Earticle

이 연구는 교직적성․인성검사의 측정학적 특성을 재점검하고 이를 근거로 교직양성과정별 대안을 탐색하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 교직 적성․인성 검사가 모든 예비교사를 대상으로 실시된다는 점에서 예비유아교원도 그 대상이 되지만, 타당화 집단이 아니었기에 이 집단을 대상으로 측정학적 특성을 재점검해 볼 필요가 대두되기 때문이다. 이를 위하여 교직 적성·인성검사 및 전임교수의 적격 여부를 측정하였다. 교차분석, 판별분석, 로지스틱회귀분석으로 분석한 결과에 의하면 교직 적성․인성검사는 전임교수의 적격성 여부와 큰 차이를 보였다. 또한 교직 적․인성검사는 대학생인성검사와 낮은 상관관계를 나타내고 있다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 현행의 교직 적․인성검사의 대안을 제시하고, 학교급별 예비교사의 적성․인성에 대한 측정 도구 및 측정 방법 등에 대해 논의하였다.

As the necessity for the education to enhance teaching aptutude-personility is being a important on educational practice. Many school systems are beginning to utilize aptitude testing as part of the pre-service teacher process. An aptitude test is designed as a psychologically based series of questions and answers that gives the hiring school a better understanding of how a teacher thinks, or how they will behave in any contextual situation. So it can be an important task to test for pre-service teachers. The purpose of this study was to examine the appropriateness of the ‘teaching aptitude-personality test for pre-service teachers' of the Ministry of Education and to propose alternative modification of th test. In this study, 120 pre-service early childhood teachers enrolled in three-year colleges took the teaching aptitude test & professors observation results. The results of this study were as follows. First, the predictive validity of the test were not verified through the professors observation results. There are very differ test from professors observation results. Seconds, from the results logistic regression analysis and discriminant analysis, there are important variable was differ for pre-service kindergarten teachers. Results of this study showed that the overall differ ‘teaching aptitude-personality test for pre-service teachers' from ‘pre-service kindergarten teachers' Because of this, determining a teacher’s aptitude can vary greatly based on the specifics of each teaching job. In this Study, suggests many alternative methods for ‘teaching aptitude-personality test for pre-service kindergarten teachers'.

이 연구에서는 효과적인 학습지도와 상담에 필요한 학습저해요인을 종합적으로 진단할 수 있는 도구를 개 발하여 그 측정학적 특성을 분석하고자 하였고, 검사결과 확인된 저해요인들이 성별, 학년, 성취도에 따라 차이가 있는지를 알아보았다. 먼저 선행연구들을 통해 초등학교 저학년 학생들의 학습저해요인 진단 영역 의 틀을 마련한 뒤 요인들의 항목을 범주화하고 예비검사를 개발, 실시하였고, 초등학교 2∼3학년이라는 대상의 특성을 고려하여 교사의 관찰을 통해 확인할 수 있는 학습저해요인과 학생의 자기보고를 통해 확 인할 수 있는 학습요인을 보완적으로 사용하였다. 개발된 문항으로 실시한 예비검사 결과 요인들의 신뢰 도는 양호한 편으로 나타났고, 거의 모든 문항이 성적의 차이를 잘 구분해주고 있음을 발견하였다. 선별기 준에 맞지 않는 문항들을 제거, 수정한 뒤 본검사를 실시한 결과 학습저해요인 중 위험요소를 가장 잘 드 러낼 수 있는 환경위기, 특수지원필요, 학습태도문제, 학습기능미흡과 아동인지능력의 다섯 개 영역이 구 분됨을 알 수 있었다. 분석 결과 특수지원필요, 학습태도문제, 학습기능미흡의 영역에서 모두 남학생의 평 균이 유의하게 높았고, 학년간의 차이는 아동인지능력을 제외하고는 나타나지 않았다. 마지막으로 성적에 따른 학습저해요인의 평균차이는 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나, 개발된 진단도구가 학습부진을 진단 하는데 주요한 문항들로 구성되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a scale for learning hinderance factors among the lower graders in elementary school. We also examined whether gender, grade, and the level of performance can be significantly different in terms of factors identified from the study. 836 elementary 2nd- and 3rd- grade students and their teachers responded the developed items for validation. A 60-item scale was constructed from a theoretical model of five factors. Learning environment, need for special education, lack of learning skills, motivational problem, and lack of basic cognitive skills were major factors that can hinder students’ learning. We conducted reliability testing to ascertain the internal consistency (using Cronbach’s alpha), inter-item and item-total correlation. Most scales were found to be reliable in terms of their psychometric properties. Gender, grade, and the levels of performance were found to be significant in most of the learning hinderance factors. Boys tended to have higher means in the need for special education, lack of learning skills, and motivational problem. The level of students’ performance (measured by students’ achievement of teacher report) was significantly different in all of the five factors of learning hinderance. Students who performed well in school were less likely to have problems in learning. Practical implications for school counseling were discussed.

