Earticle

Aerial Computing, utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has emerged as a promising solution to enhance mobile cloud computing (MCC) infrastructure for the Internet of Things (IoT). The continuous generation of vast amounts of data by IoT devices requires efficient processing and monitoring for timely decision-making. However, wireless connections between IoT devices and remote servers can be unreliable, resulting in data loss. UAVs, with their increasing processing power and autonomy, can act as bridges between IoT devices and remote servers such as edge or cloud computing. In that context, this paper proposes a continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) models for an aerial computing system to evaluate system dependability metrics including availability and reliability. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to provide extended CTMC models with improved system availability. The proposed advanced model reduces downtime by 62 h compared to the baseline model, showcasing the potential of UAVs in enhancing the availability and reliability of MCC infrastructures. The use of UAVs and MCC in aerial computing is believed to be a win?win solution for cost-effective and energy-saving communication and computation services in various environments.

Recently, most people have no doubt about the fast-growing trend of mobile cloud computing, so there may be some determinants of adoption of mobile cloud mitigate uncertainty perceptions. In this paper, these concerns will be discussed through an empirical analysis in terms of the principal-agent perspective and assume that fears of service provider opportunism, perceived information asymmetry, information privacy & security concerns works as uncertainty antecedents of mobile cloud utilization, otherwise trust, convenience, social presence works as uncertainty motivators. This research is intended to find out the determinants of individual users adoption of mobile cloud computing.

최근 스마트폰 및 모바일 장치의 성능(듀얼코어)이 급격히 성장하고, 사용자의 증가, 무 선 통신 환경의 발전으로 모 바일 장치들을 연산 가능한 자원으로 고려하는 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 모바일 장 치는 무선 통신 환 경의 불안정한 대역폭, 불안정한 전원 공급, 모바일 장치의 이동에 의한 네트워크 연결 끊 김 등의 동적 환경 에 대해 문제를 가진다. 또한 모바일 장치는 연산 수행의 참여와 이탈이 되는 휘발성의 특 성과 서로 다른 성능 차이로 인한 이질성의 특성을 갖고 있다. 이러한 모바일 장치들은 모바일 환경의 고유 특성들로 인해 신뢰적인 서비스 제공에 한계가 생기게 된다. 따라서 자원을 관리하는 스케줄러에서는 안 정적인 연산 수행 을 처리하기 위해 신뢰적인 자원에 작업을 할당해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 자원의 가 용성과 이동에 대한 신뢰성을 고려하여 신뢰적인 연산처리를 할 수 있는 자원 선택 기법을 제공한다.

The researches on utilizing mobile devices as resources in mobile cloud environments have been gained attentions recently, because the population of smart phone's or other mobile device's users grows fast (Dual Core). But mobile devices have several problems, such as unstable wireless connection, limitation of power capacity and frequent location changes. These mobile devices have the characteristics of the volatility according to perform the operations and the characteristics of the heterogeneity according to the different performance differences. These mobile devices are limited to provide a reliable service due to the unique characteristics of mobile environments. Therefore, a resource scheduler should be assigned the task on reliable resources to perform a stable operation. In this paper, we provide a resource selection technique that reliable operations that take the availability and reliability of mobile resources into account can be processed.

모바일 클라우드 컴퓨팅 시스템은 일반적으로 데이터 보호와 상호 인증을 위하여 공개키 암호화 기법을 사용하고 있는데 최근 전통적인 공개키 암호화 기술의 변형인 ID-기반 암호화(IBC)가 주목받고 있다. IBC의 증명서-무통제 접근은클라우드 환경의 동적인 성격에 더 적합하지만, 모바일 장치에 대하여 처리 오버헤드를 최소화하는 보안 프레임워크가필요하다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 클라우드 컴퓨팅에서의 계층적 ID-기반 암호화(HIBE)의 사용을 제안한다. HIBE는 사용자 인증과 개인키 생성 등의 권한을 위임하여 최상위 공개키 생성기의 업무량을 감소시킬 수 있으므로 모바일 네트워크에 적합하다. 모바일 클라우드 시스템에서 ID-기반 인증과 ID-기반 신분확인 기법을 제안하고, 또한 안전한 데이터처리를 위한 ID-기반 인증 스킴에 대하여 기술하였다. 제안된 스킴은 단방향 해쉬 함수와 XOR 연산으로 설계하여 모바일 사용자를 위한 저 계산 비용을 갖는다.

