Earticle

본 연구는 국악사전에 수록된 풍류음악관련 내용을 검토하고 온라인 사전으로 통합 및 확장시 보존과 보완되어야 할 사항을 제언하는 것이 목적이다. 풍류음악은 특성상 조선시대 이후 적층되면서 현재에 전하는 음악으로 형성되었고, 적층과정에서 파생곡을 낳았다. 따라서 매시기 적절한 콘텐츠의 직관적 제시는 필수적이다. 고악보의 경우, 자료는 내용에 부합하는 부분을 직접적으로 제시해야 사적 변천 및 고유성 확립의 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 현대악보로 역보된 경우, 사전의 내용을 체계화 하는 것을 바탕으로, 연결된 악보를 세계인이 이해할 수 있도록 정비할 필요성이 있다. 오선보로 역보될 수 있는 한국음악이라면 세계인이 이해할 수 있도록 해석 가능해야 한다. 기타 악곡의 파생관계와 같이 양측의 쟁점이 여전히 풀리지 않고 있는 경우에는 두곡의 관계를 ‘인과 관계’로 정리하기 보다는 ‘상관 관계’로 정리하고 이의 근거나 출처를 밝혀주는 것이 필요하다. 자료의 통합방법에 있어서는 각 저자별로 중점이 다르기 때문에 포함한 내용에서도 차이가 있다. 이때 통합의 기준은 음악사전이라는 목적에 맞게 음악 내용을 중심으로 점층적 그리고 확산형 서술방식을 택하는 것이 바람직하다. 객관적 자료를 제공하고 통합한 일원화된 사전은 우리나라 음악이 차후 유네스코 세계유산으로 등재 시 심사 및 사후 관리에 있어서도 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to review the contents of the Korean traditional music dictionary and suggest matters to be preserved and supplemented when integrating and expanding online dictionaries. Pungryu music was formed as a music that was later stacked in the Joseon Dynasty and was transmitted to the present, resulting in derivative songs during the process of stacking. Therefore, intuitive presentation of appropriate content every time is essential. In the case of ancient scores, the data should be presented directly in accordance with the content to be used as data for the establishment of private transformation and uniqueness. If it is reversed to staff notations, it is necessary to organize the contents of the dictionary so that people around the world can understand the connected music. If it is Korean music that can be reputed as a staff notation, it should be interpretable so that people around the world can understand it. And, if the issues between the two sides, such as the derivative relationship of other music, are still unresolved, it is necessary to organize the relationship between the two songs into a "correlation" rather than a "causation" and reveal their grounds or sources. There are also differences in the data integration method, as each author has a different focus. At this time, it seems desirable to choose a step-by-step and diffusion-type narrative method based on the music contents according to the purpose of the music dictionary. The unified dictionary, which provides objective data and integrates, will also help Korean music to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in the future.

Within the broader context of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), the quest for reliable and scalable visual segmentation methods poses significant challenges, particularly in autonomous driving, where real-world scene complexity requires advanced solutions. To address data scarcity and improve segmentation performance, we propose a novel unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) approach that enhances target domain learning. Our method introduces multiple perturbations consistency, leveraging spatial context within the target domain to improve recognition. By applying perturbations at input and feature levels and using a consistency loss, we enhance contextual learning. Additionally, a weight mapping technique reduces the impact of detrimental source domain information. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms baseline methods on the GTAV->Cityscapes and SYNTHIA->Cityscapes datasets.

