Earticle

This study proposes a novel methodology for quantitatively evaluating the contribution of input signals in the time domain using Mutual Information (MI). Traditional contribution analysis methods based on Pearson correlation coefficients are limited by their assumption of linearity, making them inadequate for systems with time-varying characteristics or nonlinear transfer paths. To address this, we construct simulation data comprising transient, non-stationary input signals and nonlinear transfer functions, and compute time-local mutual information by adopting the windowing approach commonly used in Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). The results demonstrate that the proposed MI-based method outperforms conventional linear techniques in capturing the contributions of inputs under nonlinear and time-varying conditions. Notably, the MI approach provides accurate quantitative assessment even when the system's transfer path responds nonlinearly to input amplitude. This study shows that MI-based contribution analysis is a powerful and effective tool for evaluating input influence in nonlinear, non-stationary, and multi-input systems, and lays a foundation for future applications to experimental data and integration with alternative MI estimation methods.

월드 와이드 요구자를 위한 융복합 소셜 앱 제작 플랫폼은 집단 협업 개발 방식으로 프로젝트 참여자의 의 견을 상호 교환하여 소프트웨어의 생산성 향상을 가져올 수 있다. 하지만 융복합 소셜 앱 제작 플랫폼 기반의 집단 협업은 참여자의 평가가 공정하게 이뤄지지 않을 경우 많은 참여자가 이탈하게 된다. 기존 연구에서는 프로젝트 참 여자 간의 공정한 동료 평가를 실시하기 위해 다양한 통계적 기법을 바탕으로 동료 평가 점수의 신뢰성을 검증하였 다. 기존 동료 평가 기법은 프로젝트 활동율을 고려하지 않았다. 그래서 프로젝트 작업의 성격이 반영되지 않아 프 로젝트 참여자의 기여도 평가 점수는 신뢰성이 떨어지거나 왜곡되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 참여자의 작업 수행율 을 고려한 프로젝트 참여자의 개발 기여도 평가 방법을 제시하였으며 동료 평가 점수의 공정성과 일관성이 보장된 동료 평가 방법을 연구하였다.

The convergence social app manufacturing platform for both demander and developer in worldwide provides a collective collaborative development approach. This platform can bring enhanced productivity with exchange of views among participants. If the assessment is not fair that many participants will leave the collective collaborative project. The previous studies verified the reliability of the evaluation based on statistical techniques. Because the previous studies did not consider the task performance of participants, do not reflect the feature of project tasks. So, the contribution scores of the participants can be distorted. In this study, we suggest the method for evaluating the development contributions value. This is considered the task performance of participants and involved the method of equitable and consistency peer assessment.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the needs and contribution of oral health education for child care teachers utilizing this as database in order to implement a more efficient children's oral health education. The subjects for this study were 313 child care teachers working in child care centers in the Chungnam region from July 12, 2011 to August 26, 2011. The teachers completed the questionnaires with revised questions using the self-reported response method by visiting the child care centers in person and after randomly selection of 10 currently employed child care teachers that participated in the preliminary survey. General characteristics and children's health education importance, needs, and contribution questions were analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 from the 5-Point Likert Scale. 1. The percentage of general characteristics of subjects in their thirties was the highest with 45.6%, 5 years or less of work experience was 50.5%, in terms of level of education the percentage of junior college graduates was 61.5%, in terms of certificates Level 1 child care teachers had the highest percentage with 51.8%, child care centers had the highest percentage of 75.1% for working period conditions, and 38.5% were in charge of 10 children or less. 2. Results showed that the first priority for children's health education was general safety education with 38.5%, 2nd and 3rd priorities were hygiene education with 27.2% and 22.3%. 3. Oral health in accordance with the general characteristics required education contribution age 30, careers for more than six years, the Graduate School of Education graduated and working agency form child care centers, your child was higher in both the number of 20 or more. 4. Toothbrushing methods were the highest with 3.45 in the 5 years or less of work experience group and 3.54 in the 6 years or more of work experience group for the contribution of oral health education according to work experience with statistically significant difference (p<0.05). 5. Toothbrushing method was the highest with 4.12 in both the 5 years or less of work experience group and the 6 years or more of work experience group for the needs of oral health education according to work experience with statistically significant difference (p<0.05) There is a need for a systematic and accurate oral health education from oral health education experts to achieve diverse oral health education besides toothbrushing methods in terms of contribution and needs of child care teachers for children. In terms of oral health education, constant oral health care education needs to be provided for child care teachers so they can contribute to the oral health of children in various ways rather than remaining at the attitude changes of child care teachers regarding oral health.

