Earticle

In this paper, I present the evolution of an ongoing training workshop for community interpreters who provide interpreting services to members of ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. This is a case study using participatory action research (PAR) methods of reflective examinations and multi-stakeholders participation. The focus of this paper is on training materials and assessment methods. The concept of evolution is key to this study because the design and delivery of the skill-based training workshop have been evolving. One of the reasons why constant modification has been necessary is that literature that deals specifically with the design and delivery of training for community interpreters is scarce. Related works are general in nature, such as a description of a BA program (van den Boaerde, 2007) or a general introduction to different training program available in one country (Niska, 2007). Due to the lack of a readily available training template, when I conducted the first workshop, the design resembled closely the format of training workshops for conference interpreters, the only form of training I was familiar with. But as I learned more about the nature of community interpreting and the needs of participants and stakeholders, I had to make changes in how the workshop was conducted. This paper focuses on training materials and assessment methods because these are the two most challenging issues faced by me as a trainer. Normally, interpreting trainers are familiar with both the source and target languages that trainees work with. In this workshop, however, participants are from different countries and speak different languages. The only language that we all have in common is English, a second language to both me and all the participants. At the same time, English cannot be the target language because I do not know their native languages, therefore it is impossible for me to identify appropriate source language training materials in their native tongues. But when the source language is English, it is equally impossible for me to assess if the target language renditions are accurate. Consequently, I have had to constantly change the training materials and assessment approach. In the process of modification, I had to reconcile my own ignorance about community interpreting, strike a balance between the voices of different stakeholders and participants, and discover the needs of participants attending the workshop and explore ways to meet their needs. Since the purpose of this workshop is to train newly recruited interpreters, the backgrounds and needs of each batch of participants vary and constant adjustment is needed. Therefore, this is a report not of a completed project, but of a project in progress.

As Japan becomes an increasingly multilingual and multicultural society, there is a pressing need for the cultivation of community interpreters who can serve as a bridge between foreign residents and the host society in accessing public resources such as government, education, medical and legal services. This need was further emphasized by the recent earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident that struck Eastern Japan on March 11th, 2011. Building on its 26 language departments, the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies initiated its Community Interpreting Program in the summer of 2010 in order to provide practical training not only to current college students, but to employees of regional government offices and international centers, whose jobs involve frequent contact with foreign residents. The program is unique in the diversity of the languages covered and its dedication to cultivating interpreters with the flexibility and expertise to offer interpreting services for such high-stake situations as professional consultations and disaster situations. The Community Interpreting Program offers its graduates opportunities to acquire professional experience through practicums coordinated with external organizations such as bar associations. During these practicums, the graduates are given the opportunity to collaborate with clients to review and critique their own interpreting performance. Given that there is no national qualification system for community interpreters, there is a need to create infrastructure that enables participants to continuously sustain programs of self-study, while maintaining “mileage” logs of their interpreting work. Meanwhile, with current community interpreting courses deriving their content mostly from conference interpreting training methods, there is a need to carefully assess the actual needs of the market and design multilingual, interactive curricula tailored to those demands.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the effects of a multifaceted cognitive training program on cognitive function, depression, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in community dwelling elders with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were recruited from a community health center in D metropolitan city and were assigned to the experimental or control group. Weekly 50-minute session intervention was delivered to the experimental group over 12 weeks. 8 weeks and 12weeks after intervention, the changes in cognitive function, depression, and IADL in the groups were measured and compared. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: When compared with their counterparts (n=15), the elders in the experimental group (n=12) showed significant improvement in cognitive function and depression at week 12. The mean scores of IADL at week 12 were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that this multifaceted cognitive training program is effective in improving cognitive function, depression, and avoiding deterioration of IADL among elders with mild cognitive impairment.

