Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 정신병리를 겪고 있는 정신건강의학과 환자들의 정서 지능의 특징을 능력 모델에 근거 하여 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 2가지 대별되는 정서 지능 측정치 즉, 수행기반 검사와 자기보고식 검사 결과를 비교했다. 자기보고가 가능한 환자들 중 정신증 유무로 구분(각 30명, 32명)하여 전체 지능지수에 유의한 차이가 없음을 확인한 후, 두 집단의 정서 교양 검사(수행기반)와 특성 메타-기분 척도(자기보고식) 점수를 독립 표본 t-test로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 정신증적 집단이 비-정신증적 집단에 비해 수행기반 정서 지능 측정치가 통계적으 로 유의하게 낮은 반면, 자기보고를 통해 측정된 정서 지능 측정치는 반대 양상을 보였다. 이와 같은 불일치는 정서 지능 측정방식의 차이에서 기인하는 것으로, 정신병리를 겪는 환자들의 정서지능을 평가할 경우에는 수행기반 검사 와 자기보고식 검사의 융합적 사용이 중요함을 시사한다.

The purpose of the present study was to explore the features of Emotional Intelligence(EI) in psychiatric patients in terms of the ability model. EI scores of patients, measured by performance-based test and self-report inventory, was compared. The scores of performance-based test(Emotional Literacy Test) and self-report inventory(Trait Meta-Mmood Scale) of patients(30 with psychotic symptoms, 32 without psychotic symptoms) who had a appropriate literacy were analyzed by means of independent t-test. There was a no significant difference of IQ between two groups. Our results indicated that psychotic group had significantly lower EI in performance-based test than non-psychotic group. In contrast, non-psychotic group showed lower EI in self-report inventory than psychotic group. This inconsistent results might be attributable to the differences in method of measurement. Thus, these results suggested that it may be important to adopt a convergent using of both performance-based test and self-report inventory while assessing EI of patients with psychopathology.

이 연구는 체육지도자의 자격개편에 따른 역량모델 평가지표에 대한 모형의 적용성 검증을 목적으로 수행되었 다. 이에 체육지도자 육성과 관련된 전문가 집단을 대상으로 심층면담 기법을 이용하여 체육지도자의 지도역량모델 개 발을 위해 기 개발된 내용을 토대로 상대적 우선순위를 선정하였고, 이에 대한 적용성을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 체육학전공교수 9명, 역량교육전문가 9명, 체육지도자 현장전문가 9명 총 27명을 유목적 표집(purposeful sampling) 하였다. 이러한 연구방법을 통한 결과는 다음과 같이 수렴되었다. 첫째, 체육지도자의 지도역량 평가모델 개발을 위한 전제조건으로 지도자전문성, 지도신념, 자기조절, 사회적 관계 역량으로 선정되었고, 그 중 평가항목의 우선순위는 대 인관계, 개인관리, 수업능력, 감정조절, 팀 리더십, 목표의식, 자신감, 건강관련 지식, 체육 전반적 지식, 가치관순으로 위치화 되었다. 둘째, 체육지도자의 지도역량 평가모델 개발을 통한 적용성 검증에서는 4개요인 총 33개 항목이 통계적 수준에서 유의한 것으로 나타나 그 적용 검증성이 확인 되었다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the applicability of the model to the competency model evaluation index according to qualification reform of physical Physical Instructor. In this study, we used the in - depth interview technique for the professional group related to physical education teacher training, and selected the relative priority based on the contents developed for the physical education instructor 's competency model. The purpose of this study was a purposeful sampling of 9 students of physical education major, 9 of competency education specialists, and 9 of field instructors. The results of these research methods converge as follows. First, as a precondition for the development of the competency evaluation model of physical education leader, it was selected as leader professionalism, guidance belief, self control, social relation competence. Among them, priority of evaluation item is interpersonal relationship, personal management, , Team leadership, goal consciousness, self - confidence, health related knowledge, physical education overall knowledge, value. Second, in the verification of applicability through the development of the competency evaluation model of physical education instructors, 33 items, which are 4 outlines, were significant at the statistical level and the applicability was verified.

