Earticle

본 연구는 폐쇄루프 공급망을 최적화하기 위한 녹색 폐쇄루프 공급망 네트워크(GCSN)를 제안한다. GCSN은 물류 유통과정에 투입되는 익스프레스 박스의 재활용에 중점을 두고 연구하였다. 이를 통해 물류공급망 작업의 표준화 와 전자상거래 업체의 증가에 따른 익스프레스 박스의 사용의 가속화와 전자상거래 업계의 익스프레스 상자의 재활용 을 통한 자원 낭비를 최소화하는 녹색공급망을 추진한다. GCSN은 유통흐름과 자원의 투입요소는 수학식으로 표현하 며 LINGO를 사용하여 구현된다. 녹생 즉, 환경 보호의 관점에서 전자상거래 산업의 지속가능한 발전을 견인하는 유통 의 과정이다. 또한 자원 부족에 따른 원자재 가격 상승에 대응하고 전자상거래 업체들의 친환경적으로 익스프레스 상 자를 투입하는 전략의 필요성을 부각시켰다. 이와 같은 이유로 본 연구는 전자상거래 업체에서 사용하는 재활용이 가 능한 익스프레스상자를 연구대상으로 하며, 공급망 네트워크에서 시설 위치와 할당문제도 통합적으로 고찰한다. 마지 막으로 본 연구의 결론과 시사점을 도출하였다.

This paper proposes a green closed-loop supply chain network (GCSN) for optimizing closed-loop supply chains. The GCSN focuses on the application of the recycling express box in logistics circulation, accelerates the standardization of logistics operations and the use of express packaging in e-commerce companies, and promotes the reduction and greening of recycling express box in the e-commerce industry. The GCSN is represented as a mathematical formulation and implemented using LINGO. Greening, environmental protection, and wisdom are the general trends for promoting the growth of the e-commerce industry. Meanwhile, the price of raw materials has increased owing to a shortage of resources, which emphasizes the need for e-commerce enterprises to develop green packaging. Therefore, this study considers the shared circular packaging launched by e-commerce enterprises as the research object, and integrates the problem of facility positioning and path planning in the logistics system. The conclusion summarizes the significance of this study.

Cryogenic insulation systems, with proper materials selection and execution, can offer the highest levels of thermal performance. Insulations are listed in order of increasing performance and, generally, in order of increasing cost. The specific insulation to be used for a particular application is determined through a compromise between cost, ease of application and the effectiveness of the insulation. Consequently, materials, representative test conditions, and engineering approach for the particular application are crucial to achieve the optimum result. The present work is based on energy cost balance for optimizing the thickness of insulated chambers, using foamed or multi layered cryogenic shell. The considered insulation is a uniformly applied outer layer whose thickness varies with the initial and boundary conditions of the studied vessel under steady-state radial heat transfer. An expression of the optimal insulation thickness derived from the total cost function and depending on the geometrical parameters of the container is presented.

Numerous cities developed in the 20th century have a Water Distribution Network(WDN) with decade-old pipes. Aging pipelines can leak with lower the water revenue ratio, thus resulting in waste and economic losses. In this study, new methods for localizing leakage in WDNs are proposed and tested. Two meta-heuristic methods based on Harmony Search(HS) and Genetic Algorithm(GA) are developed to detect leakage of WDNs through an evaluation of emitter coefficients. The old town of G-Town in South Korea has a 50-year-old WDN and a low water revenue ratio. High quality field measurements in G-Town allowed detailed testing of optimization methods based on emitter coefficients for leakage detection. As a result, both GA and HS yielded comparable outputs. The HS method performed with slightly better accuracy in minimizing the objective function than GA after about 1,000 iterations. Leakage detection becomes fairly accurate after approximately 30 minutes of optimization and pipe networks with more than 100 pipes and 50 nodes require more iterations and calculation time.

This paper presents a method which optimizes the cost allocation in the design process of a metal curtain-wall unit using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. From the literature survey, it was found that previous researches have been focused on maximizing customer-satisfaction using QFD without considering the constrained budget. This paper describes how the limited budget condition is considered in the QFD process for a curtain wall design. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method proposed by the authors. The method contributes to deliver the curtain-wall design in a way to satisfy the level of requirements of both the customer and the curtain-wall contractor by calculating a solution vector allocating limited budget to the Technical Attributes(TAs) of the curtain wall unit according to the importance weight of Customer Attributes(CAs).

An analytical study was performed to apply upgrading design of the shape of established transmission tower. Finite analysis of transmission tower using beam element and shell element perform and Propose of analytical ultimate strength of member based on nonlinear analysis of local and partial finite element model used. Providing an design guide to development of limit state design specification for electric transmission tower.

