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수도(水稻) 주요(主要) 품종(品種)들의 분설상태(分薛狀態)에 따른 수도(水稻)의 생육변이(生育變異)와 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)의 변이양상(變異樣相)을 검토(檢討)하고 품종간(品種稈)의 반응(反應)을 비교(比較)하기 위해서 통일형(統一型) 품종(品種)인 삼강(三剛)벼와 칠성(七星)벼와 일본형(日本型) 품종(品種)인 낙동(洛東)벼와 팔공(八公)벼를 공시(供試)하여 pot당(當) 분설경수(分薛莖數)를 분설(分薛)되는 순서(順序)에 따라 1, 4, 7, 10 그리고 13개(個)씩 확보(確保)한 후(后) 출수후(出穗后) 20일(日)까지 과다분설경(過多分薛莖)을 인위적(人爲的)으로 제거(除去)하여 재배(裁培)한 후(后) 수량(收量) 및 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)를 조사(調査)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 분설경수(分薛莖數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 주당수량(株當收量)은 감소(減少)되었으나 총수량(總收量)은 증가(增加)되었고 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)인 등숙율(登熟率), 천립중(千粒重)은 수수(穗數)가 10개(個)일때 가장 높게 나타났으며 13개(個)일때는 품종(品種)에 상관(相關)없이 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었으며 분설경수(分薛莖數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 간장(稈長)은 낙동(洛東)벼, 칠성(七星)벼, 삼강(三剛)벼는 증가(增加)하였으나 팔공(八公)벼는 간장(稈長)의 변이(變異)에는 차이(差異)를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 분설경수(分薛莖數)에 따른 지엽(止葉)의 길이는 분설경수(分薛莖數)가 1개(個)일때 지엽(止葉)의 길이가 짧아졌다. 분설경수(分薛莖數)가 l개(個)일때에는 여러개(個)에 비(比)해 출수기(出數期)가 지연(遲延)되는 현상(現像)을 나타내었지만 분설경수(分薛莖數)가 4개이상(個以上)일때는 출수기(出穗期)의 차이(差異)를 뚜렷하게 볼 수가 없었다. 한편 출수소요기간(出穗所要期間)은 품종간(品種間)의 차이(差異)는 뚜렷하였지만 분설경수(分薛莖數)에 의(依)한 변이(變異)를 나타내지 않았다. 수확지수(收穫指數)는 품종간(品種間)에 통일형(統一型) 품종(品種)인 칠성(七星)벼와 삼강(三剛)벼가 일본형(日本型) 품종(品種)인 팔공(八公)벼와 낙동(洛東)벼 보다 높았고, 분설경수(分薛莖數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 수확지수(收穫指數)도 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 경쟁반응지수(競爭反應指數)와 등숙율(登熟率)과 수확지수간(收穫指數間)에는 높은 상관(相關)을 나타내었으며 경쟁지수(競爭指數)와 수장(穗長)과 수량간(收量間)에는 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 나타내었다.

This experiment was conducted at the Kyungpook National University Agriculture college farm during 1988 to determine the effect of tiller no. Per hill on growth and competitive response of the rice plant. The results obtained were summarized as follows : As tiller no. Per hill, Rice yield increased and also yield component such as 1000-grain weight and ripening ratio were increased up to at 10 tiller no. Per hill but they decreased at 13 tiller no. Per hill in used four rice varieties. Culm length of four rice varieties was shortest at one tiller no. Per hill however as tiller no. Per hill increased culm length significantly decreased in all rice varieties. Flag leaf length was highest at one tiller no. Per hill in all varieties while flag leaf length decreased with increased tiller no. Per hill. Highest harvest index exhibited at 13 tiller no. Per hill in all varieties and also showed that Chil seongbyeo and Samgang byeo of Tongil variety were higher harvest index compared to Nagdongbyeo and Palgongbyeo of Japonica Variety. Tiller no. Per hill did not significantly affect the heading date except by delayed heading date on Chilseong and Samgangbyeo at one tiller no. Per hill. The correlation coefficients of competitive index and ripening ratio and harvest index were 0.60 and 0.77 respectively while panicle length was 0.43 and grain weight was 029.

수도 주요 품종들의 재배방식에 따른 도복 양상과 형질의 차이를 구명하기 위해 내도복성품종 IR8과 IR64중간정도의 내도복성을 나타내는 IR36 그리고 도복성품종인 IR 21820-154-3-2-2-3를 공시하여 각 품종간에 도복을 유발시키는 형질간의 비교와 식물체의 구성성분을 조사하였던 바, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. IR8을 제외하고는 공시된 모든 품종은 손이양재배가 산파재배한 것보다 도복저항상이 크게 나타났으며 수량에 있어서도 대체로 손이양재배에서 높게 나타났다. 산파재배에 있어서 도복에 의한 수량손실은 손이앙에 비하여 0.6톤에서 1.5톤으로 품종에 따라 각각 수량이 감소되었다. 그러나 재배방식에 따른 수도의 생육변이와 수량구성요소는 차이를 보이지 않았으며 줄기내의 칼륨함량은 손이앙재배가 산파재배 보다는 높게 나타났는데 이것이 도복의 저항성을 증대 시킨 것으로 사료된다. 한편 인산이나 규산의 함량은 줄기의 강도를 증대시키는데 아무런 영향도 미치지 못하였다.

This experiment was conducted at the IRRI experimental fram, Los Banos, Philippines to determine the effects of planting methods on lodging in rice, and to determine plant characteristics that induce lodging. Moderately lodging-susceptible IR36, lodging-susceptible line IR21820-3-2-2-3 and lodging-resistant IR8 and IR64 were tested. Except in IR8, lodging resistance of all test rices was higher when transplanted than when broadcast-seeded. Transplanted rices yielded higher than did broadcast-seeded rices except with broadcast-seeded IR8. Yield reduction due to lodging varied from 0.6 to 1.5 t/ha. Yield components and vegetative characteristics did not differ significantly between planting methods. However, higher culm K content was observed in transplanted rice, and it consequently increased lodging resistance. Phosphorus ans Si contents did not significantly affect culm strength.