In visual robot place recognition (VPR), a scene graph is a rich scene model that can describe the complex contexts in a scene such as the relationships between various types of visual contents including appearance, space, and semantics. However, training an efficient scene graph classifier is not straightforward. Existing approaches typically rely on exhaustive matching between query and database graphs and are not scalable to large-size VPR problems. Our research is motivated by a recent development of the graph convolutional neural network (GCN) as an efficient and discriminative classifier for graph data, and it aims to explore the potential of the GCN as a scene graph classifier. However, unlike several existing GCN applications, no valid scene graph descriptor for a GCN classifier on noisy scene data exists. To address this issue, herein, we propose to train the GCN model in a teacher-to-student knowledge transfer scheme by employing an existing state-of-the-art single-view VPR system as the teacher model. The proposed approach is implemented within a practical VPR framework by combining the best of the following three independent fields: multimodal information retrieval, rank matching, and similarity-based pattern recognition. Experiments using the public NCLT dataset validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Recognizing anomalies in surveillance is crucial for public safety to identify events that deviate from normal patterns. Visual information is essential for effective anomaly recognition; however, audio data can enhance recognition accuracy by providing additional context. Despite this, existing systems only utilize visual information, overlooking the potential of audio modalities in anomaly recognition. This paper introduces a multi-modal framework for anomaly recognition through active learning, integrating audio and visual modalities to enhance anomaly prediction. The framework extracts features using a pretrained ResNet-50 convolutional neural network (CNN) model from the visual and audio data. The extracted features are then forwarded to the Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network for temporal feature learning. These features are then fused and fed into a classification layer for final prediction. The proposed framework's performance is assessed on a benchmark dataset and yields promising results.

In recent years, vision sensors are widely used to mobile robot for navigation or exploration. The analog signal transmission of visual data being used in this area, however, has some disadvantages including noise weakness in view of the data storage. A large amount of data also makes it difficult to use this method for a mobile robot. In this paper, a digital data compressing technology based on MPEG4 which substitutes for analog technology is proposed to overcome the disadvantages by using DWT(Discreate Wavelet Transform) instead of DCT(Discreate Cosine Transform). The TI Company's DSP chip, TMS320C6711, is used for the image encoder, and the performance of the proposed method is evaluated by PSNR(Peake Signal to Noise Rates), QP(Quantization Parameter) and bitrate.

[목적] 본 연구는 시각적 자료를 통한 이미지 트레이닝이 골퍼의 퍼팅 방향성인 패스(path) 및 페이스앵글(face angle)에 미치는 영향을 실험을 통해 파악하여 효과적인 퍼팅 수행능력 향상방법 제시에 그 목적이 있다. [방법] 본 연구는 서울 소재 K대학교 내 골프분석실의 인조매트에서 퍼팅 측정 장비인 퀸틱(Quintic Ball Roll v4.4 Research System)을 사용하여 KPGA 또는 KLPGA 이상의 프로골퍼 10명과 핸디캡 18-27의 아마추어 골퍼 10명을 대상으로 측정한 후, 결과로 도출된 데이터를 SPSS 21.0을 사용하여 실험 처치에 따른 사전·사후와 집단 내 차 이를 확인하였다. [결과] 시각적 자료를 통한 이미지 트레이닝이 골퍼의 퍼팅 방향성에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보 니, 프로골퍼의 경우 시각적 자료를 통한 이미지 트레이닝 여부가 퍼팅의 방향성에 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 아마추어 골퍼의 경우에는 유의미한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. [결론] 따라서 아마추어 골퍼의 경우 퍼팅 연습 시 시각적 자료를 활용한 이미지 트레이닝을 하는 것이 퍼팅의 방향성을 개선하고 궁극 적으로 스코어를 개선하는데 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to suggest an effective putting performance improvement method by grasping the effect of image training through visual data on the path and face angle, which are the putting directions of golfers. [Method] For this study, an experiment was conducted by 10 professional golfers with KPGA or KLPGA or higher and 10 amateur golfers with a handicap of 18-27. After measuring using a putting measurement device, Quintic Ball Roll v4.4 Research System, the resulting data were checked before and after the experimental treatment and intra-group differences using SPSS 21.0. [Result] When analyzing the effect of image training through visual data on the putting direction of golfers, it was found that professional golfers did not show a significant difference in the putting direction, but in the case of amateur golfers’ results were markedly improved with a significant difference and direction. [Conclusion] Therefore, when practicing putting by amateur golfers, the practice through image training will have a positive effect on improving the direction of putting and ultimately improving the score,

Spatiotemporal data are records of the spatial changes of moving objects over time. Most data in corporate databases have a spatiotemporal nature, but they are typically treated as merely descriptive semantic data without considering their potential visual (or cartographic) representation. Businesses such as geographical CRM, location-based services, and technologies like GPS and RFID depend on the storage and analysis of spatiotemporal data. Effectively handling the data analysis process may be accomplished through spatiotemporal data warehouse and spatial OLAP. This paper proposes a multidimensional model for spatiotemporal data analysis, and cartographically represents the results of the analysis.