전력 설비의 기능 저하와 노후화는 전력 시스템의 신뢰성과 안정성에 치명적인 영향을 미치므로, 신속하게 효과적인 유지보수 전략을 수립하는 것이 중요하다. 기존의 정수 계획법 기반의 최적화 전략은 전역 최적해를 보장하지만, 대규모 시스템에서 지수적으로 증가하는 시간 복잡도로 인해 응용 범위가 제한된다. 본 논문은 최적해에 준하는 유지보수 전략을 수 초 내에 도출하기 위해, 전력 설비 유지보수 최적화 문제에서 일반적으로 사용하는 SOS1(Special Ordered Set Type 1) 구조를 활용한 SAIR(SOS1-Aware Iterative Rounding Framework) 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 SAIR은 결정 변수의 이진 제약 조건을 완화하여 유지보수 전략 최적화 문제를 선형 계획법 문제로 변환하고, SOS1 구조를 활용하여 탐색 공간을 설비 단위로 축소한다. 또한, 최소 엔트로피 기반 설비 선택 및 예산 인지 기반 유지보수 전략 선택 기법을 통해 전력 설비 유지보수 전략 문제에서 준최적해의 품질을 체계적으로 향상시킨다. 합성 데이터 기반 벤치마크 환경에서 다양한 규모의 시스템 복잡도에 대해 실험한 결과, 제안하는 SAIR은 전역 최적해 대비 0.09%의 목적함수 격차만을 보이며 전역 최적해 수준의 유지보수 전략을 도출하는 동시에 계산 시간을 평균 1512배 단축하여(평균 0.2492초) 계산 효율성을 크게 높일 수 있음을 보였다. 특히, 단순 휴리스틱 기반의 유지보수 계획 기법이 빈번하게 제약조건을 위배하여 무효한 해를 도출하는 것과 달리, SAIR은 모든 실험에서 유효한 전략을 도출하여 제안하는 기법의 유효성을 확인하였다.

Degradation and aging of power facilities critically impact the reliability and stability of power systems, necessitating the prompt establishment of effective maintenance strategies. Conventional optimization strategies based on integer programming guarantee globally optimal solutions, but their exponentially increasing time complexity in large-scale systems limits their applicability. To derive maintenance strategies comparable to the optimal solution within seconds, this paper proposes the SOS1-Aware Iterative Rounding Framework (SAIR), which leverages the Special Ordered Set Type 1 (SOS1) structure commonly used in the power facility maintenance optimization problem. The proposed SAIR transforms the maintenance strategy optimization problem into a linear programming problem by relaxing the binary constraints of the decision variables and utilizes the SOS1 structure to reduce the search space at the facility level. Furthermore, it systematically enhances the quality of near-optimal solutions in the power facility maintenance strategy problem through minimum entropy-based facility selection and budget-aware maintenance strategy selection techniques. In benchmark experiments using synthetic data across various system complexity environments, the proposed SAIR significantly enhances computational efficiency, achieving a maintenance strategy quality comparable to the globally optimal solution with an objective function gap of only 0.09%, while simultaneously reducing computation time by a factor of 1512 on average (0.2492 seconds on average). Notably, unlike simple heuristic-based maintenance planning methods that frequently violate constraints and yield invalid solutions, SAIR derived valid strategies in all experiments, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