Most mobile cloud computing system use public key cryptography to provide data security and mutual authentication. A variant of traditional public key technologies called Identity-Based Cryptography(IBC) has recently received considerable attention. The certificate-free approach of IBC may well match the dynamic qualities of cloud environment. But, there is a need for a lightweight secure framework that provides security with minimum processing overhead on mobile devices. In this paper, we propose to use hierarchical ID-Based Encryption in mobile cloud computing. It is suitable for a mobile network since it can reduce the workload of root Public Key Generators by delegating the privilege of user authentication and private key generation. The Identity-Based Encryption and Identity-Based Signature are also proposed and an ID-Based Authentication scheme is presented to secure data processing. The proposed scheme is designed by one-way hash functions and XOR operations, thus has low computation costs for mobile users

The recent development of mobile devices, including smartphones has maximized the user’þs convenience. This phenomenon has triggered the specification and activation of mobile cloud service and transformed the user’ÿs information usage and communication means. Despite such development of new technology, there is little understanding of mobile cloud. Therefor, in order to help the understanding of the usage of mobile cloud computing technology, this study developed the research model based on the UTAUT (the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology) model. The proposed research model included five external determinants, such as Interoperability, Information Organization, Adequacy, Information Security and Context Awareness, along with the moderating effects of Job Relevance, and empirically proved their influence on the user's job performance. This study proved the research model by analyzing the data collected from 287 copies of survey with the structural equation modeling approach. The result showed that all determinants, except Information Security have positive impact on the usage of mobile cloud computing technology. Thus, this study can compliment the limitations of previous research, suggest a new direction to analyze the user's perspective in the related research on mobile cloud and build a theoretical foundation for the further development of mobile cloud.

Mobile cloud computing refers to the incorporation of the elements of mobile networks and cloud computing that offers optimal services for mobile users. It offers on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. The more and more information is placed into the cloud by individuals and enterprises, security issues begins to grow and raised. This paper discusses the different security issues that arise about how safe the mobile cloud computing environment is. The list of considerations for cloud computing security are identified and discussed which needs to be understood and assess the risks associated.

In recent years, lots of studies have been in progress around the world to solve the problem of global warming. The reduction of CO2 would be important to solve the global warming problem. Probably the production and conservation of energy might be thought to be highly crucial. Also it would be important to produce new energy with high efficiency. In addition, the efficient use of the current energy might be also an important issue. Therefore, this paper focused on the development of devices for reducing electricity as a primary energy source for mobile cloud computing, which can be utilized in homes, shops, buildings, factories and so on. Moreover, we should further emphasize to develop the inference engine as core component. As a result, this paper proposes an efficient electricity saving system for reducing the electricity consumption using the mobile cloud computing technique and SARIMA model. Performance evaluation is carried out for showing the effectiveness of the proposed system.

The rapid pace of growth in internet usage and rich mobile applications and with the advantage of incredible usage of internet enabled mobile devices the Green Mobile Crowd Computing will be the suitable area to research combining with cloud services architecture. Our proposed Framework will deploy the eHealth among various health care sectors and pave a way to create a Green Mobile Application to provide a better and secured way to access the Products/ Information/ Knowledge, eHealth services, experts / doctors globally. This green mobile crowd computing and cloud architecture for healthcare information systems are expected to lower costs, improve efficiency and reduce error by also providing better consumer care and service with great transparency to the patient universally in the field of medical health information technology. Here we introduced novel architecture to use of cloud services with crowd sourcing.

A method had been constructed for mobile cloud computation offloading switch based on decision value model. In this method, two important ratios had been built: one is the calculation ratio which are offloaded on a proxy server completed tasks time and at the mobile node completed tasks time. Another is the calculation ratio which is offloaded on proxy server completed tasks energy and at the mobile node completed tasks energy. And then, decision value function was produced by combining with these two ratios. Finally, consider the optimization switch problem of computing tasks between different proxy servers. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a smaller time consumption and energy consumption by comparing with random offloading switch and minimum time-based offloading switch, and battery remaining of mobile node can be used rationally.

