Earticle

Collagen casing에 충진한 명란훈연제품의 품질특성은 다음과 같다. 대조구 및 set 제품에서 carrageenan의 첨가량이 많을수록, 전분의 양이 적을수록 texture(hardness and gumminess) 및 관능적(taste 및 acceptability) 특성이 높게 측정되었고, 명란훈연제품 제조 시 setting은 gumminess 강도를 크게 증가하였다. Set 제품에 있어서 조미성분의 최적 배합비율은 roe, starch 및 carrageenan을 각각 88.50, 5.00 및 2.00으로 배합한 제품이 경제적 측면에서 양호한 것으로 생각되며, 진공 및 질소포장에 따른 저장기간 중의 품질변화는 다음과 같다. 모든 시료에서 pH는 저장 4개월째까지 증가 하였다가 감소였으며, 일반포장 제품이 진공 및 질소포장에 비하여 pH 변화가 높았다. 휘발성 염기성질소량 및 TBA 값은 일반포장을 한 제품에서는 저장기간이 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 진공 및 질소포장 제품은 저장 2개월째까지는 변화가 없다가 저장 4개월째부터 저장기간이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 총균수는 일반포장 제품이 진공 및 질소포장에 비하여 저장기간 동안에 높은 수치를 나타내었으며, 대장균군은 모든 시료에서 저장기간 동안에 음성으로 측정되었다. Collagen casing에 충진한 명란훈연제품의 품질은 cellulose casing에 충진한 제품과 저장 중 뚜렷한 품질차이가 없었으며, Wienner sausage와 같이 소규모 훈연제품의 생산에 적합하다고 판단된다. 그러므로 명란훈연제품은 새로운 형태의 수산가공식품으로 건강지향적인 소비자들의 기호에 적합하므로 산업화 가능성이 높은 제품이라고 판단된다.

Alaska pollock roe is mainly used as a raw material for fermented seafood, especially in the East Asia. Kernels of Alaska pollock roe are not valuable as a raw material and usually discarded as a waste product. In order to utilize the broken roes of Alaska pollock, the smoked product, a imitated sausage, was manufactured for commercial production. Texture intensity (hardness and gumminess) and sensory evaluation (taste and acceptability) of the smoked Alaska pollock roe packed with collagen casing were evaluated based on mixture design and regression models. At higher concentration of carrageenan and lower concentration of starch in the formula of the smoked Alaska pollock roe, higher texture intensity and sensory scores were obtained. pH values of all treatments (control, vacuum and $N_2$ packages) increased up to 6.28, 6.23 and 6.24 on 4 months of storage, respectively, and then decreased. The numbers of VBN, TBA and viable cell counts increased during storage periods, higher in control than in vacuum and $N_2$ packages. Coliform bacteria was not detected in all treatment during storage periods.

As the importance of the indoor environment increases. As part of a study to improve range hood performance, a flow analysis of chamber casing was conducted. flow analysis was performed by applying Realizable () Model. For flow analysis, “STAR-CCM+” program of “SIEMENS” was used. It was analyzed how changes in inlet velocity, outlet velocity(flow rate) and static pressure increase occur according to changes in the shape of the chamber casing. Flow analysis was performed by changing the shape of the chamber casing limitedly, but the results were not helpful in improving the performance of range hood.

In the steam turbine for combined cycle power generation operated for a long time, thermal and mechanical deformation is accumulated in the High-Intermediate Pressure (HIP) casing due to repeated start-up and stop under high temperature and high pressure conditions. This study attempted to quantitatively evaluate the deformation characteristics based on the measured data and analyze the effect of casing deformation on casing alignment and inner gap. To this end, the level of the horizontal split flange surface was precisely measured and analyzed for the two decomposed steam turbine high-pressure casing of the combined thermal power plants. As a result, Hogging deformation occurred throughout the casing, and a maximum strain deviation of 0.83mm between the upper and lower casings was confirmed, and an asymmetric deformation tendency was confirmed in which the upper part was more than twice as large as the lower part. Based on this phenomenon, by estimating the amount of centerline movement and the change in the inner gap that can occur during assembly due to the upper and lower deviation of the casing Hogging deformation, it was confirmed that Hogging deformation is a major influencing factor on casing alignment.

