Earticle

현재 빠르게 진행되고 있는 지구온난화로 인해 우려되고 있는 기후변화의 영향 중 하나는 ‘국내 여름철 폭염의 심화’이다. 국내에서 폭염 피해 저감을 위한 대책을 마련하여 이행하고 있지만, 지역 사회의 역량에 따라 피해 규모가 달라지고, 이와 관련하여 꾸준히 기후학적 요인 외에 사회적 요인 을 고려할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 공동체의 의사결정이나 자원에 대한 접근성과 관련되어 있어 적응능력과 회복력에 영향을 미치는 ‘사회적 자본’은 지역사회 수준에서의 지역자원의 활용과정의 비물질적 자원으로써 중요한 역할을 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사회적 자본에 대한 정의와 영향변수 에 대해 살펴보고 지역사회건강조사 데이터를 활용하여 상관분석 및 회귀분석을 통해 사회적 자본 의 계량화를 시도하였다. 이를 통해 2019년 우리나라의 폭염 피해와 관련한 사회적 자본을 분석하고 수도권과 비수도권으로 구분하여 폭염 피해와 지역별 사회적 자본의 관계를 파악하였다.

One of the effects of climate change is "Increase of heatwave in Korea". In spite of measures prepared and implemented to reduce heatwave victims in South Korea, the extent of damage is determined according to the capabilities of the community. In this regard, the need to consider social factors in addition to climatological factors has been steadily raised. In particular, 'social capital', which affects adaptability and resilience as it related to community decision-making or access to resources, plays an important role as a non-material resource in process of using local resources at the community level. In this study, definition and influence variables of social capital were investigated and quantification was attempted through correlation analysis and regression analysis using Community Health Survey. Through analysis of social capital with respect to heatwave damage in 2019 in South Korea, the role of regional social capital on heatwave damage was identified so that the metropolitan and non-metropolitan area reveals difference aspects.

This study explores Korean EFL learners’ perceptions of quantification and their grammatical sensitivity in the use of count/mass nouns. To investigate the perceptions of adult learners and young learners, it compared the perceptions of thirty children with those of thirty adults using a quantity judgment task. For the adult group, a grammaticality judgment task was additionally administered to investigate their actual use of count/mass nouns. The findings show that both the young and adult learners exhibit a consistent pattern in their perceptions of count/mass nouns giving support to the results obtained in studies which addressed the same topic with learners of different L1 and L2 backgrounds. In the grammaticality judgment task, the adult participants judged the grammaticality of count nouns and subject mass nouns appropriately. They showed a tendency to judge quantity based on numbers for the object mass nouns and the flexible nouns. These results imply that the adult participants’ use of count/mass nouns match their perceptions of count/mass distinction.

This paper examines the category switch between dyadic accomplishment verbs and activity verbs from the perspective of quantification of the internal argument NP suggested by Ferreira(2005) and claims that the function of determiners in this context has implications for a linguistically motivated solution(Douglas, 2000; Lascartides, 1991) to the ‘imperfective paradox’, i.e., to refine Montague's(1974) proposal by precisely defining Bennett's(1981) so-called mysterious closed intervals and open intervals in terms of functions of internal argument NPs' determiners. This analysis not only attempts to account for the different truth conditions underlying the two categories of verbs and the category switch, but may also provide insight into the relationship among quantification, time, and truth conditions in natural languages.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a Scalar Approach and to develop a new Syntactic Model about English Aspectual Classes. To conduct this subject, this research was mainly based on Beavers(2006, 2008a,b, 2009)’ researches and closely linked to quantifying semantic definitions of aspectual classes. The results from this study would be applied to syntactic projection process. and through this study, I would like to establish a new method on a syntactic model of aspectual classes. Ultimately, it is hoped that learners and researchers on English can correctly understand compositions and readings about English. Based on conceptions of a scalar approach, quantification, and degree affectedness on aspectual classes, I would attempt to modify Demirdache and Uribe- Etxebarria(2005, 2007) in syntactic approaches.

Although Feng-Shui has been widely used in architecture and urban design and planning for thousands of years, it has not been properly studied as a scientific and thus rational approach. Feng-Shui has been recognized as an environment-friendly design and planning method in recent years due to its thoughtful consideration on the harmonious relationship between architecture and the natural environment. This study investigates its major principles and techniques that have been widely used in the design of houses through previous relevant researches. Then, the principles and techniques that are relevant to the residential uses are indexed for the quantification of Feng-Shui. Ten Feng-Shui indices are formulated and each index is quantified to make five points for a perfect match. These indices are then tested on three different types of house in Korea, namely traditional Korean houses, contemporary Korean style houses and contemporary architects' houses. The result shows that the first type of house records the highest Feng-Shui points and then the second and third types in that order. This result convinces us that the Feng-Shui indices can very effectively represent the degree of environmentally friendly design.

