Earticle

The colored sweet potato, particularly purple sweet potato, has been well known to contain anthocyanins abundantly. This study was conducted to examine the antioxidant properties of purple sweet potato. The chopped purple sweet potato was extracted 2 times with water or acetone for 18 hours at . The antioxidative potential of each solvent extract was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay, FRAP assay, and total phenolic contents. The results showed that both extracts had not only high DPPH free radical scavenging activity but had high level of total phenolic compounds. Furthermore, both solvent extracts were found to have antioxidative effects in human colon cancer cells (HCT 116, HT 29) in DCFDA assay. The notable antioxidant activity of purple sweet potato suggests its significant health benefit and deserves further study to develop into functional food ingredient.

This experiment was conducted to determine the amount of asparagine content in soybean sprout soup as well as its effect on the regulation of blood alcohol concentration in human body. Asparagine content and alcohol concentration in blood were analyzed using the amino-acid analyzer and alcohol tester, respectively. Asparagine content in soybean sprout soup was highly significantly different among sprout soups sampled from different restaurants, although the boiling time and amount of sprout used were different among the samples. Significantly higher asparagine content was observed in soups with higher amounts of sprouts (2.81% in 500 grams of sprout) and 10 minutes after boiling with other solid ingredients in the soup. Lower concentration of alcohol in blood was recorded in persons with higher body weight. The asparagine+soybean extract (eaten immediately after drink) lowered the blood alcohol concentration significantly followed by only asparagine and control. The blood alcohol concentration after drinking become zero earlier (by 30 minutes), when asparagine+soybean extract or only asparagine was consumed as compared to control.

새로운 유전자원을 창출하기 위해 풍산나물콩에 EMS를 처리한 후 돌연변이 집단을 육성하고, 돌연변이 계통 중 지방산 함량에 대한 변이체를 찾아 콩 유전육종 재료를 선발하고자 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.M2 3,744개체중 형태적 변이를 보이는 1,000개체를 선발하여 M4 세대에서 난쟁이형 (3.3%), 엽형변이 (2.6%), 엽록소결핍 (1.5%), 꽃색변이 (1.1%), 엽형변이를 보이는 난쟁이형 (0.2%)의 변이가 관찰되었다. 야생형인 풍산나물콩의지방산 함량은 palmitic acid 11.6%, stearic acid 3.4%, oleicacid 25.3%, linoleic acid 52.0%, linolenic acid 8.1%를 나타내었다. M4 892 개체의 종자지방산 함량을 분석한 결과palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenicacid 함량은 각각 7.4~19.7%, 2.2~13.0%, 14.7~49.0%, 31.8~63.9%, 3.9~15.9%의 범위를 나타내었고, 10.8%, 3.8%25.3%, 52.0%, 8.1%의 평균을 보였다. 각각의 지방산 별로 선발된 돌연변이 개체들은 다음과 같다. 고 palmitic acid함량을 나타내는 PE1542 (17.1%), PE3058 (17.0%), 고 stearicacid 함량을 나타내는 PE977 (12.7%)와 저 stearic acid 함량을 나타내는 PE2166 (1.9%), 고 oleic acid 함량을 나타내는PE450 (44.4%), PE2742 (47.7%), PE3058 (33.4%), 저 linolenicacid 함량을 나타내는 PE594 (4.6%), PE1690 (3.7%)와 고linolenic acid 함량을 나타내는 PE2166 (12.6%) 등이 선발되었다.

Mutagenesis is used to study gene function and obtain new genetic resources for plant breeding. Soybean is an important oil crop in the world. Thus, to find new genetic resources, a mutation population was developed from the soybean cultivar Pungsannamul using 0.3% ethyl methane sulfonate. The variation of fatty acids was then evaluated among 892 M4 generation mutant lines selected from 3,774 mutant lines. While the wild type Pungsannamul showed 11.6, 3.4, 23.8, 53.3, and 7.8% for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid, respectively. the fatty acid variations in the mutant lines ranged from 7.4 to 19.7%, 2.2 to 13.0%, 14.7 to 49.0%, 31.8 to 63.9%, and 3.9 to 15.9% with an average of 10.8, 3.8, 25.3, 52.0, and 8.1% for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid, respectively. Thus, two mutation lines with higher plamitic acid, PE1542 (17.1%) and PE3058 (17.0%), one line with lower stearic acid, PE2166 (1.9%), one line with higher stearic acid, PE977 (12.7%), two lines with higher oleic acid, PE450 (44.4%) and PE2742 (47.7%), and two lines with lower linolenic acid, PE594 (4.6%) and PE1690 (3.7%), were selected from this study. The newly selected fatty acid variants will be good genetic sources for gene function analyses and breeding soybean varieties with altered fatty acids for various industrial and human food applications.