Due to recent demographic changes, employees from diverse generations now work together in organizations. Thus, there is a need for research on intergenerational cooperation. However, the lack of valid and reliable measures to capture intergenerational climate in the workplace is an obstacle to research. Therefore, we translated the Workplace Intergenerational Climate Scale(WICS) into Korean and validated it with a sample of 1,052 Korean full-time employees. Firstly, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis by using sample 1(N = 460) and revealed a five-factor solution. Secondly, the confirmatory factor analysis(sample 2; N = 592) showed a good model fit of the correlated five-factor model. Thirdly, the scale’s discriminant and convergent validity was supported by negative correlations with four types of existing ageism scales and by positive correlations with trust, organizational commitment, work engagement, psychological safety, intention to remain, job satisfaction, and communication satisfaction. Moreover, it further demonstrated significant incremental validity in predicting positive outcome variables even when controlling for pre-existing agism scales. Lastly, we confirmed strict measurement invariance of the scale between the age groups(below 40 versus above 40). The findings support the reliability and validity of the Korean version of WICS among Korean employees. The scale will be broadly applied to measure intergenerational climate of organizations and provide practical implications for HR management.

Purpose: This study was done to develop an instrument to measure the work environment in nursing homes and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: Instrument development was conducted in three phases: development of the initial questionnaire, content validity and pilot-testing, and construct validity and reliability testing. Participants were 184 nurses from 62 nursing homes in South Korea. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and examination of internal consistency were used to verify the psychometric properties of the instrument. Results: The final model derived from the factor analysis yielded 27 items across five domains: nurses’ participation in nursing home affairs; well-defined scope of practice; nurse managers’ ability, leadership, and support of nurses; staff and resource adequacy; and communication and coordination. The fit indices in the confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable. Total Cronbach’s ? was .93 (sub-domains ranged .77~.88). Conclusion: The results indicate that the selected items are suitable for measuring the work environment of nursing homes in South Korea. This instrument may be useful in nursing home-related research and may be used to improve the health outcomes of older adults in nursing homes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the modified research utilization questionnaire (MRUQ) and to establish its content and face validity, construct validity, and reliability. Methods: This study has a multiphase (three phases), methodological, and cross-sectional design. First, research utilization questionnaire (RUQ) was translated into Italian, which is the target language to develop the M-RUQ. Second, the RUQ psychometric proprieties were assessed using exploratory factorial analysis to identify ambiguous or problematic items (e.g., cross-loadings) (cross-sectional sampling A). The RUQ modification (i.e., item deleting, wording modification, and scoring procedure) represented the development of the M-RUQ among Italian nurses. The third phase was aimed to confirm the construct validity of the M-RUQ and to test its stability and internal consistency (crosssectional sampling B). Results: This study's findings show that M-RUQ has a three-dimensional structure and a total of 22 items. The M-RUQ shows evidence of validity and reliability. Precisely, the factorial structure coming from an exploratory factorial analysis on the first sample (n ¼ 504) was confirmed by a final model of confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) on a second sample (n ¼ 362). The final CFA model showed adequate goodness of fit, where all the factor loadings showed values higher than .40. Cronbach's a was satisfactory for each domain and for the overall scale. Furthermore, the M-RUQ showed good stability described by the testeretest. Conclusion: The M-RUQ should be used to assess research utilization among nurses for educational or research purposes to address the practice. Further research about its validity and reliability is suggested.