불가항력 의료사고 보상사업의 근거 법률인 현행 ｢의료사고 피해구제 및 의료분쟁 조정 등에 관한 법률｣ 제46조제1항에서는, 보건의료인이 충분한 주의의무를 다하였음에도 불구하고 불가항력적으로 발생한 ‘분만에 따른 의료사고’를 사업의 대상으로 정하고 있다. 또한, 동법 시행령에서 보건의료기관개설자 중 분만실적이 있는 자가 보상재원의 30%를 부담하게 규정하고 있는바, 이에 대하여 헌법재판소에서는 2015헌가13 결정을 통해 의료분쟁조정법에서 위 사업의 분담금 납부의무자의 범위와 보상재원의 분담비율을 시행령에 위임하였다고 하여 헌법에 위반되지 않는다고 결정한 바 있다. 그러나 이는 의료진으로 하여금 의료과실이 없는 분만사고에 대하여 금전적으로 보상하게 하는 것으로 과실책임주의를 배제한 것인바, 이 제도의 본질이 사회보상적 성격을 갖는 사회보장제도의 일종이라면, 보건의료개설자의 비용분담 규정을 삭제하고 국가가 비용 전부를 부담하는 방법을 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 다만, 이와 더불어 의료사고 원인분석 및 재발방지 조치 등 의료기관의 노력을 강화하기 위한 제도적 장치를 함께 검토할 필요가 있다. 더불어, 의료분쟁조정법상 보건의료개설자가 부담하여야 할 보상재원의 분담비율의 상한을 정하는 것이 포괄위임금지원칙의 취지에 부합할 것이다. 한편, 의료사고 보상심의위원회의 분담금 지급기준과 관련하여, 시행령에서 보상의 기준이 되는 재태주수, 출생체중 등을 적시하고, 그 세부기준을 의료사고 보상심의위원회에서 정함이 타당하다. 마지막으로 불가항력 의료사고 보상사업에서 보상의 회색지대를 방지하기 위함은 물론, 의료‘과실’이 규범적 판단임을 고려할 때 위 동법 제48조 제1항의 규정에서 ‘보건의료인의 과실이 인정되지 않는다는 취지의 감정서가 제출되고’의 요건은 삭제하는 것이 바람직하며, 반드시 의료중재원 조정·중재절차가 선행되어야 하는 현행의 규정을 개선할 필요가 있을 것이다.

In principle, even if serious consequences such as death or serious injury of a patient occur as a result of a medical accident, if the medical malpractice of a health care worker is not recognized, the health care worker is not held liable for said consequences. However, with the opening of the Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency on April 7, 2012, a system was established to compensate health care personnel for their medical malpractices only in the case of “injuries caused by medical accidents in the course of childbirth” (hereinafter referred to as “program for compensation of medical accidents”). Article 46 paragraph 1 of the current Medical Dispute Mediation Act, which is the basis of the Force Majeure Medical Accident Compensation System, stipulates that “medical accidents under delivery” claims are to be determined by the Medical Accident Compensation Review Committee are subject to the compensation project. And the details of the compensation, ratio of sharing financial resources for compensation, scope of compensation, and the guidelines and procedure for the payment of compensations are prescribed by Presidential Decree. In other words, the Presidential Decree requires the state to pay 70 percent of the compensation funds, and 30 percent of the above funds among health care providers. The Constitutional Court has decided on the 2015Hun-Ga13 that the scope of the health care institution's founders and the share of the compensation funds cannot be directly determined by the law, and that the portion delegated by the Presidential decree does not violate the Principle of Legal Protection nor Comprehensive Nondelegation Doctrine. However, this can be seen as an exclusion of accountability for force-induced delivery accidents even if there is no negligence of the medical staff. If the nature of the system is a type of social security system with a social compensatory nature, it could consider eliminating the health care innovator's cost-sharing provisions, leaving the full cost to the state. However, it is also necessary to review institutional protocols that strengthen the efforts of medical institutions in areas such as analysis of the causes of medical accidents and measures to prevent their recurrence. In addition, I think that the conclusion of the Act is in line with the purpose of the Comprehensive Wage Support Regulations that at minimum the law sets an upper limit of the compensation funds that are to be paid by health and medical institutions. Moreover, it is reasonable for the Medical Accident Compensation Review Committee to specify gestational age and weight of births, which are the criteria for compensation, under the Enforcement Decree of the Medical Dispute Mediation Act, in relation to the criteria for payment of contributions by the Medical Accident Compensation Review Committee, and to set the detailed criteria.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the activity of ankle muscles during normal gait by simulation method using the human musculoskel-etal model. The equipment used in this study was three-dimensional motion capture system and force platform, and OpenSim was used for simulation. Collected data was scaled to Gait2392 that is the human musculoskeletal simulation model using in the OpenSim. Tibialis anteri-or (TA) worked as a major muscle during gait, producing a higher force than other muscles. Main muscles contributing to propulsion were gas-trocnemius medial head (GMH) and soleus (SOL) with their maximum forces appear to be more than 1.5 times the body weight. GMH and SOL showed cooperation for maintaining propulsion around left foot initial contact in the gait cycle. This study has shown a difference between activation and force pattern. The peak-activation of the TA and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was similarly shown to be around 0.8 in the initial double stance, but the peak-force produced by these muscles in the same period showed a difference with 0.4 Newton/body weight higher in TA than in EDL. We suggest that when assessing muscle contribution to gait, it would be reasonable to consider the force generated because the human movement was generated by the mechanical net force of muscles.