Coordination plays a critical role in basketball training, significantly influencing athletes' performance in actual games. To enhance the overall technical and tactical application level of Liaoning Petrochemical University women's basketball players, this study investigates the evaluation of training coordination. Because traditional backpropagation (BP) neural network evaluation methods exhibit low accuracy, a radial base function (RBF) evaluation prediction model based on cooperative game theory is proposed. An evaluation index system for the training coordination of women's basketball players is established to calculate the weights of each index and rank their importance, and the RBF neural network is utilized for evaluation and prediction. Using actual training data from the university's female basketball players, the study analyzes balance, reaction ability, agility, and processing speed during training. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves considerable accuracy, validating its effectiveness. This provides a robust technical tool for real-time monitoring of training outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to construct and test the structural relationships between self efficacy and clinical performance among undergraduate nursing students. The model was based on Bandura’s self efficacy theory and a review of previous studies. The hypothesized model included emotional intelligence as a personal factor, self efficacy as self efficacy beliefs, problem solving ability as a skill, and clinical performance as a performance. Methods: Data were collected from June 23 to August 11, 2014 using structured questionnaires. The study sample was 205 senior nursing students. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. Results: The hypothesized model was shown to be x²=183.186 (dF=118), Goodness-of- Fit Index (GFI)=.91, Normed Fit Index (NFI)=.91, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=.96, and Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=.05. Self efficacy (β=.29 p=.033) and problem solving ability (β=.42 p=.007) had a direct effect on the clinical performance. Furthermore, self efficacy had mediating effect on the relationship between emotional intelligence and clinical performance. Conclusion: These findings provide that when developing nursing curriculum and intervention programs, self efficacy and problem solving ability should be considered as key factors facilitating the clinical performance of nursing students. Moreover, consideration should be given to the indirect effects of emotional intelligence subscales on clinical performance via self efficacy and problem solving ability.

The success of in vitro embryo production (IVP) demonstrates that it’s possible to bypass the oviduct throughout early development. However, several studies show that embryos developed in vivo are superior to embryos developed in vitro. Using an ex vivo model of porcine uterus is one of the strategies to investigate fertilization within the oviductal environment. During this study, in vitro matured porcine oocytes (MII) were fertilized with 7.5×107, 15×107 and 30×107 sperm cell for 20 min in porcine uterine ex vivo model. The oocytes were then flushed and performed in vitro culture (IVC) at 39°C for 168 hours under 5% O2, 5% CO2. MII oocytes used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) served as control-1. Before IVF, MII oocytes cultured in porcine uterine ex vivo model for 20 min served as control-2. Within the results, penetration rate, MPN formation, monospermy, polyspermy, and efficiency of fertilization had not shown significant difference between control-1 and control-2 group, respectively. However, penetration rate (treatments: 29.7±4.4, 34.3±3.2, 44.3±7.4 vs. 80.0±1.7), polyspermy (treatments: 5.7±5.7, 9.7±5.8, 8.0±4.0 vs. 33.7±9.5) and efficiency of fertilization (treatments: 23.7±2.3, 29.0±3.6, 35.0±4.6 vs. 43.0±5.8) were significantly decreased in treatment groups compared to control-1 (p<0.05). GSH accumulated levels were significantly decreased in 30×107 sperm cell treated group compared to control-1 (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference in ROS accumulated levels among the groups. For embryo development, the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate had not shown significant difference between control-1 and control-2 group. However, the cleavage rate (treatments: 16.3±2.6, 20.1±2.7, 40.7±13.4 vs. 69.5±6.3, 74.2±3.4) was significantly decreased in treatment groups compared to control-1 and control-2 (p<0.05). And the cleavage rate in the treatment group of 30×107 (40.7±13.4) was significantly higher than the treatment group of 7.5×107 (16.3±2.6) (p<0.05). The blastocyst rate (treatments: 31.7±4.0, 25.7±4.0, 26.7±6.5 vs. 7.2±2.4, 9.9±3.0) was significantly increased in control-1, control-2 and the treatment group of 30×107 compared to 7.5×107 and 15×107 (p<0.05). Therefore, these results suggest that ex vivo model may decrease the penetration rate and efficiency of fertilization by reducing GSH accumulated levels. Cleavage rate and blastocyst rate can be promoted by increasing sperm number during ex vivo fertilization.

