Earticle

본 연구는 발도르프 습식수채화 기법을 목회자 부부 집단상담 프로그램에 활용한 사례연구로서 본 사례를 통해 습식수채화 기법의 부부 집단상담 적용가능성을 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 습식수채화 기법 을 활용한 부부 집단상담 프로그램을 중년기 목회자 부부 7쌍을 대상으로 3개의 집단으로 나눠 실시하여 참여자들의 변화과정과 참여자들이 인식한 효과를 심층면접을 통해 탐색하였다. 프로그램은 총 8회기로 구성되었으며, 부부 각자의 내면탐색과 상호이해, 상호교류와 친밀감 증진에 초점을 두고 설계되었다. 한 집단의 사례를 중심으로 변화 과정을 제시하였고 내담자들의 사후 조사와 면접자료를 분석하여 프로그램 참여자 7쌍 부부의 효과에 대한 경험을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 습식수채화가 편안하지만 심도 있는 내면작 업과 배우자 이해, 상호교류 등을 유발하였고, 부부 친밀감 증진에도 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 습식수채화 작업을 둘러싼 부부간의 상징적인 상호작용 행위들이 부부의 긍정적인 교류를 촉진하는데 도움 이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 습식수채화를 부부상담에 활용할 때의 장점과 더불어 구체적 관계기술 지도 등과 같이 보완되어야 할 부분 등에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

This study explored the change process and the efficacy of using wet-watercolor method for the pastor couples’ intervention program, based on the qualitative data of participants’ experience. For this purpose, we recruited 7 couples of middle-aged pastors, divided them into three groups, and implemented 8 sessions of the program for each groups. The group program rooted on the Waldorf wet watercolor tradition and included various activities to promote couple interaction, focusing on mutual understanding, transaction, and intimacy. The change process and the outcome of the program were depicted through the case examples of two couples. Based on the results of the post-questionnaire and interviews with the participants, we concluded that, wet watercolor enabled in-depth inner work, mutual understanding, and intimate transaction between husband and wife, which were followed by relationship improvement. These results implied the high potential efficacy of using wet watercolor method in couple program.

