inducing activities in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that the black carrot is a potential source of high anti-oxidative, solvent-free and anti-aging material with promising applications in cosmetic, food, and beauty-food industries.

With the rapid development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the 21st century, marine biotechnology has emerged as a representative blue ocean industry, as marine organisms account for approximately 80% of the earth's total organisms. This field holds significant potential for the development of new bio-materials, making it a high-value market. In the past, aging was considered an unavoidable process. However, with the rapid economic development and aging population in modern society, the age range of hair loss is decreasing due to various acquired causes such as stress, harmful environmental factors, diet, stress, and poor eating habits leading to nutritional imbalance, lifestyle changes, diseases, childbirth, irregular living habits, and excessive use of chemical products. As a result, the number of young consumers who value individuality and preferences is increasing. This has led to a growing demand for specialized and diversified scalp care products for not only improving but also preventing hair loss. Consequently, the global market for functional hair loss products is expanding and is expected to grow rapidly. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of sea cucumber extract when applied as a scalp cosmetic on scalp moisture balance, redness, and hair shine. The experimental group, using scalp essence containing sea cucumber extract, was measured over time and subjected to statistical analysis. The results of this study effectively improved scalp oil-moisture balance, hydration, scalp redness, and hair shine. In conclusion, further research is warranted to explore sea cucumber extract as an effective ingredient for scalp cosmetics, particularly in enhancing scalp environment with antioxidant properties.

전 세계적으로 인구 증가로 인해 식량안보가 중요해지면 서 식품의 생산부터 가공, 서비스까지 전 과정에 첨단 기술이 결합된 푸드테크 산업이 고성장되고 있다. 이러한 시장의 수 요에 따라 기업에서도 푸드테크 제품을 개발하고 지역 성장 기반 마련과 산업체의 활성화가 필요로 하다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 지역 특산물인 ‘밤’을 사용하여 기능성이 강화된 밤 푸드테크 스낵을 개발하고 이를 위한 브랜드 디자인과 캐릭 터, 패키지디자인을 제안하는 것이다. 연구방법으로는 푸드 테크 제품 현황과 시장에 대해 분석한 후 푸드테크, 브랜드 디자인에 대해 문헌연구 한다. 둘째, 기능성 성분인 스태미나 를 추가한 푸드테크 브랜드 디자인 분석을 위해 기능성 식음 료, 타겟층인 MZ세대의 선호 스낵 디자인 조사를 한 후 디자 인 개발 전략을 수립하고 브랜드 네이밍, 캐릭터, 패키지디자 인을 개발한다. 마지막으로 FGI를 통해 선호도조사를 하여 최종 디자인을 개발한다. 연구결과, MZ세대를 포지셔닝한 푸 드테크 스낵 브랜드는 3가지 디자인 키워드 1.언어유희, 2.스 토리텔링, 3.뉴트로를 중심으로 개발되었다. 브랜드 네임은 ‘즐밤’으로 최종 선정되었으며 언어유희를 통해 흥미를 가져 오고 기억 용이성이 높다는 평가를 받았다. 패키지디자인은 익숙한 옛 가수를 모티브로 신선함을 제공한 ‘밤 프레슬리’ 캐릭터와 일러스트레이션을 통해 내러티브를 만들어 확장가 능한 점이 제품 차별성을 강화하였다. 본 연구는 지역 활성화 를 위해 특산물을 활용한 푸드테크 스낵 브랜드 디자인 연구 로서 지자체에 긍정적인 방향과 기초자료를 제시하리라 기대 한다. 푸드테크 시장에 진입하는 기능성 스낵 제품으로서 실 제 판매 후 소비자 및 유통사의 피드백을 수렴하여 보완하는 것이 추후 연구 과제로 남는다.