본 연구에서는 노조윤리가 노조원의 노조몰입에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위하여 기업윤리, 노동윤리, 그리고 사회적 책임에 기초하여 노조 윤리를 정의하고 노조윤리의 구성요소를 이론적으로 구축하려는 시도를 하였으며, 노조윤리가 노조몰입에 미치는 영향에 대한 가설을 설정하 였다. 기업체 노조원 207명과 공무원 노조원 54명 총 261명의 자료를 분석한 결과 본 연구에서 예측한 바와 같이 노조윤리의 구성요소인 민주성, 자주성, 공헌성, 연대성이 노조원의 노조몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 노동조합을 운영함에 있어서 공개적 이고 투명한 민주적 절차가 이루어지고 의사결정과정에 있어 노조원들의 의사가 반영될 때 노조원의 노조몰입이 증가한다는 것을 의미하며, 복 수노조설립 허용, 단체교섭창구 일원화 등 헌법 제 33조에서 규정한 국가나 사용자의 지배나 간섭을 배제하고 노동조합의 결성 및 가입의 독립 성, 그리고 노조의 목적이나 활동에 있어 자주적일 때 노조원의 노조몰입이 증가한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 노동조합이 지역사회발전은 물론 비조합원, 소수 이주민 노동자들의 권익보호를 위해 활동할 때 노조원의 노조몰입이 증가하며, 노동조합이 타 노동조합, 제반 시민사회단체, 세 계의 글로벌 노동자들과 연대를 추진할 때 노조원의 노조몰입이 증가한다는 것을 의미한다. 결론부분에서는 이러한 결과가 가지는 시사점과 본 연구가 가지는 한계점 및 향후 연구방향에 대한 논의가 이루어졌다.

This study defines union ethics and establishes elements of union ethics in terms of business ethics, labor ethics and corporate social responsibility in order to investigate the effects of union ethics on union members’ commitment to their unions. Data from private firms’ union members of 207 and public officials’ union members of 54 showed that four elements of union ethics(democracy, independence, contribution and solidarity) positively affect union members’ commitment to their unions, respectively. These results indicate that union member’s commitment to their unions increases as open and transparent democratic procedures are applied in operating in unions and union members’ opinions are reflected in decision making of major events in unions. These results also indicate that union members’ commitment to their unions increases as unions have independence in achieving their goals and operating activities and unions exclude controls and intervenes from nations and firms as it is regulated in article 33 of the Constitution. In addition these results indicate that union members’ commitment to their unions increases as unions contribute to the development of community and to taking care of nonunion members, minority and immigrant workers. These results also indicate that union members’ commitment their unions increases as unions have solidarity with other unions, a number of civil associations and global workers. In conclusion section implications of the results of this study and limitations of this study are discussed and future research directions are provided.