1999년 「공공기관의기록물관리에관한법률」이 제정되고 난 후 10년이 지난 현재, 기록관리에 대한 관심은 공공분야에서 문화예술분야로 점차 넓어지고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 문화예술분야 기록의 중요성에 대한 인식이 부족하여 정보의 산재, 기록의 유실 등이 빈번하게 일어나고 있다. 하나의 예로, 국내의 많은 문화재는 정확한 매매계약이나 증여증서가 없어 이를 추적하기가 매우 어려운 현실이고, 이러한 문화예술 창작품은 도굴이나 비공개 경매, 공식적이지 않은 유통경로를 통해 떠돌아다니고 있다. 문화예술 창작품은 그 나라의 문화수준을 반영하기에, 유통경로를 아는 것은 그 나라의 문화수준을 가늠하는 척도가 된다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제점에서 출발하였다. 경제의 성장과 문화예술에 대한 관심의 증대로 시각예술작품에 대한 중요성 인식이나 가치를 인정하는 사회가 되었으나, 작품에 대한 미적가치만을 앞세우는 작품만능주의 팽배로 시각예술작품의 맥락을 보여주거나 사회와의 소통 과정에서 생산된 기록정보들은 도외시 되었다. 문화예술 선진국에 비하여 국내에서는 유명 작가에 관한 기록, 작품에 녹아 있는 철학 담론에 대한 기록정보들은 흔히 찾아볼 수 없다. 작품을 전시하고 난 후 생산된 기록정보 또한 전시에 앞서 홍보자료나 참고자료로만 이용될 뿐 이를 남기려는 노력은 부족하다. 이에 시각예술기록정보에 대한 중요성을 인식하고, 후대에 예술사적 가치뿐만 아니라 역사적 가치를 전해주기 위해 체계적인 관리가 필요하다고 판단하였다. 최근 시각예술작품이나 시각예술기록정보가 전자적으로 생산된 것이 아니라 하더라도, 작품이나 기록에 대한 관리는 모두 기관의 시스템에서 이루어지고 있기 때문에 메타데이터는 체계적 관리의 필수적인 방안이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 시각예술기록정보의 특성을 반영한 다중 엔티티 데이터모델 설계로 시각예술기록을 체계적으로 관리하려 하였다. 메타데이터는 기록이 입수되는 시점부터 관리, 보존 및 활용되는 기록의 모든 과정에서 필요로 한다. 시각예술기록은 객체, 행위주체, 업무, 규정 등과 유기적인 관계를 가질 때 그 가치가 풍부해지진다. 시각예술기록정보 관리를 위한 다양한 맥락정보는 다양한 엔티티들과 함께 관계를 맺는 다중 엔티티 모델로 설계되어야 관리의 효율성이 높아지고, 기록정보에 대한 설명성 또한 높아진다. 때문에 이들을 각자 독립적인 엔티티로 설계하고, 이들의 관계를 지정해주는 방식으로 데이터모델을 설계하여 체계적으로 시각예술기록정보를 관리할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 하였다.