대두(大豆)를 이용(利用)한 요구르트 및 유산균(乳酸菌) 음료(飮料)의 제조(製造)를 위(爲)하여 두유(豆乳) 요구르트에 대한 유산균(乳酸菌) 생육(生育)과 산생성(酸生成) 및 여러가지 첨가물(添加物)에 대한 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였다. 시비조건(施肥條件)에 차이(差異)를 두어 재배(栽培)한 대두(大豆)를 이용(利用)한 두유(豆乳)에서의 유산균(乳酸菌) 생육(生育) 및 산생성(酸生成)은 큰 차이(差異)가 없었으나 개발복비(開發複肥)를 사용(使用)한 Soybean D가 다소(多少) 양호(良好)한 것으로 나타났으며, 두유(豆乳), 탈지두유 및 분리대두단백(分離大豆蛋白)에서의 산생성(酸生成)은 두유(豆乳)가 탈지두유보다 양호(良好)했으며 분리(分離) 대두단백(大豆蛋白)으로 조제(調製)한 두유(豆乳)에서는 현저(顯著)히 낮았다. 두유(豆乳) 요구르트의 제조(製造)에 사용(使用)한 균주별(菌株別) 산생성능력(酸生成能力)은 L. bulagricus와 L. acidophilus가 우수(優秀)하였다. 당(糖)과 각종(各種) 발육촉진물질(發育促進物質)의 첨가(添加)에 의해 균증식(菌增殖) 및 산생성(酸生成)이 촉진(促進)되었으며 특(特)히 Glucose와 Yeast Extract의 첨가(添加)는 현저(顯著)한 효과(效果)를 나타내었다.

This experiment was performed to investigate the growth and acid production of lactic acid bacteria in soy yoghurts prepared from soybeans produced using various nitrogen sources and the ability of the bacteria to utilize the available carbohydrates in the medium. Various soybeans did not show significant difference in the growth and acid production of lactic acid bacteria, soybean D with newly developed complex fertilizer being the best. The acid production in soy milk by L. acidophilus was better than those in defatted soy milk and in isolated soy protein, that in isolated soy milk being significantly poor. Of lactic acid bacteria tested, L bulgaricus and L. acidophilus exhibited more population and acid production in soy yoghurts. The population and acid production of lactic acid bacteria was increased by the addition of various carbohydrates, and significantly by glucose and yeast extract.

Imidazole계(系) 농약(農藥)인 prochloraz와 triazole계(系)인 triadimefon의 사과나무 부란병균(腐爛病菌)(Valsa ceratosperma)에 대한 항균력(抗菌力) 및 지방산(脂肪酸)의 조성변화(組成變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 균(菌)이 생육(生育)하고 있는 PS액체배지(液體培地)에 두 약제(藥劑)를 각각(各各) 처리(處理)하였을 때의 값은 prochloraz의 경우는 1~5ppm이었고 triadimelon은 5~10ppm이었으며 prochloraz의 저해능(沮害能)이 다소 높았다. 균사(菌絲)의 현미경(顯微鏡) 관찰결과(觀察結果) 약제(藥劑) 처리구(處理區)에서는 모두 균사(菌絲)의 이상생육현상(異常生育現象)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 균체(菌體)에 약제(藥劑)를 처리(處理)함으로 인해서 지질(脂質)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 균체중(菌體中)의 총지질(總脂質) 및 지방산(脂肪酸)의 함량변화(含量變化)는 없는 것으로 나타났다.

In order to elucidate the antifungal activity of prochloraz(imidazole) and triadimefon(triazole), the mycelia of the Valsa ceratosperma were treated with the compounds in vitro. Prochloraz applied to the target pathogen inhibited mycelial growth more than triadimefon. The concentration for the 50% inhibition of mycelial growth () was 1-5 ppm in treatment of prochloraz and 5-10 ppm in treatment of triadimefon. The mycelia of Valsa ceratosperma treated with low concentration of prochloraz and triadimefon were morphologically abnormal as observed with an optical microscope. Content of total lipid and fatty acids were not changed by the treatments of prochloraz and triadimefon, respectively, in liquid medium.

일반적으로 사과나무의 일반 대목용으로 많이 이용되고 있는 삼엽해당(Malus sieboldii)의 종자를 1988년 11월에 경북대학교 부속 농장에서 채취하여 15주 동안 습기 있는 모래에 충적 처리후 발아와 그후의 생육상을 알기 위하여 BA와 ABA를 처리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 처리구중에 , BA구는 발아율이 높았고 ABA처리구는 낮았으며 ABA처리가 다시 종자를 휴면상태로 유도시키던지, 정상적인 묘가 되지 못하였다. 2. 평균 발아기간 역시 ABA를 처리한 구들은 다른구에 비하여 2일 이상 지연되었다. 3. 평균 유아와 유근의 길이는 ABA 20ppm 처리구가 가장 불량하였다. 이는 묘의 세력이 약하다는 것을 나타내며 불량묘가 생산되었다. 4. 생성된 묘의 생체중과 건물중의 비교에서 BA 처리 구들이 비교적 묘의 무게가 무거웠고 ABA처리구는 가벼워서 비정상적인 묘를 형성하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 휴면이 타파된 종자에 ABA를 외적으로 처리하면 다시 휴면상태가 되며 또 발아가 되어도 생리적인 왜화 상태를 나타낸다. 그래서 묘의 건전한 생장을 위해서는 BA가 우수하다고 인정되어 진다.

The seeds of Malus sieboldii were collected in late fall of 1988 and stored in cold stratification condition for 15 weeks. Growth regulators such as , BA and ABA were treated to the seed to know germination capacity and seedling growth. The results were as follows. 1) Higher germination was achieved in and BA plots, But ABA treatment showed lower germination percentage and physiological dwarf and also induced to the secondary dormancy condition in partly. 2) Average length of time for germination was delayed over 2 days in ABA plot when comparing with the other plots. 3) Average length of plumule and radicle also was inhibited by ABA treatment. This means lower seedling vigor. 4) Fresh and dry weight of the seeding were higher in BA plot while ABA plot was lower and undesirable seedling was produced. From above mentioned results, it is believed that ABA treatment to the seed induced the secondary dormancy and physiological dwarf pattern. Therefore, utilization of BA can be produced the normal seedling, the authors believed.

