Earticle

최근 정보시스템의 발달에 따라, 다양한 정보시스템과 응용 소프트웨어의 개발이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 정보시스템의 발달에 따른 역기능으로 많은 침해사고와 사이버해킹이 증가하는 추세이다. 이러한 정보화의 역기능을 차단하기 위해, 많은 기관에서는 정보시스템과 이를 보호하는 정보보호시스템의 운영과 관리를 위하여 많은 정보시스템 운영인력을 투입하고 있으나, 체계적 관리와 각 역할의 특성에 대한 분석부족으로 효율적인 운영에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 논문에서는 정보시스템과 정보보호시스템 보안 및 관리 운영과 수행업무의 특성에 따라 정형화된Cause-Effect Model을 제시하도록 한다. 이 모델에서는 정보시스템과 정보시스템 운영자를 하나의 information Component로 간주한다. 본 논문에서 제시된 Cause-Effect Model의 각 단계에서 영향을 미치는 Human Factor의 세부 요소에 대한 영향도 분석을 통하여, 주어진 역할에 따라 최적의human Resource의 관리와 배치가 가능할 것이다. 이러한 분석 및 접근 방법은 각 기관의 제한된 Resource 에 대한 효율적 운영이 가능하도록 하여, 기관의 정보시스템 운영과 악의적 침입에 대한 효율적인 방어를 가능하게 할 수 있다

According to the development of information system, many information system and application soft-ware are develop. However, cyber attack and incident have more increased to the development of them. To defend from cyber attack and incident, many organizations has run information security systems, such as Intrusion Detection System, Firewall, VPN etc, and employed information Security person til now. But they have many difficulty in operating these information security component because of the lack of organizational management and analysis of each role. In this paper, We propose the formal Cause-Effect Model related with the information security system and administrative mision per each security. In this model, we regard information system and information system operator as one in-formation component. It is possible to compose the most suitable information component, such as in-formation system, human resource etc., according to the analysis of Cause-Effect Model in this paper. These analysis and approaching methodology can make effective operation of each limited resource in organization and effective defense mechanism against many malicious cyber attack and incident.

Many researchers have discussed that metonymy and metaphor are not clear cut categories and that many metaphors are based on metonymies. However, the question regarding which type of metonymy is prone to metaphorical extension has not been addressed so far. In order to answer the question, this paper examines four Korean body-part idioms which were intentionally used in advertisements, since the visual and verbal signs of the advertisement effectively show different stages of the continuum of metonymy and metaphor. This paper compares CAUSE FOR EFFECT and EFFECT FOR CAUSE metonymies which are observed in the advertisements and concludes that the latter develops to metaphor more easily than the former. In the case of EFFECT FOR CAUSE metonymy, one’s emotion (cause) is referred to by one’s bodily reaction (effect), which is eventually followed by the deconflation of the domain of BODY and the domain of MIND. Since the deconflation of two domains leads to metaphor, the EFFECT FOR CAUSE metonymy is prone to metaphorical extension.

This paper proposes a new software quality model composed of a hierarchy of software quality views and three software quality characteristics models. The software view hierarchy is composed of two levels : end view and means view at the first level, contingency view and intrinsic view as sub-views of means view. Three software quality characteristics models are activity quality characteristics model, contingency quality characteristics model, and intrinsic quality characteristics model, which correspond to end view, contingency view, and intrinsic view respectively. This paper also reclassifies characteristics of ISO/IEC 25000 series SQuaRE’s software product quality model according to the proposed software quality model. The results illustrate clearly the shortcomings of SQuaRE’s product quality model and how to overcome them. First of all, most of SQuaRE’s product characteristics should be redefined and conceptually clarified according to the views on which they are really rested. Much more characteristics should be supplemented too. After that, rigorous empirical researches will become relevant. Causal relationships between activity quality characteristics and characteristics of means view should be empirically researched.