본 연구는 국내 전시회가 전시회에 참가한 국내업체의 매출증대에 미치는 효과를 실증 분석한 연구로, 국내 전시회 참가업체의 전시회 참가를 통한 계약성사여부, 업체당 평균 계약건수 및 평균계약금액 등에 대한 분석을 통해 국내 전시회를 통한 국내 기업의 총 매출증대 효과를 분석하였다. 또한, 전시회 참가로 인한 국내 기업의 매출증가 여부 및 매출증가율에 대한 분석을 통해 전시회의 기업매출 기여도를 분석함으로써, 국내 전시회가 기업매출 증대에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 파악할 수 있었다. 국내 전시회가 기업의 매출증대에 미치는 효과를 분석한 결과, 2015년 기준 내수계약 202,741건, 수출계약 56,746건 등 총 259,487건의 계약을 창출한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 금액 기준으로는 내수계약 1조 6,325억원, 수출계약 14억 3,932만 달러(1조 6,297억원) 등 총 3조 2,622억원의 매출증대 효과를 창출한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 국내 전시회 참가를 통한 기업의 매출증가율을 분석한 결과, 조사대상 참가업체의 전년 평균 매출액(89억 834만원) 대비 15.7%의 매출증가 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전시회의 참가업체의 매출증가 기여도가 약 15.7%라는 것을 의미한다. 세부적으로는 매출액 1억 미만인 참가업체의 평균 매출증가율은 20.2%였고, 매출액이 1억 이상~5억 미만은 17.6%, 매출액 50억 이상~100억 미만은 11.6%, 매출액 100억 이상은 8.9%로 나타나는 등 매출액이 높은 기업일수록 전시회의 매출기여도는 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구는 국내 전시회가 기업매출 증가 측면에서 얼마나 중요한지를 계량적 데이터를 통해 밝혀내는 것은 물론 다른 마케팅 수단과 매출증대 효과를 비교 분석할 수 있는 계기를 만들었다는 의미가 있다. 그간 전시회가 기업매출 증가에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 없었다는 점을 고려할 때, 본 연구는 그 의의가 크다고 할 수 있다.

Despite the various studies that the exhibition is an effective marketing tool for increasing corporate sales, it failed to measure or present such effects on a quantitative basis. This research is an empirical analysis of the effects of Korean exhibitions on the sales growth of the exhibitors. The analysis showed that the Korean exhibition generated a total of 3.2622 trillion won in sales, including 1.6829 trillion won in domestic sales and 1.932 billion dollars(1.6297 trillion won) in export contracts. Also, the increase in sales of exhibitors through the Korean Exhibition was found to account for about 16.8 percent of the annual sales, meaning that the show's contribution to corporate sales was 16.8 percent. The sales contribution was higher among smaller companies. This research not only revealed through quantitative data how important domestic exhibitions are in terms of increase in corporate sales, but also created opportunities to compare their effects with other marketing tools. Given that there has not been a quantitative study on the effects of exhibitions on increasing corporate sales, this study is very significant.

이 논문은 일제강점기 신문에 게재된 독자들의 시를 대상으로 계량적 방법을 통해 그 어휘들의 양상에 주목하고자 하였다. 독자들의 시를 구성하는 어휘들은 어떤 양상을 보이는가 하는 문제에 접근하기 위해, 대상 시기 독자들의 투고시 4,131편을 입력하여 ‘독자투고시 코퍼스’를 만들었다. 이를 바탕으로 독자투고시의 품사별 빈도와 비율을 확인하였다. 또한 높은 빈도의 어휘들을 일부 품사를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 그것은 시인들의 그것들과는 어떤 차이를 보이는지를 확인하기 위해 기성 시인들의 작품을 코퍼스화한 연구와 비교해보았다. 문학 연구에서 계량적 방법이 갖는 한계를 부인할 수 없지만, 반대로 이 방법을 통해서만 확인할 수 있는 사실들이 있다. 그 사실들이 이 논문이 얻고자 하는 작은 성과라 할 수 있을 것이다.