Cloud computing is a popular technology that provides services to the users on demand and on pay-per-usage fee that is they only pay for the data utilized when required. With the vast growth in the use of mobile phone applications, the users are relying on their phones for their personal as well as professional work and suffering from many problems (storage, processing, security etc). To overcome these limitations and growth in the use of cloud applications, a new development area has emerged recently called as Mobile cloud computing. Mobile cloud computing is an integration of three technologies cloud computing, mobile computing and internet, enabling the users to access the services at any time and from any place. Mobile phones are sensitive devices and the personal data is not secured when user stores data on cloud and can be easily attacked by unauthorized person. This paper presents a high level authentication and encryption model through a mobile application that encrypts the data before moving it to the cloud that ensures the security and the strong user authentication.

모바일 클라우드 컴퓨팅은 모바일 기기의 자원 제약적인 문제를 해결하기 위해 클라우드 서비스를 활용한다. 이렇게 모바일 기기에서 수행해야할 작업을 클라우드로 위임하는 것을 오프로딩이라고 하고 에너지 소모의 관점에서 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 응답 시간의 관점에서 오프로딩 기법 적용의 효율성을 측정하기 위해 센 싱 데이터 동기화를 고려한 응답 시간 모델을 설계하였다. 제안 모델에서는 클라우드에서 모바일 기기가 요청한 작업 을 처리할 때 필요한 센싱 데이터에 대한 동기화 작업을 고려하여 정교한 응답 시간 예측을 가능하도록 했으며 모의실 험을 통해 새로운 센서 데이터의 발생 비율과 동기화 주기가 응답 시간에 어떤 영향을 주는지를 확인하였다.

Mobile cloud computing uses cloud service to solve the resource constraint problem of mobile devices. Offloading means that a task executed on the mobile device commits to cloud and many studies related to the energy consumption have been researched. In this paper, we designed a response time model considering sensing data synchronization to estimate the efficiency of the offloading scheme in terms of the response time. The proposed model considers synchronization of required sensing data to improve the accuracy of response time estimation when cloud processes the task requested from a mobile device. We found that the response time is effected by new sensing data generation rate and synchronization period through simulation results.

Mobile devices are increasingly becoming famous in the current times. Limited computing resources are still a hindrance for resource intensive computations. Several frameworks have been established to enable cloud -based mobile augmentation (CMA) approach be followed by mobile applications. CMA has a strategy of dynamic outsourcing resource intensive tasks to the external resources. CMA’s state of art mobile augmentation model employs resource- rich clouds to increase, enhance and optimize mobile device. Augmented mobile devices in the cloud are geared towards extensive computations and storage of big data beyond the device capabilities with little or no traceable footprint and vulnerabilities. CMA has made efforts towards exploiting various cloud- based computing resources especially the distant clouds and proximate mobile nodes to augment mobile devices. Task scheduling is one of the approaches that are well elaborated using computations in this paper that is employed to reduce execution time.

Building applications on on-demand infrastructures instead of building applications on fixed and rigid infrastructures was provided by cloud computing provides. By simply tapping into the cloud, enterprises can gain fast access to business applications or infrastructure resources with reduced Capital Expenditure (CAPEX). The more and more information is placed into the cloud by individuals and enterprises, security issues begins to grow and raised. This paper discusses the different security issues that arise about how safe the mobile cloud computing environment is.

Many Palestinian higher education institutions had a successful experience in utilizing Electronic Services and Electronic learning, such as all the academic services for student and lecturer, schedule lectures, exams schedule, viewing the academic information, grades report, printing transcript, registering courses, library services, Email services, News and Announcements, but these services are supported by web based applications or desktop application which restrict the access of the users using computers or laptops, But there is a lack in supporting these services with mobile. Especially when dealing with sensitive data as inserting grades for courses. So in this paper we present a system called Secure Mobile Cloud Computing for Sensitive Data: Teacher Services for Palestinian Higher Education Institutions (MCCTSs) which is a mobile application to facilities access using RSA algorithm to encrypt the data which sent and received through Cloud computing application. MCCTSs serve the lecturers of Palestinian higher education institutions. Agile methodology was adapted to develop MCCTSs application. MCCTSs users successfully insert the grades securely and encrypted any time anywhere using RSA algorithm. It is hoped that the result of this study will encourage the universities to engage MCCTSs in their services. From the results we obtained, it is proved that RSA provides protection for the data, which is stored in Cloud. Only authorized user can read the encrypted data and decrypt it. Even if anyone happens to read the data accidentally, the original meaning of the data will not be understood.