The purpose of this study is to analyze College Scholastic Ability Test items based on the Rasch Model, identify items that do not fit, and describe difficulty levels compared to student levels. Winsteps software, which allows users to analyze dichotomous data for investigating problems that are inherent in test items, is used for statistical analysis. The findings of this study reveal that 7 out of 28 items do not follow the assumptions of the Rasch Model. The analysis of item difficulty and item map shows that most of the 387 subjects are unable to answer some item types appropriately due to ambiguous distractors that affect item validity. Given the presence of misfit items and items of extreme levels of difficulty, suggestions for eliminating ambiguity, improving readability, and maintaining the degree of difficulty in designing reading test items are made.

Translation project outcomes are affected by many factors. Hence, this study explored the impact of risk management ability of translators on translation project outcomes in China. In the study, we took risk management ability of translators in translation projects as the research objective and collected research data through an online questionnaire to establish a structural equation model. Based on these data in the model, we analyzed impacts of translators’ risk management ability on translation project outcomes. Evidently, risks in project planning during translation as well as proofreading and typesetting after translation affect the delivery and remuneration of translation. The study can help translators correctly recognize and manage the risks in translation practices, increase the success rate of translation projects and further promote the sound development of language services.

중국 경제는 지난 30년간 평균 10% 가까이 성장했으며 세계에서 두 번째로 큰 경제 대국으로 성장했으 며 미국 경제에서 가장 큰 경제를 추월할 것으로 예상된다. 생산성 향상은 매우 빨라졌으며 매우 높은 수준의 투자로 용량이 확장되었으며 상업 은행 부문 또한 급속도로 성장했으며 다양화 되었다. 중국 은행 시스템은 1978년 개혁이 시작된 이래로 단일 중앙은행 시스템에서 네 가지국유은행의 시스템으로 발전했 으며, 1990 년대 이후 수십 개의 은행이 있는 다른 시스템으로 변형되어 수백 가지 유형의 은행이 있는 시스템으로 분화되었다. 은행들은 중국 금융 시스템을 지배하며 민간 부문에 총 신용의 약 3/5를 제공한 다. 그리고 중국 은행 시스템은 상당히 집중되어 있으며 5개 은행이 총 대출 시장의 거의 절반을 나눠 쓴다. 많은 경제학자들은 중국의 금융 시스템이 외국의 상업보다 중국의 확장을 촉진하는 데 더 중요한 역할 을 한다고 판단한다. 서구 시스템보다 중국의 금융 시스템에 대한 이해가 훨씬 적다. 금융 변화의 규제, 구조 및 운영에 따라 매우 불투명 하고 분석하기가 더 어려워 졌다. 그러나 많은 연구자들은 금융 시스템 이 중국의 빠른 경제 발전의 주된 취약성이 될 수 있다. 동등한 입장의 관점에서는 금융 시스템이 중국의 보다 발전된 국제 지위에 효과적으로 적응하고 있다. 우리는 은행 산업의 핵심 지표(이익 창출 능력, 위험 상태 및 신용 여건)와 부동산 시장 간에 안정적이 고 단기적이고 장기적인 관계가 존재함을 제안한다. 다른 방향으로 나아가는 것보다 영향의 방향은 부동 산 시장에서 은행 업계로 향하는 것이 더 커다. 또한 은행 산업은 주로 다양한 방식을 통해 공급과 수요 중심으로 나타난다. 따라서 재정 정책, 통화 정책, 재정 정책, 구조 조정, 은행의 건전성 규제 등은 다른 연구 목적과는 달리 은행 부문의 변동에 대한 부동산 시장의 위험 통제를 막을 수 있다.