In the process of analyzing the case of whether the insurance company shall have the obligation to pay the insurance benefits for the insured’s death resulted from his or her drunk driving, the following sequence is followed. Firstly, carry out the academic theory promotion. Secondly, connect the process of academic theory promotion and judicial promotion. Then, make the judicial function-oriented big data observation. Finally, choose the litigation strategy and judicial judgment path. Judging from the connection degree of proof, evidence and fact, Article 45 of the Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the “Insurance Law”) only needs proving that the insured deliberately commits a crime, and there is no need to procedurally certify whether the insurer’s obligation to expressly explain those clauses that exempt the insurer from liability in the insurance contract is performed or not. Article 45 of the Insurance Law stipulates that where the insured deliberately commits crimes or resists the criminal compulsory measures adopted in accordance with applicable laws that cause him/her injured, disabled or dead, the insured shall not be liable for paying the insurance benefits. If the premium has been paid for more than two full years, the insurer shall return the cash value of the insurance policy as agreed in the contract. The core fact of the case “the insured dies due to drunk driving” is applied to this article, which can be intercepted as if the insured’s death results from him or her intentionally committing a crime, the insurer shall have no obligation to pay the insurance benefits. The death of the insured resulting from him or her intentionally committing a crime includes two possibilities. Firstly, the insured dies before the criminal judgment is made on the insured’s intentional crime. Secondly, the insured dies after the criminal judgment is made on the insured’s intentional crime. If the standard of proof of criminal crime is strictly followed, in the case of “the insured dies before the criminal judgment is made on the insured’s intentional crime”, it will fall into the following paradox: the insured cannot be prosecuted after his/her death, and the insured’s intentional crime cannot be confirmed without a lawsuit. The standard of proof of the “the insured’s intentional crime” should accord with the characteristic of the proof standard of civil ruling—— high probability. There exists a contradiction between the interpretation of the criminal proof standard in Article 22 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues concerning the Application of the Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China (III) and the civil proof standard implied in Article 45 of the Insurance Law. Under the premise of the lack of effective legal documents of criminal investigation organs, prosecutorial organs and judicial organs (hereafter referred to as the “three organs”), the understanding and scope of other conclusive opinions of the three organs has become the key to resolving the aforementioned contradiction. From the perspective of semantics, the content connected by the word “or” in judicial interpretation is juxtaposed. Other conclusive opinion documents of the three organs must be juxtaposed with the effective legal documents of the three organs. Other conclusive opinions in practice include judicial expertise documents affirmed by the three organs and traffic accident responsibility confirmations (judicial expertise documents themselves are not conclusive opinions because the three organs are not the subject of appraisal institution. Therefore, they belong to other conclusive opinions only when the judicial expertise documents are adopted and affirmed by the three organs.) Understanding the basic functions of big data in legal research requires resorting to psychology, behavioral psychology and social psychology. This is true for both the analysis of the main elements that produce big data and that of the bodies that use big data because the usefulness of big data to the methodology of jurisprudence is actually that for legal researchers and legal practitioners. In the process of giving concluding opinions on cases, the application sequence and value category of judicial big data should be scientifically and rationally configured, and combined with the psychological motivation of big data users to observe. The application of judicial big data should follow the following logical sequence. First, the acquisition and use of judicial big data should be based on the fact that concluding opinions have been made on the case and various possible solutions of the case have been prejudged. Second, judicial big data has limited error correction function. Finally, judicial big data has certain complementary functions. The above-mentioned process is only the primary function of judicial big data. The deeper function is to conduct further case tracking on the judgments’ and case facts’ differences between the case prejudging solution and judicial big data. The process also includes an in-depth comparison and study of facts, evidence and judgments between the cases to further clarify, confirm, deny and choose the case prejudging solution. Judicial big data is likely a high-definition camera. The judgment results of similar cases are clear at a glance. Under the premise that the parties and legal professionals are in the radiation range of this high-definition camera, the judicial function-oriented decision at least affects the selection result of the case-solving solution. The reasons are as follows: (1) The convergence psychology of judges and lawyers often leads them to choose the case handling solutions that account for a large proportion in judicial big data. (2) The parties are more likely to question or reject the judgment that accounts for a small proportion in judicial big data. If the judgment that accounts for a small proportion is based on, the appeal rate will increase. Combined with judicial big data, it is concluded that the case can be judged in accordance with Article 45 of the Insurance Law.

1990년대 후반에 일기 시작한 우리 사회의 위기 상황은 시간이 흐를수록 더욱 심화되는 양상이다. 신자유주의 체제 하에서 가속화되고 있는 국가 간 무한경쟁과 이로 인해 발생되고 있는 사회 전반에 걸친 경쟁가속화 현상은 교육 분야에서도 예외가 아니며, 특히 사회 양극화 현상에 따른 지역 간 격차는 더욱 심화되고 있다. 대학 통폐합 추진, 인문과학 및 자연과학 등 기초학문에 대한 위기 등 대학을 둘러싸고 벌어지고 있는 위기감의 가속화는 특히 지방 소재 대학의 위기감을 가속화 시키고 있으며, 그 중 인문학의 한 가운데에서 기초 학문의 교육과 연구를 담당하는 철학교육분야는 그 위기가 더욱 증폭되고 있다. 특히 우려되는 부분은 저조한 인구증가율과 그에 따른 대학입학자원의 격감현상에 따른 기초학문에 대한 무관심이라 하겠다. 이런 현실적 상황을 고려하여 본고에서는 군산대학교 철학과를 중심으로 철학과의 수요 측면, 즉 입학자원의 심각한 부족 현상에 대해서 집중적으로 논의하고자 한다. 최근 몇 년 동안 철학과는 심각한 사태에 직면해 있다 대졸자의 취업문제가 심각해지면서 철학과에 대한 수험생의 지원부족현상은 가중되고 있고, 여기에 소위 인문학 위기론 확산이 맞물리면서 철학과의 위기현상은 일상적 현실이 되었다. 하지만 유감스럽게도 이에 대한 현실적인 대책은 체계적으로 논의되거나 수립된 적이 없는 실정이다. 군산대 철학과는 지역사회와의 다양한 연계를 모색하고 있다. 그 중에서 논자는 논술 분야를 중심으로 추진하고 있는 학과의 현황을 제시함으로써 어려움을 겪고 있는 지방대학 일부 철학과의 발전 방향에 대한 참고가 되기를 희망한다. 논자는 글쓰기와 토론, 비판적 사고 교육이 유기적으로 연결된 강좌와 단계별 과정, 기획 행사 등을 상술하면서 철학과의 전망에 대해 긍정적으로 살펴볼 수 있기를 바라며, 이 연구가 지방대학 철학과의 활로 모색의 한 계기가 될 수 있기를 희망한다.