It is common knowledge that the people 's vocabulary of one era reflects the spirit and the life of the era, and furthermore, it exhibits multiple language customs. This paper attempts to select the quantitative method for the poetry of the readers who contributed to the Japanese colonial period paper in order to empirically identify the common sense and to pay attention to the aspect of the vocabulary. In order to approach the problem of how the vocabulary of the poetry of the readers looks, the author made 4,131 pieces in the postings of the target period readers, and made a ' Based on the results, we confirmed the frequency and proportion of each part of the article. In addition, we examined high frequency vocabulary mainly on some parts of speech. I compared it with a corpus- lized study of the works of the poet poets to see how they differ from those of the poets. Literature research can not deny the limitations of quantitative methods, but there are facts that can be confirmed only through this method. These facts are a small achievement that this paper is trying to achieve

본 논문에서는 시나리오 분석을 통해 기준시나리오(현재 추세 및 중위인구가정 – 통계청, 2011) 및 비교시나리오(개방형 이민정책 도입가정)의 경우 한국경제의 생산 및 고용측면에서 산업구조를 예측한다. 시나리오 분석결과, 연평균 경제성장률 및 고용증가율은 개방형 이민정책을 도입한 경우 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 모두 상승하였다. 구체적으로는, 농림수산업 및 광업의 생산 감소는 불가피하겠지만 여타 산업의 성장세는 확대될 것이며, 서비스업, 특히 개인서비스업과 문화오락업을 중심으로 고용증가율이 높아질 것으로 예상된다. 경제성장 및 고용증가에 대한 기여율을 분해한 결과, 이민정책 전환은 경제성장 촉진 및 고용확대 효과가 있으며, 이중 특히 고용증가에 더욱 큰 효과가 예상된다.

This study attempts to forecast the industrial structure in terms of production as well as employment using scenario analysis. A baseline scenario is based on the baseline factor assuming the current trend of population (Statistics Korea, 2011), and an extended baseline scenario assumes the introduction of open immigration policy – immigration factor- as well as the baseline factor. According to the empirical results, the change of immigration policy from circular system to open system will extend the production and employment in Korea. For 1-digit industry, even if reduction of production decrease is unavoidable in agricultural and mining industries, the other 1-digit industries will show the expansion of production. Also, after the policy change, the employment growth especially in ‘Personal services’ and ‘Arts, sports and recreation related services’ will be obvious.

본 연구에서는 은행의 경영컨설팅과 수진기업의 경영성과 및 은행기여도를 분석함으로써 은행과 고객기업 의 상생을 위한 방안으로써 경영컨설팅의 중요성 및 문제점을 제시하여, 은행컨설팅의 발전방향에 대한 이론적 기초 를 제공하고자 하였다. 은행 컨설팅의 효과로는 수진기업의 경영성과와 은행기여도를 이용하였다. 분석결과 은행의 경영컨설팅 이후 은행과 수진기업의 상호 의존성이 증가하였으나, 수진기업의 수익성 등 경영성과에 일관적으로 유 의한 영향을 미치지 못하였으며, 미수진기업과 비교하였을 때 성과가 유의하게 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 지금까지의 은행 컨설팅이 은행과 여신 자산인 대출기업의 정보비대칭을 감소시키는데 기여하였으나, 실질적인 경영 성과의 개선을 위하여 장기적인 관점에서의 계획과 노력이 필요함을 암시한다.

To provide evidence of bank’s management consulting effect on client firms’ performance and contribution to the bank, this study adopts Matching Sample Design and OLS regression using financial and consulting data from A Bank, which allowed us for empirically testing bank’s management consulting effect on client firms. Specifically, We examine difference between ante-post performance of consulting client firms and difference between performance of consulting client firms and the other client firms. Empirical results show that management consulting by a Bank can increase interdependency, while It does not cause significant improvement of growth, activity, and profitability. This result provides further understanding of effect of management consulting by a bank on consulting client firms and some implication which banks should consider for management consulting.