Purpose: This study aims to develop and test the psychometric properties of a scale for measuring the continuity of care specific tohome health care patients in the context of Korean long-term care insurance services. Methods: In phase 1, the initial item pool was created based on the concept analysis results using a literature review and in-depth interviews. Phase 2 evaluated the psychometric properties of the scale in the survey conducted in 2021 using a sample of 202 receiving longtermcare visiting nursing services. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine the construct validity. An internal consistencywas examined using Cronbach’s α. Known group validity and criterion validity were assessed. Results: The EFA suggested five factors: therapeutic relationship, coordination of care, service availability, customized care plan, andconsistency in service provision. The internal consistency reliability of the continuity of care scale was satisfactory (Cronbach’s α=.96). Known-group validity was established by comparing the continuity of care scores for high utilizers of home-visiting nursing servicesand low utilizers of home-visiting nursing services. Criterion validity was confirmed through the correlation between the developedscale and the performance of the visiting nurse service scale. Conclusion: The developed scale was found to be reliable and relatively valid for measuring the patient’s perceived continuity of carewithin the Korean long-term care visiting nursing system.

Purpose: Reliable bibliometric analysis requires the accurate linkage of heterogeneous affiliation strings to persistent organizational identifiers. Generic natural language processing tools frequently fail at this task because they tend to prioritize coverage rather than precision. This study evaluated whether anchoring an entity-linking model to the Research Organization Registry improved precision relative to generic tools. Methods: We developed a conservative, two-stage model. First, using a normalized registry corpus, we applied rule-based exact matching with geographic validation. Second, selective fuzzy matching was applied only to the remaining nonmatched affiliations. We evaluated model performance against an off-the-shelf spaCy named entity recognition baseline using a manually adjudicated gold standard dataset derived from PubMed Digital Health records. Finally, we assessed the comparative advantage of our model using nonparametric paired comparison tests and bootstrap methods. Results: Our two-stage approach achieved substantially higher precision (0.97) and recall (0.93) than both the generic baseline (precision, 0.75; recall, 0.47) and unconstrained fuzzy matching models (precision, 0.77; recall, 0.83). This balanced improvement in precision and recall resulted in the highest F1 score (0.95). The ablation study further confirmed that the “exact matching first” strategy was structurally necessary to prevent the inflation of false positives observed when unconstrained fuzzy matching was applied. Conclusion: Anchoring entity resolution to a canonical registry using a tiered matching strategy substantially enhances the precision of institutional attribution. This approach provides a robust method for correcting metadata quality in editorial and repository workflows.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop a prediction model for pressure injury using a machine learning algorithm and to integrate it into clinical practice. Methods: This was a retrospective study of tertiary hospitals in Seoul, Korea. It analyzed patients in 12 departments where many pressure injuries occurred, including 8 general wards and 4 intensive care units from January 2018 to May 2022. In total, 182 variables were included in the model development. A pressure injury prediction model was developed using the gradient boosting algorithm, logistic regression, and decision tree methods, and it was compared to the Braden scale. Results: Among the 1,389,660 general ward cases, there were 451 cases of pressure injuries, and among 139,897 intensive care unit cases, there were 297 cases of pressure injuries. Among the tested prediction models, the gradient boosting algorithm showed the highest predictive performance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the gradient boosting algorithm's pressure injury prediction model in the general ward and intensive care unit was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.83~0.89) and 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.79~0.87), respectively. This model was integrated into the electronic health record system to show each patient's probability for pressure injury occurrence, and the risk factors calculated every hour. Conclusion: The prediction model developed using the gradient boosting algorithm exhibited higher performance than the Braden scale. A clinical decision support system that automatically assesses pressure injury risk allows nurses to focus on patients at high risk for pressure injuries without increasing their workload.

