Earticle

본 연구는 단독주택지역이 여러 형태의 재개발을 거쳐 대규모 단지형 아파트로 전환되고 있는 국내에 반하여 도시의 성장과 문화적, 역사적 맥락을 함께하며 지속적으로 개발되어가는 일본 단독 주택문화의 특성과 배경을 이해하고, 시대적 변화에 따라 요구되는 다양한 공간들을 만들어가는 현대 일본건축가들의 실험적 주거공간의 동선유형과 그에 따른 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 본론에서는 12개의 일본 현대 단독주택의 사례에서 나타난 동선에 대한 유형과 그 특성 그리고 그 유형에서 생겨나는 공간적 개방성에 대한 고찰에 들어간다. 좁은 필지의 단독주택의 수직적 형태상 선형 동선이 두드러지고 그 선형 동선과 부채형, 순환형의 동선으로 나뉜다. 역사적으로 주택의 동선은 르네상스시대의 순환형에서 19세기이후의 복도를 매개로한 부채형으로 프라이버시를 강조하는 방향으로 진행해 왔으나 사례들에서는 개방적인 선형방식을 주로 사용하며 부채형 동선에 있어서도 다른 장치를 통하여 개방성을 확보하는 예들을 보여준다. 그 개방성의 방법으로서는 수직적 개방성으로 보이드 공간의 적극적 활용과 라움플랜의 사용에 따른 슬래브 간극으로의 열린 시선활용이 있으며 수평적 개방성의 방식으로는 방을 구성하는 것이 아니라 영역을 구분해서 사용하는 방법과 실과 실 사이의 벽에 창을 둠으로써 동선은 차단되나 시선은 열려있는 개방의 방법 등이 있다.

This study aims to investigate the characteristics and background of single-family residences in Japan, a country which continues to develop keeping factors such as growth, cultural context and historical context in harmony - in contrast with Korea, where single-family residential areas are being converted to large-scale housing complexes as a result of various redevelopment programs - and to analyze how human flow is accounted for in the experimental housing designs of architects constructing diverse spaces according to the needs of their time. The body of this study investigates 12 contemporary single-family residences in Japan with respect to form, characteristics of human flow, and openness resulting from those forms. The vertical nature of these residences owing to the scarcity of land has led to a predominance of linear designs sensitive to circulation, such designs divided into linear style, fan style and circular style. As for methods of creating openness, there was a positive use of void space for vertical openness and the use of open gaze with slab openings as part of the use of Raumplan. Horizontal openness was achieved not in the structure of the rooms, but through methods of dividing up areas of space, as by placing a window in a wall dividing rooms, blocking flow but allowing openness by opening vision.

본 연구는 4세기-7세기 중엽까지 이루어진 ‘불상의 複製’를 통해 중국 중세 불교문화의 양상을 살펴보고자 한 것이다. 기록과 실물자료 등을 통해 어떤 상이 복제되었으며, 그리고 왜 복제되었는지를 분석하고, 나아가 누가 복제를 주도했는지 고찰하였다. 불상 복제의 가장 큰 動因은 불상이 가진 正統性이었다. 정통성의 연원은 인도에서 유래했다는 전승, 기적과 영이의 서사였다. 그리하여 전래상으로서 많은 기적을 일으켰던 아육왕상계 불상과 출현과정이 신이했던 중국상들이 주로 복제되었다. 6세기 후반에 이르면 복제의 양상이 변화한다. ‘부처의 모습을 그대로 재현한 진용상’들이 새롭게 등장했다. 그리고 뛰어난 그림에 ‘感神通靈’의 능력이 있다는 인식을 반영해 張僧繇 같은 유명화가가 그린 불상이 전 계층에 걸쳐 널리 복제되었다. 복제상의 유통은 불교신앙의 확장을 의미한다. 그러므로 불교의 확장을 목표로 하는 승려들이 불상의 복제를 주도했다. 여기에 유력한 재가신자들 역시 原像이 가지는 영험을 공유하기 위해 불상의 복제에 나섰다. 그러나 두 계층에 의한 불상의 복제와 복제상의 유포는 일부 지역에 한정되었다. 隋 煬帝에 의한 복제상의 전국적인 유포는 이런 한계를 깨뜨렸다. 복제상의 전국적인 유포는 ‘황제권력에 의한 표준상의 정립’이라는 점에서, 과거와 다른 새로운 불교문화의 전개를 예고하는 것이었다.

