Earticle

The noise problem becomes one of the most important criterion with the increasing population density. Especially, the human life environments are seriously damaged with the increasing traffic noises which continuously occur in urban areas where the buildings are closed to the roads and high-speed railroad. And, the superficial and uniformly established soundproof walls becomes one of the elements which hindered the beauty of the cities. Also, the heat island effect and air quality deterioration are becoming seriously. So, the soundproof walls using the eco-friendly elements is demanded, but this soundproof walls is rare in Korea. this study is to develop the excellent performance of the ecotype soundproof walls which can intercept the traffic noise and improve the city environments at the same time. in order to achieve this goal, the current existing soundproof walls were invesigated and a systematic design of an eco-friendly soundproof walls was suggested. Also, computer simulations were undertaken to evaluate the acoustical performances.

Departmentalized class system was first introduced in 2009 as a pilot project and is now in operation at 806 schools representing 15% of the total of 5,383. According to the master plan of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, departmentalized class system will be introduced to all general high schools by 2012 and extended to all general middle-high schools by 2014. Eventually, the system will be introduced to 90% of all schools with the exception only of those having less than 6 classes located in small cities in rural areas. Under departmentalized class system, students need to move from classroom to classroom according to class timetable and areas where students can gather together, lounge around and do other things are required to be provided in addition to department classrooms. This necessitates concerns and support in providing rest and learning support facilities for students. This study has been undertaken to provide architectural data required in planning for rest and learning support facilities for schools operating departmentalized class system, by investigating and analyzing cases of rest and learning support facilities in use at schools operating the system in Chungbuk area. As departmentalized class system is increasingly introduced, rest and learning support facilities should be understood newly as spaces indispensable for students. Also, follow-on studies should be forthcoming continually to address such matters as transit of students, assembly /rest area and learning support facilities at schools adopting departmentalized class system.

Loyalty and filial piety is one of the most important cardinal virtues in every human society. Especially in Korea, throughout the history, those virtues were nationally encouraged and even stipulated. Koreans have regarded such virtues so essentially and they built hundreds of architectural remains to prove its importance. Among them Jeongryeo remains to important facilities of village until present by physical facility which is materialistic different prize. Therefore, in this study, I tried to deduce characteristic of Jeongryeo architecture in Chungbuk Goesan.

The objective of this research is to investigate the energy efficiency of an apartment house with hybrid ventilation system. An actual apartment house in Chungju city was selected and its building data, such as shape, direction, compositions of walls and windows, equipments, and weather data were modeled to find thermal cooling and heating load using E-quest, building energy simulation tool. To verify results of E-quest simulation, the simulation result of annual heating load was compared to the that of web based building energy efficiency evaluation tool. And various 24 hours airflow rate conditions of hybrid ventilation system were calculated using existing equation and weather data. These airflow rate conditions were applied to base simulation model and changes of building energy were studied.

In public building, the convenient facilities for the disabled are more important than any other buildings. Therefor, the public building should be used equality and it in necessary to offer the better quality service for the disabled. However, it is frequently reported that there are not enough accommodations and looks of conveniences for the disabled. This study focus on analyzing the law and investigating the facility situations of public buildings in Chung-ju city.

The installation structure of solar photovoltaic is not yet standardized in most cases and the installation process mainly depends on the constructors' experience and judgement. Also, the researches for installation technique and the evaluation of structural performance are insufficient. Therefore, this study proposes the structural modeling and analysis technique for installation structure, and then evaluates the safety under the deflection and torsion criteria.

Although `Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties' has admitted private ownership of cultural properties, most people want the Publicity of cultural properties in the contemporary city. thus We need new views on the protection of cultural properties to meet the needs of social and personal of cultural properties. we acquire new architecture space, restoration of the Pung-Nab mud wall and new program providing Information to use `Architecturalization'. these will going to revive local community.