Interests in archives management are getting expanded from the public sector into the cultural and artistic field for the ten years after legislation of 「Act on the Management of Public Archives」in 1999. However, due to lack of recognition on the importance of archives in the cultural and artistic field, it is rather frequent that information is kept scattered or archives are lost. As an example, absence of precise contract documents or notes of bestowal keeps people from locating great amount of cultural properties, and because of it these creative properties are in the risk of thefts, the closed-door auctioning, or trades in unofficial channels. As how a nation manages cultural and artistic creation inside the nation reflects its cultural level, it can be said that one of the indexes to notice the extent of a nation’s cultural level is to take a look at how they are circulated. This study started from this point. Growing economy and rising interests in culture and art made the society more cognizant of the importance and value that visual artworks have, but the archives and information which are showing the context of these artworks and are produced in the course of social interaction are relatively disregarded because too much emphasis lies on the work itself. It is harder to find archives or documentations in Korea than in other advanced countries about the artists themselves or philosophical discourse on the background of the artworks. There is not so much interest to preserve the archives and information produced after the exhibition also, and they are used for no more than promotion or reference. Hereupon, the researcher recognized the importance of visual arts archives and believed that systemic management on them are high in need. And metadata is an essential way for the systemic management, as recently management on artworks or their archives are conducted using the system of the agencies even though they are not produced electronically. The objective of this study is to manage visual arts archives systematically by designing a data model reflecting traits of visual arts archives. Metadata are needed in the every course of archives from acquisition to management, preservation and application. Visual arts archives find its rich value only when a systemic relationship is established among information on artist, artwork and events including exhibition. By establishing a Multiple Entity Data Model, in which artworks, artists and events (exhibitions) make relationship all together, metadata for management on visual arts archive gets more efficiency and at the same time explanatory trait of the archive gets higher. For this reason we, in the study, tried to design a data model by setting each as an independent entities and designating relations between them, in order to find a way to manage visual arts archives more systematically.

기업들은 핵심고객에게 최상의 서비스를 제공하기 위해 고객세분화 노력을 경주하고 있다. 세분화에 사용되는 고객 정보의 80%는 지리적 테이터이다. 지리적 테이터를 효과적으로 분석하여 활용한다면, 서비스 극대화를 위한 전략을 향상 시킬 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 지리적 분석이 가능하도록 특별하게 설계된 다차원모델을 구현하였고, 이렇게 만들어진 데이터마트를 활용하여 디지털 지도상에 다양한 패턴정보를 시각적으로 표현하였다. 또한 RFM 분석을 통하여 고객을 세분화 하였으며, 세분화된 고객군을 활용하여 지리적 특성을 발견을 하고자 시각적 분석을 실시하였다. 연구의 현장감과 향후 활용 가능성을 높이기 위해 농산물 인터넷 쇼핑몰인 H기업의 2008년 10월부터 2009년 9월까지의 1년간 판매데이터를 사용하였다.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has differentiated technologies such as artificial intelligence, IoT(Internet of things), big data, and mobile. As the civilization develops more and more, humanity enjoy the cultural activities more than economic activity for the food and shelter. The platform structure based on the advanced information technology of the present will expand the cultural contents area in a variety of ways. Cultural contents respond sensitively to changes in consumer and will be useful experiences of human activities. Therefore, it should be noted again that the contents industry should not be limited to the discussion of the application of the fourth technology, but should be produced with emphasis on useful experiences of human being. In other words, the discussion of human activities around cultural contents should be focused on how to apply beyond the use of fourth industrial technology. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the basis of the successful storytelling of the planning stage to connect the fourth industrial technology and human useful experience as a method for developing cultural contents, and to build and propose a model as a strategic method. This study analyzes domestic and foreign cases made by using big data among the visual contents which show continuous increase of consumption among culture industry field, and draws success factors and limit points. Next, we extract what is the successful matching factor that influenced consumer ’s consciousness, and find out that the structure of culture prototype has been applied in the long history of mankind, and presents it as a storytelling model. Through the above research, this study aims to present a new interpretation and creative activity of cultural contents by presenting a storytelling model as a methodology for connecting creative knowledge, away from the general interpretation of social phenomenon applied with big data.