This paper explores the aspects of Buddhist culture in Medieval China through the reproduction of Buddhist statues, which took place between the 4th and mid 7th centuries. Based on the analysis of the records and the existing Buddhist statues, I examined which Buddhist statues were reproduced, why they were reproduced, and who led the reproduction and its circulation. The most important factor in the reproduction of Buddhist statues was the legitimacy of the statues. The statues that were handed down in India, or that caused miracles, were believed to have legitimacy. Thus, the Asokan statues, which were known to have originated in India, and the statues made in China, which showed many miracles, were mainly reproduced. By the second half of the sixth century, the pattern of reproduction of Buddhist statues had changed. The statue as “true visage” which represent the image of Buddha appeared. And Buddha statues painted by famous artists were widely copied, reflecting the perception that outstanding paintings have the power to call miracles. The distribution of cloned Buddhist statues means the expansion of Buddhist faith. Thus, monks led the reproduction of the Buddhist statues. The powerful believers also began to cloning Buddhist statues to share its superpowers. In general, however, the duplicates created by the two classes were distributed only in some areas. The distribution of the Buddhist statues by the Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty(隋煬帝) broke this limit. The nationwide spread of the cloned Buddhist statues was a sign of the development of a new Buddhist culture different from the past in that it was the establishment of a standard Buddhist statue by the emperor.

주택기지 ‘사용권’의 성질·명칭 및 ‘삼권분리(三权分置)’ 모델에 대해서는 이론상 큰 논쟁이 존재한다. 이러한 쟁점을 명확히 하는 것은 주택기지 ‘삼권 분리’ 개혁을 촉진하고, 중국의 현행 토지권리 체계를 완비하는 데 기여한다. 주택기지 사용권의 유통(流转) 과정은 성원(成员) 자격 보유 여부에 따라 외 부 양도와 내부 양도로 구분되며, 각각 상이한 규칙이 적용된다. 임차 형태로 유통되는 경우에는 ‘주택·토지 일체’ 원칙에 따라 양자 모두 중국 현행법상의 임차 규정을 적용할 수 있다. 외부 양도 중 매매 방식에 의한 유통에는 법정 임차권 규정을 적용하고, 증여나 상속 방식에 의한 유통에는 토지의 성질을 집 단 경영성 건설용지 사용권(集团经营性建设用地使用权)으로 전환하여야 한 다. 내부 양도의 경우, 양수인이 주택 및 주택기지 양수 요건을 충족하면 주택 소유권과 주택기지 사용권을 취득하며, 요건을 충족하지 못할 때에는 주택 소 유권과 (유상 사용료를 지급하는) 주택기지 사용권 또는 (신청에 따라) 집단 경영성 건설용지 사용권을 취득한다. ‘제3의 권리’ 적용 범위를 명확히 한 후, 성원 자격 제한으로 인한 주택·토지 분리 문제를 해결하기 위하여 입법은 주 택기지 임차에 관한 규정을 마련하고, 등기효력주의에 기초한 법정 임차권을 형성하여야 한다. 주택기지 ‘사용권’의 성질은 ‘물권설’을 채택하고, 그 명칭은 ‘임차’적 특성을 반영하여야 한다. 아울러 주택기지 제도 개혁에서는 사용 범위 를 확대할 필요가 있으나, 집단 경영성 건설용지 사용권과의 경계를 분명히 설 정해야 하며, 주택기지 사용은 거주(부속 시설 포함) 및 농촌 산업형 영업 목적 에 한정되어야 한다.

There is significant debate in theory regarding the nature and name of the homestead “use right”, and the “separation of three rights” model. Clarifying these theoretical issues will facilitate the reform of the homestead “separation of three rights” and improve the existing land rights system in China. In the process of “use right” circulation of homestead, external circulation and internal circulation can be divided according to whether it is a member, and different rules can be applied. If the circulation is in the form of leasing, based on the “integrated housing ownership and land-use rights” principle, both can apply China’s current laws concerning leasing. In external circulation, if the circulation is by sale, the provisions on statutory leasehold right should apply; if by gift or inheritance, the nature of the land should be changed to the collectively-owned commercial construction land use right. In internal circulation, if the transferee meets the conditions for the transfer of housing and homestead, they obtain the ownership of the house and the homestead use right; otherwise, they acquire the ownership of the house and the homestead use right (by paying a usage fee) or the collectively-owned commercial construction land use right (by application). After clarifying the application scenarios of the “third right” of homestead, to address the issue of the separation of house and land caused by identity restrictions, legislation should make provisions on the lease of homestead, adopting the principle of registration effectiveness. The nature of the homestead “use right” should be “property theory”, with its name reflecting the characteristics of “lease”. In the reform of the system of homestead, the scope of homestead usage should be expanded, but the boundary between it and the right to use collectively-owned commercial construction land should be clearly defined. The former should be limited to residential purposes (including ancillary facilities) and rural industrial operations.

