Earticle

The superconducting accelerator's liquid or superfluid helium cryogenic system requires numerous temperature sensors to precisely monitor key components and ensure the device's safe and stable operation. Uncalibrated temperature sensors are widely used in large scientific facilities owing to their low cost and short supply cycles. This study developed a temperature sensor calibration system suitable for the superfluid helium temperature region. This system combines the comparison method and dynamic calibration while optimizing the calibration approach for different temperature ranges. A total of 20 uncalibrated temperature sensors were calibrated over a temperature range of 300 K to 2 K. Experimental results show that the system can simultaneously calibrate numerous temperature sensors, significantly improving calibration efficiency. In the 4.2 K-2 K temperature region, the calibration accuracy is ±6.035 mK, which meets the engineering application requirements of large scientific facilities.

High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) power cables are capable of transmitting bulk power without any loss compared to conventional copper cables. The major challenge in the design of such HTS cables is the high stresses (electro-thermal/electro-mechanical) developed at high voltages, high currents and cryogenic temperatures. The safe and reliable operation of HTS cables involves lots of instrumentation for monitoring, measurement, control and safe operation. In principle, a four probe method for resistance (RTD PT-100) is used for temperature measurements at various locations of HTS cable. The number of connecting leads required for this is four times that of the number of sensors. The present paper discusses a novel way of connecting 128 RTD sensors with the help of only 14 leads using a cold electronics based multiplexer board. LabVIEW 11.0 software was used for interfacing and displaying the readings of all the sensors on computer screen.

The selection of the temperature sensor in the cryogenic system depends on the temperature range, shape and accuracy. The accuracy of the temperature sensor is essential to improve the reliability of experiment. We have developed the variable temperature cryostat using a two-stage cryocooler. In order to reduce heat load, thermal shield is installed at the first stage with MLI (Multiple layer insulation). We have also developed the sensor holder calibrating more than twenty sensors at the same time for saving time and money. The system can calibrate sensor at variable temperature by controlling electric heater. In this paper, we present design and fabrication of variable temperature cryostat and representative result of Cernox sensor calibration.

This study presents a deep-learning-based framework integrating a single heat-flux sensor for rapid and accurate estimation of core body temperature (CBT). A gated recurrent unit (GRU) model was trained using a large-scale dataset comprising finite-element simulations and experimental transient responses to learn conduction- and convection-governed features. By analyzing only the initial 30 s of temperature signals, the model achieved a mean absolute error below 0.1 °C across a wide range of ambient temperatures (5–35 °C), convective heat transfer coefficients (0–50 W·m⁻²·K⁻¹), and skin conductivities (0.32–0.50 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹). This data-driven approach eliminated the need for prolonged thermal stabilization, enabling site-independent CBT prediction with reliable performance under dynamic environmental and physiological conditions.

Most sensors are affected by temperature, so they are tested in advance and used for temperature compensation. However, sensor affected by the temperature hysteresis is not compensated. This is because even if compensation is made in the form of a general n-th polynomial, the effect of hysteresis remains the same. In this paper, a method of compensating accelerometer biases with hysteresis using a new parameter C was studied. This technique goes beyond finding the appropriate variable for compensation and is a method of creating the parameter itself with a combination of new variables. As a result, most errors could be eliminated.

전 세계 발전소용 온도 센서 시장은 약 350억 원대로 추정되며 우리나라는 이 중 95% 이상을 수입제품에 의존 하고 있다. 본 연구는 발전소용 가스터빈 회전체의 온도 측정장치이며 국내 가동되는 100MW급 가스터빈 발전기의 약 800개 이상에 적용 가능하다. 본 연구는 측정부의 형태, 연결부 구조 및 소재 변경 등을 통해 내구성을 향상 시킨 것으로 정밀화학공정 및 플랜트 수출 산업에서 사용되는 습도, 가스, 유압 등의 다른 측정장치에서도 적용 가능한 요소 기술이다. 본 연구의 성과로는 발전소용 가스터빈 회전축 온도 측정을 위한 센서 3종으로 설계된 온도 센서는 0℃ - 300℃ 범위에서 Class 1등급 온도 정밀도를 만족하였으며 융합연구를 통하여 기존의 유사 제품들과 비교하여 내구성을 크게 향상시켰다.