John Wesley was a great preacher in England in the eighteenth century. Now he is remembered as the theological and spiritual father of his followers who are both in the Methodist tradition and in the Wesleyan Holiness tradition. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a significant characteristic of John Wesley's preaching ministry, which is his field preaching. The great majority of Wesley's sermons were preached in the fields and the streets rather than in the parish churches. "Why did Wesley go out to the streets and fields in his days?" "Why did he mostly preach out of doors instead of preaching in his parish church?" "What was the result of his field preaching ministry?" These questions will be the main concern of this paper. I will investigate several factors which were directly or indirectly related to the beginning of Wesley's field preaching. They will be Moravian influences, Wesley's Aldersgate Experience, George Whitefield's invitation to Bristol, the social and economic situation at Bristol, and the start of Wesley's field preaching at Bristol. In spite of the official objection of the Anglican Church to Wesley's preaching practice in outdoors, Wesley's field preaching had a great success, establishing the heritage of a great Methodist revival movement in England in the eighteenth century and later in America in the nineteenth century. After experiencing all the despair of the outside world in the time of industrial revolution in England, Wesley put all the priorities into field preaching because of the value, importance, and power of the field preaching, which was spoken to the unchurched and forlorn masses.

Antibiotics primarily inhibit the growth of prokaryotic cells. The theory of Endosymbiosis states that eukaryotic chloroplasts and mitochondria originate from the prokaryotes, and recent oncologist research reveals that antibiotics can directly exert influence on eukaryotic mitochondria. Similarly, this research probes at the possibility of antibiotics specifically targeting eukaryotic chloroplasts of green alga, Chlorella vulgaris, in an attempt to configure the mechanism through which antibiotics often affect algae. The other half of the research explores the residual environmental risks associated with the presence of antibiotics in freshwater ecosystems, and if antibiotics can possibly be a direct cause of algal blooms. Well over half of the antibiotics, not metabolized and culled out by the sewage plant, end up near the top of the water column: consequently, algae on the surface water are exposed to these antibiotics. Excessive algal growths deplete dissolved oxygen (DO) level and compromise water quality; specifically one of their types, harmful algal blooms (HABs) are disastrous to the aquatic biota. Many obvious and common factors – excessive nutrients and lack of water circulation - are known to encourage these algal blooms. However, as antibiotics in low dosage can stimulate bacterial resistance and encourage growth, the experiments showed that antibiotics could foster algal growth and be a cause of algal blooms.

this study causation analysis of value and Physical education class participation between an influence of a stranger in PE activity and self-perception about Education university student. this study use convenience sampling elect 640 people in G city G Education unoversity student 2010. This study use only 614 people content because 56 people probably tell a lie or respond insinserely. This study use a statistical way of SPSS WIN Ver. 17.0 for exploration factors analyses and reliability verification and use Amos Ver. 6.0 program for apply a structural equation model. So I get this conclusion. first, this study of exogenous variable: A stranger influence, type of accomplishment endogenous variable: perception of probability, Evasion factors show that A general model fitness sharecrop land medical charge good of a study model. second, The results that analyzed detailed index;; A stranger influence → perception of probability, type of accomplishment → perception of probability, type of accomplishment → subjective value, A stranger influence → Evasion factors, perception of probability → Evasion factors this way are pay heed.