宅基地“使用权”性质、名称及“三权分置”模式在理论上有较大争议，厘 清上述理论问题将助推宅基地“三权分置”改革、完善中国现存土地权利体 系. 在宅基地使用权流转过程中，依据是否为成员身份可分为外部转让和 内部转让，并适用不同规则. 以租赁形式流转的，依据“房地一体”原则， 两者均可适用中国现行法有关租赁的规则. 在外部转让中，以出卖方式流 转的，应适用法定租赁权规定；以赠与或继承方式流转的，应将土地性 质变更为集体经营性建设用地使用权. 在内部转让中，若受让人为符合房 屋及宅基地受让条件的，取得房屋所有权和宅基地使用权；否则，取得 房屋所有权和宅基地使用权（支付有偿使用费）或集体经营性建设用地 使用权（依申请）. 在明确宅基地“第三权”适用场景后，为解决身份限制 导致的房地分离问题，立法应对宅基地租赁作出规定，形成法定租赁 权，采登记生效主义. 宅基地“使用权”性质应采“物权说”，其名称应体现 “租赁”特点. 在宅基地制度改革中，宅基地用途范围需扩张，但应明确其 与集体经营性建设用地使用权的界限，前者应以居住（包括其附属设 施）和农村产业类经营目的为限.

주택기지 ‘사용권’의 성질·명칭 및 ‘삼권분리(三权分置)’ 모델에 대해서는 이론상 큰 논쟁이 존재한다. 이러한 쟁점을 명확히 하는 것은 주택기지 ‘삼권 분리’ 개혁을 촉진하고, 중국의 현행 토지권리 체계를 완비하는 데 기여한다. 주택기지 사용권의 유통(流转) 과정은 성원(成员) 자격 보유 여부에 따라 외 부 양도와 내부 양도로 구분되며, 각각 상이한 규칙이 적용된다. 임차 형태로 유통되는 경우에는 ‘주택·토지 일체’ 원칙에 따라 양자 모두 중국 현행법상의 임차 규정을 적용할 수 있다. 외부 양도 중 매매 방식에 의한 유통에는 법정 임차권 규정을 적용하고, 증여나 상속 방식에 의한 유통에는 토지의 성질을 집 단 경영성 건설용지 사용권(集团经营性建设用地使用权)으로 전환하여야 한 다. 내부 양도의 경우, 양수인이 주택 및 주택기지 양수 요건을 충족하면 주택 소유권과 주택기지 사용권을 취득하며, 요건을 충족하지 못할 때에는 주택 소 유권과 (유상 사용료를 지급하는) 주택기지 사용권 또는 (신청에 따라) 집단 경영성 건설용지 사용권을 취득한다. ‘제3의 권리’ 적용 범위를 명확히 한 후, 성원 자격 제한으로 인한 주택·토지 분리 문제를 해결하기 위하여 입법은 주 택기지 임차에 관한 규정을 마련하고, 등기효력주의에 기초한 법정 임차권을 형성하여야 한다. 주택기지 ‘사용권’의 성질은 ‘물권설’을 채택하고, 그 명칭은 ‘임차’적 특성을 반영하여야 한다. 아울러 주택기지 제도 개혁에서는 사용 범위 를 확대할 필요가 있으나, 집단 경영성 건설용지 사용권과의 경계를 분명히 설정해야 하며, 주택기지 사용은 거주(부속 시설 포함) 및 농촌 산업형 영업 목적 에 한정되어야 한다.

There is significant debate in theory regarding the nature and name of the homestead “use right”, and the “separation of three rights” model. Clarifying these theoretical issues will facilitate the reform of the homestead “separation of three rights” and improve the existing land rights system in China. In the process of “use right” circulation of homestead, external circulation and internal circulation can be divided according to whether it is a member, and different rules can be applied. If the circulation is in the form of leasing, based on the “integrated housing ownership and land-use rights” principle, both can apply China’s current laws concerning leasing. In external circulation, if the circulation is by sale, the provisions on statutory leasehold right should apply; if by gift or inheritance, the nature of the land should be changed to the collectively-owned commercial construction land use right. In internal circulation, if the transferee meets the conditions for the transfer of housing and homestead, they obtain the ownership of the house and the homestead use right; otherwise, they acquire the ownership of the house and the homestead use right (by paying a usage fee) or the collectively-owned commercial construction land use right (by application). After clarifying the application scenarios of the “third right” of homestead, to address the issue of the separation of house and land caused by identity restrictions, legislation should make provisions on the lease of homestead, adopting the principle of registration effectiveness. The nature of the homestead “use right” should be “property theory”, with its name reflecting the characteristics of “lease”. In the reform of the system of homestead, the scope of homestead usage should be expanded, but the boundary between it and the right to use collectively-owned commercial construction land should be clearly defined. The former should be limited to residential purposes (including ancillary facilities) and rural industrial operations.