Kunsan National University department of philosophy has tried to increase many students' and citizens' critical thinking ability in a community. Thinking that divergence can harmonize with convergence, it offers the places in Kunsan National University for them to train and improve such an ability that centers on their convergent originality. For example, the cases are Kunsan National University ABEEK, the institution for lifelong education, the meeting for an essay type test and the camp for philosophy and an essay type test. In particular, the camp for philosophy and an essay type test is regarded as the best place for critical thinking ability. Kunsan National University department of philosophy makes the most use of a community of inquiry originated with Lipman. It is a good model for critical thinking ability because it has many important factors of convergent originality.

Recently, The huge impact of Information Technology adoption have made great changes in large parts of industries. Therefore, construction companies are trying to enhance productivity and to raise their competitiveness in the market by adopting information technology(IT). To this end, it is essential to develop a appropriate planning methodology for PMIS(Project Management Information System) in construction field. The purpose of this research is to suggest the systematic methods of evaluating the construction companies' information systems and establishing a long-term information strategy. The major results of this research are summarized as follows : we need to introduced PMIS, ASP, any other solutions, and its use on this study. And also, in IT policy side, it is need to make information classification standards, integrated D/B system, construction CALS standards and any other criterion related with IT standards.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the difference between the meaning and usage of the synonyms KIKEN and RISUKU through a survey using corpus. 1.KIKEN and RISUKU have a common meaning of 'the possibility of undesirable events or negative consequences'. 2.In the case of complex nouns KIKEN represents prediction and prevention of dangerous areas, places, substances, people, actions, or risks, whereas RISUKU represents management and evaluation of risks. 3.In the case of receiving the formula of a NO noun, KIKEN represents a risk of body, life, or disaster, whereas RISUKU related to economic activities. 4.In the case of receiving a basic verb modification, KIKEN indicates the risk of making a mistake, an incident, an accident, etc., whereas RISUKU economic loss. 5.RISUKU tends to represent a risk to be borne, suppressed, managed, whereas KIKEN is detected, predicted, avoided.

사회복지조직에서 일생활균형제도는 근로자가 일하는 방식과 문화와 깊게 관련되어 있으며, 사회적 약자를 대상으로 한 서비스의질을 좌우하는 중요한 사안이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 우수한 일생활균형제도를 실시하고 있는 사회복지조직을 사례로 선정하여, 제도의도입과 이행, 영향을 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 사례연구 대상을 선정하기 위해 2009년부터 서울시 일생활균형지원센터가 선정한일생활균형제도 우수기업 116개소 중 1차로 사회복지조직을 선별하고, 최종적으로 사회복지관 2개소 사례를 분석하였다. 서울시일생활균형지원센터에서 발행한 자료집, 조직 내부자료를 내용분석하고 조직구성원 7명 대상 개별면접자료를 주제분석하였다. 분석결과, ‘일생활균형제도 도입과 이행’, ‘일생활균형제도 영향’ 2개 범주와 8개 주제, 21개 하위주제가 도출되었다. 두 사회복지조직은운영법인과 최고관리자의 리더십의 영향으로 일생활균형제도를 도입하게 되었으며, 시행착오를 해결하며 시스템을 마련하고 조직문화를 만들어나갔다. 두 조직이 시행한 일생활균형제도는 조직 내부의 협력을 강화하고 사회적 약자에 대한 서비스 향상과 조직의이미지 제고에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 사회복지조직 일생활균형제도의 발전을 위한 정책적ㆍ실천적제언을 제시하였다.