감미종(甘味種) 고추의 육종재료(育種材料)로 사용(使用)하고저 미국(美國)과 일본(日本)으로 부터 도입(導入)한 피만계와 기타의 고추 품종(品種)을 포장(圃場)에 재식(栽植)하여 그 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)하였다. 수량(收量)에 있어서는 대사자(大獅子), 기옥조생(埼玉早生), 평안영광(平安榮光), 시장(市場) 등 일본(日本)에서 도입(導入)된 품종(品種)들이 상위(上位)에 있고 다음으로 Keystone Resistant Giant #3, Emerald Giant 등의 순으로 수량(收量)이 많았다. 일본(日本)에서 도입(導入)된 품종(品種)들은 수량(收量)이 많고 착과성(着果性)이 양호(良好)하였으나 과실(果實)은 비교적(比較的) 작았다. 미국(美國)에서 도입(導入)된 품종(品鍾)들은 수량(收量)과 초세(草勢)에서 일본(日本) 품종(品種)보다 떨어지나 대과(大果)를 생산(生産)하였다. 그중에서도 Keystone Resistant Giant #3, Yolo Wonder 계, Emerald Giant, Mercury 등의 과실(果實)이 가장 대과(大果)이었다. 피만계와 함께 재배한 Cubanelle, Sweet Banana, Anaheim, Cheny Sweet 등의 특성(特性)도 조사(調査)하고 그 용도(用途)에 대하여도 논(論)하였다.

Cultivars of bell and other types of pepper introduced from United States of America and from Japan were planted in the Kyungpook National University experiment farm to investigate their characteristics. Such introductions from Japan as 'Oojishi', 'Saitama Wase', 'Beianeiko', and 'Ichiba' were leading in fresh fruit yield, followed by such introductions from America as 'Keystone Resistant Giant # 3' and 'Emerald Giant'. The introductions from Japan were high yielding and with good fruit set but their fruits were smaller than those of introductions from America. Cultivars introduced from America were inferior to those from Japan in yield and vigor but produced large fruits. Fruits of 'Keystone Resistant Giant #3', 'Yolo Wonder' selections, 'Emerald Giant', and 'Mercury' were the largest. among them Other cultivars such as 'Cubanelle', 'Sweet Banana', 'Anaheim' selections, and 'Cherry Sweet' were also included in the experiment, their characteristics were investigated and their usage was discussed.

낙동강수계중(洛東江水系中)의 3개(個) 중대(中大) 유역(流域)인 안동댐 유역(流域)(), 임하유역(), 선산()을 대상(對象)으로 Horton과 Strahler의 하천차수법칙(河川次數法則)에 의해 하천(河川)을 분류(分類)하고, 1 : 50,000 지형도(地形圖)를 이용(利用)하여 각(各) 하천차수별(河川次數別) 지상인자(地相因子)를 구(求)하여 이들 지상인자(地相因子)들에 의해 Markov확률과정(確率過程)을 도입(導入)해서 구(求)한 순간단위도(瞬間單位圖)를 이용(利用)한 방법(方法)과 SCS무차원단위도법(無次元單位圖法)에 의해 홍수량(洪水量)을 구(求)한 결과(結果)를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대상유역(對象流域)에서 Horton의 하천분류법(河川分流法)에 따른 지상인자(地相因子)들의 유역특성(流域特性)인 분기비(分岐比), 길이비(比), 면적비(面積比)는 각각 3.6~5.5, 1.8~3.8, 5.1~6.4의 범위(範圍)로써 Horton이 제안(提案)한 값과 거의 일치(一致)하였다. 2. Markov 확률과정(確率科程)을 이용(利用)한 순간단위도(瞬間單位圖)에서 홍수량(洪水量)은 0~7%, 홍수도달시간(洪水到達時間)은 0~2시간(時間)의 오차로 양호한 값이 나타난데 반하여, SCS무차원단위법(無次元單位法)으로 구(求)한 홍수량(洪水量)은 10~40%, 홍수도달시간(洪水到達時間)은 0~4시간(時間)의 비교적 큰 오차가 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the flood discharge and peak time by the SCS method and the probability method using the geomorpologic parameters obtained from the topographic maps following the law of stream classifying and, ordering by Horton and Strahler. The SCS method and the probability method are used in estimating the times to peak and the flood discharges at An-dong, Im-ha, and Sun-san basins in the Nakdong River system. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The range of the values of the area ratio, the bifurcation ratio and the length ratio agree with those of natural streams presented by Horton and Strahler. 2. Comparisons of the probability method and observed values show that small relative errors of 0-7% of flood discharge, and 0-2hr, difference in time to peak respectivly. But the SCS method shows that large relative errors of 10-40% of flood discharge, and 0-4hr, difference in time to peak. 3. When the rainfall intensity is large, the error of flood discharge estimated by using the probability method is relativly small.

Plate-Penetrometer를 사용(使用)하여 Gedtextile로 보강된 지반(地盤)의 지지력(支持力) 상승효과(上昇效果)를 고찰(考察)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. Geotextile의 포설층수(鋪設層數)를 3층(層)까지 증가(增加)하는 동안 BCR은 증가(增加)하였으나 그 이상(以上)의 포설층수(鋪設層數)에 대한 BCR의 증가효과(增加效果)는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 2. U/D가 증가(增加)함에 따라 BCR은 감소(減少)하였으나 U/D가 0.8이상(以上)에서는 BCR의 변화(變化)가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 가 0.6까지는 BCR이 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)하였으나 0.6이상(以上)에 대한 BCR의 감소율(減少率)은 거의 변화(變化)가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 4. Geotextile의 폭(幅)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 BCR은 거의 직선적(直線的)으로 증가(增加)하나 B/D가 2.5 이상(以上)에서는 증가율(增加率)이 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)되는 것으로 나타났다.

To consider improvement effect of the bearing capacity and economical efficiency in using the geotextile, on foundation reinforced with the geotextile, several experiments accomplished by the plate-penetrometer on a model foundation. The results obtained are as follows : 1. It appears that the BCR is increased steeply only to 3 layers of the geotextile but nearly isn't more than 3 layers. 2. It appears that the BCR is increased during the U/D's increment but the variations of it nearly isn't more than U/D=0.8. 3. It appears that the BCR is increased steeply to the value of =0.6 but variations of it nearly isn't more than 0.6. 4. It appears that the BCR is decreased almost proportionally to the value of B/D= 2.5 but it's ratio of decrease is decreased remarkably more than 2.5.