宅基地“使用权”性质、名称及“三权分置”模式在理论上有较大争议，厘 清上述理论问题将助推宅基地“三权分置”改革、完善中国现存土地权利体 系. 在宅基地使用权流转过程中，依据是否为成员身份可分为外部转让和 内部转让，并适用不同规则. 以租赁形式流转的，依据“房地一体”原则， 两者均可适用中国现行法有关租赁的规则. 在外部转让中，以出卖方式流 转的，应适用法定租赁权规定；以赠与或继承方式流转的，应将土地性 质变更为集体经营性建设用地使用权. 在内部转让中，若受让人为符合房 屋及宅基地受让条件的，取得房屋所有权和宅基地使用权；否则，取得 房屋所有权和宅基地使用权（支付有偿使用费）或集体经营性建设用地 使用权（依申请）. 在明确宅基地“第三权”适用场景后，为解决身份限制 导致的房地分离问题，立法应对宅基地租赁作出规定，形成法定租赁 权，采登记生效主义. 宅基地“使用权”性质应采“物权说”，其名称应体现 “租赁”特点. 在宅基地制度改革中，宅基地用途范围需扩张，但应明确其 与集体经营性建设用地使用权的

윤혜진은 한국전통음악의 기반 위에 해제와 재통합을 통해 한국전통음악의 미감을 호흡, 침묵, 공간성, 순환 등으로 점철된 음악어법으로 표현하는 작곡가이다. 여러 작품을 통해 드러나는, 그의 작품을 규정짓는 중심 개념 중 그가 지닌 음악적 사고의 핵심은 ‘순환’이다. 윤혜진이 말하는 ‘순환’이란 단순한 반복을 통해 원형으로 다시 돌아가는 것이 아닌, 끊임없이 움직이는 연속적인 선과 나선적인 움직임을 함축한다. 그는 이 발전적 상승을 통해 심리적 안정감보다는 긴장감을 지속시키기를 원한다. 본 연구는 작곡가 윤혜진과의 대면 및 서면 인터뷰와 본 연구자의 개별 분석을 토대로 하여 2011년 작곡된 거문고 독주를 위한 <마른숨>에 나타난 작곡가의 순환적 어법을 구명하는 데에 목적을 두었다. <마른숨>에 활용된 윤혜진의 순환적 어법은 다양한 측면에서 논의될 수 있다. 침묵과 소리의 연속성, 속도, 박자, 리듬 구조, 연주자의 호흡, 긴장과 이완의 관계 등의 요소들이 복합적으로 작용하여 윤혜진 특유의 순환적 어법이 드러나는 바, 본 연구에서는 이 중 <마른숨>을 이끌고 있는 중심음이 순환되는 방식을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 윤혜진은 음을 단순한 나열에 그치게 하지 않고, 다양한 음색의 변화를 꾀하여 일정 단위로 무리지어 제시한다. 결국 <마른숨>에서는 C와 B♭, 그리고 F의 세 음이 거문고의 개방현에 배치되 어 출현 빈도를 높이면서 그물의 벼리(綱)를 형성하는 가운데, 그 주변의 음들이 이와 촘촘히 엮여 에너지 넘치는 생동감을 더해 주는, 일종의 ‘소리그물(Sound Net)’을 만들어 내고 있다고 할 수 있다.

Hyejin Yoon is a composer who expresses the aesthetic sense of Korean traditional music through the musical usage of breathing, silence, extensity, and circulation, etc. by deconstruction and reintegration on the basis of Korean traditional music. The core of her musical thinking, among the central concepts that define her works revealed through several works, is ‘circulation’. The ‘circulation’, Hyejin Yoon refers to, does not return to the original form through simple repetition, but implies a continuous moving line and spiral movement. She hopes to sustain the tension through this progressive increase rather than psychological stability. This study aimed to investigate the composer's cyclical usage in <Dried Breath> for Geomungo composed in 2011 on the basis of face-to-face and written interviews with composer Hyejin Yoon and the individual analysis of this researcher. Hyejin Yoon's cyclical usage disclosed in <Dried Breath> can be discussed in various aspects. As the elements such as the continuity of silence and sound, tempo, meter, rhythmic structure, the player's breathing, and the relationship between tension and relaxation complexly work, Hyejin Yoon's unique cyclical usage reveals, and in them this study mainly examined the circulating method of the central tones leading <Dried Breath>. Hyejin Yoon does not simply organize the notes, but presents them in groups in a certain unit through change of various timbres. Ultimately, as the three notes C, B♭, and F are placed on the open strings of Geomungo increasing the frequency of appearance and forming the guide ropes at the edge of a fishing net, it can be said that in <Dried Breath> a kind of “Sound Net” is created, which adds energetic vitality through the tight intertwining of the surrounding notes with these three notes.