The side-effect of the dwelling pattern in block is the communication gap, which is thought to be caused by a borderline, occurred in modern studio towns. While looking for ways to solve the problems of boundary elements, the study suggests a new plan for the block dwelling. In addition, in order to work on the communication gap in such dwelling, the study also forms communicative boundaries between three factors which have a characteristic of communication. The first boundary is referred to as a boundary which is created through a public yard. The place is expected to build up a relationship between residents and other neighbours, as well as to induce the participation of citizens. This boundary is also believed to establish both the territory boundary and the notional boundary at the same time. The second boundary is built upon a public space, which mainly focuses on forming a relationship between residents. The last boundary is the parking space separation which is described along with the mood manipulation from the aspect of landscape. With the physical boundary and the territory boundary applied altogether, the last boundary is used as an additional measure to promote the communication space, rather it is directly involved in meetings and communications between the residents.

Among many other methodologies taken in designing urban and/or residential spaces, the Voronoi diagram methods show huge utility with advantages in free-form deformation processes in terms of their logical and systematic backgrounds. For example, Nodes, Roads and Spaces as the components and concepts utilizing the points, lines (edges) and planes (faces), are used to create different forms and spaces reflecting their uniquely idiosyncratic functions and characteristics. Many related Voronoi concepts, that are utilized in many studies such as Biology, Computer Science and Fashion Design can also be highly utilized in Architectural Design areas. In this paper we suggest a relatively new design methodology to the old existing ones in terms of Voronoi Diagram and its related methodologies to apply in creating new urban spaces by way of zoning and territoriality.

The purpose of the study reduced environmental load and CO2 gas, when the cement was produced, using cement substitutes. It was consisted of blast furnace slag, red mud and silica fume which were industrial byproduct. PVA fiber was set to 5 levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2(%) ect in the low carbon inorganic Composites drawn in the advanced research. The ring floor, setting time, compressive strength, and flexural strength were set to the measure and the experiment was carried out. The experiment was carried out, The liquidity was more and more reduced as the percentage of Reinforced of PVA fiber increased. However this difference indicated the tendency that it represents the slight tendency and the final setting time is reduced in the flocculation test. In the strength test, the compressive strength was lower than Plain with the age on 1st in case of Reinforced PVA fiber. The age showed the compressive strength more than 50MPa From 3 day of agerd. And the flexural strength showed excellently as PVA percentage of dilution increased.

In this paper, heating and cooling degree days were calculated by using weather data of last three decades (1981-2010) for main 19 areas in Korea. And, the method of weighting factor per 10 years was proposed as a method to reflect the impact of temperature rise by global warming and the effects were verified. As results, cooling degree days were increased in most object areas, when the method of weighting factor per 10 years was used. And in all areas, heating degree days were decreased. Especially, in case of Seoul, heating degree days were decreased about 1%.

Recently many efforts have been tried for saving of energy in building. All through the building life cycle, over 80 percent of the energy is known to use in the course of operating stage, and therefore it is very important to save energy in this using stage. The BEMS(Building and Energy Management System), Which is the fruit of the various efforts connecting the conventional building service technologies with the high intelligent technologies, could be proposed for the strong alternative and satisfactory tools for building energy saving. S building has an effect of reduce rates of BEMS average 9.1% to use. And It has an effect of price reduce of 16.8%.

Strategies on coast located cities to cope with sea-level rising are categorized 3 parts, Retreat, Defend, Attack. Among them, Attack Strategy takes advantage of architecture on the water to satisfy spatial requirements. Structures on the sea must avoid both of gradual and radical sea-level rising as well as located on the Megastructure foundation. In this sense, by using Oil Rig, especially expired Rig, Attack Strategy will be able to take an action of sustainable and surely being economically. Now, between Ferry building and Pier1 in San Francisco, California, which is in danger of flooding within 100years, would be a field of this architecture planning site with Jack-up Rig.

In the world with global warming of the ozone layer destruction, energy depletion problem the day be taken seriously in a situation where, recent environmental improvements to overcome the specific alternatives prepared and practices increasingly being implemented, and the energy low consumption buildings beyond the zero-energy building a concept of are shown. In this regard, recent construction of the Main Station in Stuttgart, Germany are zero-energy plans, structural, environmental, and architectural plans are realized by the integration can be called critical cases. This study of the zero-energy plan, Stuttgart 21 Main Station, this historic property affects the space inside were a must evaluate. The results of the study, Stuttgart 21 Main Station of the 'Light Eye' zero-energy plan that incorporates the shell structure of the linear space inside the historic impact on the facilities was confirmed.