본 실험은 견직물의 염색시에 많이 사용되는 Acetic Acid, Sulphuric Acid 및 Formic Acid등의 산성화학약제 처리가 생사의 물리적 성질에 미치는 영향을 규명한 것으로서 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 생사의 강력(g/d)은 공시 3개약제 다같이 온도 및 pH 변화에 따른 차이를 인정할 수 없었다, 생사의 신도(%)는 Acetic Acid 및 Sulphuric Acid pH 3에서 Formic Acid pH 4에서 유의차 있게 저하되었다.

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of acid chemicals namely, sulphuric acid, formic acid and acetic acid on the physical properties of silk especially on tenacity and elongation which are the two most important properties in handling and processing of silk. The following results were observed. It was recognised that there was a significant change in elongation in all the samples tested using the three different chemicals. In the test with acetic acid, the elongation at at pH 3 had a significant change. Change was observed in the test with sulphuric acid at pH 3 and in the case of formic acid test, there was a significant change in the elongation of raw silk at . The above results qualifies earlier findings and studies that recorded that acids like formic acid and other organic acids could have an effect on the physical properties of silk.

본 실험은 일정한 발달단계(發達段階)에 있는 생쥐배(胚)를 응집시킬때 세포응집소인 Phytohemagglutinin-P(PHA-P)를 첨가 라화배(裸化胚)의 응집율과 응집된 배(胚)를 in vitro에서 배양하였을때의 배양율 및 적당한 PHA-P의 첨가농도를 조사하여 Chimera배(胚)를 생산하는데 필요한 기초지식을 얻기 위하여 실시(實施)하였다. Albino BALB/C와 CBA계통 및 C57BL 계통의 생쥐에 pregnant mare Serum gonadotropin와 human chorionic gonadotropin를 투여하여 과배란 생쥐에 PMSG와 hCG를 투여하여 과배란을 유기, 회수된 생쥐의 4세포기, 8세포기 및 상실배기 수정란을 1.0% Protease 용액으로 투명대를 제거(除去)하고 PHA-P를 첨가한 배양액에서 미세한 초자봉(硝子棒)으로 계통(系統)이 다른 두 계통(系統)의 생쥐의 배(胚)를 응집시킨 다음 응집된 배를 , 5% , 95% Air의 배양기 조건하에서 13~50 시간 배양하면서 Chimera배(胚)의 발달상태를 조사하였다. 본(本) 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 1.0% Protease 또는 1.0% Protease 및 PHA-P가 첨가된 산성 Tyrode액에서 투명대를 제거한 라화배(裸化胚)를 배반포까지 배양했을때 유의차는 없었으나 4세포기배와 8세포기배 보다 상실기배가 더 잘 발달되었으며 또한 PHA-P를 첨가하였을때가 첨가하지 아니한 때 보다 다소 좋은 경향을 보였다. 2. PHA-P 첨가시 4세포기, 8세포기 및 상실기배의 응집율은40.0~82.0%, 첨가시에는 52.0~94.0%, 첨가시에는 48.0~96.0%로 배(胚)의 발달단계(發達段階)에 따라서는 4세포기, 8세포기가 상실배기 보다 유의적으로 높았다 (P<.05). PHA-P의 처리수준에 의한 응집율에 있어서는 5 또는 첨가구가 첨가구 보다 조금 높게 나타났으나 유의차는 없었다. 3. 응집배의 상실배까지의 배양율은 PHA-P의 각(各) 수준간 및 각(各) 세포기간에 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 응집배의 배반포까지의 배양율은 PHA-P 수준사이에는 유의차가 없었으나 4세포기와 8세포기의 배(胚)는 상실기 배(胚)보다 유의적으로 높은 배양율을 보였다 (P<.05). 4. 응집된 배(胚)가 배반포까지 발달하는데 소요되는 평균시간은 4세포기배가 38.5~40시간, 8세포기배가 26~27시간, 상실기배가 19~20시간이었다. 5. 응집율은 34.0~94.0%의 범위로서 PHA-P를 첨가할때 응집율이 더 좋은 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 4세포기와 8세포기의 배(胚)가 상실기배 보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<.05). 6. 응집배의 상실배까지의 발달율은 4세포기배가 52.7~84.7%, 8세포기배가 73.8~872% 였으며 세포기 사이에는 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 PHA-P를 첨가한 것이 발달이 더 좋았다. 7. 응집배의 배반포까지의 발달율은 4세포기의 배(胚)가 41.7~77.7%, 8세포기의 배(胚)는 78.7~83.0% 상실기배가 0~19.2%였으며 4세포기의 PHA-P 처리가 미처리(未處理) 보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<.05). PHA-P를 처리했을 때 4세포기와 8세포기가 상실기의 배(胚) 보다 더 높은 발달율을 보였다.

This study was carried out to obtain basic information necessary for aggregation and in-vitro culture of mouse embryos by treating phytohemagglutinin-p (PHA-P). The 4-, 8-cell and morula embryos were obtained from female mice of albino BALE/C, CBA and C57BL strains, those were injected 5 i.u pregenant mare serum gonadotrophin and 5 i.u human chorionic gonadotrophin to superovulation. The zona pellucidia was removed by placing the embryos in Acidic Tyrode solution containing 1.0% protease or/and 5 ug/ml PHA-P. The pairs of zona free embryos were subjected to aggregation by glassneedle in BMOC-3 containing 5 ug/ml PHA-P. The aggregation embryos were cultured in Brinster's mouse ova culture-3(BMOC-3) medium under the gas phase of 5% in air for 13 to 50 hours. The results obtained in this study are summarised as follows : 1. When 4-, 8-cell and morula embryos were zona-freed in acidic Tyrode solution containing 1.0% protease or/and 5 ug/ml PHA-P, and cultured in vitro to blastocysts, the 4- and 8-cell embryos showed slightly less development rates than the morula one did, and solution of 5 ug/ml PHA-P brought some higher development rate than negative control. 2. As 2, 5 or 10 ug/ml PHA-P was added to the solution to aggregate 4-, 8-cell or morula embryos, 2 ug/ml solution represented slightly lower aggregation rate than the higher levels solutions, and 4- and 8-cell embryos showed higher rates than morula one did (P<.05). 3. In respect to the development rates of aggregated embryos to morula no significant difference was found among PHA-P levels and between 4-and 8-cell embryos. With respect to those of aggregated embryos to blastocysts the different levels of PHA-P showed similar results, however, the 4- and 8-cell embryos represented higher rates than the morula one did (P<.05). 4. The mean time necessary for development of aggregated 4-, 8-cell and morula embryos to blastocysts were 38.5-40, 26-27 and 19-20hrs. Respectively in solution for aggregation. 5. The aggregation rates of embryos were 34-94%, when treated protease or/and PHA-P. Supplementation of 5 ug/ml PHA-P to the solution for aggregation showed a trend demonstrating higher aggregation rate compared to negative control, although no significance was found. However, 4- and 8-cell embryos represented significantly higher aggregation rates than the morula one did (P<.05). 6. The development rates of 4- and 8-cell embryos to morula were 52.7-84.7 and 73.8-87.2%, respectively, showing no significant difference between two cell stages. However, the aggregation rates of embryos treated with solution containing PHA-P were higher than negative control (P<.05). 7. The development rates of 4- and 8-cell and morula embryos to blastocysts were 41.7-77.7 78.7-83.0 and 0-19.2%, respectively. The rates of 4-cell embryos treated with PHA-P were significant higher than the negative control (P<.05). The 8-cell and morula embryos also showed more rates when treated PHA-P.