Ultraweak photons could be emitted from the chemical reaction without any electromagnetic radient. These chemiluminescence could be detected by highly sensible photomultiplier recently. We will introduce the principal of chemiluminescence generation reaction, and the application studies in the determination of food-borne microorganisms in field. The counts of surface contaminated microorganism in mackeral and chicken for cold storage determined by ATP-chemiluminescence method had good correlation with the counts by standard agar plate method. However, there was little correlation between 2 methods in ginseng powder whose microbial counts were lower than 10,000 CFU.

Rice culture in Korea has a long history ranging over two thousand years. In the agriculture economy of pre-mordern Korea, however, its importantce was not as great as generally assumed. In fact, rice culture reached full development only after the 1920s when the Japanese colonial government carried out its drive to increase rice production in the Korea peninsula. It was not until the mid-1930s that rice became the staple in Korean diet. This can be attributed to two factors : (1) a mountainous topography that provides little irrigated fields and (2) a climate characterized by droughts in spring and heavy precipitation in summer. The present paper attempts to answer some of these questions. Specifically it will focus on these : Did the development of rice culture actually result in population growth? What are the salient features of agricultural develdpment and population grow in traditional Korea? Does the case of Korea conform the prevailing generalization about the agriculture in East Asia? I have discussed the development of rice culture and population growth in the Chosn dynasty, focusing on the relation between the rapid spread of transplanting and the rapid growth of population from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. Here are my conclusions. (1) The spread of transplanting and other technological innovationsc contributed to the rapid growth of population in this period. However, we should also note that the impact of rice culture on population growth was rather limited, for rice culture was not the mainstay of agricultural economy in pre-modern Korea. Indeed we should consider the influence of dry field cropsn population growth. Nevertheless, it is obvious that the proliferation of rice culture was a factor crucial to population growth and regional concentration. (2) How should we characterize the spread of rice culture in the whole period? Evidently rice culture spread from less then 20% of cultivated fields in the fifteenth century to about 36% of them in the early twentieth century. Although rice as a single crop outweighed other crops, rice culture was more then counter-balanced by dry field crops as a whole, due to Korea's unique climate and geography. Thus what we have here in not a typical case of competition between rice culture and day field culture. Besides, the spread of rice culture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries accomplished by technological innovations that overcame severe springtime drought, rather than extensive irrigation. Althougt irrigarion facilities did proliferate to some extent, this was achieved by local landlords and peasants rather than the state. This fact contradicts the classical thesis that the productivity of rice culture increased through the state management of irrigation and that this in turn determined the type of society. (3) We should further study other aspects of the transition from the stable population and production struture in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries to the rapid population growth and excessive density of population thereafter. We should note that there were continuing efforts to reclaim the land in order to solve the severe shortage of land. Changes also took place in the agricultural production relations. The increase in land producrivity developed tenancy based on rent in kind, and this in turn increased the independence of tenants from their landlords. There were changes in family relations-such as the shift to primogeniture as an effort to prevent progressive division of property among multiplying offspring. The rapid population growth also produced a great mass of propertyless farm laborers. These changes had much to do with the disintegration of traditional social institutions and political structure toward the end of the Chosn dynasty.

