Earticle

This paper explores synthetic conversational style that the members of a Korean family adopt in spontaneous conversations. Expanding the notion of synthesis in diverse disciplines by incorporating that of conversational style (e.g., Tannen, 1981), it proposes the concept of synthetic conversational style applicable to units larger than a proposition such as a conversation in pursuit for comparable logicality. Subsequently, it identifies and explores five forms of such style that emerge and are practiced in spontaneous family discourse. The synthetic conversationalists in the data adopt mutual revelations, personal topics and stories, constructed dialogues, analogies, and co‐narration and formulaic expressions (cf. Tannen, 1989). The style leads them to unite the elements in an unfolding conversation with relevant extra‐textual information (e.g., their own personal experience, a prior contribution of their interlocutors or co-narrators, etc.), focusing on their inter-relationship or associations rather than their intra-relationship, as analytic conversational style leads them to. In so doing, they as a family demonstrate shared orientation to logicality as a synthetic form of conversational style that is negotiated and practiced in their interactions.

Korea having accepted western civilization from Japan and China largely tended to accept and use the existing translated words rather than producing new words after translating them. The word "大統領ーDaitouryou" does not appear in Chinese literatures, but appear in Japanese literature. But if you think that the word was created based on the Chinese characters ‘統領ーTouryou', you can not deny the effect from China. But the word "大統領ーDaitouryou" is new word originated from Japanese. It was 1881 when Lee Ho-nyeong came in contact with the words "大統領ーDaitouryou", but around 1892 the word settled down in Korea. After that, the Sino -Japanese modern character "大統領ーDaitouryou " settled down as a Korea word as it became a headword in Moon Se yeong'『朝鮮語辞典 Korean dictionary』in 1938. The Sino -Japanese modern character "大統領ーDaitouryou " accepted as a Korean word came to mean a leader elected by people in a democratic state. It has been used in that meaning in Korea. The "大統領ーDaitouryou" appearing in the late of the Shogunate era and the early of Meiji period is not found in Korean-translated Western literature, but it has early settled down as a Japanese word, as it was used in public documents in Chinese characters. It appears that "大統領ーDaitouryou" used in the Japan- U.S. Patron Treaty was the origin in the use. The "大統領ーDaitouryou" in Korea first appeared in 『日槎集略-Iisajipryak』in 1881 and was found in annals, textbooks, dictionaries, newspapers, gazettes, etc. Given the fact that gazettes were used to officially record government policies and legislation, "大統領ーDaitouryou" was introduced to Korea in 19th century, and has been officially used. But as Korea was a royal regime in 19th century, it was mainly used to understand foreign culture. But as a presidency was carried out in 1948, the word was used in earnest and settled down.

The purpose of this paper is to explore downstep issues in intonation of English. At first, downstep was taken from African tone languages. Downstep, upstep, stylized tone were accepted to establish intonational phonology convention. In intonational phonology downstep is taken as compressed tone in association with bitones in pitch accent and high phrase accent . But in ToBI system, downstep is taken as a tonal event that is independent of bitones and high phrase accent. This different conventions lead to different analysis and interpretation on the same tonal event. In this paper I explore these various issues and argue the need to unify the conventions.

This manuscript, researched on the issues of derivations through the [attribution] of “Expertise” between modern Korean and Japanese linguistics mainly based on the suffix of expressing people. The results are as followed from the examination which became clear. 1. “~sa(師)/~shi(師)”is defined as the base that holds the attribution towards “X ”which could be indicated as the meaning of the suffix of the persons occupation. However, this attribution does not express affirmative nature at its extent, but negative character as well. Through this research, the derivative of modern Korean and Japanese linguistics such as “~sa(師)/~shi(師)”would be a minor use of recent occupations showing an aspect of expression change. 2. In comparison between “~sa(師)/~shi(師)”and“~sa(士)/~shi(士)”, “~sa(士)/~shi(士)” indicates rather specific meanings. Hence, the [nature] of “~sa(士)/~shi(士)”is figured to be located a rank below “~sa(師)/~shi(師)”. However, it is understood through this research that recent derivatives of “~sa(士)/~shi(士)” is active towards participation of word formation. This shows that the attribution of “~sa(師)/~shi(師)”holds “Expertise” of “Occupation” as “~sa(士)/~shi(士)” in modern use holds the attribution of two meanings which is “Occupation” and “Qualification”. 3. The “Expertise” that “~za(者)/~sya(者)”holds is located in the attribution which will be “[Independency]”. Therefore, it is considered from the affix change of“~in(人)/~nin(人)”which “Person” will be the original source and with “~za(者)/~sya(者)”combined, it will conduct “[A Person with Expertise holding Independency]”. 4. The “Expertise” that “~ga(家)/~ka・ke(家)” holds is located in the attribution which will be “Occupation” and “Qualification”. This holds a similar nature between “~sa(師)/~shi(師)”, “~sa(士)/~shi(士)”.

This paper aims to research how the modern translated words of Tethugakujii , the Japanese first philosophy dictionary compiled from 1881 to 1912, were accepted and settled in the Japanese general society. The research is focused on the time when the basic vocabulary was included in the national(Kokutei) textbooks which had been published from 1903 to 1948. First, in chapter 2, the value of Tetugakujii as a linguistic material is summarized and the existing studies are reviewed, and the main issue of this paper is suggested. In chapter 3, among the modern translated words of Tetugakujii, the words which were included in national textbooks are analyzed. In chapter 4, on the base of the collected data, the process in which the modern translated words mainly accepted to intellectual persons became established as the educational basic vocabulary for the general public is discussed. In chapter 5, the generalization process of the vocabulary through the education is examined. Finally, chapter 6 suggests the conclusion.

This paper aims to compare the meanings of sweet-taste adjectives in Korean, German and English. According to previous studies, it is well-known that sweet-taste adjectives show the highest frequency in usages among various taste adjectives. This paper is based on the assumption that the expressions of taste adjectives may reflect the cultural and linguistic characteristics of speakers because taste adjectives are closely related to the food life which is one of the important aspects of the human culture. In this paper, first, the morphological and semantic characteristics of Korean, German and English sweet-taste adjectives are surveyed, and various expressions with sweet-taste adjectives are observed and analyzed with concrete examples in contexts of each language. In particular, the various aspects of the meaning shift and meaning extension are intensively examined.

This study aims to review newspaper articles presented as reading materials in Korean textbooks and check whether those materials have the typicality for the genre, further to suggest ways for developing reading materials. Reading materials should be carefully selected in a way to satisfy the typicality standards since developing a typical text in terms of its formal structure is one of the essential elements in activating students' formal schema and improving their comprehension. However, in many cases, this principle is not strictly observed in selecting or developing reading materials for Korean textbooks. Based on this recognition, this research analyzed the newspaper articles and compared their formal text typicality and the structural features to those of the materials presented in current Korean textbooks. The comparison was made on the basis of two external formal factors (article layout, author's information) and three internal formal factors (headline format, text structure, & style of writing). Among the reading materials in Korean textbooks, newspaper articles were selected and the structural difference between real ones were revealed. These results will be utilized in developing or modifying Korean textbook's reading materials and contribute to making Korean learners better understand discourse/structural characteristics of Korean language.