China's economy has averaged close to 10 percent over the past three decades and has grown to be the second largest economy in the world and is expected to surpass the biggest economic, the United States. Productivity growth has been rapid and capacity has been expanded by very high levels of investment. The commercial banking sector has also grown rapidly and become diversified. The chinese banking system has progressed from a one bank system to a four bank system in state banking since the start of reforms in 1978, and then transformed into another system with dozens of banks since the 1990s to a system with hundreds of different types of banks. The banks dominate the Chinese financial system, providing about three fifths of total credit to the private sector. And the chinese banking system is fairly concentrated, with five banks splitting almost half the total loan market . Many economists believe that the financial system of China plays a more critical role in fueling expansion in China than foreign commerce does. There is far less understanding of China's financial system than western systems and it has proven harder to analyze since it is highly opaque, evolving rapidly as the regulation, structure, and operation of finance changes. But many researchers who study it believe the financial system may be the main vulnerability for fast economic development in china. An equally respected position is that the financial system is adapting effectively to China's more developed international status. We suggest the existence of a stable, short and long-run relationship between key indicators of banking industry (Profit-Making Ability, Risk Status and Credit Quality) and property market. The direction of influence goes from property market to banking industry rather than the other way around. Furthermore, banking industry appears to be mainly supply and demand-driven through different ways. Thus, the fiscal policy, monetary policy, financial policy, structural adjustment, and prudential regulation by banks can guard against risk control of the property market to banking sector swings, unlike that of other research objectives.

연구목적: 본 연구는 장애인의 고용 역량에 대한 숙달확률을 살펴보고, 지체장애와 지적장애 집단의 숙달 프로파일에 차이가 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 이를 위해 장애인 5,000명을 대상으로 실시된 <장애인 고용서비스 다양성 검사> 결과를 인지진단모형인 Fusion 모형으로분석하였다. 인지진단모형의 분석을 위해 총 38개의 검사문항에 대해 전문가 5인의 검토를 받아상황이해, 실행하기, 자기이해, 자기결정, 대인관계, 적절한 행동, 의사소통, 인지 등의 8가지 고용 역량 요소를 추출하였다. 이어서 Fusion 모형의 문항모수를 활용하여 Q행렬을 타당화하였으며, 이후 고용 역량 숙달확률과 프로파일을 살펴보았다. 연구결과: 성별에 따른 숙달확률은 ‘적절한 행동’과 ‘인지’에서 유의하게 차이를 보였으며, 장애정도와 취업여부에 따른 숙달확률은 8개역량요소 모두에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 지체장애인과 지적장애인의 숙달 프로파일을 비교한결과, 지체장애인은 ‘자기이해’ 영역이 부재한 형태가 나타났으며, 지적장애인은 ‘상황이해’, ‘자기결정’, ‘대인관계’, ‘인지’ 영역이 미 숙달된 것으로 나타났다. 논의 및 제언: 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 장애인의 성별, 장애정도, 취업 여부, 장애유형에 따른 맞춤형 고용 지원서비스에 대해논의하였다.

Purpose: This study aims to figure out the proficiency ratio of employment ability of the disabled and then find out if there is any difference in the mastery profile of physically disabled groups and intellectual-disabled groups. Method: By exploring these, we conducted the Employment Service Diversity Test for People with Disabilities(2020) on 5,000 people with disabilities and analyzed the results with a Fusion model, which is one of the cognitive diagnostic models. A total of 38 questions were reviewed by five experts and extracted by eight competency components: contextual understanding, practical action, self-understanding, self-determination, interpersonal relationships, appropriate behavior, communication, and cognition. Then Q matrix was justified by using item parameters of Fusion model. After that, we examined the mastery ratio and profile. Results: According to gender, the ratio of mastery showed significant differences in behavior and cognition. The ratio of mastery according to the severity of disability was significant in all eight ability factors. According to comparing mastery profiles of people with physical disabilities and intellectual disabilities, disabled groups had a lack of self-understanding whereas intellectual-disabled had lacks in contextual understanding, self-determination, interpersonal relationships, and cognition. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, individualized employment support services according to gender, degree of disability, employment status, and type of disability were discussed.