The global market for temperature sensors for power plants is estimated at around 35 billion won, of which South Korea relies on imported products for more than 95 percent. This study is that a temperature measurement device for gas turbine rotators for power plants and can be applied to more than 800 of 100 MW gas turbine generators operating in Korea. This study has improved durability by changing the shape of the measuring part, structure of the connecting part, and material changes, and is a component technology applicable to other measuring devices such as humidity, gas and hydraulic pressure used in precision chemical process and plant export industry. As a result of this study, temperature sensors designed as three types of sensors for measuring the temperature of the gas turbine for power plants met Class 1 temperature accuracy in the range of 0°C to 300°C, and improved durability significantly compared to similar products.

Raman distributed temperature sensor can be used as temperature instruments as well as monitoring abnormalities in next-generation nuclear systems. Since noise reduction and Measuring Frequency enhancement are required, integration time adjustment has been mainly used so far. In this study, a new data processing method using Moving Average Filter was analyzed to see if noise reduction and Measuring Frequency could be reduced, and improvement measures were suggested.

시즈 히터는 금속 보호관에 코일 형태의 전열선과 산화마그네슘(MgO) 절연 분말을 충진한 관 모양의 히터이다. 특징으로는 외부 물리적 충격에 잘 견디고 전기 열에너지 효율성이 높으며, 산업용, 가정용 등 다양한 형태로 제작 가능하다. 사용상 편의성으로 최근 시즈히터 사용이 꾸준히 증가하고 있으며 이에 따라 관련 화재 사고도 지속적으 로 발생하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 시즈히터의 구조적 형태에 따른 화재 개연성을 연구 하였다. 시즈히터 발열부와 온도감지센서 사이의 간격 변화에 따른 발화 가능성을 연 구한 결과, 시즈히터의 발열부와 온도감지센서 사이의 간격이 증가할수록 온도감시센 서에서 감지하는 발열부의 온도와 발열부의 실제 온도 간 차이가 증가하여 화재 발생 개연성이 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다.

IoT 기술 중에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 무선 통신 기술에는 ZigBee, WiFi, Bluetooth, Z-Wave 등 이 있다. 그 중에서 Z-Wave는 현재 세계 시장 점유율이 60%로 선호하는 기술 중 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 Z-Wave 프로토콜을 이용한 온습도 센서 모듈을 구현하였다. 온습도 센서 모듈 의 동작을 위하여 Z-Wave 프로토콜을 분석하고, 컨트롤러 모듈의 펌웨어를 탑재하여 구현하였 고, 센서 모듈은 데이터 시트를 참고하여 설계 및 제작하였다. 또한 센서의 온습도 정보를 모니 터링하는 프로그램을 개발하여 이를 확인하였으며, Z-Wave 모듈의 통달거리 시험, 수신데이터 성공률, 저전력 시험 등을 통하여 성능을 확인하였다.

The most commonly used wireless communication technologies in IoT technology include ZigBee, WiFi, Bluetooth, and Z-Wave. In particular, Z-Wave is currently one of the preferred wireless communication technologies, with a global market share of 60 % of these technologies. In this research, a temperature and humidity sensor module using a Z-wave protocol was designed and manufactured by referring to the data sheet. Subsequently, the Z-Wave protocol was analyzed during the operation of the sensor module, and the firmware of the controller module was mounted and implemented. In addition, a program for monitoring the temperature and humidity information from the sensor module was developed and validated. Finally, the performance of the sensor module was validated through master distance and low power tests on it and its reception data success rate.

최근 준공된 대형 민자 역사의 냉난방 에너지 소비량은 일반 건축물에 비해 매우 높아 역사내의 효율적인 열환경 구축을 위해서는 HVAC 시스템의 설계가 필수적이다. 현재 적용되고 있는 HVAC 시스템의 효율성과 개선방안을 파악하기 위해서는 대상역사에 대한 시공간적 4차원의 온도(4D temperature)자료가 필요하다. 이러한 4D 온도 모니터링은 HVAC 시스템의 효율성과 개선방안을 파악할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 이 결과에 연결된 HVAC 시스템의 운용으로 보다 경제적인 냉난방 시스템의 운용이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 대형역사의 4D 온도모니터링을 위하여 단일 케이블 내에 여러 개의 온도센서를 장착하여 모니터링 할 수 있는 SOAM-TLS 센서 케이블을 특수 제작하고, 대형역사를 대상으로 열환경을 측정함으로서 TLS센서를 이용한 4D 온도모니터링의 가능성을 검토하고, 대형역사의 열환경실태 및 문제점을 파악하고자 한다.