이 연구는 연극영화학을 전공하면서 교직이수 중에 있는 학생들을 한 학기 동안 지도하면서 그 과정과 결과를 정리한 실행연구이며 모의 수업, 동영상 촬영, 반성적 환류 등을 통한 교직이수자들의 수업능력 향상 및 전문성 함양에 그 목적을 두고 있다. 구체적인 수업 지도는 2019학년도 2학기 ‘연극영화 교과교재연구 및 지도법’이라는 과목을 통해 이뤄졌으며 충북 소재 S대학교 공연영상학과 3학년 학생 중 해당과목을 수강한 11명을 대상으로 하였다. 학생들은 수업계획, 교안작성, 교안발표, 모의수업, 수업동영상 촬영, 자가 점검, 지도교수 피드백, 현직중등교사 컨설팅 등의 과정을 거쳤으며 그 중 반성적 수업 환류의 핵심은 수업 동영상 촬영 및 자가 점검에 있다. 이러한 일련의 과정은 아직 수업 경험이 없어 평가를 받아본 적이 없는 교직이수학생 및 연극영화전공 학생들이 직접 본인이 수업하는 장면을 동영상을 통해 다시 되돌아봄으로써 자연적으로 수업 반성 활동을 하게 되고, 이것이 수업 능력향상으로 이어지는 환류시스템을 이루었음을 의미한다. 이 연구는 각 단계마다의 자료를 수집하고 이를 정리하여 연구결과물로 도출해내는 이 연구 과정 자체가 필자의 한 학기의 수업 반성으로 기능하였다고 할 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구는 전 과정에 걸쳐 대학교육 혁신본부와의 업무 연계에 의해 실행되었다. 모의수업 동영상 촬영 및 편집, CD 제작, 자가 진단표 항목작성, 현직 중등교사 수업 컨설팅 등 본 연구에서 중요하게 다루고 있는 핵심 사안마다 대학교육 혁신본부의 계획과 협조에 힘입은 바가 크다는 점을 밝힌다. 이에 본 연구는 본인의 수업에 대한 반성적 성찰을 통해 교직이수자들의 수업 능력을 향상시키고 이 과정을 체계화하여 차후 학기에도 동일한 목적을 달성할 수 있도록 하고 이를 바탕으로 향후 더욱 발전된 교수방법을 개발하며 그 방법론을 동료 연구자들과 공유하고자 하는 것이 그 목적이라고 할 수 있다.

This action study is that summarizes the process and results by teaching students who are in the teaching education course while majoring in theatrical cinematography for one semester and it is aimed to improves the teaching ability and professionalism of the teaching education course through reflective circulation. The specific instruction was conducted through the subject of 'Study & Teaching Method of Play & Cinema' in the second semester of 2019, and 11 students who took the subject among the third grade students of the Performing Art Media Department at Semyung University in Jecheon, Chungbuk Province. Students went through the course of class planning, drafting, teaching plan presentation, simulated class, video shooting, self-inspection, supervisor feedback and consulting from current middle school teachers, among which the core of reflective class circulation is video shooting and self-inspection. In this series of courses, students in teaching education course and theater majors who have not been evaluated because they have not yet had class experience, will be able to reflect on the scene of their own lessons through video, which will naturally reflect on the class. This study is that analyzes and summarizes the reflective circulation process of student. In addition, it can be said that the research process itself, which collects data for each stage and organizes it into research results, functioned as a reflection of my class for one semester. And this study was also conducted by a work connection with the Educational Innovation Laboratory of Semyung University throughout the entire process. The core issues that are important in this study, such as taking picture and editing mock class videos, making CDs, writing self-diagnosis, and consulting for current middle school teachers, are largely due to the plan and cooperation of the Education Innovation Laboratory of Semyung University.