오늘날 시대는 라곰(Lagom), 오캄(Au Calme), 휘게(Hygge) 등으로도 불리는 소확 행(小確幸)에서부터 기술과 약물 등을 통한 쾌락에 이르기까지 행복을 욕망하는 시대 라고 할 수 있다. 누구나 행복하기를 꿈꾸지만, 누구나 도달할 수 있는 것은 아니며, 오늘날에는 쾌락이나 행복에 이르는 길도 매우 다양하다. 종교교육학자인 안톤 부허 (Anton Bucher)는 근대에 들어서면서 행복과 운명의 여신들은 과거의 지위를 잃어버 렸고, 그로 인해 행복과 행복에 대한 책임은 우리 “인간 자신의 손에 놓이게 되었다” 라고 말한다. 그래서 오늘날 행복은 직접적으로 느끼고, 오로지 개인의 판단 속에서만 가능한 지극히 개인적이고, 주관적인 것이 되었다. 또한 기술시대를 사는 많은 이들이 모든 문제, 사회적인 문제들뿐 아니라, 심지어 행복과 같은 감정적이고 개인적인 문제 까지도 기술로 해결할 수 있을 거라고 철석같이 믿고 있다. 이러한 경향을 ‘솔루셔니 즘(solutionism)’이라 부르는데, 솔루셔니즘은 인간 심리에 대한 조금의 인식이 없어도 컴퓨터 조작과 같은 기술적 작업을 통해 모든 문제를 해결할 수 있다고 믿는 것을 말 한다. 하지만 개인의 문제는 말할 것도 없고, 사회적 문제 역시 기술적 수단만으로는 해결할 수 없는 경우가 실제로는 더 많다. 또한 근시안적 혹은 일시적 해결에 매몰될 때 기술을 통한 해결은 전혀 예기치 못한 결과들을 낳기도 한다. 기술을 통해 어떠한 문제를 해결한다는 것은 그것이 지닌 사회적, 역사적 맥락을 고려한 것이라기보다는 표면적으로 드러나는 현상이나 문제들에 초점을 맞추어 그것을 해결하려는 시도이다. 그렇기 때문에 그 문제를 일으키는 원인이 겉으로 드러나지 않거나 여러 상황과 맥락 이 복합적으로 작용하고 있을 때는 기술만으로 그 원인을 해결하거나 제거할 수는 없 을 것이다. 이것은 어떠한 문제를 해결할 때뿐만이 아니라, 만족감, 충만함, 행복감과 같은 감정이나 정서를 북돋으려 할 때도 마찬가지다. 본 논문에서는 기술에 대한 이 러한 비판적 입장을 견지하면서, 먼저 기술 시대 행복의 기준과 조건으로 제시되고 있는 ‘즉시성과 감각 증강,’ ‘효율성과 최적화’에 대해서 살펴보고, 이어서 개인윤리, 직 업윤리, 그리고 사회윤리와 정치윤리의 측면에서 오늘날의 기술에 대한 윤리적 우려 세 가지와 기술과 행복의 관계를 톺아보고자 한다. 마지막으로는 행복의 반대라 일컬 어지는 ‘슬픔’과 같은 부정적 느낌이 기술 시대에 필요한 이유와 신앙인으로 우리가 가져야 할 ‘영적 경험으로서의 행복’에 대해 살펴봄으로써, 신앙인으로서 우리가 기술 시대의 윤리적 문제에 대해 분명한 입장을 밝히는 것이 필요함을 드러내고자 한다.

Today’s era can be characterized as the age of the desire for happiness, from the small things, also known as Lagom, Au Calme, and Hygge, to the pleasure of technology and drugs. Everyone wants to be happy, but not everyone can achieve it, and today there are many different paths to pleasure or happiness. Anton Bucher, a scholar of religious education, says that in modern times, the goddesses of happiness and fate have lost their status, and the responsibility for happiness and well-being has been placed in our “own hands”. Happiness has become an intensely personal and subjective thing that can only be directly felt and judged by the individual. In addition, many people in the technological age are convinced that technology can solve all problems, including social problems, and even emotional and personal problems like happiness. This tendency is called “solutionism,” which is the belief that all problems can be solved through technical operations, such as computer manipulation, without the slightest awareness of human psychology. However, the reality is that many social problems, not to mention individual problems, cannot be solved by technical means alone. In addition, technology can have unforeseen consequences if it is used for short-sighted or temporary solutions. Solving a problem with technology is an attempt to solve it by focusing on the surface phenomena or problems rather than considering the social and historical context in which it exists. Therefore, if the causes of a problem are not obvious or are a combination of different situations and contexts, it is unlikely that technology alone can solve or eliminate them. This is true not only when trying to solve a problem, but also when trying to promote feelings or emotions such as contentment, fulfillment, or happiness. In keeping with this critical stance toward technology, this paper will first examine the “immediacy,” “sensory augmentation,” and “efficiency and optimization” that have been proposed as criteria and conditions for happiness in the technological age, and then raise three ethical concerns about technology and its relationship to happiness in terms of personal, professional, and social and political ethics. Finally, we will examine why sadness, the opposite of happiness, is necessary in the age of technology, and the role of happiness as a spiritual experience for people of faith, demonstrating the need for us as people of faith to take a clear stand on ethical issues in the age of technology.

We studied the effects of initial pH, different nitrogen sources, and cultivation methods (shake flask and static culture) on biomass production, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and adenosine by Paecilomyces tenuipes. Relatively low pH levels were optimal for mycelial growth and EPS production. Yeast extract was the most effective organic nitrogen source for EPS production, whereas soybean extract was the best for adenosine production. A high C/N ratio was beneficial for adenosine production; however, excessively high C/N ratios reduced adenosine production. Static fermentation significantly increased adenosine production. A Box-Behnken design was used to optimize adenosine production; the optimal conditions for adenosine production by P. tenuipes were pH 7.0, soybean concentration of 3%, and a static culture period of 20 days, with the maximum adenosine production of 141.10 mg/L (predicted value: 128.05 mg/L).