이 연구는 정책적 · 교육적 측면에서 체육을 위한 기본적이고도 중요한 체육정책의 공헌(貢獻)과 과실(過失)을 살펴보고, 이를 통하여 학교체육 정상화를 위한 체육 · 스포츠 활동 및 방과 후 체육 · 스포츠 활동 방향을 함께 모색해 보는 데 목적이 있다. 이와 관련하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 지금까지 학교 체육 · 스포츠 정책이 엘리트스포츠의 기반 조성에 공헌(貢獻)한 부문은 인정해야 하며, 엘리트스포츠를 기반으로 한 체육 · 스포츠 정책에 대한 학교체육 정상화의 과실(過失) 부문 또한 인정해야 한다. 둘째, 체육 · 스포츠에 대한 국가정책의 퇴행으로 학교체육이 무너지고 있다. 이제는 소수를 위한 엘리트스포츠가 아닌 모두를 위한 학교체육, 엘리트스포츠, 생활스포츠의 연계 속에서 학교 체육교육 정상화와 방과 후 학교 체육 · 스포츠 활동이 이루어져야 한다. 이를 통하여 학교체육에 있어서 교육의 인간화, 민주화, 특성화를 추구함에 있어서 필수적인 선택중심 개별화 체육수업의 핵심개념을 보다 더 구체적으로 전개함으로써 체육이 추구하는 전인적 인간을 육성해야 한다. 이와 함께 정부 차원에서는 우선 체육 수업 시수를 확보해주어야 하며, 실질적으로 스포츠동아리 활동이 활성화되도록 적극적으로 지원하고, 체육 · 스포츠 학습을 위한 체육 시설을 확충하여 학생들이 언제 어디서나 쉽게 원하는 운동 종목을 실시할 수 있는 체육 · 스포츠 문화의 장을 제공해 주어야 한다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze contributions and errors of the basic and crucial athletic policy in political and educational aspects for physical education and to seek for directions of school-time and after-school physical education for normalizing it. Regarding the study, results are as follows. First, it is true that the policies of school physical education contributed to establishing the foundation of elite sports, but it also should be acknowledged that those policies brought about the failure of normalization of school physical education. Second, not just elite sports for only a few, but school physical education for all which is connected to life sports should be the norm. Third, in this process, school physical education and sports activities should pursue humanization, democratization and individualization to cultivate well-rounded people, by developing core optional individualized physical education classes. In addition, the government should be in support of enlarging athletic facilities for physical education and sports learning at the government level, a place for education where students can exercise anytime and anywhere should be provided.

윤리경영이란 경영에서 윤리를 최우선 가치로 생각하며, 모든 업무활동의 기준을 윤리규범에 두고 합리적인 업무수행을 하는 것이다. 세계화시대를 맞아 윤리경영의 실천은 국제적 신인도 향상에 기본일 뿐만 아니라, 윤리경영이 곧 기업의 생존과 경쟁력의 원천이 되는 시대가 된 것이다. 공기업을 중심으로 살펴본 윤리경영 실천효과에 대한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2003년도 대비 2011년도의 윤리경영 실천효과는 전반적으로 높게 나타났으며, 윤리경영의 공정성, 투명성, 건전성 및 공헌성의 실천에 대하여 높게 인식하는 집단이 낮게 인식하는 집단보다 직무만족과 조직몰입이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 윤리경영의 구성요소인 공정성, 투명성, 건전성 및 공헌성이 상호 작용할 경우 직무만족 및 조직몰입이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 윤리경영의 필요성에 대한 확고한 믿음을 함양시켜야 하고, 최고경영자의 선도적 역할과 지속적인 교육프로그램을 실천해야 한다. 또한, 윤리경영 활동과 업무추진 프로세스와의 연계성 등을 확보해야 한다. 이와 같은 조건을 갖추고 윤리경영에 노력하면 직무만족과 조직몰입이 높아져 기업의 이미지가 제고될 뿐만 아니라, 경영성과에 기여하여 국제화 시대에 가장 존경받는 초우량 기업이 될 것이다.

Moral Management means that the ethics is put first and becomes a criterion for performing all duties in management. Now Moral Management Practice is not only a way to elevate the international reliability but a source of existence and competitiveness of an enterprise. The results of our study for the effect of Moral Management Practice in Public Enterprises are as follow. Firstly, in 2011 effects of Moral Management Practice are more than 2003 and the group which recognizes fairness, transparency soundness and contribution of Moral Management to be important has higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment than the group which does not. Secondly, job satisfaction and organizational commitment grow when fairness, transparency soundness and contribution interact. Therefore, the necessity of Moral Management should be promoted and CEO's pacesetting role and continuous educational programs are indispensable. What is more, the connection between Moral Management and business processes should be assured. If an enterprise satisfies abovementioned conditions and practices Moral Management positively, its employees' job satisfaction and organizational commitment will be improved. As a result, the enterprise can change its image as well as stand high in global estimation.