This study was aimed to improve the productivity and income of mushroom farming by developing a new casing material as a substitute for clay loam casing soil, which is becoming more difficult to acquire. When the new casing materials were used for the stable production of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), a 1:1 mixture of clay loam and button mushroom media obtained after harvest supported 13% greater mycelial growth (32.0 kg/3.3 m2). This material was better than clay loam soil in preventing contamination with environmental compounds and pests. The use of an inexpensive 1:1 mixture of peat moss and coco peat resulted superior mycelial growth with 4% better yield (32.9 kg/3.3 m2) compared with conventional clay loam soil. Advantages of these casing materials included ready availability and improved productivity. Mixtures of peat moss + coco peat + zeolite (50%:30%:20%) and coco peat + coal ash (75%:25%) could substitute for conventional casing soil. Additionally, the novel mixtures containing material obtained after cultivation might be used to produce organic fertilizer.

The Casing Oscillator is a bore file Equipment for the all-casing process. All-casing process is a method of foundation work in construction yard to oscillate steel Casing in the ground. The existing Casing Oscillator has some problem like not boring horizontally with disturbance and not driving Casing othor angle except horizon. To solve problem, the new structure Casing Oscillator is presented and studied. The performance of Casing Oscillator is improved by kinematics analysis. The Casing Oscillator is similar to the parallel manipulator in structure. So we obtain Inverse kinematics solution of Casing Oscillator easily. But it is difficult to solve forward kinematics of Casing Oscillator. T his paper presents a novel pose description corresponding to the structure characteristics of parallel manipulators. Through analysis on geometry theory, we obtain a new method of the closed-form solution to the forward kinematics using Kinematic Inversion. The closed-form solution contains two different meanings -analytical and real-time. So we reach the goal of practical application and control. Closed-form forward kinematics solution is verified by an inverse kinematics analysis. It shows that the method has a practical value for real -time control and inverse kinematics servo control.

본 연구에서는 수치해석을 통하여 국내 해상 장대교량의 기초로 사용된 대구경 현장타설말뚝의 거동특성을 분석하고 외부 강관케이싱에 의한 말뚝의 지지력 증진효과를 검증하고자 한다. 직경이 다른 3종류의 현장타설말뚝에 대하여 1) 외부강관이 없는 경우, 2) 외부강관이 있는 경우 그리고 3) 외부강관과 콘크리트가 일체화 거동을 하는 경우 등 3가지 모델을 설정하고 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 강관과 콘크리트사이에는 경계면 요소(interface)를 적용하였으며, 지반 및 하중조건은 현장의 조건을 사용하였다. 각 모델에 대한 세부적인 변위 및 응력분석을 통하여 강관합성 현장타설말뚝의 거동특성을 파악하였다. 수치해석결과 본 해석에서 선정한 대구경 현장타설말뚝의 경우 외부강관을 구조재로 고려하는 경우 동일 하중조건에 대한 수평변위 및 수직변위가 각각 32~37%와 15~19% 정도 감소되는 것으로 나타났다.

This study is concerned with the characteristics of the behavior of drilled shafts with steel casing, a material that is used for large bridge foundations in Korea, and especially for weak submerged ground conditions. The effect of steel casing on bearing capacity of drilled shafts was also verified in this study. Three large drilled shafts with 1.8, 2.4, 3.0m diameter respectively were selected, and 3-D finite element analysis has been undertaken on the following three models: 1) drilled shafts without steel casing, 2) drilled shafts with steel casing, 3) steel-concrete composite drilled shafts. Interface element between concrete core and steel casing was taken into account, and ground conditions and load combinations were applied which had been considered in the fields. Detailed characteristics of the stress and displacement distributions were evaluated to understand the characteristics of the behavior of the drilled shafts. Based on the study performed, the steel casing used as load-carrying materials in the drilled shafts can reduce the horizontal and vertical displacement of drilled shafts by 32~37% and 15~19% respectively compared with drilled shafts without steel casing.