Work-life balance systems in social welfare organizations are closely related to the way employees work and the organizational culture, and are directly linked to the quality of services provided to socially vulnerable populations. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the introduction, implementation, and impact of a good Work-Life Balance system using social service organization as a case study. To select the subjects for the case study, we initially chose social service organization from the 116 excellent work-life balance companies identified by the Seoul Work-Life Balance Support Center since 2009, and ultimately analyzed the two community social service centers. This study examined the contents of the source book published by the Seoul Work-Life Balance Support Center and the internal data of the community social service centers. Additionally, a thematic analysis of individual interviews with seven members of these community social service centers was conducted. The analysis identified two categories, eight themes and 21 sub-themes: ‘Introduction and implementation of the work-life balance system’, and ‘Impact of the Work-Life Balance System’. Based on these findings, policy and practical suggestions for the development of a work-life balance system in community social service centers are presented.

In the aggravated consequential offense of joint crime, the problem need to research is that more than two people jointly implement the basic crime, by one person or several people's behaviors causing heavier results, the criminal law provides the heavier penalties for the basic crime penalty, so the other co-perpetrators who do not directly cause the aggravated consequences should bear criminal responsibility for more serious results? In this regard, the prevailing view of Chinese criminal law theory is that the common principal offender of the basic crime should be responsible for the aggravated results, because the common criminals are the implementation of basic crime behavior, and the results may be equal. Besides, there is subjective negligence, so it should be responsible for the results of the increase. However, for narrowly committed accomplice, it is not directly involved in the implementation of the act of perpetrating, then whether to set up the results of aggravated accomplice, whether to bear the criminal responsibility of the results? Chinese scholars have different views. This article starts with the intentional injury case in practice, and puts forward the controversial issue. By examining the different views of scholars in Japanese criminal law theory, this paper analyzes various analyses of Chinese scholars, and puts forward their own views based on the provisions of Chinese criminal law. Article 25 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that a joint crime refers to an intentional crime committed by two or more persons jointly. A negligent crime committed by two or more persons jointly shall not be punished as a joint crime; however, those who should bear criminal responsibility shall be individually punished according to the crimes they have committed. Therefore, based on the provisions of the Criminal Law, China's common crime theory holds the idea that the establishment of a common crime must be the perpetrators in the joint implementation of a certain crime mean, mutual use, and complement each other’s behavior, so that the behavior of the perpetrators as a whole achieves crime. That is, it must be that more than two people have deliberately subjective common crime, common crime objectively. The so-called "common criminal intent", refers to the common criminals through contacts, a common understanding of their criminal acts will entail harmful consequences to society. They participate in the joint crime and hope or indulge the outcome of mental attitude. Negligent crime, for the perpetrators, it is not impossible to form the meaning of contact, and can’t set up a joint crime. Therefore, from the provisions of the current criminal law in China and the traditional theory of criminal law, the joint crime that the aggravated consequential offense with the heavier result in negligence form is not established, whether it is a common prisoner, or an instigator or help offenders. On the above analysis, the establishment of the accomplice of the aggravated offense in the Chinese criminal law should be divided into the following two cases: Firstly, for the intentional aggravated consequential offense, accomplice of the basic crime can increase results to form the joint crime. However, the occurrence of the results of all the actors must have a common intention. If all or two or more part of the perpetrators deliberately cause the occurrence of heavy results, but there is no common meaning, only a single intention, the heavier result is only committed at the same time. Secondly, for the negligent aggravated consequential offense, the accomplice of the crime can’t be aggravated by the results of the establishment of aggravated consequential offense. So, when two or more people carry out a specific crime, due to the act of the perpetrator led to the heavier result, whether the perpetrator of the basic crime should bear the criminal responsibility for the result of the increase? For the serious results for the intentional form of the aggravated consequential offense, the perpetrator intentionally cause heavy results, and people with a common intentional accomplice should set up the consequential offense accomplice, so they should bear the heavy result of criminal responsibility; With no joint intent, it can’t set up the accomplice of the aggravated consequential offense, but accomplice who act intentionally cause the aggravating results should be foreseeable and unforeseeable, should bear the responsibility for negligence; otherwise the person cause the serious result should take the responsibility. For the implementation of the act of negligence result in more serious results, although the joint crime of aggravated consequential offense is not established, but this does not mean that there can be an accomplice of the crime are not the responsibility for the aggravated consequence; negligence accomplice who has aggravated results shall bear criminal responsibility. The aggregated consequential offense, for highly dangerous of certain aggravated result of the crime, the criminals commit crime with mutual intention should foresee the possibility of the happening aggravated results. Therefore, we should pay special duty of care for avoiding the aggravated result to happen. Committing a crime with joint offense, criminals use and comply each other’s action. In this way, the action of criminals has become a corporate entity. Under the circumstances, joint criminals should predict the action may leads aggravated result to happen. So, special duty of care for avoiding aggravated result should be paid. Consequently, not only joint criminals have the obligation to avoid the aggravated result of own action, but also obligation on preventing aggravated result of other person’s action. Negligence existing when joint criminals ignore this kind of obligation and aggravated result is caused. Hence joint criminals should responsible for their own negligence. However, for the record, the accomplice commit the basic crime intentionally should recognize the danger caused by the action and predict the possibility of the aggravated result. We can’t get rid of the condition that the accomplice may not predict the aggravated result caused by their behavior. It cannot be justified to handle the aggravated responsibility. In conclusion，the crime is committed with mutual intent by two persons, whose behavior leads to aggravated results and the criminal law stipulates heavy sentence. The accomplice in criminal activities should bear responsibility. However, joint crime is invalid for the aggravated result. The accomplice should have taken responsibility for negligence, but it doesn’t mean give the same punishment on the accomplice. A distinction must be taken into account when deciding sentence. Particularly, relatively heavy sentence should correspond to the aggravated result caused by negligence. For his action leads to the aggravated result, it’s the demands of punishment shall be commensurate with the crime.