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the potential use of postoperative pulmonary complications prediction models in patients with lung resection. Methods: In this retrospective study, 1,160 patients were selected among the admitted patients who underwent lung resection surgery. The predictive validity of the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia Tool (ARISCAT) and the Pulmonary Complications Risk Score (PCRS)-lung resection model were assessed based on the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC). Results: Of the patients, 420 (36.2%) developed postoperative pulmonary complications after lung resection surgery within 30 days. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values were 52.2%, 70.6%, 49.0%, and 74.0%, respectively, for the ARISCAT (cut-off point of 47), and 53.8%, 78.5%, 15.3%, and 95.9%, respectively, for the PCRS-lung resection model (cut-off point of 147). The AUCs were 0.65 (ARISCAT) and 0.70 (PCRS-lung resection model). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the predictive validity values of the ARISCAT was sufficient, and the PCRS-lung resection model was good. However, the clinical usefulness of the models should be verified in future studies.

Purpose: This study aimed to validate the Child Healthy Lifestyle Profile as an instrument for screening healthy behaviors in school-aged children in South Korea. Methods: Self-reported questionnaires were administered to 454 students, comprising elementary-school students (n=221) and child cancer survivors (n=233). Reliability and validity were assessed using Cronbach's ?, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: Cronbach's ?, as a reliability test, was 0.87. Varimax rotation yielded nine factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 in the EFA, which explained 61.0% of the total variance. In the CFA, both convergent and discriminant validities were acceptable. Therefore, the Child Healthy Lifestyle Profile was validated as an assessment tool for Korean school-aged children. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the Child Healthy Lifestyle Profile was identified as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing healthy lifestyles in elementary-school children in South Korea.

Objective: This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Korean version of the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool-10 (K-Pedi-EAT-10).Methods: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Korean version of the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool-10 (K-Pedi-EAT-10).Results: The K-Pedi-EAT-10 demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.956) and strong test?retest reliability (ICC=0.988; 95% CI, 0.971?0.995). Content validity indices were high (I-CVI>0.80 for all items; S-CVI/Ave=0.92 for relevance, 0.88 for clarity). Children with dysphagia showed markedly higher K-Pedi-EAT-10 total scores (16.15±9.24) than controls (0.31±0.72; U=9.5, Z=-4.053, p<0.001), confirming discriminative validity. Higher K-Pedi-EAT-10 scores were observed in children with aspiration (Penetration-Aspiration Scale [PAS]≥6) than in those without (p<0.05). Significant correlations were found between K-Pedi-EAT-10 total and PAS scores (r=0.705, p=0.007), confirming its potential utility as a screening tool that reflects aspiration severity without radiation exposure from videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.95?1.00) and identified a cut-off score of 19 for predicting aspiration, with 100% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity.Conclusion: The K-Pedi-EAT-10 is a reliable, valid, and non-invasive tool for screening pediatric dysphagia. Its strong psychometric performance supports its potential use for the early identification and timely intervention of children at risk for dysphagia in clinical practice.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and compare machine learning models for predicting prediabetes in young adults in Korea using dietary intake data and to identify the most effective model. Methods: Data from the ninth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used, with 823 participants aged 19-35 years selected after excluding those with missing data. Logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest models were applied to predict prediabetes, and the analysis was conducted using the Orange 3.5 program. Five-fold cross-validation was performed to reduce performance variability, and test data were used for final model validation. Results: In the dataset, 14%-15% of participants were classified as having prediabetes. The random forest model showed the highest performance in terms of classification accuracy, harmonic mean of precision and recall, and precision. Logistic regression had the highest performance regarding the model’s ability to distinguish between individuals with and without prediabetes. Age, thiamine intake, and water intake emerged as the most important predictors. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the utility of using dietary intake data to predict prediabetes in young adults. The random forest model provided the highest prediction accuracy, supporting early detection and intervention, which could help to reduce unnecessary treatment. This highlights nurses’ important role in educating patients about lifestyle changes and implementing preventive care. Future studies should incorporate additional factors, such as psychological and lifestyle variables, to improve the model's performance.