본 연구는 중소병원들이 지속적으로 안정성과 효과성을 유지할 수 있는 전략방안의 검토를 위하여 전문병원에 대한 기 대수준 대비 이용 후 지각 만족도와 기대요소 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 연구방법은 20세 이상의 부산 및 경남 거주자를 대상으 로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여, 카이제곱 검정, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 응답자의 68.0%가 특성화를 표방하는 병원을 전문병원으로 인식하였고, 보건복지부 지정병원이라 인식한 응답자는 21.3%로 확인되었다. 둘째, 주관적으로 인식하는 전문병원 이용 경험이 있는 경우에는 대부분의 이용자들이 기대수준 대비 지각하는 만족도가 충족되었으며, 이용했던 병원을 계속 이용 할 의사가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 기대수준 대비 이용 후 지각 만족도에는 치료에 대한 안전성과 치 료의 질적 수준이 유의하게 영향을 미치는 인과관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 이 결과는 의료소비자들의 지각 만족도 향상과 감정 적 애착 관리를 통한 장기적이고 지속적인 효과를 위한 전략 수립에 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study was performed to examine the strategy method for the sustainable stability and effectiveness of small and medium hospital, where the relationship between perceptual satisfaction and expectation factors for special hospital was analyzed. The structural questionnaire was given to the residents of Busan and Gyungnam over the age of 20 and the square contingency and the logistical regression were employed for the analysis of the results. First, the respondent with 68.0% has realized the hospital claiming to be characterization as the special hospital and the Ministry of Health and Welfare designated hospital was identified to the respondent of 21.3%. Second, perceptual satisfaction with expectation level was satisfied to the most visitor in case of visiting special hospitals with subjective perception and was confirmed to the intention of revisiting consistently. Third, for the perceptual satisfaction of visiting with expectation level, the safety and the quality of treatment affected significantly the cause-and-effect. The result has provided the useful information with the establishment of a strategy for the long-term and continued effect through the perceptual satisfaction and the emotional attachment.

최근 공익 마케팅은 브랜드 포지셔닝의 주요 전략으로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 공익 마케팅 유형에 따른 소비자 반응의 상이함과 이에 영향을 주는 요인들에 주목하였다. 실제 브랜드의 공익 마케팅 활동과 이에 참여하는 소비자 를 대상으로 조사를 시행한 결과, 자발적으로 참여하는 형태와 기업이 주도하는 형태는 공익 마케팅 대상 브랜드에 대한 진정성 지각에 상이한 영향을 주었으며, 이는 브랜드 인지도에 의해 조절되었다. 구체적으로, 자발 참여형에서 기업 주도 형 보다 구매의도와 브랜드 진정성이 높았다. 유형별로 살펴본 결과, 기업 주도형은 브랜드 인지도가 낮을(vs. 높을) 때 브랜드 진정성을 통한 구매의도에 미치는 영향이 커졌다. 하지만 자발 참여형은 브랜드 인지도에 따라 구매의도와 브랜드 진정성에 미치는 영향이 상이하지 않았다. 이는 공익 마케팅의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 기업 주도형 보다는 자발 참여형이 더 유의함을 밝히는 결과이며, 기업 주도형 공익 마케팅을 진행하는 경우에는 브랜드 진정성을 높게 지각하게 할 수 있는 방안에 대해 모색하는 것이 공익 마케팅의 성공을 담보하는 길임을 시사한다.

Recently, cause marketing is more focused as one of key brand positioning strategies, which in turn leads that more companies are interested in cause marketing. In this study, we focused on two different types of cause marketing, named as public-volunteered cause marketing and corporate-driven cause marketing. A field study using an actual brand explored the effect of cause marketing type and brand authenticity on purchase intention toward the target brand. Moreover, we examined the moderation and moderated mediation of brand awareness. As our results showed, the corporate-driven cause marketing had a positive impact both on brand authenticity and purchase intention in the low (vs. high) brand awareness condition. However, the effect of public-volunteered marketing on purchase intention and brand authenticity did not vary depending on brand awareness. To increase the effectiveness of the cause marketing, the results suggest that the public-volunteered cause marketing would be more effective than the corporate-driven cause marketing.

This paper aims at investigating the cause-and-effect relationship among classroom community, self-efficacy and academic ability in a group of four-year college students. The 167 participants took a fifteen-week course of English classes and completed a questionnaire on self-efficacy and classroom community. T-tests, ANOVA and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among all variables. The findings showed that, first, confidence, connectedness and learning were statistically significant predictors when comparing subcategories of self-efficacy and classroom community between gender. Second, among subcategories of self-efficacy and classroom community, confidence and learning were statistically meaningful indicators of academic ability. Third, all the subcategories in self-efficacy and connectedness in classroom community were statistically meaningful indicators of academic ability. Finally, multiple regression analyses predicted that confidence and interdependence have a cause-and-effect relationship in college students’ academic ability. In conclusion, the casual relationship among confidence and interdependence and academic ability was found to be definite. Implications for the practical class and further effective studies are suggested.