국가간 유전능력평가를 위하여 5산차 다형질 모형을 적용한 다형질유효 딸소 기여도를 추정하기 위하여 농협중앙회 젖소개량부에서 수집한 한국형 보증종모우 및 수입 씨수소 2,046두의 딸소에대한 산유량 검정기록 및 관련된 혈통을 수집하였으며, 수집된 산유량 검정기록 중 산차는 5산차, 누적착유일은 75~307일로 제한하였고, 305일 보정유량이 15,000 kg이 넘는 기록은 국제평가기준에맞추기 위하여 제거하여, 총 301,551두 딸소의 681,860개 기록을이용하였다. EDC 계산을 위하여 모든 개체의 육종가 추정 신뢰도를 부모 육종가 평균 (Parents average), 개체의 기록(Yielddeviation) 및 배우자의 신뢰도가 보정된 후손의 육종가 기여도(Progeny contribution) 부분으로 분리하였으며, 1~5산차 유생산유전상관을 고려하여 다형질 유효 딸소 기여도를 추정하였다. 씨수소 2,046두의 유생산 기록을 가지는 딸소 두수의 산차별 평균은1~5산에서 각 140.57, 94.24, 55.14, 29.20 및 14.06두로 나타났으며, 추정된 MTEDC는 113.49, 89.28, 73.56, 54.02 및 35.08로 나타나 3산 이후의 기록이 부족함에도 유전상관을 고려한 EDC추정치는 높게 형성되어 검정자료의 활용도가 높아진 것을 확인하였다. 또한 EDC 계산은 국제유전능력평가 적용을 위한 필수항목으로 정확한 국제유전능력평가를 위해서는 관련 알고리즘에 대한이해가 필요하며, 지속적인 EDC 검증 및 종모우당 딸소 검정 두수 증가 등의 노력이 필요하다고 사료된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the basic concept of multiple trait effective daughter contribution(MTEDC) for dairy cattle sires and calculate effective daughter contribution(EDC) by applying a five lactation multiple trait model using milk yield test records of daughters for the Multiple-trait Across Country Evaluation(MACE). Milk yield data and pedigree information of 301,551 cows that were the progeny of 2,046 Korean and imported dairy bulls were collected from the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation and used in this study. For MTEDC approximation, the reliability of the breeding value was separated based on parents average, own yield deviation and mate adjusted progeny contribution. EDC was then calculated by lactation using these reliabilities. The average number of recorded daughters per sire by lactations were 140.57, 94.24, 55.14, 29.20 and 14.06 from the first to fifth lactation, respectively. However, the average EDC per sire by lactation using the five lactation multiple trait model was 113.49, 89.28, 73.56, 54.02 and 35.08 from the first to fifth lactation, respectively, while the decrease of EDC in late lactations was comparably lower than the average number of recorded daughters per sire. These findings indicate that the availability of daughters without late lactation records is increased by genetic correlation using the multiple trait model. Owing to the relatedness between the EDC and reliability of the estimated breeding value for sire, understanding the MTEDC algorithm and continuous monitoring of EDC is required for correct MACE application of the five lactation multiple trait model.

Objective: To examine the contribution of perceived upper limb function to participation and activity among community-dwelling people with chronic stroke.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with eighty-one people with stroke aged ≥50 years. The outcome measures included the Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire (Ox-PAQ), Arm Activity Measure (ArmA), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).Results: Correlation analyses revealed that perceived upper limb function, as measured using the ArmA, had the strongest and most significant correlations with the levels of participation and activity, as measured using the Ox-PAQ, among all of the tested variables (rs=0.35?0.59, p<0.01). Multiple linear regression analyses also showed that perceived upper limb function significantly associated the levels of participation and activity, accounting for 2.0% to 9.0% of the variance in the Ox-PAQ scores. The final model, which included TUG time, the GDS score, the WMFT score, and the ArmA score, could explain 54% and 28% of the variance in the routine activities and social engagement subscales of the Ox-PAQ, respectively. The model including the GDS score, the WMFT score, and the ArmA score explains 32% of the variance in the emotional well-being subscale of the Ox-PAQ. Conclusion: Perceived upper limb function is a crucial determinant of participation and activity among community-dwelling people with chronic stroke. It could thus be a target component of stroke rehabilitation interventions to facilitate participation and activity after stroke.