부모 소진은 양육으로 인한 스트레스가 장기간 누적되어 발생하는 것으로 본 연구는 부모 소진을 측정하기 위하여 Roskam et. al.(2018)이 개발한 부모 소진 척도(Parental Burnout Assessment, PBA)를 한국어로 번안하여 타당화하는데 목적이 있다. 부모 소진 척도는 23문항, 4가지 하위요인으로 구성 되어 있다: ‘탈진: 부모 역할에 대한 탈진’, ‘자기 대조: 부모로서 자기 대조’, ‘포화: 싫증남’, ‘정서적 거리두기: 자녀와 정서적 거리두기.’ 척도를 타당화하기 위해 만 5세 미만의 자녀를 한 명 이상 양육 하고 있는 어머니 226명의 자료를 이용하여 문항 분포도 및 양호도, 신뢰도를 확인하고 4요인모형에 대하여 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 또한 공인타당도를 확인하기 위하여 기존에 소진을 측정하 기 위해 사용되어 오던 직무 소진 측정도구(MBI), 부모 소진 측정도구(PBI)와 양육 스트레스 척도 (PSI)와 상관분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 한국 부모의 소진을 측정할 수 있는 사용할 수 있는 타당화된 척도를 마련하였다는데 의의가 있다.

Parental burnout occurs as a result of a long-term accumulation of parental stress. This study was conducted to validate the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) developed by Roskam et. al. in South Korea. PBA is composed of 23 questions in four sub-factors such as ‘exhaustion: exhaustion in one’s parental role’, ‘contrast: contrast in parental self’, ‘saturation: feelings of being fed up’, and ‘emotional distancing: emotional distancing from one’s children.’ To validate the scale, the data from 226 mothers parenting at least one child under age 5 were used to identify the distribution of items, reliability, and validity. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for the 4-factor PBA model and convergent validity were examined by correlation analysis of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Parental Burnout Inventory (PBI), and Parenting Stress Index (PSI). This study established a validated scale that can be used to measure parental burnout among South Korean parents.

This study examined composing processes of six graduate ESL writers in timed essay situations. The participants’ composing behaviors were videotaped and they were asked to retrospect their composing processes after they completed their timed essays while watching the video of themselves composing. The stimulus recall data were transcribed and analyzed using coding schemes. The analyses of the participants’ composing processes show that they were not able to go through composing steps they normally do in drafted writing situations. Instead they were forced to go through a linear composing process and were not able to enjoy heuristic discovery. The findings of this study support the claim that timed essay is a special form of writing and that essay exams do not necessarily produce a representative sample of test takers' writing ability in target language use domains.

Although many benefits are claimed for diagnostic testing, it is utilized far less than assessments for other purposes. This study produced classroom diagnostic tests in the areas of vocabulary and grammar, in both paper-and-pencil and computer-based formats, and utilized them in high school English-as-a-foreign-language instruction. Evidence was collected to investigate whether three hypothesized claims about the advantages of diagnostic testing asserted in the literature are valid. The results showed that students’ academic achievement increased when the results of instructional unitbased diagnostic tests were used to offer remediation. Although no differences in student achievement were found to result from the mode of diagnostic testing, the efficiency of diagnostic testing was greatly increased by automatic scoring and data analysis functions of the computer-based mode. A survey on the usefulness of diagnostic testing showed that when it was used, learners had higher levels of satisfaction with English instruction. However, the participants reported that when diagnostic testing pointed toward significant shortfalls in lexical knowledge, their confidence declined. Lastly, the students indicated that computer-based diagnostic testing has the advantage of being able to provide immediate feedback.