7차교육과정에서의 초등 컴퓨터교육은 재량활동시간 또는 특별활동시간에 단순한 응용프로 그램(워드프로세서, 엑셀, 파워포인트 등)을 활용하거나 인터넷을 이용한 정보검색 수준이다. 따라서, 문제해결 능력이나 논리적 사고력을 향상시키는데는 미흡하다. 인지능력이 뛰어난 초등학교 5, 6학년에는 이러한 컴퓨터 활용방법 교육보다 컴퓨터 기초원리 또는 프로그래밍 교육이 필요하다. 본 논문은 프로그래밍교육을 재량․특별활동 시간에 학년별(5, 6학년) 또는 통합학년으로 학습할 수 있게 프로그래밍교육과정 60차시 분을 개발하여 제안하였다. 개발한 교육과정은 교수 및․학습자의 요구사항을 최대한 반영하기 위해 설문조사 등을 통해 얻은 기초자료를 참조하였다. 제안한 교육과정이 초등학교 5, 6학년에 적합하고 우수한지를 검토하기 위해 일부 차시의 교육과정으로 5, 6학년을 대상으로 재량활동시간에 직접 교수․ 학습한 후 자기평가, 설문조 사를 실시하였다. 결과로 제안한 교육과정이 적합성과 우수성이 있다고 판단되었다.

야구는 “타점”을 해주는 타자가 있어야 주자가 “득점”을 할 수 있고, 타순별로 균등하게 공격 기회를 부여받는다는 특 징이 있다. 이러한 특징은 공격이 우수한 선수에게 공격 기회를 집중시킬 수 없다는 것을 의미하는데, 그렇기 때문 에 선수 구성이 특히 중요한 종목이다. 본 연구에서는 이 선수 구성 정보가 팀 득점 예측력을 높이는 데에 유용하게 사용될 수 있는지를 확인해 보았다. 타율(AVG), 출루율(OBP), 장타율(SLG), OPS(On-Base Plus Slugging), wOBA(Weighted On Base Average), wRC+(Weighted Runs Created) 등의 개인별 평가지표를 기준으로 선수들에게 각각의 평가지표별 등급을 부여하고, 이 등급별 선수 분포 정보를 팀 득점 예측에 사용하였다. 실험 결 과, 등급별 선수 분포 정보를 팀 공격력 통계와 함께 사용하여 팀 득점을 예측하면, 팀 통계만을 사용하여 예측하는 것보다 더 정확하게 팀 득점을 예측하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법은, 각 통계 항목별로 어떤 등급의 선수들이 몇 명씩 있는지 까지를 고려하여 팀 득점을 예측하는 방법이므로, 예측력을 높여줄 뿐만 아니라, 팀 통계가 비슷한 팀들 사이에서 팀 득점에 대한 우열을 예측하고자 할 때 유용하게 사용할 수 있다.

Baseball is a sport in which a runner can get “Runs” only when there is a batter who raises an RBI. And since each batter receives equal opportunities to bat, it is impossible to funnel more offensive opportunities into a standout player. Therefore, player composition is particularly important. In this study, we checked whether the batter composition information could be usefully used to predict team runs more accurately. Players were given a grade for each evaluation index based on individual evaluation indicators. Such as batting average(AVG), on-base percentage(OBP), slugging percentage(SLG), OPS(On-Base Plus Slugging), wOBA(weighted On Base Average), wRC+(Weighted Runs Created), and the player distribution information for each grade was used to predict team runs. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the team runs were predicted more accurately if we used the player distribution information by grade with team's batting statistics than used only team's batting statistics. The method proposed in this study considers the number of players in each grade to predict the team's scoring ability. So it is useful not only in improving prediction accuracy but also in predicting the level of the team's scoring ability hierarchically among teams with similar statistic values.