This study aims to examine how the characteristics of ‘Jagal Madang’ brothel, located at 3 Dowon-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu, are manifested in its architectural space by reappearing a specific building in the brothel. To achieve this, various data sources including photographs, blueprints, newspaper articles, oral histories from sex workers, and in-depth interviews with relevant experts were cross-verified to reconstruct the architectural and spatial elements of the building. The Conclusion is as follows; First, the brothel was characterized by an extremely closed structure, with very low accessibility, primarily limited to internal individuals and law enforcement officials. Second, the spatial layout displayed a lack of planning, driven by the goal of maximizing the number of individual rooms for prostitution. Third, the interior space was organized around the needs of visitors, which weakened the livability for sex workers and reinforced their psychological isolation. Fourth, the presence of gender-biased items and interior decorations reflected a distorted portrayal of femininity. Additionally, the study identified differences in room composition and business operations based on the district’s location and whether illegal extensions or renovations had been made. This research is significant as it represents the first study of the architectural space of a brothel in Korea, offering alternative approaches for data networking and data set construction that could aid in the reconstruction and restoration of lost architectural spaces.

본 연구에서는 영상 광고에서 흔히 활용되는 3B(Beast(동물), Baby(아기), Beauty(미인) 요소 가 광고의 주목도와 정서 반응을 실질적으로 유발하는 지를 인지심리학적 실험과 설문 조사를 통해 확인하였다. 먼저 실험에서는 18명의 참여자에게 3B 요소가 포함된 광고 18건(3B 요소당 6건)을 시청하게 하면서 뇌파와 안구 운동을 동시에 측정한 후 광고 내 3B 요소에 안구 가 고정되었을 때와 기타 영역에 안구가 고정되었을 때의 안구 운동 특성(동공 직경)과 뇌파 특 성(전두엽 알파 비대칭성(FAA))을 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 3B 요소 중 Baby(아기) 요소에서 만 유의미하게 동공 직경 크기가 크고 광고 태도가 높았다. 이는 3B 요소 중 아기가 시각적 주 의를 유인하고, 광고에 대한 호의적인 태도를 형성할 수 있게 하는 데에 가장 효과적임을 시사한 다. 궁극적으로 이러한 결과는 3B 요소의 주목도와 정서 반응에 대해 보다 과학적인 검증 기법 인 생리 반응 데이터와 설문 데이터를 복합적으로 수집, 해석하는 연구 패러다임의 가치를 입증 함으로써 3B 요소 활용 전략 수립을 위한 융합 연구의 방향을 제시하였다는 의의를 가진다.

This study aimed to examine whether the 3B elements commonly used in video advertisements—Beast, Baby, and Beauty —effectively elicit attention and emotional responses. To this end, we employed both cognitive psychological experiments and survey methods. In the experiment, 18 participants watched 18 video advertisements containing 3B elements (six per element type), during which their EEG and eye movements were simultaneously recorded. We then compared eye-tracking measurement (pupil diameter) and EEG characteristics (frontal alpha asymmetry; FAA) depending on whether participants' gaze was fixed on the 3B element or on other areas of the advertisement. The analysis revealed that only the Baby element led to a significantly larger pupil diameter and higher advertisement attitude scores. These findings suggest that among the 3B elements, Baby element is the most effective in attracting visual attention and inducing favorable advertisement attitudes. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the value of a convergent research paradigm that combines physiological data and self-reported measures to scientifically validate the effects of 3B elements on attention and emotional response. It also provides meaningful insights for establishing more effective advertising strategies utilizing 3B elements.

This paper describes the core functional components and a visualization module implementation process of visual data mining technology prototype system. The first part introduces the implementation technology of visual data mining technology prototype system and then describes the overall design of the architecture and features of visual data mining technology prototype system; Then paper describes the common components in the visualization of data mining technology prototype system. Research achievements of this article provides a useful reference to optimize visual data mining techniques.