The purpose of this study is to compare the bird crossing of roads by type (Expressway 1, railroad-provincial road and Highway 4) and the crossing of roads according to the size of birds. The greatest number of avian species and individuals crossing road per 10 minutes were found on railroad-provincial road (8.96 ± 1.92 and 29.33 ± 11.94, respectively), while the lowest number of avian species and individuals were found on Expressway 1 (2.96 ± 1.04 and 6.13 ± 2.89, respectively), which has the widest width. In addition, the number of small-sized bird (<20cm) crossing the Expressway 1, railroad-provincial road, and Highway 4 was lower than that of the medium-sized bird (≥20cm). Current wildlife crossing structures have been focused on mammals, amphibians and reptiles, but future structures should also consider birds.

The purpose of this study is to compare the bird crossing of roads by type (Expressway 1, railroad-provincial road and Highway 4) and the crossing of roads according to the size of birds. The greatest number of avian species and individuals crossing road per 10 minutes were found on railroad-provincial road (8.96±1.92 and 29.33±11.94, respectively), while the lowest number of avian species and individuals were found on Expressway 1 (2.96±1.04 and 6.13±2.89, respectively), which has the widest width. In addition, the number of small-sized bird (＜20 cm) crossing the Expressway 1, railroad- provincial road, and Highway 4 was lower than that of the medium-sized bird (≥20 cm). Current wildlife crossing structures have been focused on mammals, amphibians and reptiles, but future structures should also consider birds.

본 연구는 사고억제와 침입적 사고를 독립적으로 평가하며, 성공적인 억제정도를 측정하는 한국판 사고 억제척도(TSI)의 신뢰도와 타당도를 평가하기 위하여 실시되었다. 대학생 및 대학원생 등 일반성인을 대상으로 한국판 사고 억제척도의 요인구조를 분석한 결과, 이 척도는 사고 억제, 침입적 사고, 그리고 성공적인 사고 억제의 3요인으로 구성되어 있으며, 각 요인의 신뢰도는 만족할 만한 수준을 보여주었다. 정적, 부적 정서 및 심리적 증상과의 타당도를 검토한 결과, 사고 억제척도는 간이 정신진단검사로 측정한 불안, 우울, 신경증, 강박 및 적대감등과 적절한 상관을 나타내었으며, 정적, 부적 정서와도 적절한 상관을 보여주었다. 또한 사고억제와 관련되는 심리적 과정 및 특성으로서 반추적 경향성과 자기 개념과의 관계를 검토한 결과, 사고 억제 중 침입적 사고가 반추적 경향성과 유의한 상관을 나타내었으며, 자기 개념과는 침입적 사고가 부적 상관을 성공적 억제가 정적 상관을 나타내었다. 이 결과는 한국판 사고 억제 척도가 적절한 심리 측정적 지표를 나타내고, 사고억제의 빈도 뿐 아니라 효율성등 다양한 측면에서 잘 구성하고 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 이러한 결과의 시사점과 향후 연구에 대한 제안점을 논의하였다.

This study was conducted to examine the validity and reliability of a thought suppression inventory that assesses thought suppression and intrusion separately and evaluates successive suppression as well. Factor analysis from general adults has shown that the inventory consists of three factors: suppression attempts, intrusion and successful thought suppression. The reliabilities of the 3 factors were acceptable. The thought suppression inventory was significantly associated with positive and negative affects (PANAS) and psychopathology including anxiety, depression, and obsession(SCL-(90-R). Thought suppression was also associated with a ruminative response tendency and self-concepts such as self-esteem and self-compassion. These results showed that the Korean version of the TSI has adequate psychometric characteristics and multi-facets of thought suppression. The implications of this study are discussed along with future suggestions.