The casing oscillator is a construction equipment to clamp, oscillate and push a casing for foundation work. In case that the casing oscillator is operated on the slant ground, if another construction heavy equipment is not used, it is impossible to insert the casing in ground using only casing oscillator. So in this paper, we present the new casing oscillator that need not to level the ground for work of casing insertion. This mechanism can execute 4 DOF motion by actuating 5 single - rod hydraulic cylinders. The inverse kinematics analysis of the casing oscillator is performed and we verify the validity of kinematics analysis through the experiment.

In this study, for the design of the impeller and volute casing shape of the water pump for flood prevention, performance was predicted through numerical analysis to secure the theoretical power and hydraulic efficiency of the front well at the discharge well 300m3/h, which is the target design specification, and the flow characteristics of each flow rate were checked and verified. Through the results of this flow analysis, it was possible to secure the basic shape design of the impeller and volute casing of the water pump for flood prevention. In the future, we will perform an interpretation to confirm structural safety according to shape and material.

Peat moss is widely used as a casing material for Agaricus bisporus. However, its use in Korea depends largely on imports, and environmental concerns associated with peat extraction have increased the need for alternative casing materials. This study evaluated the potential use of spent coir substrate generated after hydroponic tomato cultivation as an alternative casing material. Spent coir substrate was mixed with peat moss at 10–90% (w/w) or used alone, and two A. bisporus strains, ‘Saehan’ and ‘A15’, were cultivated. The peat–coir mixtures (S10–S90) had pH values of 8.1–8.5 and electrical conductivity (EC) values of 0.2–0.6 mS/cm, whereas S100 had a lower pH of 6.9. No consistent increase or decrease in yield was observed with increasing proportions of spent coir substrate. S100 showed the highest cumulative yield over three flushes in both strains, reaching 4.99 kg·m-2 in ‘Saehan’ and 7.92 kg·m-2 in ‘A15’. Days to primordia formation and most fruiting body characteristics showed no significant differences among casing treatments. These results suggest that spent coir substrate from hydroponic tomato cultivation has potential as a peat moss alternative for A. bisporus casing. Further evaluation of physical properties, particularly water retention characteristics and porosity, is needed to determine suitable conditions for its practical use.

This study was conducted to set the proper sterilization standards of casing soil for the stable production of button mushroom(Agaricus bisporus) from mushroom disease that occurs in infection of casing soil material. Changes of aerobic bacteria are increased as the longer grow-out period and sharply increased after second flushes. Fluorescence Psuedomonas showed high density at high sterilization temperature and 100oC treatment has extremely high density at 30 min and 60 min in casing 22 days. Density of thermophilic actinomyces is sharply increase from casing with soil and the highest density at 22 days of casing and rapidly decrease after first flushes. Sterilizing temperature of casing soil affects quality and quantity of button mushroom. Treatment of 60 min, 90 min at 80oC and 30 min at 100oC produced the highest mushroom yields, especially mushrooms yields of A grads were the highest at treatment of 90 min at 80oC. Treatment of 60min at 100oC products many yields, however, this treatment has low economic feasibility for its yields. Sterilizing temperature of casing soil has an effect on generating diseases and insect pests. Treatment of 60 min, 90 min at 80oC and 30 min 100oC showed lower incidence than the other treatment. Although treatment of 30 min at 100oC causes low diseases and mushroom fly damage, it has low mushroom yields. Furthermore, although treatment of 60 min at 100oC has high mushroom yields, it causes high diseases and mushroom fly damage. Therefore the best conditions for the sterilization of casing soils was 60 min and 90 min at 80oC.

The paper designs and develops a casing cutting robot for the platform decommission. This robot can achieve the sea-bottom casing reclamation duties required by the environment protection acts related to decommissioning of offshore oil plants. The objective of this research work was to investigate and explore the casing cutting robot model for the platform decommission. A 2-linear axis cutting robot is prototyped and a test bench is designed in the laboratory for the research. A surface control system provides remote control functionalities for the operator to command signals and automatic sequences. The robot control system based on Programmable Multi-Axis Controller (PMAC), which makes it easier to be operated. Moreover a Human Machine Interface (HMI) is developed to monitor and control the cutting process conveniently. The laboratory test results show that the robot system developed is very usable and it is working satisfactory for the casing cutting.