목적 : 개발된 이중과제 인지훈련(두뇌차차 프로그램)과 tDCS의 병행 적용이 지역사회 거주 노인의 인지기능향상에 미치는 효과를 실증적으로 검토하고, 지역사회 내 치매 관리 및 예방의 가능성을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 강원특별자치도 내 경로당을 이용하는 65세 이상 노인 14명을 대상으로 단순 무작위 배정을통하여 실험군 7명, 대조군 7명으로 구성하였으며, 이 중 대조군 1명이 중도 탈락하여 최종 13명이 본실험에 참여하였다. 실험군은 이중과제 인지훈련과 tDCS를 병행하였고, 대조군은 동일한 이중과제 인지훈련만 수행하였다. 중재는 주 1회, 총 8회기로 구성되었으며, 1회기당 30분간 진행되었다. 평가는 전반적 인지기능(CIST, K-MoCA), 전반적 퇴화척도(GDS), 수단적 일상생활활동(K-IADL), 주의력(AQS)의변화를 측정하였다. 통계 분석은 SPSS ver 27.0을 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 실험군에서 인지 선별검사(CIST)와 한국판 몬트리올 인지 평가(K-MoCA)에서 통계적으로 유의미한 인지기능 향상이 나타났으며(p < .05), 전반적 퇴화척도(GDS), 수단적 일상생활활동(K-IADL), 주의력 설문지(AQS)에서는 통계적으로 유의한 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 대조군은 모든 항목에서 통계적으로유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 집단 간 비교에서는 CIST 항목에서 실험군이 대조군보다 유의미하게높은 변화량을 보였다(p < .05). 결론 : 이중과제 인지훈련과 tDCS를 병행한 중재는 지역사회 거주 노인의 인지기능 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 특히 CIST와 K-MOCA에서 유의미한 인지기능 개선이 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 병행중재의 활용 가능성을 보여주는 기초 자료로 해석될 수 있으나, 제한된 표본 수와 중재 기간 등의 연구적 요인을 고려할 때, 해석에는 신중함이 요구된다. 향후에는 장기적 추적과 뇌 영상 기반 평가를 포함한 후속 연구가 필요하다.

Objective : This study examined the effects of combined dual-task cognitive training (Brain-Cha-Cha Program) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Methods : Fourteen older adults aged ≥65 years were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 7) or a control group (n = 7). One participant in the control group withdrew, resulting in 13 final participants. The experimental group received dual-task cognitive training with tDCS, and the control group received only the same training. The intervention was conducted once weekly for 8 sessions lasting 30 minutes each. Measures included CIST, K-MoCA, GDS, K-IADL, and AQS. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Results : The experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in CIST and K-MoCA scores (p < .05), while no significant changes were observed in GDS, K-IADL, and AQS. The control group showed no significant improvement in any measure. Betweengroup comparison indicated a significant difference in CIST scores favoring the experimental group. Conclusions : The combined intervention may enhance cognitive function in older adults. However, the small sample size and short intervention period may limit generalizability. Further studies with larger samples and neurophysiological assessments are recommended to validate these findings.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training among Korean older adults in a community and the factors associated with CPR training. Methods: A total of 51,939 elders were selected and analyzed using the 2022 Community Health Survey. The collected data were analysed using the Rao-Scott test and logistic regression via the SAS 9.4 program. Results: A total of 7.3% of older adults received CPR training. Factors influencing CPR training were age (odds ratio [OR]=4.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.55~8.90), level of education (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.77~3.33), region (OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.05~1.27), working (OR=3.68, 95% CI=3.33~4.07), and subjective health status (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.37~1.79). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there is a need to explore various ways to improve CPR training for community older adults who are vulnerable to emergency situations.

본 연구는 서울지역교육복지센터 지역사회교육전문가를 대상으로 교육복지 사례관리 교육프 로그램을 실시하고 그 효과성을 검증하기 위해 혼합연구 방법을 적용하였다. 연구참여자는 비 동일 비교집단 설계에 따라 총 19명으로 구성되었으며, 실험집단 9명과 비교집단 10명으로 구 분하였다. 교육프로그램은 2025년 6월부터 11월까지 총 14회기(회기당 120분)로 운영되었고, 사례관리자의 전문성 강화를 목표로 한 실천기반형․성찰형 교육모델로 설계되었다. 양적 분 석에서는 사례관리자의 효능감과 전문성에 대한 사전․사후검사를 실시하고, 비모수통계인 Mann–Whitney U 검정을 통해 효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 실험집단에서 사례관리자의 효능 감과 전문성 수준이 비교집단보다 유의하게 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 질적 분석에서는 실험집 단 중 5명을 대상으로 집단심층면접(FGI)을 실시하여 프로그램 참여 경험을 탐색하였다. 분석 결과, 참여자들은 교육을 통해 ‘전문성 인식의 전환’, ‘실천역량의 확장’, ‘실천기반 교육 개선 요구’의 세 가지 핵심 범주와 9개의 하위범주에 해당하는 변화를 경험한 것으로 나타났다. 이 러한 결과는 양적 분석에서 확인된 사례관리자의 효능감․전문성 향상과 일치하였으며, 프로 그램이 단순한 지식 전달을 넘어 실천적 성장과 자기성찰을 촉진했음을 보여준다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 교육복지 사례관리의 전문성 강화를 위한 체계적 교육프로그램을 개발하고 그 효 과를 실증적으로 검증하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 지역사회교육전문 가의 역량강화를 위한 교육체계 구축의 필요성과 실천적․정책적 방안에 대해 제언하였다.