Recently the need to activate the remodeling of old apartment housing at the point of becoming involved in the communication between the principal advanced project management techniques to improve the settlement and the introduction of the CM(Construction Management) has been increasing interest and research. CM is an intermediary role between contractors and housing associations in the remodeling project to effectively reflect the needs of members and to improve mutual communication, the contractor and the association easy to overlook the risks and problems by analyzing the success of the business and the smooth will continue to help. Thus, through cooperative efforts among the participating subjects remodeling project to contribute to the successful implementation of improvement measures to address the communication aims of the study. To do this, analysis of existing literature and identify the problems of the remodeling project, and accordingly improvements and effective role by analyzing the effect of CM was investigated for measures. In addition, future studies based on the introduction of CM were derived by applying for improving public housing improvements and renovation process in order to determine the feasibility of remodeling professionals surveyed would like to conduct.

This paper describes a method to replace concrete with strain-hardening cement-based composite (SHCC) in order to mitigate cracking and improve the ductility of the reinforced concrete (RC) members. Specifically, this paper explores the structural application of SHCC in RC beam with high-strength reinforcing bars. The results of tests on four simply supported beams are described. Due to the effects of type of using SHCC, crack width and numbers from first-crack load to ultimate flexural load and the load-deflection relationship of beams are investigated. The results indicate that considerable reduction in the crack width was observed and increased the strain-hardening of SHCC beam.

This study focuses the analysis of status of school facilities and operations for schools with Departmentalized Classroom System to know how to operate effectively. First, diagrams created to recognize that layout and scale of the entire curriculum at once. And the study analizes relevance of the facilities to support with each subject, appropriate size and that the number of rooms and a group created between to Departmentalized Classroom System and support facilities. Resultingly, many schools is operated to Departmentalized Classroom System but they have been stranded on the level to occupying spaces. To expand Departmentalized Classroom System by 2014, The schools should be required that space should be configured to reflect the characteristics of each curriculum centers.

This study aims to provide the design strategies to reuse a closed school by creating new cultural space. This project is designed : the inside and outside are planed by using the concept of Montage, and the space between them is connected by the concept of Sequence that has story-telling. Also, not the inside and outside is each space, but they are organically the continued space combined each other. By using this space, user can experience changing dramatic space according to flow of the time and space in the close school done renovation.

Compressive strength properties of power plant bottom ash-based geopolymer having was examined. The fine structures generated from activation reaction of sodium hydroxide were widely distributed for the factors that exercise an effect on compressive strength of the geopolymer hardening bodies. And also it has shown that it is possible to manufacture geo-polymer hardening bodies having maximum strength of about 60 to 70 MPa with the ranges of Si/Al ratios 2.41 to 2.69 for case of bottom ashes only, 2.84 to 3.46 for case of adding blast furnace slag of 10wt%, and 2.81 to 3.16 for case of adding it of 20wt%.

Difference of hundred chromaticities with difference of quality characteristic by mountain district is appearing greatly in BFS occasion that is manufactured in our country. Product that satisfy regulation of physical characteristics of quality control item slag cement of KS standard is using. This BFS progressed a comparison experiment through alkali stimulant and mixing pulverization process to develop blended cement that hundred chromaticities can replace existing white cement going through high BFS because is presented as the alternative for carbon dioxide reduction of cement industry and satisfy the quality control standard As a result hundred chromaticities in BFS and cement fission state were not satisfied 100%, but could confirm that display good characteristic in compressive strength, brain special quality. Could confirm development possibility of new mixing hundred cement kilns on the whole.

This study concerned masonry construction characteristics of the Bunsachang. Bunsachang was influenced by chinese and western architecture, and includes not many buildings of voluntarily builded building at that times. A portion of masonry was similar to ancient chinese masonry structure, and floor plan have followed the method used to construct chinese storage. Because, practical scientists in the late of chosun dynasty have suggested that chosun must learn from china, and intoroduce their masonry contruction. Also Bunsachang is builded about korean builder who studies chinese architecture,

The inter-relationship between Buddhist thought and Buddhist architecture has not scarcely studied though Buddhist thought underlies every Buddhist architecture. Therefore I studied of the effect of the Pure Land Idea on the Hall of Paradise in Bulguk-sa Temple. To get a specific concept of the Pure Land Idea, I refer to "The Amitayurdhyana Sutra(觀無量壽佛經)".