Background It is well known that diet plays a vital role in the pathogenesis, prevention, and management of diseases. In indigenous medical systems of India, diet is an integral component of treatment, and such knowledge is poorly documented. This study quantified the consensus about the dietary recommendations prescribed by the noninstitutionally trained Siddha practitioners of Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu, India. Methods After obtaining prior informed consent, 87 noninstitutionally trained Siddha practitioners were interviewed using the free-list method. The data were segregated into different groups and the consensus was analyzed using informant consensus factor (Fic). In the case of recommended diets, blood ailments, fever, hemorrhoids, male infertility, kapha, and dermatological ailments had high Fic values. In this group, 500 use-reports were recorded for the treatment of 27 illness categories. The fruits of Vitis vinifera (blood ailments), Panicum sumatrense (fever), and Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (hemorrhoids) were the highly recommended foods. In the case of restricted diets, dermatological ailments, jaundice, gastrointestinal, vadha, and blood ailments had high Fic values and 26 illness categories were reported with 368 citations. In this category, Solanum melongena (dermatological ailments), Tamarindus indica (jaundice and anemia), and Gallus gallus domesticus (gastrointestinal ailments) were the important restricted foods. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that a major portion of local knowledge, other than that of local uses of medicinal species, is still undocumented and underutilized. If the recommendations of dietary changes take the claims from local knowledge beyond scientific evidence, the rate of adherence may increase, since these recommendations have a traditional-brand identity. This study also warrants the need of scientific analyses in some cases.

Purpose: Although previous studies on the screw-home movement (SHM) for autopsy specimen and walking of living persons conducted, the possibility of acquiring SHM based on inertial measurement units received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of measuring SHM for the non-weighted bearing using a micro-electro-mechanical system-based wearable motion capture system (MEMSS). Methods: MEMSS and camera-based motion analysis systems were used to obtain kinematic data of the knee joint. The knee joint moved from the flexion position to a fully extended position and then back to the start point. The coefficient of multiple correlation and the difference in the range of motion were used to assess the waveform similarity in the movement measured by two measurement systems. Results: The waveform similarity in the sagittal plane was excellent and the in the transverse plane was good. Significant differences were found in the sagittal plane between the two systems (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the transverse plane between the two systems (p>0.05). Conclusion: The SHM during the passive motion without muscle contraction in the non-weighted bearing appeared in the entire range. We thought that the MEMSS could be easily applied to the acquisition of biomechanical data on the knee related to physical therapy.

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of adding lactic acid and pectinase, and chaptalization for the quality of apple wine and the production of hazardous compounds (methanol and acetaldehyde). The pH of all of the samples was below 4; therefore, mash seemed to be fermented without any issue. Total acidity was the highest in sample A due to lactic acid addition. Pre-treated groups (samples B, C, and D) showed higher total acidities than that of the control (P<0.05). Pre-treatments might influence the production of organic acids in apple wines. The control and pectinase added sample (sample B) had the lowest alcohol contents. Adding lactic acid produced more alcohol, and chaptalized samples produced more alcohol due to the addition of sugar. Adding pectinase with and without chaptalization was not effective for producing more alcohol. The control sample had significantly higher acetaldehyde content (2.39 mg/L) than the other samples (1.00~2.07 mg/L); therefore, pre-treatments for apple wine fermentation produced a lower amount of acetaldehyde. Among the pre-treated samples, samples C and D showed the lowest acetaldehyde content of 1.00 mg/L and 1.16 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, a significantly higher amount of methanol was generated for sample A (1.03 mg/L) and sample D (1.22 mg/L) than that of the control (0.82 mg/L) (P<0.05). Adding lactic acid or chaptalization was effective in reducing methanol and acetaldehyde in apple wines.

Objective To quantify autonomic dysfunction in fibromyalgia patients compared to healthy controls using heart rate variability (HRV).Methods Sixteen patients with fibromyalgia and 16 healthy controls were recruited in this case control study. HRV was measured using the time-domain method incorporating the following parameters: total heartbeats, the mean of intervals between consecutive heartbeats (R-R intervals), the standard deviation of normal to normal R-R intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD), ratio of SDNN to RMSSD (SDNN/RMSSD), and difference between the longest and shortest R-R interval under different three conditions including normal quiet breathing, rate controlled breathing, and Valsalva maneuver. The severity of autonomic symptoms in the group of patients with fibromyalgia was measured by Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale 31 (COMPASS 31). Then we analyzed the difference between the fibromyalgia and control groups and the correlation between the COMPASS 31 and aforementioned HRV parameters in the study groups.Results Patients with fibromyalgia had significantly higher SDNN/RMSSD values under both normal quiet breathing and rate controlled breathing compared to controls. Differences between the longest and shortest R-R interval under Valsalva maneuver were also significantly lower in patients with fibromyalgia than in controls. COMPASS 31 score was negatively correlated with SDNN/RMSSD values under rate controlled breathing.Conclusion SDNN/RMSSD is a valuable parameter for autonomic nervous system function and can be used to quantify subjective autonomic symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia.