A survey on a catholic church was undertaken based on the human behavioral investigation. Several methods of collecting behavioral data were accomplished including Reference research, interviews, observation, questionnaire. Also, specific data analyses were carried out using several charts considering area, role, activity and user and administrator's point of view. Relationship chart of activity and adjacency was made to configure out the space correlation. Simultaneous use chart was also made by observers and used to remodeling of the spaces of the church. As a result, a new design was suggested which satisfy users with more contentment as well as administrators. This kind of research methods could be a model of current remodeling of building based on the human behaviour.

재외한인연구를 함에 있어서 재외한인단체 및 재외한인공동체에 관한 우수한 연구들은 매우 많지만 한인 지식인 네트워크나 한국계 인재의 현황에 대한 기초조사를 다룬 연구는 거의 없다고 할 수 있다. 이공계 쪽에서는 재미과학자협회 등을 통해 해외에서 자리 잡고 있는 학자들간의 활발한 활동도 엿볼 수 있으나, 특히 사회과학관련분야에서 도 크게 두드러지게 지식인 네트워크에 관해 연구한 것은 찾아 볼 수 없다고 할 수 있다. 기존 “한국학”의 범주에 속한 학술정보 외의 기타 사회과학분야 범주에 관한 정보는 전혀 정리되어있지 않은 점에 착안하여, 본 논문은 점증하는 글로벌 인구이동의 흐름 안에서 지식인사회의 인구이동과 그 영향에 대해 주목하고, 특히 유네스코 사회과학보고서에서 도 언급하고 있는 지역간 지식격차를 줄이기 위한 방법의 하나로서 두뇌순환의 한국적 맥락을 생각해보고자 하는 시도이다. 유네스코 세계사회과학보고서의 내용을 비판적으로 천착하되, 우선 수집 가능한 자료를 토대로 한미경제학회, 한국사회학회, 한국문화인류학회 및 한국연구재단, 한국학중앙연구원으로부터의 관련 자료협조를 얻어 한국사회 과학계의 지식인 네트워크 내지는 지적교류의 특징을 정리, 분석하고, 사회과학자의 이동에 대한 전략적 접근을 통해 사회과학적 분석기술과 자료면에서 보다 충실한 비교연구가 가능한 차세대 사회과학자를 양성하기 위해 장기적인 안목을 가지고 접근할 것을 주장한다.

Most researches on Korean diaspora were mainly focused on overseas Korean communities and their settlement processes. This paper is more geared towards the newly emerging researches on the knowledge diaspora network, which developed in line with development programs of international organizations. Using the recent issue of World Social Science Report from UNESCO (2010) as a basic comparative framework, this paper examines the current status of Korean knowledge diaspora from the viewpoint of brain circulation in order to find a better way to tap the potentials of overseas Koreans.

This essay illustrates how Richard Powers' Gold Bug Variations (1991) recreates the discourse of the “genome,” and connects this to other fragmentary objects to create new ideas through circulation and variation of the “language of life.” While others have examined the novel's relationship to aesthetics, I focus on the author's use of “information theory and scientific systems” to explain the development of genomic research as an interdisciplinary phenomenon. I address how scientific theories and their modes of articulation have evolved so that one scientist's theory or hypothesis will be decoded by the next generation. This causes a consistent movement at the center of scientific focus when each new discovery is made. Powers wants to explore the genome and history of the genomic study from the archaeological standpoint of knowledge, and more importantly, the current historical moment, in which the infinity of the genome is articulated through the cybernetic metaphor. By weaving multiple discourses on linguistic and non-linguistic fields with Bach's Goldberg Variations, Herri's art, biology, and computer science, he shows the development of biology from modern to post-modern through cybernetic metaphors and advanced technologies.

본 연구는 2018~2020년에 발표한 국내 자원순환 정책이 EU의 환경정책인 순환경제 정책과 비교하고, 향후 정책대안 을 구성함에 있어 근거자료로 활용되는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 EU가 2014년, 2015년, 2018년, 2020년 발표한 4 개의 정책을 대상으로 주요 키워드를 도출하고, 이를 정책목표(Lv1), 핵심전략(Lv2), 모니터링(Lv3)으로 구성하여 EU의 순환경제 정책 관점에서 5개의 국내 자원순환 정책을 분석한다. 그 결과 자원순환 분야 최상위 계획인「제1차 자원순환 기본계획」의 경우 EU 순환경제 정책을 100점으로 기준했을 때, 90점으로 EU와 상당히 유사한 수준의 정책임을 확인 하였다.