Cloud computing is a concept that provides services on demand and follows pay-as-you-use approach. Mobile devices that uses cloud computational power and Internet accessibility composed to create a new stream which is called mobile cloud computing and provides services like anytime and anywhere for the enterprise. Enterprise architecture will take care of organizational principles that align the business functional principles with information technology. In this paper, we have looked into the usage of mobility through the power of cloud computing for corporate sector. A critical review and gap analysis between existence models is also provided.

Mobile devices are playing a vital role in information processing systems in day to day life. Current trend suggests that smart phones are going to be the first-most computing devices which many people will carry with them for maximum time everywhere. However, smart phones are still lacking behind the essential resources. This demands the need for Mobile Cloud Computing, where the key elements of data storage and data processing are carried outside the mobile devices. So this provides flexibility to mobile users as, the application and the data stored remotely can be accessed on-the-fly with high speed networks. Variation among the mobile network on basis of elements such as, bandwidth, unstable network and its uncertain availability are barriers for Quality Of Services in the performance. Thus the solution is to connect the mobile devices heterogeneously where they work collaboratively as resource providers. Our mechanism suggest for “Mobile to Hub to Cloud” model which can tackles the network disparity problem. A scenario gives the perfect example for the need of such model, mobile users in areas with infrastructure where the costs of accessing the network is too high, such as traveler who doesn’t wished to pay high roaming charges. Thus the suggested model can evaluate the following options: storing data in mobile hubs and improving the message delivery performance. So as in our example, traveler now can push the data onto the mobile buffers or hubs which in turn will send it to the cloud server.

With the development of Internet of things, especially the development of mobile Internet, electric vehicle charging device and location data and power allocation can reach the cloud through mobile Internet, providing reliable basis for public decision-making and public services. However, the provided real-time performance and cost is the key problem of the implementation of the vehicle area network cloud computing. In this paper, aiming at this problem, proposing the mobile Internet scheduling and transmission strategy based on cloud computing, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Now-a-days Mobile-Cloud Computing is a global computing infrastructure. Mobile-Cloud computing is the combination of mobile computing and cloud computing. Today’s smart phones are facing problem of small size and low battery life. One of the solutions to the problem of size of the mobile devices is by using the mobile device via extra touchpad device either by wireless fidelity network or Bluetooth. Low battery can be replaced by a powerful battery. The problem in cloud network is the higher response time of nodes while performing data communication through co-operative caching. This problem can be overcome by placing a Central Controller device as a hub in star topology network. The Central Controller device keeps track of the status of all other devices during the communication by running passive scan over the devices.

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) is a relatively new concept that leverages the combination of cloud technology, mobile computing, and wireless networking to enrich the usability experiences of mobile users. Many field of application such as mobile health, mobile learning, mobile commerce and mobile entertainment are now taking advantage of MCC technologies. Since MCC is new, there is need to advance research in MCC in order to deepen practice. Currently, what exist are mostly descriptive literature reviews in the area of MCC. In this paper, a systematic literature review (SLR), which offers a structured, methodical, and rigorous approach to the understanding of the trend of research in MCC, and the least and most researched issue is presented. The objective of the study is to provide a credible intellectual guide for upcoming researchers in MCC to help them identify areas in MCC research where they can make the most impact. The SLR was limited to peer-reviewed conference papers and journal articles published from 2002 to 2014. The study reveals that privacy, security and trust in MCC are the least researched, whereas issues of architecture, context awareness and data management have been averagely researched, while issues on operations, end users, service and applications have received a lot of attention in the literature. Keywords: Mobile Cloud Computing, systematic literature