이 시험은 국내에서 육성된 딸기 5품종에 대한 적정 착과수를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 화방 당 착과수를 4~5과, 7~9과 그리고 적과를 하지 않은 방임구를 비교한 결과, 적과를 함으로써 모든 품종의 평균 과중이 증가하였으며, 당도는 높아지고 산도는 낮아져 상품성이 향상되었다. 적 과 정도가 강할수록 화경장은 짧아지는 경향이었으나 잎 수, 엽병장, 관부직경 등은 차이가 없었다. 적과를 실시한 후 각 화방의 1번 과중을 조사한 결과, 설향과 매향 품종은 2화방에서부터 뚜렷이 과중이 커졌으며, 대왕과 싼타 품종 은 3화방의 1번 과중이 무거워졌다. 옥매 품종은 뚜렷한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 대왕과 매향은 화방 당 4~5과를 남기는 강한 적과를 하는 것이 방임구에 비해 각각 4.3% 및 6.6% 증수되었으며, 싼 타, 옥매, 설향 품종은 7~9과를 남기는 가벼운 적과를 하는 것이 방임구에 비해 각각 3.1, 3.5, 9.1% 증수되었다. 결과적 으로 각 품종의 개화습성에 맞게 착과 수를 조절함으로써 과실 품질을 향상시키고 수확량을 증대시킬 수 있었다.

The objective of this study was to find out the optimum number of fruiting per a flower cluster on 5 domestic strawberry cultivars (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.), ‘Daewang’, ‘Ssanta’, ‘Okmae’, ‘Seolhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’. Therefore, three ways of fruit thinning, 4~5 fruiting, 7~9 fruiting and all fruiting per a flower cluster were compared. After fruit thinning, the first fruit weights were increased from the second flower cluster on ‘Seolhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’, but from the third one on ‘Daewang’ and ‘Ssanta’. There was no difference in first fruit weight by the flower thinning ways on ‘Okmae’. The mean fruit weights of all the cultivars were increased and sugar contents also were increased, but acidities were decreased. The peduncle lengths were shortened by fruit thinning, but there was no difference in number of leaf, petiole length and crown diameter. Marketable yields by 4~5 fruiting per a flower cluster than all the fruit setting were higher 4.3% and 6.6% respectively on ‘Daewang’ and ‘Maehyang’. In contrast, the yields were higher 3.1%, 3.5% and 9.1% in 7~9 fruiting per a flower cluster than all fruiting on ‘Ssanta’, ‘Okmae’ and ‘Seolhyang’ respectively. As the result, we could improve the fruit quality and could increase marketable yield by fruit thinning with matching flowering characteristics of those strawberry cultivars.

The several enzymes reaction which involve the quality change of fresh vegetables, such as chlorophylase, polyphenol oxidase, lypoxygenase, C-S-lyase, myrosinase and enzymes related lignification were reviewed. Numerous enzyme reaction continuously proceeds to the deterioration of vegetables after harvest due to the respiration and biochemical metabolism reaction, especially in case of physical injuring. It is extremely important to inhibit and to control these enzyme reaction in order to maintain the organoleptic and nutritional quality of fresh vegetables.

활성화시킨 Succinylaminopropyl glass beads에 glutaraldehyde을 사용하여 고정화시킨 Mucor spp L42 응유효소를 치즈 커드 형성과정에 이용하고져 고정화 효소의 안정성, 재이용성, 반응의 조건, 반응조의 형태등에 대하여 탈지유(pH 5.6, )를 사용하여 반응시킨후 항온수조내에서 커드의 형성 상태를 조사하였던바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 고정화 Mucor spp L42 응유효소를 0.2M phosphate buffer(pH 4.6)에 0.06% sodium azide을 첨가한 액에 침지한 상태로 이하에서 보존할 경우 3개월 후에도 활력의 80%가 유지되었다. 2) 고정화 Mucor spp L42 응유효소를 탈지유(pH 5.6, )로 반응시켰을때 반응 초기에는 고정화 효소의 활력이 급격히 감소하였고, 이것은 bead에 결합되는 질소화합물과 효소의 활력간에 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 고정화 Mucor spp L42 응유효소에 bead와 탈지유의 접촉시간을 60 sec/ml로 하여 탈지유(pH 5.6, )로 연속적으로 반응시켰을때 6시간 이후에도 bead의 활력의 70%가 유지할 수 있었다. 4) Fluidized bed와 shaking fluidized bed을 사용하는 것이 충진반응조 보다 탈지유의 반응속도가 높았다.