This paper examines the cause-and-effect relationship among intrinsic motivation, meta(cognitive) strategies and academic achievement in a group of four-year college students. The 82 participants took a fifteen-week English course, a mock TOEIC, and completed a questionnaire on intrinsic motivation and metacognitive strategies. T-tests and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine relationships among all variables. The findings showed that, first, intrinsic motivation and metacognitive strategy were statistically significant predictors when comparing academic achievement between groups. Second, among metacognitive subcategories, learning method and learning purpose were statistically meaningful indicators of academic achievement. Finally, multiple regression analyses predicted that intrinsic motivation and metacognitive strategy have a cause-and-effect relationship in college students’ academic achievement. In conclusion, the cause-and-effect relationship among intrinsic motivation, metacognitive strategies and academic achievement was found to be definite. Implications for the practical class and further effective studies are suggested.

본 논문에서는 기업규모별로 구축한 18개 제조업 패널자료를 이용하여 동태적 패널모형으로 다음의 두 가지 측면에 대해 연구하였다. 하나는 과연 산업기술인력의 부족률이 산업의 생산성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 기업규모별로 그러한 영향이 어떤 차이를 보이는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 다른 하나는 산업기술인력 부족률의 주요 결정요인을 분석하는 것인데, 이 또한 기업규모별로 어떤 차이를 보이고 있는지를 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 특히 후자에서는 인력수급 미스매치(mismatch)의 원인 중 보상의 미스매치(compensation mismatch)와 숙련의 미스매치(skill mismatch) 등을 살펴보았다. 대상 기업군 전체를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현재의 산업기술인력 부족률 증가는 1년 후의 노동생산성 증가율에 유의수준으로 부정적인 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 현재의 실질 임금의 상승은 현재 및 1년 후의 산업기술인력 부족률을 감소시키지만, 2년 후에는 그러한 감소효과가 다소 상쇄된다. 셋째, 현재의 석박사인력 비중은 1차년도와 2차년도의 산업기술인력 부족률에 유의적으로 부의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 현재의 산업기술인력 비중은 1년 후의 산업기술인력 부족률에 유의적으로 부의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 기업규모별로 분석결과들이 다소 상이하므로 기업규모별로 차별화된 노력의 필요성이 제기된다.

This paper studies the following two research issues from dynamic panel model using panel data of 18 manufacturing industries by firm size group. The former issue is to investigate the effect of the technical workforce scarcity on the productivity in each firm size group. The latter is to investigate the determinant of the scarcity by firm size group. In particular, the compensation mismatch as well as the skill mismatch are considered in the latter issue. The empirical results based on all sample regardless of firm size are as follows. At first, the increase in the scarcity rate of technical workforce affects the labor productivity, negatively. Secondly, the increase in real wage has a short-run effect on the scarcity rate of technical workforce. Thirdly, the ratio of higher educated workforce is having adverse effect on the scarcity rate of technical workforce. Fourthly, the ratio of the technical workforce effects on the scarcity rate of technical workforce, negatively. However, compared with above, the empirical results by firm size groups are quite extensive, each other.

대졸자의 취업난은 심각한 사회문제로 확산되고 있으며, 학생들이 취업에 대한 고민과 스트레스 가 어느 정도인지는 여러 매체 등을 통하여 전해지고 있다. 현재 전문 포털사이트를 비롯한 기업 및 기관들은 다양한 취업정보를 제공하는 웹사이트를 운영하고 있으나, 취업 희망자들의 서비스 욕구를 충족시키기에는 충분하지 못한 실정이며, 오히려 불만족을 유발하는 요소들이 나타나고 있다. 그럼에 도 불구하고 취업정보를 제공하고 있는 전문 웹사이트의 서비스품질을 체계적, 실증적으로 다루고 신 뢰, 고객만족, 충성도 등에 대한 인과적인 연구는 찾아보기가 어렵다. 이에 본 연구는 기존 연구와 실 증적 연구를 통해 취업정보사이트의 웹서비스 품질 요인을 정의하고, 웹서비스 품질, 신뢰성, 만족도, 충성도의 구성개념들을 추출하여 이들 간의 인과관계를 증명함과 더불어 각 경로별 인과관계의 영향 력 차이를 통해 충성도의 중요성을 발견하여 취업정보사이트를 운영하는 기업 및 기관들이 보다 강화 된 취업정보서비스 제공을 위한 유용한 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