This study employed a mixed-methods approach to implement an educational welfare case management training program for community education specialists working at Seoul Regional Education Welfare Centers and to evaluate its effectiveness. The participants comprised 19 community education specialists assigned to a non-equivalent comparison group design, including an experimental group (n = 9) and a comparison group (n = 10). The training program was delivered in 14 sessions (120 minutes per session) between June and November 2025 and was structured as a practice-based, reflective educational model designed to enhance case management professionalism. Quantitative analysis was conducted using pre- and post-tests to measure participants’ case management efficacy and expertise, and the Mann?Whitney U test, a nonparametric statistical method, was used to verify program effectiveness. Results indicated that both efficacy and expertise levels in the experimental group improved significantly compared to the comparison group. In the qualitative analysis, a focus group interview (FGI) was conducted with five participants from the experimental group to explore their program participation experiences. Thematic analysis revealed three core categories and nine subcategories of change: transformation of professional awareness, expansion of practical capabilities, and requests for improvement in practice-based education. These findings corresponded with the quantitative results, demonstrating that the program facilitated professional growth and self-reflection beyond simple knowledge acquisition. In conclusion, this study is significant in that it developed a structured training program to strengthen professional expertise in educational welfare case management and empirically verified its effectiveness. Based on the findings, the study proposes the establishment of a systematic educational framework and policy initiatives to enhance the professional competencies of community education experts.

본 연구는 대도시 남성노숙인 시설에서 알코올 의존 노숙인들을 위한 치료공동체 프로그램을 수료하고 현재 회복 중인 6인의 회복 체험에 대한 현상학적 연구이다. 드러난 회복의 의미는 다음과 같다. 첫째 공간적 회복이다. 이들은 자신들이 누워있던 거리를 떠나 공동체에 터를 잡으면서 자신을 바라보는 새로운 시선에 둘러싸이게 된다. 둘째, 신체적 회복으로 눕던 자세에서 벗어나 몸을 일으키면서 이들은 자신의 몸과 마음의 움직임의 주체가 된다. 셋째, 연구참여자들의 시간적 회복은 과거와 현재를 수용하고 미래를 품는 현상으로 드러난다. 넷째, 관계의 회복으로 연구참여자들은 관계망을 통해 사회 내에서 자신의 자리를 만들어 간다. 이들의 사회내에서의 자리는 지위라기보다는 관계망 속에 존재한다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 알코올 의존 노숙인에 대한 개입을 위한 실천 함의를 도출하였다.

This study is phenomenological qualitative research about lived experience of recovering alcoholic homeless who had completed Therapeutic Community program. The meaning which is revealed through this study is as in the followed. First, Moving to recovering space. In Therapeutic Community, they have a turning point for new life and new connection with people who watch him carefully. Second,Physical recovery. They are no more lying down on the street. Analogy of Standing can be viewed as being most active in recovery. Third, Positioning on time flow. The recovering of time is represented by accepting past and present as well as looking ahead into the future. Fourth, Settling into network of a relation. They tried to reconnect with society by network of a relation. Their social place is located in a network, not a position. From this present study, the social work implications for the alcoholic homeless are deducted.