과학 기술의 발전으로 전장의 영역이 확대되고 있고 전자파와 네트워크를 통한 사이버전자전 개념이 제시되었다. 사이버전 자전 영역에서 활용되는 다양한 무기체계들 중 드론은 배터리, 항법장치 등의 발전을 통해 활용도가 증대되고 있다. 한편, 드 론 위협에 대응하기 위해 다양한 드론 탐지 기술들이 활용되고 있으며, 그 중 레이다는 장거리 탐지가 가능하고 기상의 영향 을 받지 않아 핵심적인 기능을 수행한다. 그러나 전장 환경에서는 높은 신호 잡음이 발생하여 탐지 정확도가 감소하며, 탐지 자산의 안전성과 효율성이 보장되어야 하는 특수한 상황이 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 사이버전자전의 작전 환경을 고려 하여 잡음 제거를 위한 신호처리, 저피탐 레이다의 활용, 레이다 운용 개수 최적화 방법 등 드론 탐지 레이다의 운용 발전 방 안을 제시한다.

The progress in science and technology has widened the scope of the battlefield, leading to the emergence of cyber elec tronic warfare that exploits electromagnetic waves and networks. Drones have become more important due to advancemen ts in battery technology and navigation systems. Nevertheless, tackling drone threats comes with its own set of difficultie s. Radar plays a vital role in detecting drones, offering long-range capabilities and independence from weather conditions. However, the battlefield presents unique challenges like dealing with high levels of signal noise and ensuring the safety of the detection assets. This paper proposes various approaches to improve the operation of drone detection radar in cyber el ectronic warfare, with a focus on enhancing signal processing techniques, utilizing low probability of interception (LPI) rad ar, and implementing optimized deployment strategies.

본 논문에서는 기계학습과 관련된 다양한 사례들에 대한 연구를 바탕으로 기계학습 응용 및 학습 알고리즘의 성능 개선 방안을 제시한다. 이를 위해 기계학습 기법을 적용하여 결과를 얻어낸 문헌을 자료로 수집하고 학문 분야로 나누어 각 분야에서 적합한 기계학습 기법을 선택 및 추천하였다. 공학에서는 SVM, 의학에서는 의사결정나무, 그 외 분야에서는 SVM이 빈번한 이용 사례와 분류/예측의 측면에서 그 효용성을 보였다. 기계학습의 적용 사례 분석을 통해 응용 방안의 일반적 특성화를 꾀할 수 있었다. 적용 단계는 크게 3단계로 이루어진다. 첫째, 데이터 수집, 둘째, 알고리즘을 통한 데이터 학습, 셋째, 알고리즘에 대한 유의미성 테스트 이며, 각 단계에서의 알고리즘의 결합을 통해 성능을 향상시킨다. 성능 개선 및 향상의 방법은 다중 기계학습 구조 모델링과 +α 기계학습 구조 모델링 등으로 분류한다.

This paper aims to present the way to bring about significant results through performance improvement of learning algorithm in the research applying to machine learning. Research papers showing the results from machine learning methods were collected as data for this case study. In addition, suitable machine learning methods for each field were selected and suggested in this paper. As a result, SVM for engineering, decision-making tree algorithm for medical science, and SVM for other fields showed their efficiency in terms of their frequent use cases and classification/prediction. By analyzing cases of machine learning application, general characterization of application plans is drawn. Machine learning application has three steps: (1) data collection; (2) data learning through algorithm; and (3) significance test on algorithm. Performance is improved in each step by combining algorithm. Ways of performance improvement are classified as multiple machine learning structure modeling, +α machine learning structure modeling, and so forth.

CIS nations are recognized as an emerging market recently because there are abundant natural resources and a lot of investment demand. Furthermore, they are located in the middle of Europe and Asia and that make them have more strategic importance as a logistics hub. So many global companies including domestic ones began to advance into the on-site. and this tendency will be strong. On the contrary, a research in logistics environment of CIS has rarely been done. This paper provides a way of systematic approach to design logistics network in CIS with real business case and shows the analyzed result of optimization simulation that includes factors having a huge influence on the overall logistics cost.

CIS nations are recognized as a emerging market recently because there are abundant natural resources and a lots of investment demand. Furthermore, they are located in the middle of Europe and Asia and that make them have more strategic importance as a logistics hub. So many global companies including domestic ones began to advance into the on-site. and henceforth this tendency will be strong. On the contrary, a research in logistics environment of CIS has rarely been done. This paper provides a way of systematic approach to design logistics network in CIS with real business case and shows the analyzed result of optimization simulation that includes factors have a huge influence on the overall logistics cost.