College students looking for work are being spread as a serious social problem. Multiple media cover a lot worries and stress for the employment of students. Including the current professional portal companies and agencies are operating a website that provides a range of professional information. However, customers are not satisfied with information about career services. Rather, it appears that factors that cause dissatisfaction. Nevertheless, dealing with the quality of service of a professional website that provides professional information systematically reliability, customer satisfaction, and causal research associated with customer loyalty is difficult to browse. This study was defined as the existing empirical research Web service quality factors of career information through the site to extract the Web service quality, construct reliability, satisfaction, and loyalty demonstrated a causal relationship between them. And to provide a useful implications for companies and organizations to work more enhanced information services pro-vided through the influence of the difference between cause and effect of each route discovery of the importance of loyalty to operate the Jobs site.

Measuring Information Technology(IT) organizations’ activities have been limited to mainly measure financial indicators for a long time. However, according to the multifarious functions of Information System, a number of researches have been done for the new trends on measurement methodologies that come with financial measurement as well as new measurement methods. Especially, the researches on IT Balanced Scorecard (BSC), concept from BSC measuring IT activities have been done as well in recent years. BSC provides more advantages than only integration of non-financial measures in a performance measure-ment system. The core of BSC rests on the cause-and-effect relationships between measures to allow pre-diction of value chain performance measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures, communication, and realization of the corporate strategy and incentive controlled actions. More recently, BSC proponents have focused on the need to tie measures together into a causal chain of performance, and to test the validity of these hypothesized effects to guide the development of strategy. Kaplan and Norton[2001] argue that one of the primary benefits of the balanced scorecard is its use in gauging the success of strategy. Norreklit[2000] insist that the cause-and-effect chain is central to the bal-anced scorecard.The cause-and-effect chain is also central to the IT BSC. However, prior researches on relationship be-tween information system and enterprise strategies as well as connection between various IT performance measurement indicators are not so much studied. Ittner et al.[2003] report that 77% of all surveyed companies with an implemented BSC place no or only little interest on soundly modeled cause-and-effect relationships despite of the importance of cause-and- effect chains as an integral part of BSC. This shortcoming can be explained with one theoretical and one practical reason[Blumenberg and Hinz, 2006]. From a theoretical point of view, causalities within the BSC method and their application are only vaguely described by Kaplan and Norton. From a practical consideration, modeling corporate causalities is a complex task due to tedious data acquisition and following reliability maintenance.However, cause-and effect relationships are an essential part of BSCs because they differentiate performance measurement systems like BSCs from simple key performance indicator(KPI) lists. KPI lists present an ad-hoc collection of measures to managers but do not allow for a comprehensive view on corporate performance. Instead, performance measurement system like BSCs tries to model the relationships of the underlying value chain in cause-and-effect relationships.Therefore, to overcome the deficiencies of causal modeling in IT BSC, sound and robust causal modeling approaches are required in theory as well as in practice for offering a solution.The propose of this study is to suggest critical success factors(CSFs) and KPIs for measuring performance for IT organizations and empirically validate the casual relationships between those CSFs.For this purpose, we define four perspectives of BSC for IT organizations according to Van Grembergen’s study[2000] as follows. The Future Orientation perspective represents the human and technology resources needed by IT to deliver its services. The Operational Excellence perspective represents the IT processes employed to develop and deliver the applications. The User Orientation perspective represents the user evaluation of IT. The Business Contribution perspective captures the business value of the IT investments.Each of these perspectives has to be translated into corresponding metrics and measures that assess the current situations. This study suggests 12 CSFs for IT BSC based on the previous IT BSC’s studies and COBIT 4.1. These CSFs consist of 51 KPIs. We defines the cause-and-effect relationships among BSC CSFs for IT Organizations as follows.The Future Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Operational Excellence perspective. Then the Operational Excellence perspective will have positive effects on the User Orientation perspective. Finally, the User Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Business Contribution perspective.This research tests the validity of these hypothesized casual effects and the sub-hypothesized causal relationships. For the purpose, we used the Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modeling (or PLS Path Modeling) for analyzing multiple IT BSC CSFs. The PLS path modeling has special abilities that make it more appropriate than other techniques, such as multiple regression and LISREL, when analyzing small sample sizes. Recently the use of PLS path modeling has been gaining interests and use among IS researchers in recent years because of its ability to model latent constructs under conditions of nonormality and with small to medium sample sizes(Chin et al., 2003).The empirical results of our study using PLS path modeling show that the casual effects in IT BSC significantly exist partially in our hypotheses.