二人以上共同实施基本的犯罪行为时，由其中一人或数人的行为引起了较重的结果，刑法 对该较重的结果规定了比基本犯罪的刑罚更重的刑罚，没有直接引起加重结果的其余共同犯罪 人应否对该较重的结果承担刑事责任呢？对此，中国刑法理论通行的观点认为，基本罪的共同 正犯都应该对加重结果负责。但是，对于帮助犯、教唆犯能否成立结果加重犯的共犯，是否对 加重结果承担刑事责任，存在不同观点。 基于刑法的规定，中国的共同犯罪理论认为成立共同犯罪必须是两人以上主观上有共同犯 罪的故意，客观上有共同犯罪的行为。因此，重结果为过失形态的结果加重犯的共犯是不成立 的，不论是共同正犯，还是教唆犯或帮助犯。所以，法中结果加重犯的共犯之成立与否，应当 分为以下两种情况：对于加重结果的罪过形式为故意的结果加重犯，基本罪的共犯能够就加重 结果成立共同犯罪；对于加重结果的罪过形式为过失的结果加重犯，基本罪的共犯不能就加重 结果成立结果加重犯的共犯。 基本罪的共犯是否应当就加重结果承担刑事责任？对于重结果可以为故意形态的结果加重 犯，实行行为人故意导致了重结果的发生的，共犯与之有共同故意的，应成立结果加重犯之共 犯，就重结果共同承担刑事责任；不具有共同故意，不能成立结果加重犯的共犯，但共犯对于 实行行为人故意所造成的加重结果应当预见并且能够预见的，应当承担过失的责任；否则只能 由重结果的引起人承担责任。对于实行行为人的行为过失导致了较重的结果时，虽然不成立结 果加重犯的共犯，但这并不意味着可以认为基本罪的共犯一概不对该加重结果承担责任；对加 重结果的发生具有过失的共犯，应当承担其刑事责任。 结果加重犯由于基本的犯罪行为包含发生一定重结果的高度危险性，所以共同故意实施基 本犯罪的行为人，对重结果的发生应当具有具体的预见可能性，因而应当认为有避免重结果发 生的特别注意义务。以共同犯罪的意思实施基本罪时，各共同犯罪人相互利用、补充对方的行 为，这就使得各共犯的行为成为了一个整体。在这种情况下，各共犯应当预见到这个行为整体 有导致重结果发生的可能，从而负有避免该行为整体造成重结果发生的特别注意义务。因此， 各共犯不仅要负有避免自己的行为发生加重结果的义务，而且还负有避免他人的行为造成加重 结果的义务。当共犯负有这种防止加重结果发生的义务，但没有加以注意，以致产生了加重结 果时，就存在导致加重结果发生的过失。因此，共犯应当对自己的过失行为承担刑事责任。然 而，需要强调的是，并不能排除在具体案件中，共犯对加重结果并不一定都能够预见的情况， 如果一律判令其承担加重责任也是不合理的。