본 연구는 여왕봉의 능력을 검정하여 우량여왕봉을 선발하고 또한 금후 우리나라의 여왕봉 능력검정체계 확립에 필요한 자료를 제시하고자 1988년 9월부터 1989년 8월까지 1년간에 걸쳐 대구 근교 양봉장에서 사양관리중인 서양종 봉군(Apis millifera) 30군을 대상으로 실시되었다. 각종 능력에 대한 검정결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 월동전 소상의 평균 무게는 이었고 월동기간 중 봉군당 평균 의 중량이 감소되었다. 봉군증식에 의한 계상설치는 4월 17일부터 5월 5일까지 행하여 졌으며 30군의 단상 봉군 가운데서 13군만이 계상이 설치되어 계상이용성이 낮았다. 화분수집 능력을 나타내는 24시간 동안의 화분수집량은 군당 평균 이었으며, 분봉성의 강약을 나타내는 왕대형성수는 군당 평균이 개이었다. 봉교생산성은 보통이었고, 외역 활동후 소상으로 돌아오는 외역봉 수는 1분간 군당 마리이었다. 산란능력을 나타내는 봉개소비면적은 군당 평균이 이었고 석고병 감염율은 30.8%이었다. 아카시아 유밀기에 있어서 2차에 걸친 총 채밀량은 군당 평균이 이었다.

The study was conducted to obtain some basic information to establish the system of performance-tests and selection of honeybee queens(Apis mellifera) under Korean circumstances, Colony performances were tested with thirty colonies of Apis mellifera at two apiaries in Taegu, Korea from September, 1988 to August 1989. The results of performance-testing on the colonies are summarized as follows : The colony weight measured before wintering was averaged and the colony weight was decreased by in average during winter season. Thirteen colonies were entered in two story hive from thirty single box colonies from April 17 to May 5, 1989 with increase of bee population and, consequently, the ability of enter-supers of the colonies apperared to be low. The ability of collecting pollen was measured to be per colony during 24 hours in April, and the number of swarm cells was counted cells per colony in aveage. Tendency to use propolis appeared to be moderate, and the number of returning foragers for a minute per colony was counted bees in average. Brood area was measured per colony in the post nectar flow season of acasia, and 30.8 percent of the colonies appeared to be infected with chalkbrood disease, The amount of honey production was per colony, which was harvested two times during the main nectar flow season of acasia.

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 Lactobacillus bulgaricus의 우유 배지(培地)에서 항균물질(抗菌物質)을 추출(抽出) 및 정제(精製)하여 항균효과(抗菌效果)를 조사(調査)하였으며 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 칼처의 항균물질(抗菌物質)을 methanol-acetone으로 추출(抽出)하고 Sephadex G-50 gel filteration 그리고 thin layer chromatography로 정제(精製)하였다. 칼처의 산중화려액(酸中和濾液)이 탁도법(濁度法)에 의하여 Bacillus subitilis의 발육(發育)을 억제(抑制)하였으므로 산(酸)외에서 항균물질(抗菌物質)이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 정제(精製)된 항균물질(抗菌物質)은 Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris 및 Shigella dysenteriae의 발육(發育)을 억제(抑制)하였다. Thin layer chromatography로 정제(精製)한 항균물질(抗菌物質)은 항균작용(抗菌作用)을 나타내는 나 유산(乳酸)을 함유하지 않는 것이다.

This study was carried out to confirm the agent responsible for the antibacterial activity in milk culture or Lactobacillus bulgaricus to extract and purify it. The following results were summarized as followings : The antibacterial agent was extracted from the cultured skim milk with methanol and acetone and was purified by Sephadex G-50 gel filteration and thin layer chromatography on silica gel. The antibacterial substance other than lactic acid was confirmed by turbidimetric technique using the neutralized culture filtrate which inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis. The purified agent showed inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichica coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Shigells . The agent obtained from thin layer chromatography was free from or lactic acid.