It has generally been accepted that the recovery of independent walking in the community have been recognized as one of the important goals in stroke rehabilitation. Previous reports to improving waking skill after stroke have concentrated on the outcome of ambulation training with a variety of tasks in changing uncontrolled environments of community. The current study was designed to evaluation the effect of community ambulation training on walking skill of patients with post-stroke hemiparesis. Twenty eight patients were randomly allocated to the experimental group(EG) or the control group(CG), with 15 and 13 subjects, respectively. All patients underwent routine physical therapy. In addition, the EG performed community ambulation training in for an hour, 3 times a week for a 4 weeks. Outcome measures were assessed by using 10m walk test(10MWT), community walk test(CWT), modified Barthel index(MBI) and berg balance scale(BBS) before and after the training. In the EG, significant improvement in the change values of the 10MWT (40.87±ﾝ26.67 m/s versus 11.19±22.39 m/s), CWT (28.98±-13.49 min 4.20±Q15.10), MBI (4.45±t5.01 versus 1.35±�2.15) and BBS (1.35±ｻ2.15 versus 5.14±ﾝ6.48) was observed than in the CG (p<.05). In comparison of comparing pre- and post-test score, there were significant differences for all variables in the EG(p<.05), whereas in the CG, significant differences showed in only MBI and BBS. These results suggest that the ambulation training can be provide additional effect when integrated ambulation training into a complex and changing environment patients with post-stroke hemiparesis and may be used as one of adjunct of therapeutic approachs for returning to community life.

Background: Community walking training is a walking program conducted outside the home to enable individuals to participate in activities such as visiting shoppin g malls, supermarkets, and banks, as well as engaging in walking, vacations, and leisure activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community w alking training for stroke patients in Korea over the past 15 years. Methods: Research trends on the effects of community walking training for str oke patients were analyzed using databases such as RISS, SCIENCE ON, and DB PIA. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Scottish Interco llegiate Guidelines Network (2013) checklist. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. In the qualitative evaluation, five studies scored 8 out of 10, while three scored between 6 and 7. Intervention sessions ranged from 30 to 65 minutes per session, with a frequency of three to five sessions per week, conducted over 4 to 8 weeks. Conclusion: Community walking training demonstrated positive effects on balance, walking ability, community participation, quality of life, depression, self-efficacy, and lower limb muscle activation in stroke patients.

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of community-based ambulation training on cognition, gait and activity of daily living for patients with dementia. Three patients with dementia participated in this study. We used a single-subject multiple baseline design to identify intervention effects. The 10 meter walk test (10MWT) and stair up and down test were measured during 19 sessions, and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUG), 6 minutes walk test (6MWT), community walk test (CWT), and modified Barthel index (MBI) were measured before and after the intervention period. Subjects of 1, 2, and 3 measured 4, 7, and 9 sessions during the baseline phase respectively, and 15, 12, and 10 sessions during the intervention phase respectively. For three patients, all the measurements was remarkably improved post test scores than pre-test scores. These results suggest that the community-based ambulation training may be helpful to increase cognition, gait and activity of daily living for patients with dementia. Further studies needs to warrant our resulting.

본 연구의 목적은 스마트교육 관련 교사연수 및 교사 학습공동체를 경험한 교사들과 그렇지 않은 교사들의 스마트교육 실천 수준을 비교하고 스마트교육 실천을 촉진하기 위한 국가 및 학교 수준의 지원 방안에 대한 현직교사들의 견해를 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위하여 권성호 외 (2012)가 스마트교육을 실천하는 교사들의 수업 성찰을 위하여 개발한 <스마트교육 자가 진단 체크리스트>를 이용하여 스마트교육의 핵심 특성을 교사들이 학교 수업에서 어느 수준으로 실 천하고 있는지 확인 하였다. 기술통계 및 독립표본 t검증을 실시하여 연구 문제를 검증하고 다 음과 같은 연구 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 스마트교육 관련 교사연수 경험 유무에 따른 교사의 스마트교육 실천 수준에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 스마트교육 관련 교사공 동체 경험 유무에 따라 교사의 스마트교육 실천 수준에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 스마트교육 실천을 위하여 현직교사들이 희망하는 국가 및 학교 수준의 지원 방안들을 살펴보았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 스마트교육에 대한 교사전문성 함양을 위한 교사연수 및 학습 공동체의 설계 및 운영에 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