The motor vehicle driver (the insured) because of drunk driving accident and cause their own death, the insured's heirs and insurance company between the litigation dispute. In case analysis, insurance practice, insurance judicial dispute and insurance legal interpretation are interwoven, and the judicial function is the guide. The process of analysis forms four logical planes of multi-dimensional thinking: the logical plane of academic theory advancing, the logical plane of judicature advancing, the logical plane of evidence facts advancing and the logical plane of thinking connecting three logical planes. The specific process is as follows: extracting the core facts of the case and obtaining the preferred solution; interpreting article 45 of the insurance law and its judicial interpretation; examining the promotion process of the theory based on judicial functions; conducting judicial big data analysis; exploring other solutions to the case. Of intentional crime "the insured" two levels of judgment in the judicial process is succeeded and results in common: the judge's judgment is derived from the parties (including the attorney) of the parties to the case facts and evidence reveals that the judge based on the judgment of referees and through the verdict of the cognitive degree and be able to confirm or deny.

机动车驾驶员（被保险人）由于醉酒驾车肇事而导致自己死亡，被保险人的继承人与保险公司之间发生的诉讼纠纷。案件分析时将保险实践、保险司法争议、保险法律解释交织，并以司法功能为导向进行。分析过程形成多维立体思维的四个逻辑面：学理推进逻辑面，司法推进逻辑面，证据事实推进逻辑面及三个逻辑面的思维连接逻辑面。具体过程为：萃取本案核心事实并获得首选方案、解读《保险法》第45条及其司法解释、以司法功能为导向检视学理推进过程、进行司法大数据分析、探查本案的其他解决路径。对“被保险人故意犯罪”的两个层次的论断在司法审判过程中是接续进行和结果共通的：法官的判断源自于当事人（包括当事人的代理律师）对案件事实、证据的揭示，法官在判断基础上进行的裁判又通过判决结果的当事人认知程度而得以确认或否定。

It seems impractical in the realm of international trade that the effectiveness of principle of law is higher than that of specific rule. In order to protect their interests, developed countries put rules representing their interests override the fundamental principles of international law in the practice of international trade. Raw material case is the one of cases concerning this matter. What reflects in this case is that the effectiveness of fundamental principles of international law, such as environment protection and sustainable development, is far lower than the trade rules when it refers to the conscience and behavior of trade protectionism. Therefore, based on principle regarding to relation of effectiveness between fundamental principles and trade rules, China and other developing countries should have an analysis of rules in force, and utilize the theory with regard to interpretation of international law and plea technique to protect our rightful interests to the most extent. Moreover, the most significant thing is that, we should make a proposal to modify the rules in force which are unfair and unjust based on fundamental principles of international law, as well as make our voice heard in the process of creating new rules.

