Earticle

This paperexplores analytic conversational style that the members of a Korean family adopt in spontaneous conversations. By applying the notion of conversational style to that of analysis in a variety of disciplines, it proposes the notion of analytic conversational style applicable to units larger than a proposition. Subsequently, it identifies and explores four forms of such style that emerge and are practiced in spontaneous family discourse. Analytic conversationalists in the data pose persistently repeated questions about the same issue and the gradually unfolding “nuclear-reactor” questions across a long stretch of talk as well as the rapidly-firing “machine-gun” questions. They also make meta-textual comments about a break in topical coherence or about conversational turns out of sequentiality. In addition, they negotiate the causality of an event under discussion and search for reasons. The style leads them to deconstruct the elements in an unfolding conversation, focusing on their intra-relationship rather than on their inter-relationship or associations. In so doing, they as a family attempt to create shared logic as a form of conversational style that is negotiated and practiced in their conversational interactions.

“－的(-teki)”has often been called as an adjective verb in many theses and dictionaries until this time, but it has a unique form of adverbial usage(“-teki+φ +modificand”, “stem form of adverbial usage”) as an adjective verb; an adjective verb usually does not have that form. To find the basis of this difference between “－的(-teki)” and an adjective verb, I inquired into certain words which have the stem form of adverbial usage(“-teki+φ +modificand”) by considering them in connection with their transition in Meiji and Modern Japanese. The results of this analysis are as follows: There is a certain inclining to or a restriction on syntactic usage of “－的 (-teki)”, which is caused by the meaning of its stem. And this inclining or restriction causes the stem form of adverbial usage(“-teki+φ +modificand”). For example, a restriction on syntactic usage of “比較的 Hikaku-teki” is caused by its meaning of stem, “比較Hikaku”, and this restriction consequently leads to its deriving of the stem form of adverbial usage(“-teki+φ+modificand”,e.g.税金が比較的高い). Moreover, there are significant differences in the modificand of word class between above such “比較的Hikaku-teki” which has the stem form of adverbial usage and the other “－的(-teki)” which do not have the stem form of adverbial usage; the former prefers an adjective or an adjective verb to a verb as a modificand, but the latter is quite the reverse. And the former cannot be directly used as a predicate but the latter can be. Finally, if both of them are classified according to nature as an adverb, the former can be classified as a “sentence adverb” but the latter can be classified as a “state adverb.

The following research selected five adjectives of 가엾 다, 딱하다, 불쌍하다, 안쓰럽다, 안타깝다 among 안타깝다-type adjectives of emotion using thesaurus and frequency in order to examine the relations of their co-occurrence nouns by constructing a network of their relations. The target words that were extracted based on the corpus and the degree of relevance of the co-occurrence words were measured by t-score, through which any coincidental results in the relations between the adjectives of emotion and the co-occurrence nouns were excluded. Furthermore, the degree of similarity of the adjectives of emotion was also measured by dividing the relations of the network between the adjectives of emotion and the co-occurrence nouns into the top counts of 10, 30 and 50. As a result, the more co-occurrence words were shared, the higher the degree of similarity was, as consequently, the less co-occurrence words were shared, the lower the degree of similarity was. Concurrently, similarities were discovered in that the adjectives 가엾다, 불쌍하다, 안쓰럽다 primarily co-occurred with nouns related to family such as 'father, mother, husband, wife, younger sibling' while the adjectives 딱하다, 안타깝다 co-occurred with nouns such as 'story, news, circumstance, reality'. This research further examined the aspects and the similarities on how these five adjectives of emotion were used in Korean language textbooks. Given the fact that Korean language textbooks target foreigners, the usage of typical co-occurrence words was expected. However through the research, it was verified that there was a considerable difference in the co-occurrence words from the words that were present on newspapers. One of the reasons for the difference can be related to the fact that we used the corpus from newspaper articles.

This paper is aimed at demonstrating that a panchronic approach to the study of synchronic grammatical units and constructions will lead to more significant linguistic generalizations than a synchronic approach alone can. This will be accomplished by examining a wide variety of synchronic grammatical phenomena and distributions involving the Korean visual perception verb po-. For the analysis of the evolutionary aspects of the phenomena, various putatively universal principles, hypotheses, and constraints, both theoretical and methodological, that have been advanced in the framework of grammaticalization will be extensively referred to.

This paper, by analyzing western place names that appear in Taiyou, the modern mass-education magazine, published through 1895 to 1925, studies how western place name notations, which were yet to be fully consolidated at the time, were disseminated in the aspect of ripple effects of educating the notation of western place names through the use of government-designated kokutei textbooks. The research method is to study the educational ripple effects that were generated by the transition of western place name notations that were shown in Taiyou, the typical general magazine of the era. The second part of the paper briefly summarizes the value of the kokutei textbook and Taiyou as a linguistic research material. The third part examines the education of western place name notations in modern Japanese language by dividing the timeline into pre-kokutei and kokutei period. The next chapter analyzes the transition of notations in Taiyou. Based on the collected data and its analysis, the last chapter studies how the then divided western places name notations were disseminated and completed through loanword notation education in terms of the dissemination of educative effects.

China is a multinational country including Han and other 55 ethnic minority groups. Korean Chinese, with its total population of about 2 million, is one of the minority groups living in China. Among the 2 million of Korean, most of the them live in the North-eastern arean, about 36.6% live in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. Most of the Korean Chinese use Korean language in their daily lives. This paper, with signs, language education, and people’s daily use of language as objectives, investigates how the Korean language is used under the great influence of the Chinese Language.

Syntax in Japanese and Korean shows "striking similarities" especially when we consider that despite various efforts to find the historical link between the two languages any direct connection still is not well established. Such similarities also pertain in the way two nouns (phrases) are combined to form a larger nominal expression. However, when we take a careful look into the distribution and relative frequency of adnominal constructions with particles '-no' and '-ui', we notice an interesting difference between the two languages. Here we report preliminary results of our survey using a small parallel corpus, including that '-no' is used 2.4 times more often than '-ui', which is corroborated with data from larger monolingual corpora. We also discuss some related statistics and implication of the results of this paper.

Since assessing frequency changes in diachronic corpora is a relatively recent practice, there are few agreed-upon statistical methods of how trends in the language use should be statistically detected. This paper introduces the Mann-Kendall trend test as a statistical method for detecting trends in the language use. It is well known that the Mann-Kendall trend test, which has been commonly used in hydro-meteorology but has been recently applied in diachronic corpus linguistics, is simple to interpret statistically, is less sensitive to outliers (data values at the extremes of a group) than other tests, and can cope with missing observations in time series data. This study shows why this statistical test is useful to diachronic corpus linguistics through detecting diachronic trends in the use of Korean conjunctive adverbs from the late 20th to the early 21st century