벼잎선충(線蟲) 방제(防除)를 위(爲)한 볍씨의 온탕침적조건(溫湯浸績條件), 벼품종간(品種間)의 저항성(抵抗性) 정도(程度), 피해경율(被害莖率)과 수량감소(收量減少) 정도(程度) 등을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)해 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 볍씨 온탕침법(溫湯浸法)에 의(依)한 선충(線蟲) 방제효과(防除效果)는 에서 10-15분간(分間) 처리(處理)하였을때 가장 좋았다. 벼잎선충(線蟲)에 대한 품종간(品種間)의 피해경율(被害莖率)은 통일형(統一型) 품종(品種)의 경우 White tip 증상(症狀)이 나타나지 않았고 일본형(日本型) 품종(品種)들은 대부분 White tip 증상(症狀)이 잘 나타났는데 그 중(中)에서도 오태(五台)벼와 부광벼는 각각(各各) 95.6%, 81.8%의 높은 피해경율(被害脛率)을 보였다. 그러나 볍씨내 선충밀도(線蟲密度)에 있어서는 통일형(統一型), 일본형(日本型) 품종(品種) 모두 벼 10g당 100마리 이상(以上) 검출되었다. White tip 증상(症狀)이 나타나지 않았던 통일형(統一型) 품종(品種)들도 선충(線蟲) 접종구(接種區)에서는 수량(收量) 및 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)가 감소(減少)되는 품종(品種)이 많았고 일본형(日本型) 품종(品種)에서는 피해경율(被害莖率)이 높았던 오태(五台)벼와 부광벼는 40% 가까운 수량감소율(收量減少率)을 보였으며 전체적(全體的)으로 통일형(統一型) 보다는 일본형(日本型) 품종(品種)에서 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)와 수량(收量)의 감수정도(減收程度)가 높게 나타났다. 일본형(日本型) 품종(品種) 중(中) 영덕(盈德)5호(號)는 접종구(接種區)에서 White tip 증상(症狀)이 전혀 나타나지 않았고 수량(收量)도 감소(減少)되지 않아 벼잎선충(線蟲)에 대하여 저항성(抵抗性) 품종(品種)으로 생각된다.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hot water immersion treatment on the control of white tip nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi) in rice seeds. Disease incidence and yield losses induced by white tip nematode were alos investigated in association with resistance of various rice cultivars. The hot water immersion treatment of rice seeds at for 10-15 minutes was effective for the control of the white tip nematode. The stem of most Japonica-type cultivars was damaged by white tip nematode. The Tongil-type cultivars, however, were not infected by the nematode at all. Diseas incidence of Japonica-type cultivars, Odaebyeo and Bogkwangbyeo were 95.6% and 81.8%, respectively. The number of nematodes in infected rice seeds of both Japonica-type and Togil-type cultivars was over 100 per 10gr rice seeds. Although Tongil-type cultivars didn't show white tip symptoms, the yield loss was found in many cultivars. The yield was reduced by 40% Japonica-type cultivars, Odaebyeo and Bogkwangbyeo that were infected by white tip nematode. The yield loss in Japonica-type cultivars was more severe than that in Tongil-type cultiveas. The resistance of Youngdege 5 was highest than any other cultivars showing no disease symptoms and yield loss.

딱정벌레류는 포식성(捕食性) 곤충(昆蟲)으로서, 특히 삼림해충(森林害蟲) 및 가축위생해충(家畜衛生害蟲)들의 생물학적(生物學的) 방제(防除)에 기여(寄與)할 수 있는 유용(有用) 천적곤충(天敵昆蟲)이다. 그 중에서 우리나라에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 멋쟁이딱정벌레 5아종(亞種), 9개지역 개체군(個體群)을 대상으로 계량형태학적(計量形態學的) 다변량해석(多變量解析)을 시도 하였다. 그 결과 외부형질(外部形質)의 비교에서 각 아종간(亞種間)이 평균(平均) 96.3%, 아종(亞種)을 무시한 종내(種內) 개체군간(個體群間)은 97.4%, 그리고 jankowskii 아종내(亞種內)의 개체군(個體群)만 비교 했을때 100%로서, 모두 평균(平均) 75% 이상(以上)의 분리율(分離率)이 나타났으며, 유의수준(有意水準)도 P<0.001로 판명되어, 각 아종간(亞種間) 및 지역간(地域間)이 명백히 서로 구별되어졌다. 웅성생식기(雄性生殖器)의 형질에만 의존한 비교에서는 Group 3(quelpartianus)의 85.6%를 제외한 대부분 분리율(分離率)이 표준(標準) 75% 법칙(法則)이하로 나타났으며, 유의수준(有意水準)도 대부분 P>0.001로 나타나서 그 판별력(判別力) 해석(解析)에 도움이 되지 못하였다. 이상에서와 같이 정량해석(定量解析) 방법(方法)에 의한 구분결과(區分結果)와 정성형질(定性形質)의 차이로서 전남(全南) 진도(珍島) 지역(地域)의 개체군(個體群)을 신아종(新亞種)으로 추가 기재(記載)하였다. 따라서, 우리나라에서 멋쟁이 딱정벌레는 현재 7아종(亞種)으로 구분될 수 있으나, 그 중에서 원명아종(原名亞鍾)은 조사된 5개 지역에서 모두 미세형태적(微細形態的) 형질(形質)의 차이가 다변량해석(多變量解析)에 의해 인지(認知)되었으므로 장차 자료의 보완과 함께 재검토(再檢討)가 요망(要望)된다.

The ground beetles or carabids are essentially predaceous feeding on a wide variety of insects including forest pests, slugs and land snails containing those injurious to livestock or veterinary, thus many are predominantly beneficial and serve as natural enemies. In the present investigation, some morphometric multivariate analysis were done for 9 different populations in 5 subspecies of D. (C.) jankowskii, which are one of the most common ground beetles in Korea As the results, when the comparison was conducted between intraspecific groups regardless of subspecies in external morphological characters, the average group membership revealed 97.46% correct assignment For intersubspecific comparisons alone 96.3% were correctly classified. Between the groups of ssp. jankowskii an average of 100% individuals were classified in their known group. Thus the predict group membership was highly significant(P<0.001), exceeding so-called 'the 75% rule'. Whereas, the average group membership using the male genitalic characters represented less than the 75% assignment, except only in ssp. quelpartianus (85.6%). The population from Is. Chindo were described here as a new subspecies for qualitative as well as the resultant quantitative differences. Therefore, a total of 7 subspecies are represented in Korea. Among them, the nominate subspecies, ssp. jankowskii(sensu lato), revealed distinct intrasubspecific differences between different geographic populations. These differences can be as notable as intersubspecific variation which need substantial revision of the previous intuitional concepts on the infraspecific level.

성숙 중 토마토 과실의 -galactosidase의 활성 변화와 정제한 효소의 생화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 성숙단계에 따른 Toatl activity는 다소 증가하는 경향이었으며 DEAE-sephadex A-50 Column chromatography 및 Sephadex G-100 Column chromatography를 통하여 정제한 결과 -galactosidase 3개의 isoenzyme (-galactosidase I, II 및 III)을 가지고 있었다. 이들 각 isoenzyme의 성숙에 따른 활성변화를 조사한 결과 Mp에서는 -galactosidase I, II 및 III는 각각 69.8, 31.8 및 170.8이었으나 RP에서는 48.7, 88.4 및 136.8을 각각 나타내어 -gal I과 III은 다소 감소하였으나 -galactosidase II의 활성은 2.8배 증가하였다. -galactosidase I, II 및 III의 최적 pH는 각각 3.9, 4.2 및 3.9였으며 최적 온도는 및 였다. pH3.0~6.0에서 안정하였고 또한 3개의 isoenzyme은 에서 5분간 열처리하였을 때 활성이 50% 소실되었다. 각 isoenzyme은 에 의해 활성이 다소 증가되었으나 와 SDS에 의해 활성이 30~40% 감소되었으며 에 의해서는 완전히 저해되었다. -gal I, II 및 III의 km치는 각각 0.36mM, 0.63mM 및 0.45mM이었으며 반응속도는 기질의 농도가 (M)까지 급격히 증가하였다.