Heating and cooling energy consumption of large stations they are built lately is higher than the energy of general buildings. Therefore, HVAC system design is vital to make efficient thermal environment in the station. Spatiotemporal 4-dimensional temperature data is needed in order to grasp efficiency and improvement of current HVAC system. The 4-dimensional temperature monitoring can't only grasp efficiency and improvement of current HVAC system but also can operate more economical. In this study, SOAM-TLS (Thermal Line Sensor) sensor cables they are equipped with multiple temperature sensors in a single cable are specially made for 4D temperature monitoring of a large stations. And this study has review of the possibility of 4D temperature monitoring through measuring the temperature and grasp status of thermal environment.

This study tried to develop the system (device) that automatically notify a manager of condition just before and after farrowing to extend ubiquitous-based technology and to increase efficiency of delivery care and productivity by reducing human labor and time on standby when farrowing management is done in the difficult and hard working environment of farrowing such as night or holidays in field sand especially in pig industry. In this test, selected 10 gilts were executed timed artificial insemination and were set up each temperature sensor and load sensor to them 3 days before the estimated farrowing day and were observed the farrowing situation. This study was embodied the NESPOT-based (KT Corporation) monitoring system, the system to transmit data in real time by utilization of wireless LAN and the sensor module to apply the ubiquitous environment to them. And this study was observed the situation to automatically notify situations of 10 gilts that first bore just before and after farrowing. The result obtained the farrowing situations of them in real time by setup of the NESPOT-based monitoring system to check farrowing situation directly is as follow. The average time of the automatic notice about situation just before farrowing by the temperature sensor was 27.5 minutes before the beginning of farrowing (the expulsion time of a piglet). 6 of 8 pregnant gilts that first bore automatically were notified situations just before farrowing and the temperature sensors inserted into 2 ones before farrowing were omitted. (The automatic notice rate 75%) The average time of the automatic notice of situation just after farrowing by the load sensor was taken 46.5 minutes after the beginning of farrowing (the expulsion time of a first piglet). The average gestation period of 8 ones that first bore and were tested by the automatic notice of farrowing situation was 115.6 days. This result found that the automatic farrowing notice system by the temperature sensor is more efficient than the load sensor as the automatic farrowing alarm device and sanitary treatment and improvement of the omission rate were required.

Fire detectors are designed to minimize loss of life from a fire alarm system as an alarm to help evacuate more quickly until the completion of the evacuation alarm should be continued. the purpose of such alarms in order to achieve the characteristic fire heat release rate reaches a certain level, or when a certain time has elapsed, when the heat detector is to be alarms to answer. Requires a quick response, it is desirable to install the sensor as much as possible, but taking into account the cost of installation problems by engineering approach to minimize the quantity and rapidity of detection capability should be increased. In order to increase the rapidity of fire detectors in a room according to the height of the sensing period is to be maintained the optimum distance of the fire detector detects characteristics should be considered. Differential spot-type heat detectors installed domestic basis, depending on the type of sensor that can detect one sensor area is limited and less than 4m ceiling height regulations and simply double the number in excess of 4m and intended to be installed

In this paper, we present thermal characteristics of temperature sensor using fiber Bragg grating(FBG), including peak reflectivity, FWHM bandwidth and various normalized refractive index change along temperature variation. The temperature stability of FBG temperature sensor can be changed by varying the refractive index change and grating length. The proposed FBG temperature sensor can measure up to about 600℃ and heating time from 1000 hours. We can easily expect that various numerical results can be utilized as important ones when a sensor for measuring a temperature is implemented using a FBG technique.

수위는 하수장, 정수장, 하천, 댐, 공장의 저장탱크 등 다양한 분야에서 측정된다. 수위측정을 위한 초음파 기기가 판매중이나 산업용으로 실험에서 사용하기는 가격이 너무 비싸다. 전자 기술의 급속한 진보로 인해 다양한 종류의 측정, 모니터링 및 제어 기능이 저렴하게 구축하는 것이 가능해졌다. 저렴한 가격으로 초음파 수위 측정시스템을 만들기 위하여 본 연구가 시작되었다. 실험용으로 사용하기 위하여 아두이노, 초음파 센서 및 온도 센서로 시스템을 구성하였다. 초음파 센서는 센서에서 수위 표면까지의 시간을 측정한다. 온도 센서는 대기 온도를 측정하며 온도 변화로 인한 소리의 속도를 보정하여 초음파 거리 측정의 정확성을 높인다. 아두이노는 측정 전반을 관리하고 수위를 계산한다. 시스템의 모든 구성 요소는 장치거치대에 조립되었다. 제안된 시스템을 가지고 실험한 결과 수위가 실측치와 매우 가까웠다. 이 시스템은 또한 저렴하며 설치 및 유지하기가 쉬워 실험용으로 적절하다.