The purpose of this study was to develop a statistical model of predicting item difficulty of the English reading test of College Scholastic Ability Test(CSAT). At the initial phase, the study investigated variables that were significantly correlated to item difficulty of English reading test. Using the correlated variables an instrument was designed to gather the data on item difficulty of each item of the English reading tests of 2002 and 2003 CSAT. Correlation analysis was done to get models which could predict item difficulty of the tests. To validate the results of the analysis, the models were applied to the September Tests of 2003 and 2004 CSAT. It was found that the 2003 linear regression equation model showed the acceptable level of stability and predictability. The study also revealed that statistically significant predictors were grammar, inference and options. It was also found that the proportion of variance accounted by the predictors was different. Some implications for CSAT design and further research were drawn from the findings.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of applying jigsaw cooperative learning to basic nursing practicums on self-directed learning ability, self-efficacy, and learning outcomes. Methods: This study was based on a non-equivalent control group design, and the subjects were nursing students. The study allocated 30 people in the experimental group and 30 people in the control group, and jigsaw cooperative learning was applied to the experimental group for 2 hours every week for a total of 8 weeks. The traditional educational method was applied to the control group. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS v26.0. Results: The experimental group to which jigsaw cooperative learning was applied showed statistically significant differences in self-directed learning ability (F=4.49, p=.038), self-efficacy (F=6.15, p=.016), and learning outcomes (F=19.48, p<.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: By applying jigsaw cooperative learning to basic nursing practicums, this study confirmed its effect not only on the effective domain such as self-directed learning ability and self-efficacy, but also on learning outcomes in the practical domain. We propose future studies apply jigsaw cooperative learning to various practice classes to achieve learning outcomes that focus on cultivating students' practical capabilities.

Purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of simulation training with a hybrid model of student nurses’performance ability and reported self confidence. Methods: A nonequivalent control group with pre-posttest was designed. Data collection was done during the first semester in 2012 at a college of nursing in Seoul. Nursing performance ability and reported self confidence related to taking care of patients with urinary problems were evaluated. The treatment group (n=96) received simulation training of a catheterization procedure with a hybrid model involving standardized patients and a mannequin. Nursing students in the comparison group (n=84) did not receive the simulation training but would receive it prior to their next clinical practicum’s. Results: The treatment group showed a significantly higher performance ability and reported self confidence than that of the comparison group. The perceived helpfulness and contentment of the simulation training in experimental group was high. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that simulation with a hybrid model was effective in teaching skills prior to the clinical experience which suggests that skill development is not dependent on the actual clinical situation. Nurse educators should consider simulation training as a tool beyond that of clinical practicum.

본 연구는 기업의 인적자원개발활동으로써 교수설계를 기업의 학습능력개발이라는 관점에서 재규정하고, 전통적 교수설계의 공통한계를 드러냄으로써 기업교육을 위한 통합적 교수설계모형의 가능성을 탐색하기 위한 문헌연구이다. 본 연구의 결과로 제시하는 통합적 교수설계모형은 첫째, 교수조건의 측면에서 기업성과와 관련된 ‘문제발굴’, 문제해결을 위한 조직의 ‘환경적 지원’과 ‘심리적 동기부여’, 문제해결에 요구되는 ‘조직의 지식과 개별적 지식축적 및 공유활동’의 활성화수준을 개인, 팀, 조직의 선수학습능력으로 전제하였다. 둘째, 교수결과의 측면에서는 조직의 문제목표를 러닝→어플라잉→가이딩→쉐이핑의 네 단계로, 이를 위해 지원되어야 하는 업무환경 목표를 업무자원의 지원/업무목표/유무형의인센티브/업무결과에 대한 피드백의 네 가지 유형으로, 문제해결에 요구되는 개인의 동기목표를 주의집중, 관련성, 자신감, 만족감의 네 가지유형으로, 지식목표를 지식→이해→활용→발견의 네단계의 내면화 수준으로 상정하고, 이를 통합한 목표분류체계를 제시하였다. 셋째, 교수방법의 측면에서는 교육적 처방과 비교육적 처방이 조화를 이루는 거시전략과 미시전략으로 구분하고, 학습의 방향성을 처방하는 거시전략과 학습내용과 학습참여의 두가지 수준을 중심으로 문제해결, 환경지원, 지식구성, 동기부여의 세부내용을 처방하는 미시전략을 제시하였다.