The activity changes and biochemical properties of -gal in tomato fruits during ripening were investigated. The total activity was increased during ripening and three isoenzymes (-gal I, II and III) were purified through DEAE Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The activities of gal isoenzymes (-gal I, II and III) during ripening were 69.8, 31.8 and 170.0 units in mature green phase, while those were 48.7, 88.4 and 136.8 units in Red phase, respectively. As the ripening proceeded the activities of -gal I and III were some what decreased but the activity of -gal II was incresed more than 2.8 fold. The optimum pH of -gal I, II and III were 3.9, 4.2 and 3.9 and the optimum temperature of those were , and , respectively. All isoenzymes were stable at pH 3.6~6.0 and lost their activity about 50% when it heated at for 5 minute. -activated the three isoenzymes but and SDS inhibited about 30~40%. inhibited completely. The km value of -gal I, II and III was 0.36mM, 0.63mM and 0.45mM, reaction rate was rapidly increased until the concentration of substrate was .

탈지 겨자박으로 부터 유리페놀산, 에스터형 및 불용성페놀산을 추출하여 식용대두유 기질에서 항산화 효과를 0.02%(w/w)의 BHA, BHT의 항산화 효과를 비교하였는바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 각 기질과 대조구를 에서 25일간 저장하면서 매5일간 과산화물가, TBA가를 측정하여 항산화 효과를 추정하였다. 1. BHA, BHT와 유리페놀산, 에스터형 및 불용성페놀산 추출물을 첨가한 시험구와 대조구의 25일 저장 후 과산화물가는 각각 31.9, 13.2, 16.6, 11.2, 35, 91이었다. 한편 같은 조건하에서 각 항산화성 물질의 TBA가는 0.24, 0.16, 0.19, 0.17, 0.35이었다. 이로 미루어 볼 때 페놀산 추출물들은 식용대두유 기질에서 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 2. 겨자의 총 페놀함량은 유리페놀산 및 불용성페놀산의 추출물이 각각 13.2mg/10ml. 340.5mg/10ml, 2.1mg/10ml였다. 3. 분리 동정된 페놀산은 catechol, methylcatechol, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, pyrogallol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic acid였다.

In this study, antioxidative effectiveness of BHA, BHT of 0.02% was compared to that of separated phenolic acid, ester form and insoluble phenolic acid were extracted from 50g mustard seed removed fat antioxidative effectiveness was assumed, measuring Peroxide value, TBA value for 5 days, storaging respective substrate and contrast tube at for 25 days. 1. Laboratory tube was added by BHA, BHT separated phenolic acid ester form and insoluble phenolic acid extract and peroxide value of contrast tube after 25 days storage were 31.9, 13.2, 16.6, 11.2, 35.91. On the other hand at the same condition TBA of each antioxidativity matter were 0.24, 0.16, 0.19, 0.17, 027, 0.35 as a result remarkably appeared antioxidative effectiveness in meal soybean oil substrate. 2. Total phenolic contents of free phenolic acid and insoluble phenolic acid in mustard were 13.2mg/10ml, 340.5mg/10ml, 2.1mg/10ml. 3. Phenolic acid separated and identificated were catechol, methylcatechol, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic acid.

대표적인 재료로서 바나나를 선정하여 건조방법과 조건에 따른 최적화에 사용할 수 있는 Ascorbic acid 저하속도와 비효소적 갈변속도에 대한 반응속도 예측 모델식을 결정하였다. Ascorbic acid 저하 속도와 비 효소적 갈변속도를 각각 1차반응, 0차반응으로, 두반응의 온도 의존성은 Arrhenius식으로 나타내어 SPSS Computer Program을 이용하여 실제 측정된 Ascorbic acid와 비효소적 갈변의 data에 가장 접근하도록 Parameter를 반복계산하여 찾았다. 얻어진 반응속도식에서의 Parameter값들은 R. SQUARE값이 평균 0.99이상이므로 살험치를 잘 예측하였으며 건조공정의 최적화에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되어진다. Ascorbic acid 저하속도와 비효소적 갈변속도는 건조초기에 낮고 건조가 진행되어 수분함량의 감소와 함께 최대속도를 보이다가 서서히 감소하였다. 이때 동결건조의 경우가 가장 안정된 품질변화를 나타냈음을 알 수 있었다.

Kinetics of ascorbic acid and browning that may use on the optimization of food dehydration were evaluated. Banana was chosen for this as the representative test material. We have described the destruction of ascorbic acid and browning as first and zero order reactions. The temperature dependence between two reactions were conducted with Arrhenius equation. Finally we have operated SPSS computer programs reapeatedly that we found very dose value of the parameter between result of ascorbic acid and browning. The attained Kinetic models were well prepared for the value of result experiments and the models may use on optimization for dehydration progress. Destruction rate of ascorbic acid and browning rate were low at initiation of progress, increased to show maximum at the low moisture on mid-progress and then decreased gradually. Freeze drying showed the most constant quality of product in this case.

The main goal of this research was to develop a Golf course planning Methodology in terms of use and preservation of natural resources which consider balance of Ecosystem. This study suggested the necessity of analysis of natural resources in the development site prior to its planning. The analysis will give a benefits both the profits of private enterprise and national interests for reuse of natural resources. Study site was planned region of Kyungpook Country Club, which located near Weagwan. In connection with this study, natural resources which will reuse in the planning stage and soil status in the development site were analyzed.