The purpose of this study is to compare the domestic resource circulation policy announced in 2018-2020 and the EU's environmental policy, circular economy policy, to be used as a basis for future policy alternatives. To this end, main keywords were derived from the four policies announced by the EU in 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2020, and these were composed of policy goals (Lv1), core strategies (Lv2), and monitoring (Lv3). This study analyzes the five domestic resource circulation policies from the perspective of the circular economy policy. As a result, in the case of the “1st Master Plan for Resource Circulation,” which was the highest level plan in the field of resource circulation, it was confirmed that it was a policy at a level quite similar to that of the EU policy, with a score of 90 based on 100 points of EU circular economy policy.

An experiment to investigate the natural circulation of a cryogen has been performed. The study is motivated mainly by our recent development of cryogenic cooling system for prototype superconducting cyclotron without any circulating pump. In the natural circulation loop system, a cooling channel is attached on the outer surface of the aluminium block and the liquid nitrogen passes through inside of the channel to cool the block indirectly. A cryocooler as a heat sink is located at the top to re-condense cryogenic vapor coming from the aluminium block in which electrical heater is installed as a heat source. The main dimensions are determined using the relevant analysis and the natural circulation loop is successfully fabricated. The temperature distributions in the loop are measured during initial cool-down process and in steady state, from which the modified Grashof numbers are calculated and compared with the existing correlation estimated with one-dimensional analysis for steady state flow.

At present, the world economic situation is complex, and the epidemic has dealt a huge blow to global economic development. In this context, it is particularly important for China's economic construction to accelerate a pattern with the domestic circulation as the main body and the mutual promotion of domestic and double cycles between China and international cycles. From the perspective of the industrial chain, China is still in the middle and low end of the value chain, and the overall export competition and trade volume are low. Strengthening China's industrial chain with the help of regional economic integration is an important way to promote the "dual circulation", which can simultaneously stimulate the vitality of the two domestic and international markets, promote each other, and enhance the ability to resist risks. Among them, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) has become a crucial platform for regional cooperation for China to build a current "dual circulation" development pattern. The development of digital economy relies on the rapid changes of digital technology. With this in-depth development of digital technology and the growing development trend of the digital economy, we are still deeply troubled by the data leakage, data abuse, digital security, network security and other technical issues, which also creates our trust in the digital economy. Studying the digital trust problem is also an indispensable step towards in achieving a healthy, efficient and sustainable digital ecological environment. Although scholars have conducted extensive studies on supply chain services in cross-border transactions and the development trend of the digital economy, the related research results have failed to address the following issues. First of all, due to cultural differences and customs, consumers in different countries often show differences in consumption behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comparative study on consumers in different countries to understand their behavioral preferences and differences. Secondly, most of the current literature on trust issues in cross-border transactions mainly focuses on consumer privacy and information security. It is necessary to sort out the framework of supply chain services and explore consumers' choice strategies when facing different types of services. Finally, scholars often focus on one or several types of influencing factors and ignore the interaction and influence of different types of factors. Therefore, this topic believes that in the current research, the trust relationship management model for the inclusive development of digital trade in the regional integration environment has not been constructed wholly and systematically, and many essential components have not been included in the research framework, which restricts the further development of the research in this field. So, this project will carry out analysis in five dimensions, from the technology and development of the digital economy, the reshaping of services and consumption, the acceptance of the customer, the labor market and ethical and moral safety, to deconstruct the connotation and the pattern of digital economy. This can not only describe the development picture and mechanism of digital economy in each dimension, but also try to clarify the relevance and influence among the dimensions. This project takes the trust of different stakeholders in the digital economy as the entry point. Also, it takes the users and enterprises under regional integration as the research objects to explore the specific factors affecting the trust behavior of the surrounding destiny community. The research process focuses on analyzing the trust management model in the overseas development of Zhejiang enterprises and exploring the changes that RCEP will bring to the overseas development. This project conducted an empirical study based on questionnaires, using a structural equation model through which the measurement and structural models were evaluated. The project verifies information reliability through empirical studies, examines the trust transfer function of trusted third parties in the digital environment through laboratory experiments, and analyzes the factors that moderate trust transfer by relying on partial least squares multigroup analysis. Ultimately, this topic realizes the evaluation of the effectiveness and overall effectiveness of the trust model. The study results verify that RCEP will strongly support Zhejiang enterprises' foreign development, and at the same time, identify some challenges faced by some Zhejiang enterprises in the process of foreign development. Also, the results will be beneficial to discover some new ideas to promote economic development further with RCEP. The research described in this paper was supported by a grant from the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (File No. 202110337048).