In this study, we have performed this study to review the affection on property of spalling of high strength concrete according to fiber types and mixed ratio, and also we have evaluated this study with mixing PE fiber and PP fiber and NY fiber (0.15vol；%, 0.25vol；%). As a result, we found that PE fiber`s property of resistence of spalling which spalled in ultra high strength concrete (150MPa, 200MPa) regardless of mixing ratio is lower than PP fiber and NY fiber which prevented to spall in most experiment.

Due to recent environment contamination and resource depletion, the necessity for industrial byproduct processing plan is arising as social issue. Therefore, studies on plain to use vast amount of industrial byproducts BFS, RM, SF, and others as cement admixtures and substitutes are being carried out. In this study, vast amount of Inorganic composite mixed of BFS, RM, and SF and added of alkali activator was replaced as cement substitutes. The experiment plain is to replace Inorganic composite in ratio of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100(%) for the cement plain. Pressure intensity, flowing, setting time and Shrinkage strain was measured as experiment items.

it is purpose. it develop new light-shelf. it can make more than present enviroment. so we will do computer simulation for equal the glare problem, illumination. After verification of the program through the simulation of a circular light-shelf devised the optimal number and optimal height. In addition, seasonal use of the blinds were drawn and height. As a result, average room help seal is improved uniformity ratio of illumination and glare showed reduced symptoms.

In this research study as part of the pattern history, considering the end of second Jusimpo Korea from building the absence of Judu is the proportional system modeling to analyze how its shape is the study of the causes. The study primarily considered as the center of the Three Kingdoms period, prior to construction eternal Judu examines the nature of the relationship between Judu and the Late Koryo Dynasty and Early Choson Dynasty and examined the morphological similarities.

This paper is aimed for historical consideration about significance of change in Jaesils at Royal Tombs between before and after Kukcho-oryeui was financed (after the Imjin war, 1592) especially in regards to the characteristics of the Organization of the architectural builders by analyzing architectural feature, in other words, superficial and thorough characteristics of relatively well-preserved 8dong among Jaesils at Royal Tombs in the latter part of the Josun Dynasty.

During last a few years, abnormal weather change happened throughout the world. And winter became colder than annual years. Because of this, not only the people who live in north of China, but also people in south became interested in heating system. In this paper, problems about heating system was surveyed through the internet on people live in north and south of China. Some improvements for problems was suggested. By adapting the improvements, economic benefits of 141,800 Won was gained per 100 days.

Modified cement is used for the performance recovery of recently built concrete structure. Types of modified cement can largely divided into inorganic and organic material. Although rapid hardening and ultra rapid hardening mortar are used in modified cement for the completion of repair in the shortest time, not many studies related to magnesia phosphate with rapid hardening capacity have been carried out compared to other materials. In this study, the trait of strength for each composition rate of rapid hardening magnesia phosphate was grasped the possibility as new substitute material was examined. Sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and ammonium phosphate added as magnesia phosphate material was mixed with magnesia, fly ash, blast furnace slag, and boric acid to examine the strength, pot life, and the smoothness of the surface.

This thesis investigates the forms and the scales of unified Silla's stone staircases and the stereobates focusing on four historic remains in Gyeong-ju area including the stereobates in Bulguksa, the staircase of Da-bo pagoda, and the stone bridges Cheongungyo, Baekungyo, Yeonhwagyo and Chilbogyo, which lead the way to the center of Bulguksa. The staircases and stereobates of traditional buildings have functional and symbolic characteristics as well as its designing features. However, a few researches have done despite the importance of the staircase and stereobate which are essential to traditional architecture to connect the ground and the building. So, this study developed here provides a framework for a detailed research. The extent of the investigation includes Sachuanwangsaji, Mangdeoksaji, Gameunsaji, and Bulguksa, and Hwangryongsaji from the old Silla period, which exists in Gyeong-ju. Along with the precious studies, the staircases and the streobates are measured and the value of Yeongjo-chuck is deduced.