This study investigates a Cloud?Edge-sensors infrastructure using M/M/c/K queuing theory to analyze agricultural data systems’ performance. It focuses on optimizing data handling and evaluates the system configuration impacts on performance. The model significantly enhances efficiency and scalability, minimizing the need for extensive physical infrastructure. Analysis shows over 90% utilization in both layers, highlighting the model’s applicability to various IoT applications. The M/M/c/K queuing model addresses scalability and real-time data processing challenges in agricultural cloud?edge-sensor networks, improving over traditional methods lacking dynamic scalability. Designed for optimized resource use and reduced data handling delays, this model proves crucial in precision agriculture, where timely data is essential for decision-making. Its versatility extends to various agricultural applications requiring efficient real-time analysis and resource management.

As an alternative to radioimmunoassay a simple and highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed and validated for androstenedione quantification in plasma of Karan Fries bulls using second antibody coating technique. The wells of the microtitreplate were coated with affinity-purified goat immunoglobulin (antirabbit IgG) that binds the hormone specific antibody. The EIA was performed to analyze androstenedione directly in 40 μl of bull plasma. The androstenedione standards ranged from 0.20 to 200 pg/40 μl /well and the sensitivity of the assay was 5 pg/ml plasma. Serially diluted bull plasma containing high endogenous androstenedione showed good parallelism with bovine androstenedione standard curve. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were found to be 8 and 9%, respectively. Peripheral plasma androstenedione concentrations determined in young and adult bull samples ranged between 104?990 pg/ml and 184?2040 pg/ml, respectively.

Aerial Computing, utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has emerged as a promising solution to enhance mobile cloud computing (MCC) infrastructure for the Internet of Things (IoT). The continuous generation of vast amounts of data by IoT devices requires efficient processing and monitoring for timely decision-making. However, wireless connections between IoT devices and remote servers can be unreliable, resulting in data loss. UAVs, with their increasing processing power and autonomy, can act as bridges between IoT devices and remote servers such as edge or cloud computing. In that context, this paper proposes a continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) models for an aerial computing system to evaluate system dependability metrics including availability and reliability. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to provide extended CTMC models with improved system availability. The proposed advanced model reduces downtime by 62 h compared to the baseline model, showcasing the potential of UAVs in enhancing the availability and reliability of MCC infrastructures. The use of UAVs and MCC in aerial computing is believed to be a win?win solution for cost-effective and energy-saving communication and computation services in various environments.

최근 기후 변화로 인해 홍수, 산사태 등으로 인한 도시 피해가 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 극한 강우 및 집중 호우에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 추세이다. 설계빈도를 초과하는 강우는 홍수 및 산사태와 같은 인간의 삶에 큰 영향을 미치는 자연재해를 유발하는 주요 원인 중 하나이다. 이처럼 기후 변화로 인한 극한 강우 빈도가 늘어나고 있으며, 따라서, 본 연구에서는 대한민국의 홍수위험성을 분석하기 위해 기상관측소에서 측정된 강우량 데이터를 수집 후, 극치해석방법에 주로 사용되는 GEV분포와 시계 열 분석을 통해 각 지역별 Flood-Rich, -Poor 기간을 식별하였다. 또한, 실제빈도와 설계빈도를 이용하여 본 논문에서는 홍수에 대한 위험성을 정량화할 수 있는 Flood Load 를 계산하였다. 분석 결과, 모든 대상지역에서 Flood Load가 1을 초과한 사례가 발생하였으며, Flood Load가 가장 높은 지역은 3.83인 인제로 분석되었다. 기후변화로 인해 갈수록 빈번해지는 극한 호우로 인한 홍수 예방을 위해서는 수리시 설물의 설계빈도를 상향해야 할 필요가 있다.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in extreme and intense rainfall events due to climate change, which leads to increased urban damage from flooding, landslides, and more. Rainfall exceeding design frequencies is a primary cause of natural disasters that significantly affect human life, such as floods and landslides. As the frequency of extreme rainfall events increases due to climate change, this study collected rainfall data from meteorological stations to analyze flood risks in Kangwon province, and identified periods rich and poor in floods using the GEV distribution and time series analysis, which are common methods for analyzing extreme events. In addition, using the actual frequency and design frequency, the flood load that can quantify the risk of flooding was calculated in this paper. As a result of the analysis, cases in which the flood load exceeded 1 occurred in all target areas, and the area with the highest flood load was analyzed as a factor of 3.83. In order to prevent floods caused by extremely frequent heavy rains due to climate change, it is necessary to increase the design frequency of repair facilities.

A big challenge of Translation quality assessment (TQA) is how to quantify improvement of novice learners in terms of information transfer. We try to use an information unit as an evaluation tool which allows us to measure information transfer by the percentage of units we can identify in the target language. This tool may be complemented with introspection investigation in order to make a relevant diagnosis in students' performance.