The study has been conducted in order to analyze the difference of secondary teachers’ smart education teaching practice by their experiences of in-service teacher training programs and teacher learning communities for smart education. Followings are the research questions for this study. First, does the experience of teacher training program for smart education affect secondary teachers’ practice of smart education? Second, does the experience of teachers’ learning communities affect their practice of smart education? Finally, what are secondary teachers’ needs on the assistance that they like to get from their schools and government for better practice of smart education. The survey was developed using the <Checklist for self-evaluation on teachers’ practice of smart education> and conducted with 322 secondary teachers in the area of Chungcheong Province in Korea. The results are as follows. First, the experience of teacher training program for smart education did not affect teachers’ practice of smart education. Second, teachers involved in learning communities for smart education better-implemented smart education compared with teachers who have no experience of learning communities for smart education. Finally, several important teachers’ needs for better practice of smart education were analyzed.

This paper explores how a professional learning community (PLC) can be used to address pedagogical concerns and help improve both teaching skills and student satisfaction. Translator trainers frequently enter the profession without sufficient pedagogical training, compounding the challenges they face. This is especially true when teaching in institutional settings such as universities where there is little coordination or interaction among trainers. From an institutional point of view, ensuring not only high-quality training but also consistency and uniformity is critical, which points to a need for collaborative efforts on the part of trainers. This paper reports on an attempt to build a PLC of translator trainers within a graduate translator training program. Through three cycles of action research on the PLC that took place over four semesters, the trainers’ needs and concerns were identified and collaboratively addressed. To determine if the initiative had an impact on teaching quality as perceived by the students involved, a statistical analysis of the trainers’ course evaluation scores was conducted at the end of the research. The results and their pedagogical implications are then discussed together with the feasibility of PLCs in the training of translator trainers.

Korean Volunteer Fire Depatments are the representative disaster-related civilian organizations which are based on 『Firefighting Framework Act Article 37』and ordinance for complementing the lack of fire-fighting personnel and volunteer and they play a part as community safety keepers. They are operated by the National funding, but cannot be defined as the organization in governmental sources completely or pure volunteer organization in terms of its founding purpose and activities. In these special characterisics, some Volunteer Fire Departments play an important role in Civilian Volunteer Disaster Prevention by being managed effectively, but the others do not. There can be many cause-analyses about this difference. They aren't profit-making organizations and are groups which have no compulsion. So it is important that who the leader is, and what type of leadership he has. By solving this bias by considering these characteristics, in this study we make them perform the center role of community safety network through analyzing the existing status and problems of volunteer fire department education and customized training program reengineering to meet class-specific and regional level.

본 연구의 목적은 경기도교육청에서 실시한 교과연수년 직무연수에 참가하거나 운영한 교사와 교사학습공동체의 변화에 대해 살펴봄으로써 교사 전문성 개발 방법으로서 연수의 미래지향적인 방향을 모색하는 것이다. 교과연수년 직무연수는 교과교육연구회나 교사모임 같은 교사학습공동체 역량을 기반으로 하여 교사가 주도적으로 연수를 기획하고 운영하는 연수로서 교사학습공동체 구축을 목적으로 삼고 있다. 본 연구에서는 질적연구방법을 활용하여 교과연수년 연수를 통하여 이수자, 운영진, 교사학습공동체가 어떻게 변화되었는지 살펴보았다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이수자들은 수업과 학생이해능력이 향상되고 자아효능감이 향상되었으며 교사 간의 유대감이 형성되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 교사로서 반성과 성찰이 일어나며, 연수 종료 후에도 교사학습공동체 활동을 지속하면서 교사로서의 경험과 지혜를 공유하였다. 둘째, 운영진들은 교사를 더 잘 이해하게 되었으며 관점전환과 성찰이 일어나고 개혁의 주체로서 교사를 인식하게 되었다. 셋째, 교사학습공동체는 교과연수년 직무연수를 통하여 신규회원이 증가하고 구성원들이 강사활동 등을 통한 전문성이 신장되면서 양적으로나 질적으로 성장하게 되었다. 교사학습공동체 기반 연수 정착과 확산을 위해서 교사의 자발성을 보장하면서 교육청이나 국가 차원에서 교사학습공동체 연수를 교사의 학습과 역량강화를 지원하는 체제로서 적극적으로 활용하여야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of teacher in-service training in Gyeonggi Province and explore forward-looking direction of teacher professional development. Teacher in-service training in Gyeonggi is a professional learning community based training. Teachers take initiative in the planning and management of training and aim for the establishment and expansion of professional learning community. Case study was conducted to analyze changes in teachers and professional learning communities through the training. Main results are as follows. First, teachers who took the training recognized that teaching competence and knowledge of students understanding improved. They appreciated self-efficacy and strong collegiality, and took time for reflective self-examination. After the termination of the training, teachers continued to engage in professional learning community to share their experience and wisdom as a teacher with other members. Second, teachers who operated the training became to understand in depth other teachers. They reflected their lives and transformed their perspectives and recognized themselves as a change agent toward education. Third, professional learning communities developed quantitatively as well as qualitatively through the training. This study suggested that professional learning community based training should be utilized to encourage teacher professional development at the national level.