Rice culture in Korea has a long history ranging over two thousand years. In the agriculture economy of pre-mordern Korea, however, its importantce was not as great as generally assumed. In fact, rice culture reached full development only after the 1920s when the Japanese colonial government carried out its drive to increase rice production in the Korea peninsula. It was not until the mid-1930s that rice became the staple in Korean diet. This can be attributed to two factors : (1) a mountainous topography that provides little irrigated fields and (2) a climate characterized by droughts in spring and heavy precipitation in summer. The present paper attempts to answer some of these questions. Specifically it will focus on these : Did the development of rice culture actually result in population growth? What are the salient features of agricultural develdpment and population grow in traditional Korea? Does the case of Korea conform the prevailing generalization about the agriculture in East Asia? I have discussed the development of rice culture and population growth in the Chosn dynasty, focusing on the relation between the rapid spread of transplanting and the rapid growth of population from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. Here are my conclusions. (1) The spread of transplanting and other technological innovationsc contributed to the rapid growth of population in this period. However, we should also note that the impact of rice culture on population growth was rather limited, for rice culture was not the mainstay of agricultural economy in pre-modern Korea. Indeed we should consider the influence of dry field cropsn population growth. Nevertheless, it is obvious that the proliferation of rice culture was a factor crucial to population growth and regional concentration. (2) How should we characterize the spread of rice culture in the whole period? Evidently rice culture spread from less then 20% of cultivated fields in the fifteenth century to about 36% of them in the early twentieth century. Although rice as a single crop outweighed other crops, rice culture was more then counter-balanced by dry field crops as a whole, due to Korea's unique climate and geography. Thus what we have here in not a typical case of competition between rice culture and day field culture. Besides, the spread of rice culture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries accomplished by technological innovations that overcame severe springtime drought, rather than extensive irrigation. Althougt irrigarion facilities did proliferate to some extent, this was achieved by local landlords and peasants rather than the state. This fact contradicts the classical thesis that the productivity of rice culture increased through the state management of irrigation and that this in turn determined the type of society. (3) We should further study other aspects of the transition from the stable population and production struture in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries to the rapid population growth and excessive density of population thereafter. We should note that there were continuing efforts to reclaim the land in order to solve the severe shortage of land. Changes also took place in the agricultural production relations. The increase in land producrivity developed tenancy based on rent in kind, and this in turn increased the independence of tenants from their landlords. There were changes in family relations-such as the shift to primogeniture as an effort to prevent progressive division of property among multiplying offspring. The rapid population growth also produced a great mass of propertyless farm laborers. These changes had much to do with the disintegration of traditional social institutions and political structure toward the end of the Chosn dynasty.

본 실험은 장기간의 알코올 섭취가 수종의 무기질 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 랫트를 공시하여 4% 및 25% 알코올을 28일간 자유 섭취시킨 후 간, 신장, 근육 및 피모내의 Zn, Ca, Cu 및 Mg의 함량을 원자흡광분광광도법으로 측정하여 보았다. 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Zn 함량은 25% 투여군의 근육에서만 유의한 (P<0.01) 감소를 나타내었으며 피모에 있어서는 4% 투여군에서 유의한(p<0.10) 증가를 나타내었다. 2. Ca 함량은 4% 및 25% 투여군의 간, 신장 및 근육에서 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았으나 4% 투여군의 피모에서는 유의한(p<0.10) 증가를 나타내었다. 3. Cu 함량은 4% 및 25% 투여군의 근육에서만 유의한(P<0.05) 감소를 나타내었다. 4. Mg 함량은 4% 및 25% 투여군의 근육에서만 유의한(P<0.10, P<0.05) 감소를 나타내었다.

Present experiment was designed to investigate the effect of long-term ethanol drinking on the mineral contents on hair, liver, kidney and muscle tissues. Forty-five rats were divided into 2 experimental groups and a control group. The control group received tap water and the other 2 groups 4% and 25% ethanol respectively as drinking source for 28 days. All rats were dissected on the 29th day. Hair, liver, kidney and muscle samples were taken and analyzed for zinc, calcium, copper and magnesium contents by atomic absorption spectrophotometeric method. The results obtained are summrized as follows : 1) The zinc content of muscle in 25% ethanol group showed significant (P<0.01) decrease whereas that of hair in 4% ethanol group showed significant (p<0.1) increase. 2) The calcium content of hair in 4% ethanol group showed significant (p<0.1) increase whereas; that of hair, kidney and muscle in both group showed no significant difference. 3) The copper and magnesium contents of muscle showed significant (p<0.1, p<0.05) decrease in both groups. From these results it may be concluded that the long-term drinking of ethanol affects the mineral content of body tissue.

Choline과 choline esters인 acetylcholine, methacholine, carbachol, bethanechol이 토끼의 적출장관 운동에 미치는 영향과 각 약물의 값을 산출하여 각각 비교를 하였다. Choline은 최대유효농도가 이었으며 은 이었고 값은 2.619이었다. Acetylcholine은 최대유효농도가 이었으며 에서는 거의 효과가 나타나지 않았고 은 이었고 값은 5.154이었다. Methacholine은 최대유효농도가 이었으며 에서는 거의 효과가 나타나지 않았고 은 이었고 값은 6.045이었다. Carbachol은 최대유효농도가 이었으며 에서는 거의 효과가 나타나지 않았고 은 이었고 값은 6.244이었다. Bethanechol은 최대유효농도가 이었으며 에서는 거의 효과가 나타나지 않았고 은 이었고 값은 5.480이었다. Choline esters는 토끼의 적출장관 운동에 대하여 수축을 일으켰으며 각 약물의 potency의 순서는 carbachol이 가장 강하게 나타났고 methacholine, bethanechol, acetylcholine, choline의 순으로 나타났다.

The effects of choline and choline esters(acetylcholine, methacholine, carbachol, bethanechol) on motility of isolated rabbit jejunum segment were examined and values of each drugs were compared. The results were as follows. In choline, there were revealed that maximum effective concentration was , was , and value was 2.619. In acetylcholine, there were revealed that maximum effective concentration was , effect was hardly showin in concentration, was , and value was 5.154. In methacholine, there were revealed that maximum effective concentration was , effect was hardly shown in concentration, was , and value was 6.045. In carbachol, there were revealed that maximum effective concentration was , effect was hardly shown in concentration, was , and value was 6.244. In bethanechol, there were revealed that maximum effective concentration was , effect was hardly shown in concentration, was , and value was 5.480. Choline and choline esters caused contraction on motility of isolated rabbit jejunum segment. The order of values of drugs was carbachol, methacholine, bethanechol, acetylcholine and choline (in the descending order of potency).