21세기에 들어 급변하는 기후변화로 인한 풍수해 재해가 증가하여 건설현장에서의 침수사고가 증가하고 있다. 하지만 침수사고에 안전관리가 제대로 작동하지 않아 구체적인 저감 대책은 제시되고 있지 않다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 굴착공사현장에서의 침수사고에 대한 침수양상을 해석하고 침수위험도 정량화 기법을 활용하여 위험등급을 구분하였다. 마지막으로 어골도를 활용하여 복합적인 침수원인을 도출하였다. 소규모 굴착공사 현장과 터파기 현장의 침수양상을 모 의한 결과 굴착면을 타고 흘러 들어오는 유체에 의해 굴착면 내 침수심이 3 m를 초과하였다. 또한 굴착지점에 따라서 일시적으로 고유속이 발생하다 저류효과에 의해 감소하거나 10 m/s 이상의 고유속이 지속되기도 하였다. 이와 같은 침수 양상은 대부분의 작업자 혹은 모든 작업자에게 위험을 초래할 수 있는 수치이기 때문에 관리대책 미흡과 동시에 곱의 사상으로 발생한다면 치명적인 인명·재산 피해를 초래할 수 있었다. 이러한 재해 원인 고찰은 인명피해를 유발하는 침수 사고에 대한 원인을 파악하여 사고 저감 대책을 제시할 때 도움을 줄 것으로 판단된다.

In the 21st century, a number of storm and flood disasters caused by rapidly changing climate change is increasing, and the number of flood accidents at construction sites is also increasing. However, no specific reduction measures have been presented and thereby safety management to prevent flood accident need to be improved. Therefore, in this study, the inundation pattern by downpour at the excavation site was interpreted and the inundation risk quantification method was used to classify the risk magnitude. Finally, using the fish-bone diagram, we derived the major reasons of inundation accident at construction site systematically. The simulation results showed that the inundation depths of small-scale excavation sites and excavation sites exceeded 3 m due to the fluid flowing through the excavation surface. In addition, depending on the excavation site, a high velocity temporarily observed and decreased due to the storage effect, or high velocity surpassing 10 m/s continued. Since this type of flooding can pose a risk to most or all workers, if proper management measures are insufficient, fatal damage to life and property could occur. Consideration of the roots of these disasters is judged to be helpful in understanding the causes of inundation accidents that result in casualties and presenting accident reduction measures.

최근 기후변화로 인해 태풍과 호우 피해가 증가하고 있으나 물리적인 침수대책과 재난대응 안전관리가 여전히 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 안전 확보를 위한 대응체계를 마련하고, 침수 발생 시 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 실용적인 방안을 확보함으로써 경제적인 손실과 인명피해를 최소화하는 방안 마련이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 ‘노 량진 배수지 수몰 사고’, ‘초량제1지하차도 침수사고’에 대한 동수역학 모의를 수행하고 침수양상을 해석하였으며, 침수위험도 정량화 지수를 이용하여 공간적 위험도를 산정하였다. 또한 특성요인도를 통해 침수사고에 대한 물리 적, 관리적 원인을 체계적으로 제시하였다.