Objective To identify different contributions of motor and sensory variables for independent ambulation of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), and reveal the most significant contributors among the variables.Methods The retrospective study included 30 patients with incomplete SCI and lesions were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Motor and sensory scores were collected according to the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. The variables were analyzed by plotting ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves to estimate their differential contributions for independent walking. The most significant functional determinant was identified through the subsequent logistic regression analysis.Results Motor and sensory scores were significantly different between the ambulators and non-ambulators. The majority was associated to the function of lower extremities. Calculation of area under ROC curves (AUC) revealed that strength of hip flexor (L2) (AUC=0.905, p<0.001) and knee extensor (L3) (AUC=0.820, p=0.006) contributed the greatest to independent walking. Also, hip flexor strength (L2) was the single most powerful predictor of ambulation by the logistic regression analysis (odds ratio=6.3, p=0.049), and the model fit well to the data.Conclusion The most important potential contributor for independent walking in patients with incomplete SCI is the muscle strength of hip flexors, followed by knee extensors compared with other sensory and motor variables.

The food culture of Indonesia is shaped by several factors such as nature, history, and culture. With its enormous geographic and cultural diversity across the archipelagos, it is evident that Indonesian cuisine is rich in variety and taste. As such, food can be utilised as a strategic means to boost the tourism industry of the country. In the past 5 years, the Indonesian government has given a great support for the development of culinary tourism as one special interest tourism sector that is promoted extensively to the international market. Promoting Indonesian culinary tourism should not be merely exposing the ample varieties of the traditional food that Indonesia has, but more importantly, telling the market about the socio-cultural values behind the food itself. This study aimed to portray how Indonesian food culture has been shaped, developed, and held as the value embedded in the society and has been passed from one generation to the next. For the purpose of the study, a range of literature from journal articles, books, archives, magazines, and articles to Internet sources that are relevant to Indonesian culinary discussions was reviewed.

The present study contributes to the debate on the need to develop unconventional strategies for mitigating food insecurity in the world. Ancient peoples’ knowledge and experience may help to deepen the debate and establish a line of work based on the case study herein presented. The study proposes the promotion of indigenous food systems through the institutional resilience approach. There is a need to attack a global problem that affects the entire planet, including countries that have agricultural systems sensitive to the problem of climate change. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the population suffering from hunger has been growing in the last 3 years, which is similar to the famine levels recorded in the previous decade. This would contribute to the development of new strategies of action that allow not only the strengthening of today’s localized agrifood systems but also the revaluation of food systems forgotten or guarded by the indigenous populations that remain present.

Indonesia is an archipelago with more than 17,000 islands and more than 300 ethnic groups. Today, the country has 35 provinces, and each province has its own local culture, language, and ethnic food. Medan is the capital of North Sumatra province which is one of the most populated provinces in Indonesia. One of the popular and authentic food souvenirs for tourists who visit Medan is Bika Ambon. Arguably, it is one of the most delicate cakes in terms of preparation and taste. The ingredients of Bika Ambon are tapioca or sago, wheat flour, sugar, coconut milk, and eggs and added bread yeast for fermentation. Bika Ambon has been a magnet for both local and international tourists visiting Medan.

외국 정부가 공여한 기록관리 프로젝트를 통해 몽골 기록분야가 발전했다. 이 글은 외국의 기여에 의한 기록프로젝트의 내용과 결과를 소개한다. 몽골은 20세기에 들어와서 마이크로 필름 제작을 통한 기록보존 등 외국의 발달된 기록보존제도를 성공적으로 받아들였다. 몽골민주화 이전에는 러시아와 동독의 공헌이 있었으며, 민주화 이후 일본, 중국 등으로부터 기록보존 장비를 지원받았다. 1990년대 후반 이후 정보통신기술의 미비로 인한 곤란을 겪었으며, ICA와 EASTICA에 참여하는 국제협력활동을 통해 기록관리 선진 지식과 국제표준을 접하고 이를 번역하여 기록관리 업무에 활용했다. 2006년에 한국 KOICA로부터 지원받아 디지털아카이브즈 프로젝트를 수행했다. 이 KOICA 지원프로젝트는 주로 장비를 지원했으며 외국이 지원한 몽골기록관리분야의 최대 프로젝트였다. 2010년에는 KOICA의 의회기록프로젝트가 수행되었다. 내각기록은 터키정부의 협력으로 대규모 디지털화프로젝트가 수행되었다. 외국정부의 지원에 의한 기록프로젝트는 몽골정부의 기록관리 정보화 계획과 이행으로 이어지고 있다.