목적 : 상호작용식 메트로놈(Interactive Metronome; IM)을 이용한 반복적인 움직임 과제 훈련이 지역사회 거주 노인의 균형기능과 낙상효능감, 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : D시에 거주하는 60세 이상 노인 3명에게 회당 31분씩 11회기 동안 IM훈련을 적용하며 균형기능, 낙상효능감, 주의력의 변화 추이를 살펴본 단일대상연구로, 평가도구로는 IM Short Form Test(IM SFT), Four Step Square Test(FSST), Fullerton Advanced Balance(FAB) Scale, 한국어판 낙상효능감 척도, 한국어판 활동특이적 균형 자신감 척도와 100에서 연속으로 다섯 번 7 빼기 과제를 사용하였다. 결과 : 3명의 대상자 모두 초기기초선 기간에 비해 중재 기간의 IM SFT SRO% 평균값이 증가하였고, 중재 전에 비해 중재 후의 균형기능 평가 점수가 향상되었다. 3명의 대상자 모두 초기기초선 기간에 비하여 중재 기간 동안 주의력 평가 평균 점수가 향상되었다. 결론 : IM을 이용한 훈련이 노인의 균형기능과 인지기능을 향상시키기 위한 중재로 적용 가능함을 확인하였다.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IM training on the balance, fall efficacy, and cognitive function of community-dwelling older adults. Methods : Three older adults participated in a total of 11 31-minute sessions of IM training during this single-subject design research study. An IM Short Form Test(IM SFT), a Four Step Square Test(FSST), and the Fullerton Advanced Balance(FAB) Scale were used to evaluate the subjects' balance. The Korean versions of the Fall Efficacy and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale were used to evaluate the fall efficacy. A serial 7 subtraction task was used to evaluate the cognitive function of the participants. Results : All participants showed a higher than average IM SFT SRO% during the intervention period compared to the pre-interventional baseline period. All of them achieved higher scores on their post-interventional balance function test than on their pre-interventional test. All three demonstrated a higher than average attention test score during the intervention period than pre-intervention. Conclusion : It was confirmed that IM training is applicable for community-dwelling older adults to improve their balance and cognitive function.

본 연구는 작업 기반 회상훈련이 비치매노인의 인지기능과 우울, 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시 되었다. 대상자는 비치매노인 19명이었다. 평가는 한국형 몬트리올 인지평가, 단축형 한국판 노인우울척도검사, 노 인 삶의 질 척도를 이용하여 평가하였다. 작업 기반 회상훈련은 주 1회 한시간씩 총 8주간 진행되었다. 수집된 자료는 Wilcoxon signed test를 이용하여 결과를 확인하였다. 훈련 결과 작업 기반 회상훈련의 적용 이후 대상자 들의 인지기능, 우울, 삶의 질의 유의미한 긍정적 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 결과를 통해 작업 기반 회상훈련이 비치매노인들의 인지기능 증진과 치매예방에 긍정적인 훈련방법임을 확인 할 수 있었다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Occupation-based Reminiscence training on cognitive function, depression, and quality of life of the normal elderly. Subjects were 19 normal elderly. The evaluation was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Korean Version, Short Form of Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean Version, and the Geriatric Quality of Life. The Occupation-based Reminiscence training was conducted once a week for an hour for a total of 8 weeks. The collected data was confirmed using the Wilcoxon signed test. As a result of the training, significant positive changes in cognitive function, depression, and quality of life of the subjects were confirmed after application of Occupation-based Reminiscence training. From this result, it was confirmed that the Occupation-based Reminiscence training is a positive training method for improving cognitive function and preventing dementia of the normal elderly.