Recently, the damages by typhoons and heavy rains are increasing due to the climate change. However, we are still vulnerable to inundation disaster due to various causes such as poor physical flood control and lacks of disaster and safety management. Therefore, it is necessary to establish systems to ensure safety and prepare practical countermeasures that can minimize damage when an inundation occurs, thereby minimizing economic loss and casualty. In this study, hydrodynamic inundation modelings were implemented to analyze the "Noryangjin reservoir inundation accident" and "Choryang No. 1 underground road inundation accident." and spatial risk was assessed by a quantitative hazard index. In addition, cause and effect diagrams were provided to present the risk causes in terms of physical and managemental aspects.

A creative innovation and an innovative problem-solving of industrial companies can be achieved by overcoming the challenges of technical and physical contradictions. The approaches to address conflicting and paradoxical problems, such as technical and physical contradictions have a crucial role in advancing the quality assessment for manufacturer and service provider. The term, technical contradiction, depicts the state that improvement of one ends of IFR (Ideal Final Result) leads to unfavorable condition of the other ends, and results in conflicting problem. Another type of contradictions that’s discussed in this study is a physical contradiction which is due to two mutually opposing states of the means of ends, and gives paradoxical situation. By integrating the means-ends chain perspectives, the physical contradiction that is a specifically root-causes, “means”, can be initially addressed to resolve the downstream problem of technical contradiction which represents a general and abstract goals, “ends”. This research suggests IFR resolution processes to handle both physical contradiction of means and technical contradiction of ends by employing causal relationship with IFR, effects and causes. In summary, the study represents three major processes that resolve such contradictions are demonstrated as follows: 1) Derivation of causal and hierarchical relationship among IFR, ends and means by considering CAED (Cause-And-Effect Diagram) and LT (Logic Tree). 2) Identification of causal relationship between physical contradiction and technical contradiction by using TPCT (TRIZ Physical Contradiction Tree) and TCD (Technical Contradiction Diagram). 3) Application of integrated TRIZ principles by classifying 40 inventive principles into 4 general conditions of the separation principle of mutually opposite states in space, in time, based on conditions, and between the parts and the whole. In order to validate the proof of proposed IFR resolution processes, the analysis of the TRIZ case studies from National Quality Circle Contest in the years, 2011 to 2014 have been proposed. The suggested guidelines that are built based on TRIZ principles can uniquely enhance the process of quality innovation and assessment for quality practitioners.

본 연구의 목적은 공익연계마케팅의 진정성이 브랜드 태도와 구매의도에 영향을 미치는지 조사하고 지각된 기업의 ESG활동이 공익연계마케팅의 진정성과 브랜드 태도사이에서 조절 역할을 하는지 알아 본다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공익연계마케팅의 진정성은 브랜드 태도에 긍정적인 영향 을 미친다. 둘째, 브랜드 태도는 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 공익연계마케팅의 진정성과 구매 의도 사이에서 매개효과를 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지각된 기업의 ESG 활동은 공익연계마케팅 의 진정성과 브랜드 태도, 구매의도간의 관계에서 조절된 매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 소비자 가 기업의 ESG 활동을 긍정적으로 지각하면, 브랜드에 대한 태도가 낮더라도 구매의도는 지속된다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구를 통해 볼 때, 기업의 ESG 활동은 공익연계마케팅에 상승효과를 지니는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 기업은 공익연계마케팅을 기업의 ESG 활동차원에서 적극적으로 활용할 필요가 있다.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the authenticity of the cause-related marketing affects on brand attitude and purchase intention and the perceived ESG activity of company play a moderating role between cause-related marketing and brand attitude. The analysis results of this study are as follows. First, the authenticity of cause-related marketing had a positive impact on brand attitude. Second, brand attitude influenced positively on purchase intention. It also has a mediating effect in the relationship between the authenticity of cause-related marketing and purchase intention. Third, ESG activity had a moderated mediating effect between cause-related marketing and purchase intention. When consumers perceive a company's ESG activities positively, their purchase intention persists even if their attitude toward the brand is low. From this study, it can be seen that corporate ESG activities have a synergistic effect on cause-related marketing. Therefore, companies need to actively utilize cause-related marketing as part of their ESG activities.