As food security becomes important due to population g rowth around the world, the food tech industry, which co mbines high-tech technology in the entire process from food production to processing and service, is growing hig h. In accordance with the demand of these markets, comp anies also need to develop food tech products and establis h a foundation for regional growth. Therefore, the purpos e of this study is to develop a food tech snack with enha nced functionality using the regional speciality ‘Chestnut ', and to propose a brand design, character, and package design for this. As a result of the study, the food tech sn ack brand that positioned the MZ generation was develop ed around three design keywords: 1. pun, 2.storytelling, a nd 3.new-tro. The brand name was finally selected as 'jo yful night', and it was evaluated as having high interest and ease of memory through pun. Package design reinfor ced product differentiation by creating a narrative throug h illustration with the character of ’Chestnut Presley', wh ich provided freshness with the motif of a familiar old sin ger. It is expected that this study will be used as basic data for the design development of food tech brands and functional foods. As a functional snack product entering the food tech market, collecting feedback from consumers and distributors after actual sales remains a future resear ch task.

The purpose of this study was to investigate antioxidant effects and evaluate function of Gynura procumbens extract. 95% of ethanol and water at 70℃ were used as solvents for extraction of functional compounds from Gynura procumbens leaf and stem. Total polyphenol came out to be 3575.2 ㎎/ℓ for leaf-E, 222.5 ㎎/ℓ for leaf-W and 2110.2 ㎎/ℓ for stem-E. The amounts of flavonoid were appeared to be 830.6 ㎎/ℓ for leaf-E and 97.2 ㎎/ℓ for stem-W. DPPH scavenging activity was shown as 42.17% for leaf-E, 15.43% for leaf-W, 39.14% for stem-E and 12.33% for stem-W. Tyrosinase inhibition rate was the highest at 45.3% for leaf-E and inhibition rate of stem-W was 39.4%. These results explained that functional compounds were included more in the ethanol-leaf extract than in water-stem extract. However, stem of Gynura procumbens, which was abandoned will be contributed to utilize natural resources. Oligosaccharide content was 159.3 ㎎/ℓ for leaf-E and 53.1 ㎎/ℓ for leaf-W. Leaf extract was shown as quercetin for 47.2 ㎎/ℓ±6.8, 350.89±7.59 ㎍/g for α-tocopherol, 643.93±60.12 ㎍/g for δ-tocotrienol, 276.98±25.58 ㎍/g for β-carotene and 45.9±9.1% for xanthine oxidase inhibition activity. In conclusion, It may be inferred that Gynura procumbens includes many kinds of functional compounds. Additionally, consistent study of Gynura procumbens will allow people to utilize it in various ways as the collaboration material of cosmetics and functional food.

Goal of this study is to evaluate the suitability of peach leaf as a raw material for natural cosmetics based on specific functions that are antioxidative activity, antibacterial activity, and tyrosinase inhibition. The antioxidative activity was determined based on DPPH-scavenging effect and the antibacterial activity was measured based on inhibition effect of bacterial community isolated from face skin of 4 women. The peach leaf was grinded using ball meal for improving extraction efficiency. Triply distilled (highly pure) water or 99.9% ethanol was used as a solvent for extraction of functional compounds from ground peach leaf. Dry weight of the extract was not quantitatively determined but functional efficiency of the extract was evaluated based on ratio of the peach leaf weight to the solvent volume. The ratio of peach leaf weight to solvent volume was adjusted to 20 g to 1,000 mL, which was employed as a criterion to determine functional activity of the extract. Ten times-diluted peach leaf extract was employed to determine the DPPH-scavenging activity and the tyrosinase inhibition activity; however, the peach leaf extract was not diluted to determine antibacterial activity. Functional activity was the mean value of results obtained from triply repeated tests. The DPPH-scavenging activity of the water-extracted and the ethanol-extracted peach leaf was approximate 57.5% and 68.0%, respectively; meanwhile, the tyrosinase inhibition activity of the water-extracted and the ethanol-extracted peach leaf was approximate 52.5% and 41.9%, respectively. Differences between the water-extracted and the ethanol-extracted peach leaf for antioxidative, tyrosinase inhibition, and antibacterial activity was approximate 15%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. Conclusively, the functional activity contained in the peach leaf is considered to be suitable as a raw material for the natural cosmetics.