Based on intelligent visual information and 5G, this paper studies the intelligent visual communication of landscape bamboo buildings, and provides a new method of intelligent perception and interactive computing for the real world, which can represent, model, Perception and cognition; through the integration of virtual and real, the situational understanding of the human-machine-material fusion environment and the interaction with nature. The 5G network can well meet the combination of high-bandwidth uplink transmission and low-latency downlink control. At the same time, 5G-based AR intelligent inspection, remote operation and maintenance guidance, and machine vision inspection. Taking the bamboo building as an example, through field inspections to analyze tourism Bamboo buildings before and after development, and the intelligentization of bamboo buildings based on 5G and visual modeling.

How to protect the secret digital images is an important issue in commercial or military application. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for secure still visual data with a block cipher structure, which is composed of three parts: encryption, decryption and key generator. The encryption process based on cryptographic primitive operations and Boolean functions is proposed. A key generator based on one-way coupled map lattice (OCML) is derived. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed cipher has satisfactory security with a low cost, which makes it a potential candidate for encryption of multimedia data such as images, audios and even videos.

Data encryption is a vital application to ensure security in open networks like internet. Image is widely used for various purposes and one of the most popular formats of data on the web. Different image encryption algorithms are proposed so far to generate encrypted image so that it is so difficult make prediction of pixels value by attackers. This paper proposes a new framework for image encryption, a layer based method combining some most efficient image encryption algorithms. It is tried to take all encryption concerns into consider, achieve highest possible level of security while cost is already acceptable. The proposed method provides different security level to blocks of varied significance in image to consume less computational resources. Various analysis and experiments such as histogram, correlation coefficient, entropy, and computational time revealed that significant promotion in security has been achieved without compromising on the computational time.

This plan explores the marketing potential for the use of Big Data along with visual analytics in neonatal intensive care units. The goal of this technology is to provide more efficient and streamlined data collection and display methods for an extremely vulnerable segment of the population. The applicability of this technology is explored through various business models which address the short, medium, and long term marketing goals, such as SWOT, TOWS, and a Strategic Road Map. The results provide strong support for potential market application in Korea as well as abroad.

In the past few years, microblogging websites have evolved to become a source of varied kind of information. Twitter is a popular microblogging website where users create short status messages called ‘tweets’. In this paper, we present a state-of-the art model trained using a support vector machine with Bag-Of-Words and TF-IDF features for each tweet. The proposed model provides a visual and an auditory representation of the sentiments that the tweets have been classified into. The results show a state-of-the art performance achieved by the model with a F1 measure of 77.47 and an accuracy of 77.93% which is better than the existing models.

본 연구는 컴퓨터를 활용하여 동적이며 직관적인 시각화 자료를 활용하여 실험에 참가한 고등학교 학생들의 수열 개념에 대해서 수열의 합 공식에 대해 귀납 추론으로 공식을 학생 스스로가 추론할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 했다. 학생들은 스스로가 수열의 합 공식을 사용하지 않고 귀납 추론으로 공식을 유도할 수 있음을 보았다. 또한 무한급수에서의 무한의 오개념인 잠재적 무한의 개념을 가진 학생들이 본 실험 자료로 학습을 하였을 때에 무한의 올바른 개념인 실 무한의 개념을 이해하는데 도움을 주는지에 대하여 연구를 하였는데 실험에 참가한 실험 학생들은 잠재적 무한 개념을 가지고 있었고 동적이고 직관적인 시각화 자료를 가지고 수업 후 실 무한의 개념으로의 변화가 있었다. 이들 학생들은 또한 컴퓨터를 활용하여 동적이고 직관적인 시각화 자료에 대해서 매우 흥미를 느꼈고, 수학에 대한 태도에도 영향을 주었다.

This study investigated how high school students predict the rule, the sum of sequence for the concept of sequence, for the given patterns based on inductive approach using computers that provide dynamic functions and materials that are visual. Students for themselves were able to induce the formula without using the given formula in the textbook. Furthermore, this study examined how these technology and materials affect students' understanding of the concept of actual infinity for those who have the concept of the potential infinity which is the misconception of infinity in a infinity series. This study shows that students made a progress from the concept of potential infinity to that of actual infinity with technology and materials used I this study. Students also became interested in the use of computer and the visualized materials, further there was a change in their attitude toward mathematics.