목적 : 본 연구는 다감각 자극훈련이 노인의 인지기능 및 균형능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 지역사회에 거주하는 65세 이상 노인 10명을 대상으로 다감각 자극훈련을 주 1회 60분씩 12주 동안 진행하였다. 다감각 자극훈련은 신체도식, 대근육, 촉각자극 영역을 포함한 총 12가지 주제에 맞는 활동으로 구성된 프로그램이다. 결과측정은 한국형-간이정신상태평가(Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean, MMSE-K) 와 버그균형검사(Berg Balance Scale, BBS)를 사용하여 대상자의 사전사후 인지기능과 균형 능력을 평가하였고, 중재 이후 프로그램 만족도를 조사하였다. 측정 결과는 윌콕슨 순위 검정(Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test) 을 사용하여 인지기능과 균형능력의 중재 전후로 차이를 비교하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 다감각 자극훈련 중재 이후 대상자들은 인지기능과 균형능력에서 유의한 향상을 보였다(p<.05). 또한 중재 이후 대상자 모두 프로그램에 대한 긍정적인 만족도를 보였다. 결론 : 지역사회 노인을 대상으로 한 다감각 자극훈련은 노인의 인지기능과 균형능력의 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤 으며, 중재 이후 만족도에도 긍정적인 결과를 보였다. 다감각 자극훈련은 고령화 시대에 노인들에게 만족감을 줄 수 있는 그룹치료활동으로 효과적인 사용을 위한 추가적인 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of multi-sensory stimulation training on cognitive function and balance skill of the community resident elderly. Methods : 10 participants who is over aged 65 years carry out multisensory stimulation training program for 12weeks, once a week for 60minutes. The multisensory stimulation training program is consisted of total 12 topic based on body schema, gross muscle and tactile stimulation. The result was measured using Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean and Berg Balance Scale to evaluate before and after of cognitive function and balance skill. And after intervention, the satisfaction of the program was investigated. Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test was used to compare pre- post difference of cognitive function and balance skill. Results : There was significant difference in cognitive function and balance skill(p<.05) and the satisfaction is positive at the end of the program. Conclusion : The multisensory stimulation training program has positive effects on cognitive function and balance skill for elderly. And the satisfaction is positive at the end of the program. The multisensory stimulation training program can enhance the satisfaction to elderly in the aging society. So, additional studies is needed for efficient use.

본 연구는 지역 사회 기반 노인을 대상으로 최소한의 복합 운동 프로그램을 제공하고 어떠한 효과가 있 는지 알아보았다. 총 17명이 참여를 하였고 4주, 주 1회 보건소를 방문하여 물리치료사의 지도를 받으며 흡기근 훈련 장비를 활용하여 운동 프로그램을 진행하였다. 운동 프로그램 효과를 알아보기 위하여 프로그램 참여 전, 후 폐기능과 신체기능 평가를 진행하였다. 본 연구 결과, 폐 기능에서 유의한 변화는 없었으나, Timed UP and Go test, Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test는 유의하게 좋아졌다. 추후 최소한의 중재로 신체기능을 효과적으로 개선할 수 있도록 최소 운동량을 증가시키거나 가정 훈련 프로그램을 같이 제공하는 등 다양한 시도를 통해서 비용대비 효과적인 지역 사회 기반 노인의 건강 프로그램을 구축할 필요가 있다.

This study implemented a minimal complex exercise program for community-based older adults and identified the program’s effectiveness. Seventeen subjects visited a health center once a week for four weeks and were guided by a physical therapist through an exercise program using inspiratory muscle training equipment. The participants’ pulmonary and physical functions were evaluated before and after participation in the program to determine the overall effect. The results found no significant change in lung function, but the Timed UP and Go and Five Times Sit-to-Stand tests showed significant improvement. Thus, there is a need to establish a cost-effective community-based health program for the elderly that increases the minimum amount of exercise in a community setting and provides a home training program so that physical function can be effectively improved with minimal intervention.