“法律原则的效力高于具体规则” 这一基本法理在国际贸易领域中似乎行不通. 发达国家在国际 贸易实务中常将代表其利益的规则凌驾于国际法基本原则之上, 以保护其利益. “中国---与原材料 出口相关措施案” 即为一例；该案折射出 “环境保护和可持续发展”等国际法基本原则在贸易保护 主义者的意识及行为中远不及贸易规则有效. 为此, 中国等发展中国家应根据国际法基本原则与贸 易规则效力关系原理, 对现行规则进行分析, 利用国际法解释理论和辩诉技巧寻找突破口, 以最大 程度维护自身正当利益；当然,更为重要的是, 应根据国际法基本原则, 对现有规则的不合理、不 公平之处提出修改, 并在创制新规则中发出自己的声音.

본 연구는 박물관 · 도서관 · 아카이브의 대표적 협력기구인 영국 MLA의 조직적 특성과 활동을 분석했다. 특히, 문화유산기구의 활동과 사회적 통합이라는 정부정책의 연관성을 제시하고자 했다. 더불어 국가차원의 문화협력기구 설립이 아카이브 영역에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지를 중점적으로 설명하고자 했다. MLA 사례는 미미한 단계인 국내 문화유산기구 간 협력모색을 위한 중요한 시사점을 제공해 주리라 기대한다.

This study analyzes institutional characteristics and activities of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council. In particular, the study provides cultural heritage institutions with policy strategies for social inclusion. Futhermore, it discusses how the establishment of a nation-level cultural collaborative body impacts on an archival areas in depth. The case study of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council is expected to be an important reference for building a cooperative cultural heritage institution model in South Korea.

Inflammation is one mechanism through which cancer is initiated and progresses, and is implicated in the etiology of other conditions that affect cancer risk and prognosis, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and visceral obesity. Emerging human evidence, primarily epidemiological, suggests that walnuts impact risk of these chronic diseases via inflammation. The published literature documents associations between walnut consumption and reduced risk of cancer, and mortality from cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, particularly within the context of the Mediterranean Diet. While encouraging, follow-up in human intervention trials is needed to better elucidate any potential cancer prevention effect of walnuts, per se. In humans, the far-reaching positive effects of a plant-based diet that includes walnuts may be the most critical message for the public. Indeed, appropriate translation of nutrition research is essential for facilitating healthful consumer dietary behavior. This paper will explore the translation and application of human evidence regarding connections with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation to the development of dietary guidance for the public and individualized dietary advice. Strategies for encouraging dietary patterns that may reduce cancer risk will be explored.

In an increasingly high-tech world, human resource management (HRM) has to keep abreast of these changes. In the advanced countries, governments and industry have long since adopted e-HRM, in order to meet global challenges. In handling this exponential growth of data, the CSC has decided to move away from its current paper-centric personnel management system and to replace this by the PPSS. This electronic system manages a full range of personnel related processes and is in the final stage of deployment across the Korean central government agencies. In doing so, it has achieved for itself a high scoring, in terms of perceived benefit. Its rollout to other government agencies (that include local government, the National Assembly, the National Election Commission and the Constitutional Court of Korea) is now fully supported. HR management by the PPSS replaces current manual processes, with its inherent paper dependency, by a system that now offers strategic planning potential and affording its users core access at any time and from multiple work-stations. This paper lists factors that help towards a successful implementation. It highlights the lessons learned by a detailed analysis of a case study for a typical installation. The paper also addresses the expectations for potential users, at all levels of operation. As with all electronic and digital systems, the essential security requirements are discussed, and its role in building the trust and confidence in its routine use.