The effectiveness of a submarine casing cutting robot is mainly influenced not only by its operational but also by its reliability and safety. In this paper, fault diagnosis research of this cutting robot is evaluated using the Bayesian network. A methodology of transforming the fault tree model into Bayesian network model is used. The fault tree model is established simply and conveniently. Bayesian network can address interesting questions allowing both forward and backward analysis. Combining the merits of two methods, the causes of failures, the occurrence probabilities and the importance of various components are analyzed based on the Netica software. The results show that the robot has high reliability and should be paid attentions to the research of feeding mechanism and the discharge gap detection circuits.

With the development of drilling technology and the needs of the larger Bulit-up, the screw drill with larger structure corner is used more widely in drilling field. Because the existence of single curved screw drill tool with larger structure corner, it have larger friction during the bend PDM in the process of internal casing, so we often need to use the wellhead adjuvant into the well. In order to understand the single bent screw drill into the state in the wellhead diameter of casing, and how the angle of screw structure impact the feasibility, This paper analysis the stress of the single curved screw drilling tools in the well, and the condition it can safely through the mouth of the well conditions, establish the single bend PDM in the calculation wellhead down model. and the finite element model is established combined with the specific parameters of a well which is in the western of SiChuan depression. Using ansys analysis a particular casing inside diameter, under wellhead vertical segment into different structure when the turn of the screw drilling tools down into characteristics and stress distribution characteristics, it is concluded how large of the structure corners and how depth that the bend PDM can rely on gravity well down into the inside diameter of 250.19 mm casing, concluded the relationship between reaction force, friction force, and maximum stress with the well depth and the change of structure corners from 1.5°to 2.75°，provide a basis for drilling site selection of the appropriate combinations of screw drill and how to regulate the radial force of the device while into the well.

Construction equipment noise has caused much annoyance for a number of dwellers in nearby construction field and has become a very serious issure in our living environment. Therefore, in our country, a practical solution and a better method of reducing construction equipment noise are highly required in construction field. Practical solutions for the construction equipment noise, however, are very difficult because of the poorness of basic data and insufficiency of the existing research. Especially, in order to establish the sound insulation plan about pilling works noise with high sound pressure level and impactive, a real situation of sound characteristics about the noise of pilling works in foundation work demands more detail investigation. In this point, this study attempts to survey the characteristics of attenuation and propagation of construction equipment noise in pilling work using SIP(soil-cement injected precast pile) method with casing. And this study intends to get the basic data for establishment of a standard about construction noise.

The hot gas casing of gas turbine has operated high temperature and thermal gradient. The structure safety of hot gas casing will be highly depend on the thermal stress. In this paper, flow and thermal stress analysis of hot gas casing is carried out using ANSYS program. The obtained temperature data by flow analysis of hot gas casing apply the load condition of the thermal analysis. The thermal stress analysis is carry out the elastic-plasticity analysis. The pressure, temperature and velocity of the flow and thermal stress of the hot gas casing are presented.

This paper presents the vibration problem of the Engine Casing (E/C) "B" deck in the handymax vessel and describes a method to avoid resonance. The first ship of the series did not have any vibration issue on the "B" deck. However, resonance condition occurred when additional machine was installed to the following vessels. To understand the dynamic characteristics of the deck, the normal mode analysis and impact test have been performed. Within the normal operating range of the vessel, the $1^{st}$ natural frequency of the E/C "B" deck is close to the main engine's $6^{th}$ order. Based on these analysis, a reinforcement on the deck was suggested and it proved to be effective. Since actual impact test after the reinforcement also confirmed the resonance avoidance.

이 글에서는 터빈 Casing Bolt 분해조립 시 신기술 가열분해 공법을 적용하여, 정비기간 단축 및 Bolt 파손을 방지한 사례에 대해 소개하고자 한다.