Water levels are measured in various fields such as sewage treatment plants, water treatment plants, rivers, dams, factory storages' tanks. Ultrasonic instruments for water level measurement are expensive and are used for industrial field. Rapid advances in electronics have made it possible to build a wide variety of measurement, monitoring and control functions at low cost. This study was started to make ultrasonic level measurement system at low price. The system was constructed with an Arduino, an ultrasonic sensor and a temperature sensor for use in the experiment. The ultrasonic sensor measures the time from the sensor to the liquid surface. The temperature sensor measures the atmospheric temperature and improves the accuracy of the ultrasonic distance measurement by correcting the sound speed. Arduino controls measurements and calculates the water level. All components of the system are assembled into a device holder. Experiments with this system show that the water level measured by the system is very close to the actual value. This system is also inexpensive and easy to install and maintain, making it suitable for laboratory use.

Temperature control is quite extensive in their daily lives and industrial applications, and past temperature control is done by hand and not enough attention, in fact, temperature needs to be monitored in many places in order to prevent accidents. To solve this problem, a temperature control system based on 51 Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) is designed in the paper. Combining with SCM AT89C51, temperature sensor is used to collect temperature, the collected temperature values are transferred to the LED display to shows. Then cooling or heating is automatically operated by the fan or an electric wire in order to achieve a constant temperature. The experimental results show that the system can perform real-time monitoring of temperature and reach the goal of effectively controlling temperature.

In this work energy efficient room temperature sensor is designed using various IO standards. This design is implemented on Kintex-7 FPGA, XC7K70T device and FBG676 package. The simulator used is Xilinx 14.6 and Verilog is used as the verification language. The power analysis is done using XPower estimator. The various IO standards implemented in the design are HSUL_12, Mobile_DDR, PCI33_3 and SSTL18_II. The temperature scaling is being done for analyzing the behavior of circuit at different temperature values. The temperature is scaled from 50oC to 45oC, 40oC, 35oC, 30oC and 25oC. There is reduction of 17.39%, 65.22% and 91.30% in IO power when we migrate our design from SSTL18_II to HSUL_12, Mobile_DDR and PCI33_3 IO standards respectively. The maximum reduction in total power is achieved when the design is migrated from SSTL18_II to PCI33_3 IO standard. The reduction in total power is 26.32%, 24.69%, 22.72%, 20.83%, 18.87% and 16.95% at 25oC, 30oC, 35oC, 40oC, 45oC and 50oC respectively when the IO standard is migrated from SSTL18_II to PCI33_3.

By sputtering and plasma spraying technology, a sapphire optical fiber blackbody cavity temperature sensor of tantalum (melting point is 2997℃) - zirconium oxide (melting point is 2715℃) thin film was developed. Static calibration system for the sensor to measure target temperature 1721℃ is also designed by using three oxygen (produced by water electrolysis) flame guns. When its impact resistant capacity is more than 50MPa, the corresponding temperature is 2802℃. A high power and high frequency modulation CO2 laser pulse is used as exciting source to heat it to 1500℃, and the dynamic calibration device is designed independently, thus this sensor in experimental results show a time response on the order of μs. Signal collection and transmission through fiber optic cable are proposed, which can meet the need of transient high temperature measurement in harsh environment.

A biochip can obtain various types of genetic information over a short period of time and enable genetic analysis. A biochip needs temperature sensors to measure temperature. A resistance temperature detector temperature sensor chip, made of copper using a printed circuit board, was introduced in this study. A printed circuit board is readily usable for copper pattern design for the substrate of a biochip. To measure biochip resistance, we tested whether it was possible to accurately measure the temperature using resistances measured at room temperature and at 55, 72, 85, and 95°C in a water bath. However, in analyzing the results obtained, the printed circuit board based resistance temperature detector sensor was found to be inadequate for use as a biochip temperature sensor, although it showed potential for use as a general-purpose resistance temperature detector sensor.