Hydrogen is an eco-friendly energy source and is being actively researched in various fields around the world, including mobility and aerospace. In order to effectively utilize hydrogen energy, it should be used in a liquid state with high energy storage density, but when hydrogen is stored in a liquid state, BOG (boil-off gas) is generated due to the temperature difference with the atmosphere. This should be re-condensed when considering storage efficiency and economy. In particular, large-capacity liquid hydrogen storage tank is required a gaseous helium circulation cooling system that cools by circulating cryogenic refrigerant due to the increase in heat intrusion from external air as the heat transfer area increases and the wide distribution of the gas layer inside the tank. In order to effectively apply the system, thermo-hydraulic analysis through process analysis is required. In this study, the condenser design and system characteristics of a gaseous helium circulation cooling system for BOG recondensation of a liquefied hydrogen storage tank were compared.

With the continuous performance improvement and commercialization of HTS wires, there have been many efforts to commercialize HTS power cables recently. Unlike conventional power cables, a cryogenic cooling system is required for a HTS power cable and a cryogenic pump is one of the essential components to circulate subcooled liquid nitrogen and cool the HTS power cable. Especially, the development of a reliable and high-efficiency cryogenic pump is an important issue for the commercialization of HTS power cables of several kilometers or more. In this study, we designed and fabricated a cryogenic pump for subcooled liquid nitrogen with a mass flow rate of 1.2 kg/s, a differential pressure of 5 bar, and evaluated the hydraulic performance of the pump. Impeller design was conducted to meet the target design performance with 1 D analysis model and CFD analysis. The pump performance parameters such as pressure heads, mass flow rates, and efficiencies in accordance with rotating speeds were assessed using a laboratory's performance evaluation system.

This article examines the production, release and reception of Wonderful Days (Wŏndŏp’ul teisŭ, 2003), in the context of the historical developments and contemporary standing of the Korean animation industry, both at home and around the world. More specifically, this article discusses the transformation of Wonderful Days into Sky Blue, addressing the changes to the film’s content and title, and providing an analysis of the marketing and critical reception of the film in the USA and UK. The film’s Korean identity was largely disguised in its marketing and ignored by reviewers; Wonderful Days is therefore an important example of the limitations of the Korean wave, an instructive case study that reveals a perception of Korean animation as inferior and superficial. Finally, this article concludes with a discussion of South Korea’s internationally co-produced animated films, the release and reception of which also demonstrate the difficulty of Korean animation overcoming its invisibility and establishing a meaningful international identity alongside Japanese animation.

이 연구는 20세를 전후한 남자대학생들을 대상으로 비만학생그룹, 일반학생그룹, 운동학생그룹으로 구분하고 그룹별 신체적 특성, 혈액성분분석, 심장과 폐의 기능 등을 측정하여 그 결과를 그룹간에 비교평가 하였다. 이 연구에 참여한 대상자는 체지방율 28% 이상인 비만학생 그룹 13명과 평소 계획적인 운동을 하지 않는 일반학생 그룹 20명이 다. 측정 및 검사를 통해 얻어진 자료들은 spss 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 평균(X)과 표준편차(SD)를 산출했다. 비만 학생그룹, 일반학생그룹, 운동학생그룹간의 신체적 특성, 혈액성분, 심폐기능에 관련된 자료들은 ANOVA를 하였고 의 의있는 F비가 나타난 경우에는 Duncan 사후비교를 하였다. χ의 수준은 p〈.05로 설정하였다. 혈액성분과 심폐기능을 측정분석한 결과로서 혈당검사에서도 세 그룹 모두 정상으로 나타났고, Hematocrit는 비만학생, 일반학생, 운동학생 그룹간에 P〈.001 수준에서, Hemoglobin은 P〈.01 수준에서 통계적으로 의의있는 차를 보였으나 세 그룹 보두 정상 으로 나타났고, Total Cholesterol은 운동학생, 비만학생, 일반학생 그룹간에 P〈.001 수준에서 통계적으로 의있는 차 가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 혈압은 비만학생, 일반학생, 운동학생 그룹간에 통계적으로 의의있는 차가 없는 것으로 나 타났고, 폐용량은 폐활량, 노력성 폐활량, 1초량에서 운동학생 그룹이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of obesity among male university students around the age of 20 by dividing them into obese student groups, ordinary student groups, and athletic student groups, and by measuring the physical characteristics of each group, blood component analysis, heart and lung functions. The data obtained through measurement and inspection were calculated using the SPs statistics program to calculate the mean (X) and standard deviation (SD). The level of χ is 〈.05 is 05. Measurement and analysis of blood components and cardiopulmonary functions resulted in the following conclusions. As a result of measuring blood component and cardiopulmonary function, all three groups were normal in blood glucose test. Hematocrit was statistically significant at P <.001 level among obese students, general students, and athletic students, and hemoglobin was statistically, But the three groups showed good results.