This study aims to reposition instructional design, one of the human resources development practices, from the viewpoint of developing corporate learning capabilities, and explore the possibilities of developing integrated instructional design model for corporate education by exposing common limitations of traditional instructional design models. The integrated instructional design model, suggested in this study, firstly that instructional condition is based on the premise of the prerequisite learning capabilities of individuals, group, and organization as the levels of activities of problem finding related to the organizational performance, work environment support and affective motivation in problem solving, and knowledge accumulation and share of organization and its people. Secondly, in the aspect of instructional outcome, it suggests integrated taxonomy of objectives which presupposes four kinds of objectives of organizational problem solving objectives in four stages of learning, applying, guiding, and shaping, working environment support objectives in four types of task support, expectation, tangible and intangible incentives, and operational feedback, motivation objectives in four types of attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction, and knowledge objectives in four levels of internalization of knowledge, comprehension, application, and creation. Thirdly, in the aspect of instructional method, it propounds the balance of educational and non-educational prescription in twocategories of macro strategies of learning direction based on objectives of fostering practitioners, and of micro strategies of components of problem solving, working environment support, knowledge construction, and motivation in details, in the matrix of two levels of learning contents and learning participation.

사람들은 프라이버시 침해에 대해 우려하면서도, 소셜 미디어를 통한 개인정보 공개 에 대해서는 적극적이다. 이를 ‘프라이버시 패러독스’ 현상으로 이해하고 연구가 진행되 고 있다. 이 연구에서는 프라이버시 패러독스 현상이 어떻게 진행되고 있는지를 실증적 으로 알아보고자 <한국미디어패널조사>의 3차년 간 데이터를 활용해 잠재성장 모델링 을 통한 종단 분석을 시도했다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 프라이버시 침해 우려와 소셜 미디어 를 통한 개인정보 제공은 모두 매해 감소하는 경향성을 보였다. 둘째, 소셜 미디어를 통 한 개인정보 제공이 통제되면 프라이버시 침해 우려가 다소 낮아지는 것을 통해 개인정 보 제공이 프라이버시 침해 우려를 높이는 요인임을 확인했다. 셋째, 미디어 기기 활용 능력이 성장하지 않는다면 프라이버시 침해 우려 수준이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 처음 시점에서의 프라이버시 침해 우려가 미디어 활용 능력 성장에 영향을 미치 고, 미디어 활용 능력의 성장이 소셜 미디어를 통한 개인정보 제공의 성장에 영향을 미 치는 잠재성장모형의 매개적 효과가 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 프라이버시 패러독스 현 상을 어느 정도 이해할 수 있었는데, 탐색적 연구로서 투입한 미디어 기기 활용 능력이 두 개 변수 간에 매개적 역할과 조절 변수로 작용함을 알 수 있었다.

People are concerned about invasion of privacy, but they are active about disclosing personal information through social media. This is understood as a ‘privacy paradox’ phenomenon and research is being conducted. In this study, in order to empirically find out how the privacy paradox phenomenon is progressing, a longitudinal analysis was attempted through latent growth modeling using the three-year data of the <Korea Media Panel Survey>. As a result of the analysis, first, both concerns for privacy infringement and provision of personal information through social media tended to decrease every year. Second, it was confirmed that the provision of personal information is a factor that increases the concern for privacy infringement, as concern for the privacy infringement are somewhat lowered when the provision of personal information through social media is controlled. Third, it was found that if the ability to use media devices does not grow, the level of the concern for privacy infringement increases. Fourth, the mediating effect of the latent growth model was found, in which concern for the privacy infringement at the beginning affect the growth of the ability to use media devices, and the growth of the ability to use media devices affects the growth of the provision of personal information through social media. Through this study, I was able to understand the privacy paradox phenomenon, and it was found that the ability to use media devices, which was input as an exploratory study, acted as a mediating and moderating variable between the two variables.