Climate change is impacting and will increasingly impact both the quantity and quality of the world's water resources in a variety of ways. In some areas warming climate results in increased rainfall, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge while in others there may be declines in all of these. Water quality is described by a number of variables. Some are directly impacted by climate change. Temperature is an obvious example. Notably, increased atmospheric concentrations of $CO_2$ triggering climate change increase the $CO_2$ dissolving into water. This has manifold consequences including decreased pH and increased alkalinity, with resultant increases in dissolved concentrations of the minerals in geologic materials contacted by such water. Climate change is also expected to increase the number and intensity of extreme climate events, with related hydrologic changes. A simple framework has been developed in New Zealand for assessing and predicting climate change impacts on water resources. Assessment is largely based on trend analysis of historic data using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall method. Trend analysis requires long-term, regular monitoring data for both climate and hydrologic variables. Data quality is of primary importance and data gaps must be avoided. Quantitative prediction of climate change impacts on the quantity of water resources can be accomplished by computer modelling. This requires the serial coupling of various models. For example, regional downscaling of results from a world-wide general circulation model (GCM) can be used to forecast temperatures and precipitation for various emissions scenarios in specific catchments. Mechanistic or artificial intelligence modelling can then be used with these inputs to simulate climate change impacts over time, such as changes in streamflow, groundwater-surface water interactions, and changes in groundwater levels. The Waimea Plains catchment in New Zealand was selected for a test application of these assessment and prediction methods. This catchment is predicted to undergo relatively minor impacts due to climate change. All available climate and hydrologic databases were obtained and analyzed. These included climate (temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and sunshine hours, evapotranspiration, humidity, and cloud cover) and hydrologic (streamflow and quality and groundwater levels and quality) records. Results varied but there were indications of atmospheric temperature increasing, rainfall decreasing, streamflow decreasing, and groundwater level decreasing trends. Artificial intelligence modelling was applied to predict water usage, rainfall recharge of groundwater, and upstream flow for two regionally downscaled climate change scenarios (A1B and A2). The AI methods used were multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with extended Kalman filtering (EKF), genetic programming (GP), and a dynamic neuro-fuzzy local modelling system (DNFLMS), respectively. These were then used as inputs to a mechanistic groundwater flow-surface water interaction model (MODFLOW). A DNFLMS was also used to simulate downstream flow and groundwater levels for comparison with MODFLOW outputs. MODFLOW and DNFLMS outputs were consistent. They indicated declines in streamflow on the order of 21 to 23% for MODFLOW and DNFLMS (A1B scenario), respectively, and 27% in both cases for the A2 scenario under severe drought conditions by 2058-2059, with little if any change in groundwater levels.

Great attention has been shown to participatory coastal management as a means for sustainable coastal tourism. In addition, access to information is a key prerequisite in order for successful participatory coastal management. The purpose of this article is to present the role of information in participatory coastal management. Arnstein’s model, ‘ladder of participation’ and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) are employed to support the arguments. The results indicate that there are still challenges such as (1) the difficulty of coastal research, (2) poor awareness of interdisciplinary approach, and (3) the lack of information delivery system during the periods of information access. Geography has focused on integrated approaches regarding coastal areas with advanced information systems. In particular, web-based public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) can play central role in delivering coast-related information for successful participatory coastal management. This study demonstrates one such application of web-based PPGIS with a case example of Wisconsin Coastal Management Program (WCMP).

This paper deals with one historical case in the Church's history of the 18th century. It attempts, first of all, to search over the conflict and the process of reconciliation between John Wesley and George Whitefield in England. In the spiritual realms, many church leaders meet some crisis along with theological attacks and defenses regarding the Arminian basis and Calvinistic basis for Salvation of men in terms of predestination of God. For this particular situation, this paper will guide them to walk in a right way for the glory of God. Their efforts to be one in the Lord would be a big challenge to our modern Christian societies of the world. As this paper shows, theological unity in different groups is impossible, but towards a non-Christian society and nation, Christians should work together and show the love of God to opposite parties. The cause of every conflict is related often to more personal characters even in some theological divisions. The foundation of reconciliation however is not for human rights or humanistic love and good works, but by the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. It does provide certain encouragements to sustain the struggle we face daily for reconciliation, even if there are permanent scars.