In order to study of practical purpose of immobilized Mucor spp L42 milk clotting enzyme on activated succimylamino-propyl glass beads with glutaraldehyde in continuous curd coagulation, acidified milk(pH5.6, ) was treated through reactor packed with immobilized beads, and warmed at and allowed to coagulation for the determination of enzyme stability, deactivation of milk clotting ability by continuous reaction, the beads treatment conditions, and contact time of milk and beads in reactors. The results obtained were summarized as follow ; 1) After 3 month's storage, activity of immobilized Mucor spp L42 milk clotting enzyme in 0.2M phosphate buffer(pH 4.6) with 0.06% sodium azide was only 80% of initial activity. 2) Milk clotting activity of the beads was decreased by continuouse exposure on acidified skim milk. Nitrogen accumulation on the beads paralled loss of the activity in initial reaction stage. 3) After 6 hours continuous treatment of the beads at 60 sec/ml surface time, the milk-clotting activity of the beads was about 70% of initial activity. 4) Bead reactor and shaking bed reactor were more effective than column reactor on continuouse skim milk coagulation.

탈지 은행 종실 및 잎에서 유리페놀산, 에스터형 및 불용성 페놀산을 추출하여 식용 옥수수유 기질에서 항산화 효과를 비교하고자 0.02%(w/w)의 BHA, BHT와 각 추출물 (2% w/w)를 넣어 의 항온기에서 45일간 저장하면서 매 5일 간격으로 과산화물가, TBA가를 측정하여 다음과 같이 항산화 효과를 추정하였다. BHA, BHT와 은행 종실의 유리페놀산, 에스터형 및 활용성 페놀산, 잎의 유리페놀산, 에스터형 및 불용성 페놀산 추출물을 첨가한 시험구와 대조구의 45일 저장후 과산화물가는 각각 133, 52, 115, 190, 127, 95, 140, 121, 280meq/kg, oil이었다. 한편 같은 조건하에서 각 항산화성 물질의 TBA가는 0.153, 0.059, 0.175, 0.260, 0.187, 0.160, 0.1 74, 0.195 0.430이었다. G.C.로 분리 확인된 페놀산은 은행 종실 및 잎 공히 Vanillin, -Hydroxybenzoic acid, Syringic acid, Gallic acid, Protocatechuic acid가 확인되었고 은행 종실에서는 trans-Cinnamic acid, Caffeic acid가, 잎에서는 Coumaric acid, Gentisic acid, Phloroglucinol, Pyrogallol이 각각 확인되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 은행 종실 및 잎의 페놀산은 식용 옥수수유 기질에서 우수한 항산화 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

Free phenolic acid, esterified and insoluble phenolic acid extract were extracted from Ginkgo nuts and leaves. Antioxidative effectiveness was measured by Peroxide value and TBA value at each extract, control, 0.02%(w/w) BHA and BHT in corn oil, at and dark thermo static oven for 45 days. Laboratory tube was added by BHA, BHT, separated free phenolic acids, esterified and insoluble-bound phenolic acid extract of Ginkgo nuts and leaves 127, 95, 140, 121, 280 meq/kg, oil. On the other hand, at the same condition TBA values of each antioxidative matter were 0.430, 0.153, 0.059, 0.175, 0.260, 0.187, 0.160, 0.174, 0.195. This result remarkably appeared antioxidative effectiveness in corn oil substrate, -Hydroxybenzoic acid, Syringic acid, Gallic acid, Protocatechuic acid, Pyrogallol, Caffeic acid, Coumaric acid, trans-Cinnamic acid, Phloroglucinol.

Most soybean sprouts grown in factories are sold on the market. When the soybean sprouts grow up to lateral root initiation, the rate and absolute amount of asparagine in the roots of all sprouts are comparatively low. To extract the greatest amount of asparagine from soy-sprouts, it is advantageous to grow sprouts more than 16 days. When sprouts were grown with ozonic water, it was possible to grow sprouts more than 16 days without any rotting problems. The content of asparagine in the sprouts were proportionally increased up to 16 days. When sprouts were grown in 0.2% of urea, the content of asparagine in sprouts were significantly increased. Soybean sprouts grown at room temperature showed the highest yield rate and asparagine content, at the same time.